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Measurement of the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Eric William Mayotte,Adila Abdul Halim,Pedro Abreu,M. Aglietta,I. Allekotte,Kévin Almeida Cheminant,A. Almela,Roberto Aloisio,J. Álvarez-Muñiz,Juan Ammerman Yebra,Gioacchino Alex Anastasi,Luis A. Anchordoqui,Belén Andrada,S. Andringa,C. Aramo,Paulo Ricardo Araújo Ferreira,Enrico Arnone,Juan Carlos Arteaga Velázquez,H. Asorey,P. Assis,G. Ávila,Emanuele Avocone,Alina Mihaela Badescu,Alena Bakalová,Alexandru Bălăceanu,Felicia Barbato,Adriel Bartz Mocellin,J. A. Bellido,C. Bérat,M. Bertaina,Gopal Bhatta,Marta Bianciotto,Peter L. Biermann,Virginia Binet,Kathrin Bismark,Teresa Bister,Jonathan Biteau,Jiří Blažek,C. Bleve,J. Blümer,M. Bohã̌cov́a,Denise Boncioli,C. Bonifazi,Luan Bonneau Arbeletche,N. Borodai,Jeffrey Brack,P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera,Florian Lukas Briechle,A. Bueno,S. Buitink,Mario Buscemi,Max Büsken,Anthony Bwembya,K. S. Caballero‐Mora,Sergio Cabana-Freire,Lorenzo Caccianiga,Ioana Caracas,R. Caruso,A. Castellina,Fernando Catalani,G. Cataldi,L. Cazón,Marcos Cerda,Alessandro Cermenati,Jose Chinellato,J. Chudoba,Ladislav Chytka,R. W. Clay,Agustín Cobos Cerutti,Roberta Colalillo,Alan Coleman,Maria Rita Coluccia,R. Conceição,Antonio Condorelli,G. Consolati,Matteo Conte,Fabio Convenga,Diego Correia dos Santos,Pedro J. Costa,C. E. Covault,M. Cristinziani,Carlo Salvattore Cruz Sanchez,S. Dasso,K. Daumiller,B. R. Dawson,Rogério M. de Almeida,Joaquin de Jesus,Sijbrand J. de Jong,João de Mello Neto,I. De Mitri,Jaime de Oliveira,D. Franco,F. de Palma,Vítor de Souza,Emanuele De Vito,A. Del Popolo,O. Deligny,N. Denner,Luca Deval,Armando di Matteo,Madalina Dobre,C. Dobrigkeit,Juan Carlos D’Olivo,Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes,Joao dos Anjos,Rita Cassia dos Anjos,Jan Ebr,Fiona H. Ellwanger,Mohamed Emam,R. Engel,Italo Epicoco,Martin Erdmann,A. Etchegoyen,Carmelo Evoli,H. Falcke,John Farmer,Glennys R. Farrar,A. C. Fauth,N. Fazzini,Fridtjof Feldbusch,Francesco Fenu,Alexandra Fernandes,B. Fick,Juan Manuel Figueira,Andrej Filipčič,Thomas Fitoussi,Benjamin Flaggs,Tomáš Fodran,Toshihiro Fujii,Alan Fuster,C. Galea,Claudio Galelli,Beatriz García,Chloé Gaudu,H. Gemmeke,Flavia Gesualdi,A. Gherghel-Lascu,P. L. Ghia,U. Giaccari,M. Giammarchi,Jonas Glombitza,Fabian Gobbi,Fernando Gollan,G. Golup,M. Gómez Berisso,Primo F. Gómez Vitale,Juan Pablo Gongora,Juan Manuel González,Nicolás Martín González,Isabel Goos,Dariusz Góra,A. Gorgi,Marvin Gottowik,Trent D. Grubb,F. Guarino,G. P. Guedes,Eleonora Guido,Steffen Traugott Hahn,P. Hamal,Matías Rolf Hampel,Patricia María Hansen,D. Harari,Violet M. Harvey,A. Haungs,T. Hebbeker,C. Hojvat,J. R. Hörandel,Pavel Horváth,Miroslav Hrabovský,T. Huege,A. Insolia,P. G. Isar,Petr Janeček,Jeffrey A. Johnsen,Jakub Jurýšek,Alex Kääpä,Karl-Heinz Kampert,B. Keilhauer,Abha Khakurdikar,Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam,H. O. Klages,M. Kleifges,Felix Knapp,Norbert Kunka,Bruno L. Lago,Niklas Langner,Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira,Yago Lema-Capeans,Vladimir Lenok,A. Letessier‐Selvon,I. Lhenry-Yvon,Domenico Lo Presti,L. Lopes,Lu Lu,Quentin Luce,Jon Paul Lundquist,Allan Machado Payeras,Margita Majerčáková,Dušan Mandát,Bradley C. Manning,P. Mantsch,Sullivan Marafico,Federico Maria Mariani,Analisa Mariazzi,Ioana Codrina Maris,G. Marsella,D. Martello,Sara Martinelli,O. Martínez Bravo,Miguel A. Martins,Massimo Mastrodicasa,Hermann-Josef Mathes,James Matthews,G. Matthiae,Sonja Mayotte,Péter Mazur,G. Medina-Tanco,Janning Meinert,D. Melo,Alexander Menshikov,Carmen Merx,Stanislav Michal,M. I. Micheletti,L. Miramonti,Silvia Mollerach,F. Montanet,Leonel Morejón,C. Morello,Ana L. Müller,Katharine Mulrey,R. Mussa,Marco Stein Muzio,Wilson M. Namasaka,Shefali Negi,Lukas Nellen,Khoa D. Nguyen,Gabriela Nicora,Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu,Marcus Niechciol,D. Nitz,Dalibor Nosek,Vladimír Novotný,Libor Nožka,Achille Nucita,Luis A. Núñez,Cainã Oliveira,M. Palatka,J. Pallotta,Shayoni Panja,G. Parente,Therese Paulsen,Jannis Pawlowsky,Miroslav Pech,Jan Pękala,R. Pelayo,Luiz Augusto Pereira,Edyvânia Emily Pereira Martins,Johnnier Perez Armand,Carmina Pérez Bertolli,L. Perrone,S. Petrera,Camilla Petrucci,T. Pierog,M. Pimenta,M. Platino,Bjarni Pont,Mart Pothast,Mohsen Pourmohammad Shahvar,P. Privitera,Michael Prouza,Andrew Puyleart,S. Querchfeld,J. Rautenberg,D. Ravignani,Maximilian Reininghaus,J. Řídký,Felix Riehn,M. Risse,Vincenzo Rizi,W. Rodrigues de Carvalho,Ezequiel Rodríguez,Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo,Matías J. Roncoroni,Simone Rossoni,Markus Roth,Esteban Roulet,A. C. Rovero,Philip Ruehl,A. Săftoiu,Mohit Saharan,F. Salamida,H. Salazar,G. Salina,Jose Sanabria Gomez,F. Sánchez,Edivaldo Moura Santos,Eva Santos,F. Sarazin,R. Sarmento,R. Sato,Pierpaolo Savina,Christoph Schäfer,V. Scherini,H. Schieler,Martin Schimassek,Michael Schimp,Felix Schlüter,David Schmidt,O. Schölten,H. Schoorlemmer,Petr Schovánek,Frank G. Schröder,Josina Schulte,Tobias Schulz,S. J. Sciutto,Marina Scornavacche,A. Segreto,Srijan Sehgal,Shima Ujjani Shivashankara,Guenter Sigl,Gaia Silli,O. Sima,F. Simon,Raluca Smau,R. Šmída,P. Sommers,Jorge F. Soriano,R. Squartini,Maximilian Stadelmaier,Denis Stanca,S. Stanič,Jarosław Stasielak,P. Stassi,Simon Strähnz,Maximilian Straub,Mauricio Suárez-Durán,T. Suomijärvi,A. D. Supanitsky,Zuzana Svozilikova,Zbigniew Szadkowski,Alex Tapia,Carla Taricco,C. Timmermans,Olena Tkachenko,Petr Tobiška,C. J. Todero Peixoto,B. Tomé,Zoé Torrès,Andres Travaini,Petr Trávníček,Caterina Trimarelli,M. Tueros,Michael Unger,Lukáš Vaclavek,Martin Vacula,J. F. Valdés Galicia,L. Valore,Enrique Varela,Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez,D. Veberič,Cynthia Ventura,Indira D. Vergara Quispe,V. Verzi,Jakub Vícha,Jacco Vink,Jilek Vlastimil,S. Vorobiov,Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe,Alan Watson,A. Weindl,L. Wiencke,H. Wilczyński,David Wittkowski,B. Wundheiler,Bin Yue,A. Yushkov,Orazio Zapparrata,E. Zas,D. Zavrtanik,M. Zavrtanik

Pierre Auger Observatory

Physics

Observatory

2023

After nearly 20 years of data-taking, the measurements made with the Pierre Auger Observatory represent the largest collection of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) data so far assembled from a single instrument.Exploring this data set led to a deeper understanding of the UHECR flux and many surprises.In particular, studies aiming to investigate and leverage the mass composition of UHECRs have played an important role in empowering discovery.This contribution will present an overview of the analyses of primary mass composition carried out during the first phase of the Observatory.The overview includes analyses derived from measurements made by the surface, fluorescence, and radio detectors covering energies ranging from 0.1 EeV up to 100 EeV.Special attention will be given to recent advances and results to provide a complete picture of UHECR mass composition at the Observatory as it moves to its next phase, AugerPrime.Additionally, specific updates will be given to studies focusing on mass trends from surface detector rise-times, max dependent anisotropies, and UHECR beam characterization using the correlation between max and signal amplitudes at the ground.

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“Measurement of the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays at the Pierre Auger Observatory” is a paper by Eric William Mayotte Adila Abdul Halim Pedro Abreu M. Aglietta I. Allekotte Kévin Almeida Cheminant A. Almela Roberto Aloisio J. Álvarez-Muñiz Juan Ammerman Yebra Gioacchino Alex Anastasi Luis A. Anchordoqui Belén Andrada S. Andringa C. Aramo Paulo Ricardo Araújo Ferreira Enrico Arnone Juan Carlos Arteaga Velázquez H. Asorey P. Assis G. Ávila Emanuele Avocone Alina Mihaela Badescu Alena Bakalová Alexandru Bălăceanu Felicia Barbato Adriel Bartz Mocellin J. A. Bellido C. Bérat M. Bertaina Gopal Bhatta Marta Bianciotto Peter L. Biermann Virginia Binet Kathrin Bismark Teresa Bister Jonathan Biteau Jiří Blažek C. Bleve J. Blümer M. Bohã̌cov́a Denise Boncioli C. Bonifazi Luan Bonneau Arbeletche N. Borodai Jeffrey Brack P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera Florian Lukas Briechle A. Bueno S. Buitink Mario Buscemi Max Büsken Anthony Bwembya K. S. Caballero‐Mora Sergio Cabana-Freire Lorenzo Caccianiga Ioana Caracas R. Caruso A. Castellina Fernando Catalani G. Cataldi L. Cazón Marcos Cerda Alessandro Cermenati Jose Chinellato J. Chudoba Ladislav Chytka R. W. Clay Agustín Cobos Cerutti Roberta Colalillo Alan Coleman Maria Rita Coluccia R. Conceição Antonio Condorelli G. Consolati Matteo Conte Fabio Convenga Diego Correia dos Santos Pedro J. Costa C. E. Covault M. Cristinziani Carlo Salvattore Cruz Sanchez S. Dasso K. Daumiller B. R. Dawson Rogério M. de Almeida Joaquin de Jesus Sijbrand J. de Jong João de Mello Neto I. De Mitri Jaime de Oliveira D. Franco F. de Palma Vítor de Souza Emanuele De Vito A. Del Popolo O. Deligny N. Denner Luca Deval Armando di Matteo Madalina Dobre C. Dobrigkeit Juan Carlos D’Olivo Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes Joao dos Anjos Rita Cassia dos Anjos Jan Ebr Fiona H. Ellwanger Mohamed Emam R. Engel Italo Epicoco Martin Erdmann A. Etchegoyen Carmelo Evoli H. Falcke John Farmer Glennys R. Farrar A. C. Fauth N. Fazzini Fridtjof Feldbusch Francesco Fenu Alexandra Fernandes B. Fick Juan Manuel Figueira Andrej Filipčič Thomas Fitoussi Benjamin Flaggs Tomáš Fodran Toshihiro Fujii Alan Fuster C. Galea Claudio Galelli Beatriz García Chloé Gaudu H. Gemmeke Flavia Gesualdi A. Gherghel-Lascu P. L. Ghia U. Giaccari M. Giammarchi Jonas Glombitza Fabian Gobbi Fernando Gollan G. Golup M. Gómez Berisso Primo F. Gómez Vitale Juan Pablo Gongora Juan Manuel González Nicolás Martín González Isabel Goos Dariusz Góra A. Gorgi Marvin Gottowik Trent D. Grubb F. Guarino G. P. Guedes Eleonora Guido Steffen Traugott Hahn P. Hamal Matías Rolf Hampel Patricia María Hansen D. Harari Violet M. Harvey A. Haungs T. Hebbeker C. Hojvat J. R. Hörandel Pavel Horváth Miroslav Hrabovský T. Huege A. Insolia P. G. Isar Petr Janeček Jeffrey A. Johnsen Jakub Jurýšek Alex Kääpä Karl-Heinz Kampert B. Keilhauer Abha Khakurdikar Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam H. O. Klages M. Kleifges Felix Knapp Norbert Kunka Bruno L. Lago Niklas Langner Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira Yago Lema-Capeans Vladimir Lenok A. Letessier‐Selvon I. Lhenry-Yvon Domenico Lo Presti L. Lopes Lu Lu Quentin Luce Jon Paul Lundquist Allan Machado Payeras Margita Majerčáková Dušan Mandát Bradley C. Manning P. Mantsch Sullivan Marafico Federico Maria Mariani Analisa Mariazzi Ioana Codrina Maris G. Marsella D. Martello Sara Martinelli O. Martínez Bravo Miguel A. Martins Massimo Mastrodicasa Hermann-Josef Mathes James Matthews G. Matthiae Sonja Mayotte Péter Mazur G. Medina-Tanco Janning Meinert D. Melo Alexander Menshikov Carmen Merx Stanislav Michal M. I. Micheletti L. Miramonti Silvia Mollerach F. Montanet Leonel Morejón C. Morello Ana L. Müller Katharine Mulrey R. Mussa Marco Stein Muzio Wilson M. Namasaka Shefali Negi Lukas Nellen Khoa D. Nguyen Gabriela Nicora Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu Marcus Niechciol D. Nitz Dalibor Nosek Vladimír Novotný Libor Nožka Achille Nucita Luis A. Núñez Cainã Oliveira M. Palatka J. Pallotta Shayoni Panja G. Parente Therese Paulsen Jannis Pawlowsky Miroslav Pech Jan Pękala R. Pelayo Luiz Augusto Pereira Edyvânia Emily Pereira Martins Johnnier Perez Armand Carmina Pérez Bertolli L. Perrone S. Petrera Camilla Petrucci T. Pierog M. Pimenta M. Platino Bjarni Pont Mart Pothast Mohsen Pourmohammad Shahvar P. Privitera Michael Prouza Andrew Puyleart S. Querchfeld J. Rautenberg D. Ravignani Maximilian Reininghaus J. Řídký Felix Riehn M. Risse Vincenzo Rizi W. Rodrigues de Carvalho Ezequiel Rodríguez Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo Matías J. Roncoroni Simone Rossoni Markus Roth Esteban Roulet A. C. Rovero Philip Ruehl A. Săftoiu Mohit Saharan F. Salamida H. Salazar G. Salina Jose Sanabria Gomez F. Sánchez Edivaldo Moura Santos Eva Santos F. Sarazin R. Sarmento R. Sato Pierpaolo Savina Christoph Schäfer V. Scherini H. Schieler Martin Schimassek Michael Schimp Felix Schlüter David Schmidt O. Schölten H. Schoorlemmer Petr Schovánek Frank G. Schröder Josina Schulte Tobias Schulz S. J. Sciutto Marina Scornavacche A. Segreto Srijan Sehgal Shima Ujjani Shivashankara Guenter Sigl Gaia Silli O. Sima F. Simon Raluca Smau R. Šmída P. Sommers Jorge F. Soriano R. Squartini Maximilian Stadelmaier Denis Stanca S. Stanič Jarosław Stasielak P. Stassi Simon Strähnz Maximilian Straub Mauricio Suárez-Durán T. Suomijärvi A. D. Supanitsky Zuzana Svozilikova Zbigniew Szadkowski Alex Tapia Carla Taricco C. Timmermans Olena Tkachenko Petr Tobiška C. J. Todero Peixoto B. Tomé Zoé Torrès Andres Travaini Petr Trávníček Caterina Trimarelli M. Tueros Michael Unger Lukáš Vaclavek Martin Vacula J. F. Valdés Galicia L. Valore Enrique Varela Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez D. Veberič Cynthia Ventura Indira D. Vergara Quispe V. Verzi Jakub Vícha Jacco Vink Jilek Vlastimil S. Vorobiov Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe Alan Watson A. Weindl L. Wiencke H. Wilczyński David Wittkowski B. Wundheiler Bin Yue A. Yushkov Orazio Zapparrata E. Zas D. Zavrtanik M. Zavrtanik published in 2023. It has an Open Access status of “hybrid”. You can read and download a PDF Full Text of this paper here.