M. Voutilainen

The silicon strip microvertex detector of the DELPHI experiment at the CERN LEP collider has been recently upgraded from two coordinates (RΦ only) to three coordinates reconstruction (RΦ and z). The new Microvertex detector consists of 125 952 readout channels, and uses novel techniques to obtain the third coordinate. These include the use of AC coupled double sided silicon detectors with strips orthogonal to each other on opposite sides of the detector wafer. The routing of signals from the z strips to the end of the detector modules is done with a second metal layer on the detector surface, thus keeping the material in the sensitive area to a minimum. Pairs of wafers are daisy chained, with the wafers within each pair flipped with respect to each other in order to minimize the load capacitance on the readout amplifiers. The design of the detector and its various components are described. Results on the performance of the new detector are presented, with special emphasis on alignment, intrinsic precision and impact parameter resolution. The new detector has been taking data since spring of 1994, performing up to design specifications.

Abstract New health technology assessment (HTA) models for digital health are continuously being developed and are already in use. In Finland, the HTA model for digital health, named Digi-HTA, has been employed since 2020. Internationally and also in Finland, the need for harmonization of these HTA models has been recognized. In order to harmonize the models, it is necessary to first identify the key features and requirements of existing models. In this study, three key assessment models for digital health identified as central in the Finnish context were analyzed. After the analysis, the results were compared to the Finnish Digi-HTA assessment model, and a final synthesis was created regarding the similarities and differences between the assessment models. The comparison includes German DiGA model, the global CEN-ISO/TS 82304-2:2021 technical specification, and the Nordic-designed NordDEC assessment model. There was a great deal of similarity in the evaluated models, although certain differences in emphasis were found. The key differences relate to reimbursement process, maturity of the assessment process and supported product categories as well as cost and effectiveness evaluation. The results of this study can be utilized in harmonizing assessment models for digital health.

We report on a measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy √s = 1.96 TeV using data collected by the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.70 fb -1 . The data cover jet transverse momenta from 50 to 600 GeV and jet rapidities in the range -2.4 to 2.4. Detailed studies of correlations between systematic uncertainties in transverse momentum and rapidity are presented, and the cross section measurements are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading order QCD calculations.

We summarize measurements of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] jet production at the LHC, which are an important signature and background for decays of massive particles such as [Formula: see text]. These include measurements of the inclusive and dijet production of heavy quark jets, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] jets produced in association with vector bosons [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and decays of boosted [Formula: see text] bosons into pairs of [Formula: see text]. The current status of [Formula: see text] tagging and [Formula: see text] jet energy scale is also reviewed. These measurements test perturbative QCD in the four and five-flavor number schemes, and provide insight into the relative importance of heavy flavor production through flavor creation, flavor excitation and gluon splitting channels. The [Formula: see text] measurement provides additionally a powerful way to probe the strange quark and antiquark sea in the proton. The recent studies looking separately at production of one and two [Formula: see text] jets find generally good agreement with theory predictions for two [Formula: see text]-jet production, while some discrepancies are observed for singly produced [Formula: see text] jets, particularly at large [Formula: see text]-jet [Formula: see text], where gluon splitting becomes dominant.

This study shows a comparison and analysis of results from a modelling exercise concerning a field experiment involving the transport and retention of different radionuclide tracers in crystalline rock. This exercise was performed within the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) Task Force on Modelling of Groundwater Flow and Transport of Solutes (Task Force GWFTS).Task 9B of the Task Force GWFTS was the second subtask within Task 9 and focused on the modelling of experimental results from the Long Term Sorption Diffusion Experiment in situ tracer test. The test had been performed at a depth of about 410m in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. Synthetic groundwater containing a cocktail of radionuclide tracers was circulated for 198 days on the natural surface of a fracture and in a narrow slim hole drilled in unaltered rock matrix. Overcoring of the rock after the end of the test allowed for the measurement of tracer distribution profiles in the rock from the fracture surface (A cores) and also from the slim hole (D cores). The measured tracer activities in the rock samples showed long profiles (several cm) for non- or weakly-sorbing tracers (Cl-36, Na-22), but also for many of the more strongly-sorbing radionuclides. The understanding of this unexpected feature was one of the main motivations for this modelling exercise. However, re-evaluation and revision of the data during the course of Task 9B provided evidence that the anomalous long tails at low activities for strongly sorbing tracers were artefacts due to cross-contamination during rock sample preparation. A few data points remained for Cs-137, Ba-133, Ni-63 and Cd-109, but most measurements at long distances from the tracer source (>10mm) were now below the reported detection limits.Ten different modelling teams provided results for this exercise, using different concepts and codes. The tracers that were finally considered were Na-22, Cl-36, Co-57, Ni-63, Ba-133, Cs-137, Cd-109, Ra-226 and Np-237. Three main types of models were used: i) analytical solutions to the transport-retention equations, ii) continuum-porous-medium numerical models, and iii) microstructure-based models accounting for small-scale heterogeneity (i.e. mineral grains, porosities and/or microfracture distributions) and potential centimetre-scale fractures. The modelling by the different teams led to some important conclusions, concerning for instance the presence of a disturbed zone (a few mm in thickness) next to the fracture surface and to the wall of the slim hole and the role of micro-fractures and cm-scale fractures in the transport of weakly sorbing tracers. These conclusions could be reached after the re-evaluation and revision of the experimental data (tracer profiles in the rock) and the analysis of the different sets of model results provided by the different teams.

A numerical reactive transport model for crystalline rocks is developed and evaluated. The model is based on mineral maps generated by X-ray micro computed tomography (X-μCT); the maps used have a resolution of approximately 30 μm and the rock samples are on the cm scale. A computational grid for the intergranular space is generated and a micro-DFN (Discrete Fracture Network) model governs the grid properties. A particle tracking method (Time Domain Random Walk) is used for transport simulations. The basic concept of the model can now be formulated as follows; "when a particle is close to a reactive mineral surface it has a certain probability to get sorbed during a certain time span. Once sorbed it will remain so a certain time". The model requires a number of input parameters that represent the sorption properties of the reactive minerals. Attempts are made to relate the parameters to traditional distribution parameters. The model is evaluated by comparisons with recent laboratory experimental data. These experiments consider two rock types (veined gneiss and pegmatitic granite) and two radionuclides (cesium and barium). It is concluded that the new reactive transport model can simulate the experimental data in a consistent and realistic way.

We have tested the detection performance of a strip detector processed on silicon wafer grown by magnetic Czochralski (MCZ) method. This is the first time a full size Czochralski detector has been tested in a beam, although the advantages of CZ silicon have been known before. Prior to test beam measurements, the electrical characteristics of the Czochralski silicon detectors were found to be appropriate for particle detection. Using the Helsinki Silicon Beam telescope at CERN H2 test beam, the performance of the Czochralski silicon detector was shown to be comparable with the existing silicon strip detectors.

A number of recent measurements from D0 that can be used to constrain parton distributions and tune QCD Monte Carlo models are presented. The selection includes W charge asymmetry, Z+jet event properties, dijet azimuthal decorrelations and the inclusive jet cross section.

of the inclusive jet spectra, obtained with different jet reconstruction methods, the ratio of the inclusive three-jet over two-jet cross sections as a function of the total jet transverse momentum HT , hadronic event shapes as determined from jet momenta, azimuthal decorrelations between the two leading jets, and dijet angular distributions. Finally, we also present a study of the jet transverse structure, the charged hadrons multiplicity in jets and the longitudinal and transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons relative to the jet axis. Many of these analyses are based on ratio quantities, where important experimental systematic uncertainties and most notably the luminosity uncertainty cancel.

We have developed a novel data acquisition system for measuring tracking parameters of a silicon detector in a particle beam. The system is based on a commercial Analog-to-Digital VME module and a PC Linux based Data Acquisition System. This DAQ is realized with C++ code using object-oriented techniques. Track parameters for the beam particles were reconstructed using off-line analysis code and automatic detector position alignment algorithm. The new DAQ was used to test novel Czochralski type silicon detectors. The important silicon detector parameters, including signal size distributions and signal to noise distributions, were successfully extracted from the detector under study. The efficiency of the detector was measured to be 95 %, the resolution about 10 micrometers, and the signal to noise ratio about 10.

In order to better understand the micrometer-scale structure of rock and its transport properties which arise from it, seven monomineral samples from two sites (Olkiluoto and Sievi, Finland) were studied with micro- and nano-tomography and scanning electron microscopy and six rock samples from two sites (Olkiluoto and Grimsel) were studied with micro– and nanotomography before and after immersion in supersaturated CsCl. The micrometer-scale mineral structure of the monomineral samples was observed together with their pores and fissures, and alteration effects were identified whenever applicable. Caesium infiltration was seen in both immersed rock samples. All figures are 2D cross sections of 3D tomographic images, where a lighter grayscale value indicates a more dense mineral. 2013: MONOMINERAL SAMPLES  The aim was to study microstructure of rock in nano– and micrometer-scale and to see if X-ray tomography can be used to study the effects of alteration in micrometer-scale.  Two different samples to study: slightly altered veined gneiss from Olkiluoto and heavily altered tonalite from Sievi.  Mineral compositions and alteration were studied with SEM/EDS Figure 1. Cross sections of the Olkiluoto potassium feldspar sample (left) and the first Sievi plagioclase (albite) sample (right) as determined by X-ray micro-tomography.

We summarize measurements of b and c jet production at the LHC, which are an important signature and background for decays of massive particles such as H-to-b-bbar. These include measurements of the inclusive and dijet production of heavy quark jets, b and c jets produced in association with vector bosons Z and W, and decays of boosted Z bosons into pairs of b-bbar. The current status of b tagging and b jet energy scale is also reviewed. These measurements test perturbative QCD in the four and five-flavor number schemes, and provide insight into the relative importance of heavy flavor production through flavor creation, flavor excitation and gluon splitting channels. The W+c measurement provides additionally a powerful way to probe the strange quark and antiquark sea in the proton. The recent studies looking separately at production of one and two b jets find generally good agreement with theory predictions for two b-jet production, while some discrepancies are observed for singly produced b jets, particularly at large b-jet pT , where gluon splitting becomes dominant.

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We summarize measurements of b and c jet production at the LHC, which are an important signature and background for decays of massive particles such as H-to-b-bbar. These include measurements of the inclusive and dijet production of heavy quark jets, b and c jets produced in association with vector bosons Z and W, and decays of boosted Z bosons into pairs of b-bbar. The current status of b tagging and b jet energy scale is also reviewed. These measurements test perturbative QCD in the four and five-flavor number schemes, and provide insight into the relative importance of heavy flavor production through flavor creation, flavor excitation and gluon splitting channels. The W+c measurement provides additionally a powerful way to probe the strange quark and antiquark sea in the proton. The recent studies looking separately at production of one and two b jets find generally good agreement with theory predictions for two b-jet production, while some discrepancies are observed for singly produced b jets, particularly at large b-jet pT , where gluon splitting becomes dominant.

We review recent experimental work on probing QCD at high p T at the Tevatron and at the LHC.The Tevatron has just finished a long and illustrious career at the forefront of high energy physics, while the LHC now has its physics program in full swing and is producing results at a quick rate in a new energy regime.Many of the LHC measurements extend well into the TeV range, with potential sensitivity to new physics.The experimental systematics at the LHC are also becoming competitive with the Tevatron, making precision measurements of QCD possible.Measurements of inclusive jet, dijet and isolated prompt photon production can be used to test perturbative QCD predictions and to constrain parton distribution functions, as well as to measure the strong coupling constant.More exclusive topologies are used to constrain aspects of parton shower modeling, initial and final state radiation.Interest in boosted heavy resonances has resulted in novel studies of jet mass and subjet structure that also test perturbative QCD predictions and parton shower models.Studies of V+jets, including heavy flavor jets, constrain important backgrounds to single top, Higgs boson searches and new physics searches.At the highest mass scales, measurements of dijet mass and dijet angular distributions are sensitive probes of new physics.

We report on an extensive list of analyses that test QCD predictions for jet production in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment.The list includes a measurement of the inclusive jet spectra, obtained with different jet reconstruction methods, the ratio of the inclusive three-jet over two-jet cross sections as a function of the total jet transverse momentum H T , hadronic event shapes as determined from jet momenta, azimuthal decorrelations between the two leading jets, and dijet angular distributions.Finally, we also present a study of the jet transverse structure, the charged hadrons multiplicity in jets and the longitudinal and transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons relative to the jet axis.Many of these analyses are based on ratio quantities, where important experimental systematic uncertainties and most notably the luminosity uncertainty cancel.

This thesis studies the high-energy collisions of protons and antiprotons. The data used in the measurement were collected during 2004-2005 with the D0 detector at the Tevatron Collider of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and correspond to 0.7 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. High energy hadron collisions usually produce collimated sprays of particles called jets. The energy of the jets is measured using a liquid Argon-Uranium calorimeter and the production angle is determined with the help of silicon microstrip and scintillating fiber trackers. The inclusive jet cross section in proton-antiproton collisions is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum pT in six bins of jet rapidity at the center-of-mass energy √s = 1.96 TeV. The measurement covers jet transerve momenta from 50 GeV up to 600 GeV and jet rapidities up to |y| = 2.4. The data are collected using a set of seven single jet triggers. Event and jet cuts are applied to remove non-physical backgrounds and cosmic-ray interactions. The data are corrected for jet energy calibration, cut and trigger efficiencies and finite jet pT resolution. The corrections are determined from data and the methods are tested with Monte Carlo simulation. The main experimental challenges in the measurement are the calibration of jet energies and the determination of the jet pT resolution. New methods are developed for the jet energy calibration that take into account physical differences between the {gamma}+jet and dijet calibration samples arising from quark and gluon jet differences. The uncertainty correlations are studied and provided as a set of uncertainty sources. The production of particle jets in hadron collisions is described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). When the transverse jet momentum is large, the contributions from long-distance physics processes are small and the production rates of jets can be predicted by perturbative QCD. The inclusive jet cross section in p$\bar{p}$ collisions at large pT is directly sensitive to the strong coupling constant (αs) and the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. This measurement can be used to constrain the PDFs, in particular the gluon PDF at high proton momentum fraction x, and to look for quark substructure at the TeV scale. The data are compared to the theory predictions with perturbative QCD in the next-to-leading order precision and a good agreement between data and theory is observed.

Les donnees etudiees dans cette these, correspondant a des collisions proton-antiproton a haute energie, ont ete collectees pendant 2004-2005 avec le detecteur D0 aupres de l'accelerateur Tevatron a Fermilab (Chicago, Etats-Unis) et correspondent a une luminosite integree de 0. 7 fb-1. Les collisions entre des hadrons a haute energie produisent habituellement des ensembles de particules collimatees appeles jets. La section efficace inclusive de production de jets dans des collisions proton-antiproton est mesuree en fonction de leur impulsion transverse dans six intervalles en rapidite y jusqu'a |y|=2. 4 avec une energie dans le centre de masse de 1. 96 TeV. Les corrections des donnees incluent la calibration en energie des jets, les efficacites des selections et des declenchements, et la resolution en impulsion transverse des jets. Les corrections sont determinees a partir des donnees et comparees aux resultats d'une simulation Monte Carlo du detecteur. De nouvelles methodes ont ete developpees pour la calibration en energie des jets. Les correlations entre les incertitudes sont egalement etudiees en detail. La production de jets dans des collisions hadroniques est decrite par la Chromodynamique Quantique (QCD). Cette mesure peut etre utilisee pour contraindre les densites de partons (PDFs) dans le proton, en particulier la densite de gluon a grand x, la fraction d'impulsion du proton transportee par le quark qui interagit. Les donnees sont comparees aux previsions de la theorie QCD perturbative a l'ordre suivant les logarithmes dominants, et un bon accord entre les donnees et la theorie est observee.

This document summarises the talks and discussions happened during the VBSCan Split17 workshop, the first general meeting of the VBSCan COST Action network. This collaboration is aiming at a consistent and coordinated study of vector-boson scattering from the phenomenological and experimental point of view, for the best exploitation of the data that will be delivered by existing and future particle colliders.

SummaryThe porosity distribution and mineralogical changes in a clay-rich fault core from the Tournemire underground research laboratory are analyzed to determine the mechano-chemical processes in a small-scale vertical strike-slip fault. The results display significant spatial variations in porosity and mineralogy along different gouge zones due to a polyphased tectonic history combined with complex paleo-fluid migrations. Porosity values increase from the center of the gouges to their borders indicating diffusive sealing/healing effects and past hydrothermal activities. The healing and thus the strengthening of the fault is marked by an increase of calcium content, which is concurrent with lower porosities around the gouge zone. Chemical mapping in the gouges reveal clay alteration, iron zonality and the presence of zinc sulphide as well as barium sulphate inside the gouge, further suggesting past hydrothermal activity. Finally, even though the observed porosity variations only occur in subcentimeter-thick gouge bands, the higher porosity sections are pathways for fluid flow during fault activity.

We present a new preliminary measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in pp-bar collisions based on a integrated luminosity of about 0.8 fb-1. The data were acquired using the D0 detector between 2002 and 2005. Jets are reconstructed using an iterative cone algorithm with radius R_cone = 0.7. The inclusive jet cross section is presented as a function of transverse jet momentum and rapidity. Predictions from perturbative QCD in next-to-leading order, plus threshold corrections in 2-loop accuracy describe the shape in the transverse jet momentum.

We review the possible effects of the miscalibration of the flavor-dependent Jet Energy Corrections ($F_{\mathrm{Corr}}$) on the DØ lepton+jets top mass measurement. The work is based on a previous study, where the DØ $F_{\mathrm{Corr}}$ calibration procedure was repeated based on the release of the internal DØ notes after a 5-year moratorium. The cited study was motivated by the extraordinary precision claimed by DØ in their top mass measurement. Using a Pythia6-based $F_{\mathrm{Corr}}$ recalibration, the $m_t$ result was shifted from 174.95 to 173.16 GeV. Moreover, utilizing a Herwig7-based $F_{\mathrm{Corr}}$ calibration (not accounted for in DØ studies), a shift down to 171.84 GeV was observed. We find this both convincing and specific evidence for re-reviewing a part of the $F_{\mathrm{Corr}}$ calibration process. However, DØ has been unwilling to open such studies or to provide other convincing counter-evidence.