Kevin Stenson

From a sample of 1172 +/- 61 D(+)-->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+) decays, we find gamma(D(+)-->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+))/gamma(D(+)-->K-pi(+)pi(+)) = 0.0311 +/- 0.0018(+0.0016)(-0.0026). Using a coherent amplitude analysis to fit the Dalitz plot of these decays, we find strong evidence that a scalar resonance of mass 478(+24)(-23) +/- 17 MeV/c(2) and width 324(+42)(-40) +/- 21 MeV/c(2) accounts for approximately half of all decays.

We study the Dalitz plot of the decay D(+)-->K(-)pi(+)pi(+) with a sample of 15090 events from Fermilab experiment E791. Modeling the decay amplitude as the coherent sum of known Kpi resonances and a uniform nonresonant term, we do not obtain an acceptable fit. If we allow the mass and width of the K(*)(0)(1430) to float, we obtain values consistent with those from PDG but the chi(2) per degree of freedom of the fit is still unsatisfactory. A good fit is found when we allow for the presence of an additional scalar resonance, with mass 797+/-19+/-43 MeV/c(2) and width 410+/-43+/-87 MeV/c(2). The mass and width of the K(*)(0)(1430) become 1459+/-7+/-5 MeV/c(2) and 175+/-12+/-12 MeV/c(2), respectively. Our results provide new information on the scalar sector in hadron spectroscopy.

From a sample of 848+/-44 D(+)(s)-->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+) decays, we find gamma(D(+)(s)-->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+))/gamma(D(+)(s)-->straight phipi(+)) = 0.245+/-0.028(+0.019)(-0.012). Using a Dalitz plot analysis of this three body decay, we find significant contributions from the channels rho(0)(770)pi(+), rho(0)(1450)pi(+), f(0)(980)pi(+), f(2)(1270)pi(+), and f(0)(1370)pi(+). We also present the values obtained for masses and widths of the resonances f(0)(980) and f(0)(1370).

Fears about macro-level crime join those about local volume crime, inter-communal conflicts and governance emerging to manage them, presenting challenges for analysing commonalities and differences at various spatial levels. Governance theories crystallize in debates about security. Realist governmentality theory transcends discourse analysis of mentalities of government, and a focus on security, arguing that security practices manifest the struggle by local state institutions for sovereign control over populations and territories (biopolitics). Illustrated by rural and urban examples of biopolitical struggles, this highlights interaction between official and informal biopolitics, the latter involving communal groups attempting to govern from below. This creates tensions between universalistic/liberal, and particularistic, nationalist agendas, and also the recognition of multi-cultural, communal identities and interests.

Chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking play an important role both in the light hadron and heavy hadron systems. The chiral perturbation theory (χPT) is the low energy effective field theory of the Quantum Chromodynamics. In this work, we shall review the investigations on the chiral corrections to the properties of the heavy mesons and baryons within the framework of χPT. We will also review the scatterings of the light pseudoscalar mesons and heavy hadrons, through which many new resonances such as the Ds0∗(2317) could be understood.Moreover, many new hadron states were observed experimentally in the past decades. A large group of these states is near-threshold resonances, such as the charged charmoniumlike Zc and Zcs states, bottomoniumlike Zb states, hidden-charm pentaquark Pc and Pcs states and the doubly charmed Tcc state, etc. They are very good candidates of the loosely bound molecular states composed of a pair of charmed (bottom) hadrons, which are very similar to the loosely bound deuteron. The modern nuclear force was built upon the chiral effective field theory (χEFT), which is the extension of the χPT to the systems with two matter fields. The long-range and medium-long-range interactions between two nucleons arise from the single- and double-pion exchange respectively, which are well constrained by the chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking. The short-distance interactions can be described by the low energy constants. Such a framework works very well for the nucleon–nucleon scattering and nuclei. In this work, we will perform an extensive review of the progress on the heavy hadronic molecular states within the framework of χEFT. We shall emphasize that the same chiral dynamics not only govern the nuclei and forms the deuteron, but also dictates the shallow bound states or resonances composed of two heavy hadrons.

We present the first direct measurements of the pion valence-quark momentum distribution which is related to the square of the pion light-cone wave function. The measurements were carried out using data on diffractive dissociation of 500GeV/c π− into dijets from a platinum target at Fermilab experiment E791. The results show that the |q¯q⟩ light-cone asymptotic wave function describes the data well for Q2∼10(GeV/c)2 or more. We also measured the transverse momentum distribution of the diffractive dijets.Received 18 October 2000DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4768©2001 American Physical Society

We have studied the diffractive dissociation into dijets of 500 GeV/c pions scattering coherently from carbon and platinum targets. Extrapolating to asymptotically high energies (where t(min)-->0), we find that when the per-nucleus cross section for this process is parametrized as sigma = sigma0Aalpha, alpha has values near 1.6, the exact result depending on jet transverse momentum. These values are in agreement with those predicted by theoretical calculations of color-transparency.

Abstract Community policing and practices are rooted in British policing traditions and must be understood as attempts to deal with the internally generated dilemmas of liberal mentalities.By contrast with pre-liberal dystopian images of the totally policed society, Peel's new police signified as a historical settlement between the governmental concerns with sovereignty, disciplinary control and the knowledge and regulation of populations. This created enduring but misleading public representations of policing as law enforcement and crime control, removed from the political sphere.Although, as elsewhere, public policing agencies were involved in the whole range of governmental tasks.The politicized rhetorics of community policing signal a rejection of narrow, reactive law enforcement and depoliticized images of policing.In turn these signal a restructing of the linkages between governing agencies in both 'public' and 'community' spheres, during a period of neo-liberal reform.The elements of community policing are deployed in a range of political programmes and the a paper points to dilemmas in the tensions between law enforcement and working with the grain of local communal norms.

Résumé Les chercheurs en gouvernementalité explorent les nouveaux modes post-keynesiens et pluralistes de la gouverne publique en articulant les organismes étatiques et non-étatiques. L'insistance sur la «gouvernance d'en haut» doit être complétée, notamment dans les espaces urbains, par celle dévolue à la «gouvernance d'en bas» par des acteurs non-étatiques. La «gouvernance d'en bas» peut impliquer des acteurs allant d'associations commerciales et d'initiatives populaires au crime organisé et aux réseaux paramilitaires opérant dans les villes, au-delà de la souveraineté de l'État, au sein et entre les nations. Dans les pays riches et pauvres, de telles pratiques peuvent être conflictuelles mais peuvent aussi être inscrites dans des formes de gouverne publique. Cet article conteste l'idée que la gouvernance d'en bas comble un vide laissé par le désengagement de l'État-nation. Ces développements témoignent plutôt de complexes formes de réarticulation de la gouvernance d'en haut comme d'en bas, qui peuvent parfoir renforcer l'autorité légale de l'État.

Writers from within the Foucauldian govern mentality school have characterised recent governmental trends, associated with neo-liberal political rationalities, as manifestations of the death of the collectivist and universalist character of the 'social'. However, the unfolding of these developments varies both between and within nation-states. Drawing upon a discourse analysis of two local government texts from a local authority district in south-east England, the paper emphasises that at this local level the 'social' is reformulated rather than displaced in the way that the grand narrative of the 'decline of the social' implies. In both documents, albeit in different ways, neo-liberal discourse operates in tension with a continuing emphasis upon appearing to maintain equitable and universally legitimate service provision. This amounts not to the death, but rather to a reformulation, of the social.

Criminology has been significantly influenced by governmentality studies and the social constructionist perspective on social problems. Despite emerging in distinctive academic networks, this article elaborates how both programmes similarly focus on the simultaneous governance and constitution of problematized—often moralized or criminalized—conduct; imagine plurality, temporality and continuous failure of their subject matters; and presume language is constitutive. These similarities are discussed in order to show how the governmentality project in relation to criminology can learn from the social constructionist perspective on social problems. Using empirical illustrations, it is shown how governmentality studies can benefit from adopting constructionism’s concept of claims-making activities; attention to context; and earlier acceptance of the futility of cutting the cord with ‘the real’.

Globalisation has led to increasing cultural and religious diversity in cities around the world. What are the implications for young people growing up in these settings? How do they develop their religious identities, and what roles do families, friends and peers, teachers, religious leaders and wider cultural influences play in the process? Furthermore, how do members of similar and different cultural and faith backgrounds get on together, and what can young people tell us about reducing conflict and promoting social solidarity amid diversity? Youth On Religion outlines the findings from a unique large-scale project investigating the meaning of religion to young people in three multi-faith locations. Drawing on survey data from over 10,000 young people with a range of faith positions, as well as a series of fascinating interviews, discussion groups and diary reports involving 160 adolescents, this book examines myriad aspects of their daily lives. It provides the most comprehensive account yet of the role of religion for young people growing up in contemporary, multicultural urban contexts. Youth On Religion is a rigorous and engaging account of developing religiosity in a changing society. It presents young people’s own perspectives on their attitudes and experiences and how they negotiate their identities. The book will be an instructive and valuable resource for psychologists, sociologists, criminologists, educationalists and anthropologists, as well as youth workers, social workers and anyone working with young people today. It will also provide essential understanding for policy makers tackling issues of multiculturalism in advanced societies.

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the prospects for B physics at the Tevatron. The work was carried out during a series of workshops starting in September 1999. There were four working groups: 1) CP Violation, 2) Rare and Semileptonic Decays, 3) Mixing and Lifetimes, 4) Production, Fragmentation and Spectroscopy. The report also includes introductory chapters on theoretical and experimental tools emphasizing aspects of B physics specific to hadron colliders, as well as overviews of the CDF, D0, and BTeV detectors, and a Summary.

Using the large hadroproduced charm sample collected in experiment E791 at Fermilab, we report the first directly measured constraint on the decay-width difference Delta Gamma for the mass eigenstates of the D0-D0bar system. We obtain our result from lifetime measurements of the decays D0 --> K-pi+ and D0 --> K-K+, under the assumption of CP invariance, which implies that the CP eigenstates and the mass eigenstates are the same. The lifetime of D0 --> K-K+ (the CP-even final state is \tau_KK = 0.410 +/- 0.011 +/- 0.006 ps, and the lifetime of D0 --> K-pi+ (an equal mixture of CP-odd and CP-even final states is tau_Kpi = 0.413 +/- 0.003 +/- 0.004 ps. The decay-width difference is Delta Gamma = 2(Gamma_KK - Gamma_Kpi) = 0.04 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.05 ps^-1. We relate these measurements to measurements of mixing in the neutral D-meson system.

We describe the algorithm used to identify charged tracks in the fixed-target charm-photoproduction experiment FOCUS.

Using a large sample of D0→K−μ+ν and D0→π−μ+ν decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present new measurements of the q2 dependence for the f+(q2) form factor. These measured f+(q2) form factors are fit to common parameterizations such as the pole dominance form and compared to recent unquenched Lattice QCD calculations. We find mpole=1.93±0.05±0.03GeV/c2 for D0→K−μ+ν and mpole=1.91−0.15+0.30±0.07GeV/c2 for D0→π−μ+ν and f−(K)(0)/f+(K)(0)=−1.7−1.4+1.5±0.3.

Using data collected by the high-energy photoproduction experiment FOCUS at Fermilab we performed a Dalitz plot analysis of the Cabibbo favored decay D+→K−π+π+. This study uses 53653 Dalitz-plot events with a signal fraction of ∼97%, and represents the highest statistics, most complete Dalitz plot analysis for this channel. Results are presented and discussed using two different formalisms. The first is a simple sum of Breit–Wigner functions with freely fitted masses and widths. It is the model traditionally adopted and serves as comparison with the already published analyses. The second uses a K-matrix approach for the dominant S-wave, in which the parameters are fixed by first fitting Kπ scattering data and continued to threshold by Chiral Perturbation Theory. We show that the Dalitz plot distribution for this decay is consistent with the assumption of two-body dominance of the final state interactions and the description of these interactions is in agreement with other data on the Kπ final state.

We report the result of a search for ${D}^{0}\overline{D}{}^{0}$ mixing in the data from hadroproduction experiment E791 at Fermilab. We use the charge of the pion from the strong decay ${D}^{*+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ (and charge conjugate) to identify the charm quantum number of the neutral $D$ at production, and the charge of the lepton and the kaon in the semileptonic decays ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Ke}\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $K\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}$ to identify the charm at the time of decay. No evidence of mixing is seen. We set a 90% confidence level upper limit on mixing of $r<0.50%$, where $r\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\gamma}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{D}{}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{l}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{l})/\ensuremath{\gamma}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{l}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{l})$.

Using data from FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present a model independent partial-wave analysis of the K−π+ S-wave amplitude from the decay D+→K−π+π+. The S-wave is a generic complex function to be determined directly from the data fit. The P- and D-waves are parameterized by a sum of Breit–Wigner amplitudes. The measurement of the S-wave amplitude covers the whole elastic range of the K−π+ system.

1. Introduction: a guide to the chapters Part 1: Crime, Liberalism and Risk 1. The new politics of crime control, Kevin Stenson 2. The schizophrenic state: neo-liberal criminal justice, Robert R. Sullivan Part 2: Community initiatives and risk 3. Risk and correctional practice, Todd Clear and Eric Cadora 4. Crime control and advanced liberal government: the 'third way' and the return of the local, Kevin Stenson and Adam Edwards Part 3: Policing and the risk society 5. Risk, crime and prudentialism revisited, Pat O'Malley 6. Loose connections and new directions: Neo-liberalism, new public managerialism and the modernisation of policing in Britain, Eugene McLaughlin and Karim Murji Part 4: Criminal Justice and Risk 7. 'Entitlement to cruelty': the end of welfare and the punitive mentality in the United States, Jonathan Simon 8. Punishment, rights and difference: defending justice in the risk society, Barbara Hudson Part 5: The media, crime and risk 9. Casino Culture: Media and crime in a winner-loser society, Robert Reiner, Sonia Livingstone and Jessica Allen 10. 'Bringing it all back home': populism, media coverage and the dynamics of locality and globality in the politics of crime control, Richard Sparks 11. American television, crime and the risk society, Philip Green

We report results of the first search for the pentaquark ${P}_{\overline{c}s}$ which is predicted to be a doublet of states: ${P}_{\overline{c}s}^{0}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}|\overline{c}\mathrm{suud}〉$ and ${P}_{\overline{c}s}^{\ensuremath{-}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}|\overline{c}\mathrm{sddu}〉$. A search was made for the decay ${P}_{\overline{c}s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\pi}p$ in data from Fermilab experiment E791, in which a $500\mathrm{GeV}/c$ ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ beam interacted with nuclear targets. We present upper limits at 90% confidence level for the ratio of cross section times branching fraction of this decay to that for the decay ${D}_{s}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\varphi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$. The upper limits vary between 0.022 and 0.046 for $M({P}_{\overline{c}s}^{0})$ between $2.750$ and $2.907\mathrm{GeV}{/c}^{2}$, assuming a ${P}_{\overline{c}s}^{0}$ lifetime of 0.4 ps.

We present results of a search for D0-D0bar mixing and doubly-Cabibbo-suppressed decays of the D0 in Fermilab experiment E791, a fixed-target charm hadroproduction experiment. We look for evidence of mixing in the decay chain D* -> pi D0 -> (K pi or K pi pi pi). If the charge of the pion from the D* decay is the same as the charge of the kaon from the D decay (a ``wrong-sign'' event), mixing may have occurred. Mixing can be distinguished from other sources of wrong-sign events (such as doubly-Cabibbo-suppressed decays) by analyzing the distribution of decay times. We see no evidence of mixing. Allowing for possible CP violation, our results for r_{mix}, the ratio of mixed to unmixed decays, are r_{mix}(D0bar -> D0)=(0.18_{-0.39}^{+0.43} +- 0.17)% and r_{mix}(D0 -> D0bar)=(0.70_{-0.53}^{+0.58} +- 0.18)%. The sensitivity of these results is comparable to that of previous measurements, but the assumptions made in fitting the data are notably more general. We present results from many fits to our data under various assumptions. If we assume r_{mix} = 0, we find that the ratios of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays to Cabibbo-favored decays are r_{dcs}(K pi) =(0.68_{-0.33}^{+0.34} +- 0.07)% and r_{dcs}(K pi pi pi)=(0.25_{-0.34}^{+0.36} +- 0.03)%.

Using data from the FOCUS (E831) experiment, we have searched for T violation in charm meson decays using the four-body decay channels $D^0 \to K^-K^+\pi^-\pi^+$, $D^+ \to K^0_SK^+\pi^-\pi^+$, and $D^+_s \to K^0_SK^+\pi^-\pi^+$. The T violation asymmetry is obtained using triple-product correlations and assuming the validity of the CPT theorem. We find the asymmetry values to be $A_Tviol (D^0) = 0.010 \pm 0.057(stat.) \pm 0.037(syst.)$, $A_Tviol (D^+) = 0.023 \pm 0.062(stat.) \pm 0.022(syst.)$, and $A_Tviol (D^+_s) = -0.036 \pm 0.067(stat.) \pm 0.023(syst.)$. Each measurement is consistent with no T violation. New measurements of the CP asymmetries for some of these decay modes are also presented.

Using a large sample of D+ to K- pi+ mu+ nu decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present new measurements of two semileptonic form factor ratios: rv and r2. We find rv = 1.504 \pm 0.057 \pm 0.039 and r2 = 0.875 \pm 0.049 \pm 0.064. Our form factor results include the effects of the s-wave interference discussed in a previous paper.

We present a Kπ mass spectrum analysis of the four-body semileptonic charm decay D+→K−π+μ+ν in the range of 0.65GeV/c2<mKπ<1.5GeV/c2. We observe a non-resonant contribution of 5.30±0.74−0.96+0.99% with respect to the total D+→K−π+μ+ν decay. For the K∗(892)0 resonance, we obtain a mass of 895.41±0.32−0.43+0.35MeV/c2, a width of 47.79±0.86−1.06+1.32MeV/c2, and a Blatt–Weisskopf damping factor parameter of 3.96±0.54−0.90+1.31GeV−1. We also report 90% CL upper limits of 4% and 0.64% for the branching ratios Γ(D+→K¯∗(1680)0μ+ν)Γ(D+→K−π+μ+ν) and Γ(D+→K¯0∗(1430)0μ+ν)Γ(D+→K−π+μ+ν), respectively.

We present an analysis of the decay D0→K+π− based on FOCUS data. From a sample of 234 signal events, we find a branching ratio of Γ(D0→K+π−)Γ(D0→K−π+)=(0.429−0.061+0.063±0.027)% under the assumptions of no mixing and no CP violation. Allowing for CP violation, we find a branching ratio of (0.429±0.063±0.028)% and a CP asymmetry of 0.18±0.14±0.04. The branching ratio for the case of mixing with no CP violation is (0.381−0.163+0.167±0.092)%. We also present limits on charm mixing.

Policing in England and Wales has been regularly beset in recent decades by accusations of discriminatory treatment and practice in relation to local minority ethnic communities. Among the most significant of these in recent times were events surrounding the investigation of the murder of Stephen Lawrence in south-east London in 1993 in what an inquest jury later described as a ‘completely unprovoked racist attack’. Following a flawed initial investigation and a deluge of ‘extraordinary’ and ‘unsatisfactory’ police activity (Macpherson 1999: 2.1:3), the case attained increasing political momentum (Rock 2004), becoming both symbolic of the problem of racist violence in Britain and the inadequacy of policies to address it, and the focus of concerns about problematic police-community relations more broadly (Bowling 1999; Downes and Morgan 2002).

We report the results of a search for flavor-changing neutral current, lepton-flavor violating, and lepton-number violating decays of D+, Ds+, and D0 mesons (and their antiparticles) into modes containing muons and electrons. Using data from Fermilab charm hadroproduction experiment E791, we examine the πℓℓ and Kℓℓ decay modes of D+ and Ds+ and the ℓ+ℓ− decay modes of D0. No evidence for any of these decays is found. Therefore, we present branching-fraction upper limits at 90% confidence level for the 24 decay modes examined. Eight of these modes have no previously reported limits, and fourteen are reported with significant improvements over previously published results.

This paper argues that we should beyond views of social work which highlight its role as either the provider of benevolent, professional care, or as the medium for the operation of negative, repressive forms of social control. Rather, it is best viewed as an element of productive governmental practices which create and operate within regimes of truth. These regimes identify and limit the objects, concerns and subject positions of key participants within practice. At root, social work mediates between the mass of established citizens and the excluded stigmatized minorities, both monitoring and judging the lives of clients and attempting to equip clients with the knowledge and skills for a self-regulating citizenship. Through an analysis of interview transcripts, the paper identifies the complex, indirect techniques involved in interview practice and some of the barriers to social work aims in the exchanges between textually based, professional discourses and residually oral based client discourses.

A high-statistics sample of photoproduced charm from the FOCUS experiment has been used to search for direct CP violation in the decay rates for D+-->K(S)pi+ and D+-->K(S)K+. We have measured the following asymmetry parameters relative to D+-->K-pi+pi+: A(CP)(K(S)pi+) = (-1.6+/-1.5+/-0.9)%, A(CP)(K(S)K+) = (+6.9+/-6.0+/-1.5)%, and A(CP)(K(S)K+) = (+7.1+/-6.1+/-1.2)% relative to D+-->K(S)pi+. We have also measured the relative branching ratios and found Gamma(D+-->K(0)pi+)/Gamma(D+-->K-pi+pi+) = (30.60+/-0.46+/-0.32)%, Gamma(D+-->K(0)K+)/Gamma(D+-->K-pi+pi+) = (6.04+/-0.35+/-0.30)%, and Gamma(D+-->K(0)K+)/Gamma(D+-->K(0)pi+) = (19.96+/-1.19+/-0.96)%.

We review genetic programming principles, their application to FOCUS data samples, and use the method to study the doubly Cabibbo suppressed decay D+ -> K+ pi+ pi- relative to its Cabibbo favored counterpart, D+ -> K- pi+ pi+. We find that this technique is able to improve upon more traditional analysis methods. To our knowledge, this is the first application of the genetic programming technique to High Energy Physics data.

Using data from the FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present a new measurement of the weak decay-asymmetry parameter αΛc in Λc+→Λπ+ decay. Comparing particle with antiparticle decays, we obtain the first measurement of the CP violation parameter A≡αΛc+αΛ¯cαΛc−αΛ¯c. We obtain αΛc=−0.78±0.16±0.19 and A=−0.07±0.19±0.24 where errors are statistical and systematic.

This paper presents measurements of the production of Ds- mesons relative to Ds+ mesons as functions of x_F and square of p_t for a sample of 2445 Ds decays to phi pi. The Ds mesons were produced in Fermilab experiment E791 with 500 GeV/c pi- mesons incident on one platinum and four carbon foil targets. The acceptance-corrected integrated asymmetry in the x_F range -0.1 to 0.5 for Ds+- mesons is 0.032 +- 0.022 +- 0.022, consistent with no net asymmetry. The results, as functions of x_F and square of p_t, are compared to predictions and to the large production asymmetry observed for D+- mesons in the same experiment. These comparisons support the hypothesis that production asymmetries come from the fragmentation process and not from the charm quark production itself.

Using the large hadroproduced charm sample collected in experiment E791 at Fermilab, we have measured ratios of branching fractions for the two-body singly-Cabibbo-suppressed charged decays of the D0: Γ(D0→K+K−)Γ(D0→K−π+)=0.109±0.003±0.003, Γ(D0→π+π−)Γ(D0→K−π+)=0.040±0.002±0.003, and Γ(D0→K+K−)Γ(D0→π+π−)=2.75±0.15±0.16. We have looked for differences in the decay rates of D0 and D0 to the CP eigenstates K+K− and π+π−, and have measured the CP asymmetry parameters ACP(K+K−)=−0.010±0.049±0.012 and ACP(π+π−)=−0.049±0.078±0.030, both consistent with zero.

We report results of a search for flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC), lepton flavor, and lepton-number violating decays of the ${D}^{0}$ (and its antiparticle) into three and four bodies. Using data from Fermilab charm hadroproduction experiment E791, we examine modes with two leptons (muons or electrons) and a ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$, ${\overline{K}}^{*0}$, or $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ vector meson or a nonresonant $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$, $K\ensuremath{\pi}$, or $\mathrm{KK}$ pair of pseudoscalar mesons. No evidence for any of these decays is found. Therefore, we present branching-fraction upper limits at 90% confidence level for the 27 decay modes examined (18 new).

We describe the various techniques developed in the Fermilab Wideband Experiments, E687 and FOCUS, to reconstruct long-lived states. The techniques all involve modifications to standard tracking techniques and are useful to report for future experiments.

A model-independent partial-wave analysis of the \swave component of the $K\pi$ system from decays of $D^{+}$ mesons to the three-body $\Km\pip\pip$ final state is described. Data come from the Fermilab E791 experiment. Amplitude measurements are made independently for ranges of $\Km\pip$ invariant mass, and results are obtained below 825 \MeVcc, where previous measurements exist only in two mass bins. This method of parametrizing a three-body decay amplitude represents a new approach to analysing such decays. Though no model is required for the \swave, a parametrization of the relatively well-known reference \pdash and \dwave s, optimized to describe the data used, is required. In this paper, a Breit-Wigner model is adopted to describe the resonances in these waves. The observed phase variation for the \sdash, \pdash and \dwave s do not match existing measurements of $I=\half$ $\Km\pip$ scattering in the invariant mass range in which scattering is predominantly elastic. If the data are mostly $I=\half$, this observation indicates that the Watson theorem, which requires these phases to have the same dependence on invariant mass, may not apply to these decays without allowing for some interaction with the other pion. The production rate of $\Km\pip$ from these decays, if assumed to be predominantly $I=\half$, is also found to have a significant dependence on invariant mass in the region above 1.25 \GeVcc. These measurements can provide a relatively model-free basis for future attempts to determine which strange scalar amplitudes contribute to the decays.

We measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 μm pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and after irradiation. We irradiated one group of samples with 70 MeV protons, a second group of samples with fast reactor neutrons (defined as energy greater than 0.1 MeV), and a third group of samples with 200 MeV pions, in steps, to (8.8±0.9) × 1015 protons/cm2, (1.43±0.14) × 1016 neutrons/cm2, and (6.5±1.4) × 1014 pions/cm2, respectively. By observing the charge induced due to the separation of electron-hole pairs created by the passage of the hadron beam through each sample, on an event-by-event basis, as a function of irradiation fluence, we conclude all datasets can be described by a first-order damage equation and independently calculate the damage constant for 70 MeV protons, fast reactor neutrons, and 200 MeV pions. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 70 MeV protons to be 1.62±0.07(stat)±0.16(syst)× 10-18 cm2/(p μm), the damage constant for diamond irradiated with fast reactor neutrons to be 2.65±0.13(stat)±0.18(syst)× 10-18 cm2/(n μm), and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 200 MeV pions to be 2.0±0.2(stat)±0.5(syst)× 10-18 cm2/(π μm). The damage constants from this measurement were analyzed together with our previously published 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation damage constant data to derive the first comprehensive set of relative damage constants for Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. We find 70 MeV protons are 2.60 ± 0.29 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, fast reactor neutrons are 4.3 ± 0.4 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, and 200 MeV pions are 3.2 ± 0.8 more damaging than 24 GeV protons. We also observe the measured data can be described by a universal damage curve for all proton, neutron, and pion irradiations we performed of Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. Finally, we confirm the spatial uniformity of the collected charge increases with fluence for polycrystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond, and this effect can also be described by a universal curve.

We have searched for evidence of the production and decay of a neutral bound-state pentaquark, one of a predicted doublet of states: P0c̄s=|c̄suud〉 and P−c̄s=|c̄sddu〉. Specifically, we have searched for the decay P0c̄s→K∗0K−p in data from Fermilab experiment E791, in which a 500 GeV/c π− beam interacted with nuclear targets. We find mass-dependent upper limits at the 90% confidence level for the ratio of cross section times branching fraction of this decay relative to that for the decay Ds−→K∗0K−. The upper limits vary between 0.016 and 0.036 for M(P0c̄s) between 2.75 and 2.91 GeV/c2, assuming a pentaquark lifetime of 0.4 ps.

We present a measurement of the form-factor ratios rV=V(0)/A1(0) and r2=A2(0)/A1(0) for the decay D+→K¯*0e+νe. The measurement is based on a signal of approximately 3000 D+→K¯*0e+νe, K¯*0→K−π+ decays reconstructed in data from charm hadroproduction experiment E791 at Fermilab. The results are rV=1.84±0.11±0.08 and r2=0.71±0.08±0.09.Received 1 October 1997DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1393©1998 American Physical Society

We present a measurement of asymmetries in the production of Λc+ and Λc− baryons in 500 GeV/c π−-nucleon interactions from the E791 experiment at Fermilab. The asymmetries were measured as functions of Feynman x (xF) and transverse momentum squared (pT2) using a sample of 1819±62 Λc's observed in the decay channel Λc+→pK−π+. We observe more Λc+ than Λc− baryons, with an asymmetry of (12.7±3.4±1.3)% independent of xF and pT2 in our kinematical range (−0.1⩽xF⩽0.6 and 0.0⩽pT2⩽8.0 (GeV/c)2). This Λc asymmetry measurement is the first with data in both the positive and negative xF regions.

Using data from the FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present new measurements for the Cabibbo-suppressed decay mode D 0 → π -π + π -π + .We measure the branching ratio0022.An amplitude analysis has been performed, a first for this channel, in order to determine the resonant substructure of this decay mode.The dominant component is the decay D 0 → a 1 (1260) + π -, accounting for 60% of the decay rate.The second most dominant contribution comes from the decay D 0 → ρ(770) 0 ρ(770) 0 , with a fraction of 25%.We also study the a 1 (1260) line shape and resonant substructure.Using the helicity formalism for the angular distribution of the decay D 0 → ρ(770) 0 ρ(770) 0 , we measure a longitudinal polarization of P L = (71 ± 4 ± 2)%.

We report results of a search for CP violation in the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D+ → K−K+π+, φπ+, K∗(892)0K+, and π−π+π+ based on data from the charm hadroproduction experiment E791 at Fermilab. We search for a difference in the D+ and D− decay rates for each of the final states. No evidence for a difference is seen. The decay rate asymmetry parameters (ACP), defined as the difference in the D+ and D− decay rates divided by the sum of the decay rates, are measured to be: ACP(KKπ) = −0.014±0.029, ACP(φπ) = −0.028±0.036, ACP(K∗(892)K) = −0.010±0.050 and ACP(πππ) = −0.017±0.042.

Analysis of international transference of and local adaptations to policy responses to crime and disorder. It draws on Stenson's research on local crime control, funded by local authorities, Home Office and Thames Valley Police. Widely cited in the international policy transfer literature and reprinted in OU criminology reader on globalisation.

Using data from the FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present a new measurement for the Cabibbo-suppressed decay mode D0→K+K−π+π−. We measure: Γ(D0→K+K−π+π−)/Γ(D0→K−π−π+π+)=0.0295±0.0011±0.0008. An amplitude analysis has been performed in order to determine the resonant substructure of this decay mode. The dominant components are the decays D0→K1(1270)+K−, D0→K1(1400)+K− and D0→ρ(770)0ϕ(1020).

Using a high statistics sample of photo-produced charm particles from the FOCUS experiment at Fermilab, we report on the measurement of the ratio of semileptonic rates \Gamma(D+ > ANTI-K pi mu+ nu)/\Gamma(D+ > ANTI-K0 mu+ nu)= 0.625 +/- 0.045 +/- 0.034. Allowing for the K pi S-wave interference measured previously by FOCUS, we extract the vector to pseudoscalar ratio \Gamma(D+ > ANTI-K*0 mu+ nu)/\Gamma(D+ > ANTI-K0 mu+ nu)= 0.594 +/- 0.043 +/- 0.033 and the ratio \Gamma(D+ > ANTI-K0 mu+ nu)/\Gamma(D+ > K- pi+ pi+)= 1.019 +/- 0.076 +/- 0.065. Our results show a lower ratio for \Gamma(D > K* \ell nu})/\Gamma(D > K \ell nu) than has been reported recently and indicate the current world average branching fractions for the decays D+ >ANTI-K0(mu+, e+) nu are low. Using the PDG world average for B(D+ > K- pi+ pi+) we extract B(D+ > ANIT-K0 mu+ nu)=(9.27 +/- 0.69 +/- 0.59 +/- 0.61)%.

We find no evidence for high-energy photoproduction of pentaquarks at 1540 MeV/$c^2$, 1862 MeV/$c^2$, or 3099 MeV/$c^2$ using decay modes $pK_S^0$, $\Xi^-\pi^-$, and $D^{(*)-}p$, respectively.

We present a search for a charmed pentaquark decaying strongly to D(∗)−p. Finding no evidence for such a state, we set limits on the cross-section times branching ratio relative to D∗− and D− under particular assumptions about the production mechanism.

Using a large sample of D+ -> K- pi+ mu+ nu decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present the first measurements of the helicity basis form factors free from the assumption of spectroscopic pole dominance. We also present the first information on the form factor that controls the s-wave interference discussed in a previous paper by the FOCUS collaboration. We find reasonable agreement with the usual assumption of spectroscopic pole dominance and measured form factor ratios.

We present a search for a pentaquark decaying strongly to pKS0 in γN collisions at a center-of-mass energy up to 25 GeV. Finding no evidence for such a state in the mass range of 1470MeV/c2 to 2200MeV/c2, we set limits on the yield and on the cross section times branching ratio relative to Σ∗(1385)± and K∗(892)+.

We present the results of a five-dimensional resonant amplitude analysis of the Λc+→pK−π+ system based on 946±38 reconstructed decays. These data were produced in 500 GeV/c π−–N interactions by Fermilab experiment E791. We report measurements of the amplitudes for Λc+ decay into nonresonant pK−π+ and to pK∗0(890), Δ++(1232)K−, and Λ(1520)π+ and we comment on other possible resonant enhancements. This is the first complete amplitude analysis of the Λc+→pK−π+ system. We find that (54.8±5.5±3.5)% of the decays are nonresonant, (19.5±2.6±1.8)% of the decays are via the K∗0 resonance, (18.0±2.9±2.9)% of the decays are via the Δ++ resonance, and (7.7±1.8±1.1)% of the decays are via the Λ(1520) resonance. We find evidence for an increasingly negative polarization of the Λc+ baryons as a function of pT2, in agreement with a recent model [W.G.D. Dharmaratna, G.R. Goldstein, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 1073; G.R. Goldstein, hep-ph/9907573] and with a related measurement [M. Jezabek, K. Rybicki, R. Rylko, Phys. Lett. B 286 (1992) 175].

The form factor ratios rV=V(0)/A1(0), r2=A2(0)/A1(0) and r3=A3(0)/A1(0) in the decay D+→K★0ℓ+νℓ, K★0→K−π+ have been measured using data from charm hadroproduction experiment E791 at Fermilab. From 3034 (595) signal (background) events in the muon channel, we obtain rV=1.84±0.11±0.09, r2=0.75±0.08±0.09 and, as a first measurement of r3, we find 0.04±0.33±0.29. The values of the form factor ratios rV and r2 measured for the muon channel are combined with the values of rV and r2 that we have measured in the electron channel. The combined E791 results for the muon and electron channels are rV=1.87±0.08±0.07 and r2=0.73±0.06±0.08.

The institutions and practices of pluralistically managed, local crime control or community safety were a product of the period of modernization of public service provision in the UK in the eighties and nineties. They were assembled using a hybrid mix of governmental technologies ranging from attempts to impose sovereign domination over the recalcitrant, to situational measures to harden targets, to social crime prevention, or community security measures to regenerate areas representing high risk. Some of the key advances were made in the margins by local authorities under Conservative governments. Ironically, under New Labour, the drive for centralized control via the performance culture of audit and target setting has reduced the discretionary scope at local level and heightened the emphasis on achieving targets of crime reduction and the restoration of sovereign control, perhaps at the expense of more holistic conceptions of community safety, and also generating a series of other local tensions in managing the contradictions of sovereign government by administrations of the centre-left.

Using data collected by the fixed target Fermilab experiment FOCUS, we present several first measurements for the semileptonic decay D0→K¯0π−μ+ν. Using a model that includes a K¯0π− s-wave component, we measure the form factor ratios to be rv=1.71±0.68±0.34 and r2=0.91±0.37±0.10 and the s-wave amplitude to be A=0.35±0.22±0.05GeV−1. Finally, we measure the vector semileptonic branching ratio Γ(D0→K*(892)−μ+ν)Γ(D0→K¯0π−π+)=0.337±0.034±0.013.

Using a large sample of Ds to Phi mu nu decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present new measurements of two semileptonic form factor ratios: rV and r2. We find rV = 1.549 \pm 0.250 \pm 0.145 and r2 = 0.713 \pm 0.202 \pm 0.266. These values are consistent with the rV and r2 form factors measured for the process D+ to K*bar mu nu.

We present a new measurement of the branching ratio of the Cabibbo suppressed decay D^0\to \pi^-\mu^+\nu relative to the Cabibbo favored decay D^0\to K^-\mu^+\nu and an improved measurement of the ratio |\frac{f_+^{\pi}(0)}{f_+^{K}(0)}|. Our results are 0.074 \pm 0.008 \pm 0.007 for the branching ratio and 0.85 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.01 for the form factor ratio, respectively.

The high instantaneous luminosities expected following the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) pose major experimental challenges for the CMS experiment.A central component to allow efficient operation under these conditions is the reconstruction of charged particle trajectories and their inclusion in the hardwarebased trigger system.There are many challenges involved in achieving this: a large input data rate of about 20-40 Tb/s; processing a new batch of input data every 25 ns, each consisting of about 15,000 precise position measurements and rough transverse momentum measurements of particles ("stubs"); performing the pattern recognition on these stubs to find the trajectories; and producing the list of trajectory parameters within 4 µs.This paper describes a proposed solution to this problem, specifically, it presents a novel approach to pattern recognition and charged particle trajectory reconstruction using an all-FPGA solution.The results of an end-to-end demonstrator system, based on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGAs, that meets timing and performance requirements are presented along with a further improved, optimized version of the algorithm together with its corresponding expected performance.

A precise determination of the charm-strange baryon Cascade(c)+ lifetime is presented. The data were accumulated by the Fermilab high-energy photoproduction experiment FOCUS. The measurement is made with 300 Cascade(c)+ --> Cascade- pi+ pi+ decays, 130 Cascade(c)+ --> Sigma+ K- pi+ decays, 45 Cascade(c)+ --> p K- pi+ decays and 58 Cascade(c)+ --> Lambda K- pi+ pi+ decays. The Cascade(c)+ lifetime is measured to be 0.439+/-0.022+/-0.009 ps.

We present the first clear observation of the doubly Cabibbo suppressed decay D+→K−K+K+ and the first observation of the singly Cabibbo suppressed decay Ds+→K−K+K+. These signals have been obtained by analyzing the high statistics sample of photoproduced charm particles of the FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab. We measure the following relative branching ratios: Γ(D+→K−K+K+)/Γ(D+→K−π+π+)=(9.49±2.17±0.22)×10−4 and Γ(Ds+→K−K+K+)/Γ(Ds+→K−K+π+)=(8.95±2.12+2.24−2.31)×10−3, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.

A high statistics measurement of the Lambda(+)(c) lifetime from the Fermilab fixed-target FOCUS photoproduction experiment is presented. We describe the analysis technique with particular attention to the determination of the systematic uncertainty. The measured value of 204.6 +/- 3.4 (stat) +/- 2.5 (syst) fs from 8034 +/- 122 Lambda(+)(c)-->pK(-)pi(+) decays represents a significant improvement over the present world average.

Using data from Fermilab fixed-target experiment E791, we have measured particle–antiparticle production asymmetries for Λ0, Ξ−, and Ω− hyperons in π−–nucleon interactions at 500 GeV/c. The asymmetries are measured as functions of Feynman-x (xF) and pT2 over the ranges −0.12⩽xF⩽0.12 and 0⩽pT2⩽4 (GeV/c)2. We find substantial asymmetries, even at xF=0. We also observe leading-particle-type asymmetries which qualitatively agree with theoretical predictions.

Received 13 February 2002DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.159903©2002 American Physical Society

Using data collected by the high energy photoproduction experiment FOCUS at Fermilab we study the doubly and singly Cabibbo suppressed decays D+ and Ds+ --> K+ pi+ pi-. Branching ratios and Dalitz plot analyses are performed.

We apply a genetic programming technique to search for the doubly Cabibbo suppressed decays Λc+→pK+π− and Ds+→K+K+π−. We normalize these decays to their Cabibbo favored partners and find BR(Λc+→pK+π−)/BR(Λc+→pK−π+)=(0.05±0.26±0.02)% and BR(Ds+→K+K+π−)/BR(Ds+→K−K+π+)=(0.52±0.17±0.11)% where the first errors are statistical and the second are systematic. Expressed as 90% confidence levels (CL), we find <0.46 and <0.78%, respectively. This is the first successful use of genetic programming in a high energy physics data analysis.

There has been much commentary about the re-ordering of the relations between nation state government, geographical territory, and populations in the advanced liberal democracies. This is seen as a product of: increasing demographic and cultural diversity due to legal and illegal migration; economic, cultural, and political global interdependence; footloose mobility of capital and the outsourcing of jobs to poorer countries; the growing power of international corporations and financial markets; and the growth of supra-national bodies like the European Union and The North Atlantic Free Trade Association, the World Trade Organisation, and (debatably), the UN. These developments are held to be associated with the gradual demise of the model of the increasingly secular nation state first crystallised by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. This conception provided a mutual, guarantee of states??? jurisdiction over territory and populations through their legitimated attempts to monopolise the use of force. Though, the relations between these states have always been asymmetrical and often challenged (Hunter 1998). This article explores the continuum of commentary about these issues, including tensions between a cosmopolitan universalistic ideology deployed by liberal professional elites and the more communitarian and nationalist ideologies deployed by politicians of the right. The latter emphasise the struggle for sovereign control of populations and neighbourhoods at local level. In exploring these themes this article develops a realist version of Governmentality theory, highlighting the interaction between governance from above and below. This is applied in a grounded way to the analysis of the local governance of community safety in the UK Thames Valley region. It identifies the political economic shifts in the region, then examines the local governmental responses to these changes, emphasising how, notwithstanding the hegemony of the political right in the region, well organised liberal networks of crime control professionals. They created a protective shield of cosmopolitan, universalistic values and policies against deeper communitarian and nationalistic sensibilities and strategies of governance. This facilitated the pioneering of a range of liberal, holistic, community safety initiatives that reconstruct `social` governance at local levels. Finally, the wider implications of these governmental shifts are explored, and tensions in the struggles to maintain collective solidarity in the contested terrain of the nation state, represented at local level.

There are few published articles on conducting large‐scale surveys in secondary schools, and this paper seeks to fill this gap. Drawing on the experiences of the Youth On Religion project, it discusses the politics of gaining access to these schools and the considerations leading to the adoption and administration of an online survey. It is concluded that successful research in schools has to be planned carefully in collaboration with key members of staff, and justified as an educational activity. Providing speedy feedback was helpful to ensure schools benefited from the research and to keep them engaged with the project. © 2011 The Author(s). Children &amp; Society © 2011 National Children’s Bureau and Blackwell Publishing Limited

This chapter reviews the relationship between Foucaultian conceptions of government, the more or less rational attempts to conduct conduct, with particular reference to issues of crime control. It attempts to clarify the meanings of, and relations between, the key concepts of governmentality and sovereignty. The main concerns of the policymakers were seen to be the attempt to control the lives of the poor and working classes and other subordinated groups and make the world safe for well-heeled neighbourhoods and populations, even at the expense of creating physical and symbolic barriers between the neighbourhoods of the poor and the better off. The official state police mandate to maintain a transcendent sovereign control of, and protection within, public spaces for the generality of citizens interacted uneasily with a complex agenda of government by organizations and networks within a politically well resourced and well connected minority.

Starting in September 1999, a series of workshops was carried out to study the prospects for B physics at the Tevatron. There were four working groups covering CP Violation, Rare and Semileptonic Decays, Mixing and Lifetimes, as well as Production, Fragmentation and Spectroscopy. Upon the completion of a comprehensive written report summarizing the results of this workshop, we will review the highlights of B Physics at the Tevatron in Run II and beyond. On our way to this goal, we will pass by questions such as ‘Why are there so many B factories these days?’ or ‘Why do we also want to do B Physics at Fermilab?’

We report differential cross sections for the production of D∗±(2010) produced in 500 GeV/c π−-nucleon interactions from experiment E791 at Fermilab, as functions of Feynman-x (xF) and transverse momentum squared (pT2). We also report the D∗± charge asymmetry and spin-density matrix elements as functions of these variables. Investigation of the spin-density matrix elements shows no evidence of polarization. The average values of the spin alignment are 〈η〉=0.01±0.02 and −0.01±0.02 for leading and non-leading particles, respectively.

Using data from the FOCUS experiment (FNAL-E831), we report on the decay of $D^0$ mesons into final states containing more than one $K^0_S$. We present evidence for two Cabibbo favored decay modes, $D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S K^- \pi^+$ and $D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S K^+ \pi^-$, and measure their combined branching fraction relative to $D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-$ to be $\frac{\Gamma(D^0\to K^0_SK^0_SK^{\pm}\pi^{\mp})}{\Gamma(D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-)}$ = 0.0106 $\pm$ 0.0019 $\pm$ 0.0010. Further, we report new measurements of $\frac{\Gamma(D^0\to K^0_SK^0_SK^0_S)}{\Gamma(D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-)}$ = 0.0179 $\pm$ 0.0027 $\pm$ 0.0026, $\frac{\Gamma(D^0\to K^0\bar{K} ^0)}{\Gamma(D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-)}$ = 0.0144 $\pm$ 0.0032 $\pm$ 0.0016, and $\frac{\Gamma(D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S\pi^+\pi^-)}{\Gamma(D^0\to \bar{K} ^0\pi^+\pi^-)}$ = 0.0208 $\pm$ 0.0035 $\pm$ 0.0021 where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.

We present a search for a pentaquark decaying strongly to Ξ−π− in γN collisions at a center-of-mass energy up to 25 GeV/c2. Finding no evidence for such a state in the mass range of 1480 MeV/c2 to 2400 MeV/c2, we set limits on the yield and on the cross section times branching ratio relative to Ξ∗(1530)0.

This chapter will set the issues raised in this book in a wider political context, providing working definitions of key terms like liberalism, politics, government, and governance. It firstly unpacks the new political saliency accorded to crime. Secondly, it analyses the retreat from ‘liberal’ approaches to crime control fashionable in the high period of the welfare states between 1945 and the late 1970s. Thirdly, it analyses the shifts in liberal society in the broadest sense of the term as associated with the post-monarchical liberal democracies. It highlights the changes from ‘social’ modes of government characteristic of the welfare states to ‘advanced liberal’ modes of government. These were associated with the rise of New Right intellectuals and regimes. Their mixture of neo-liberal, free market philosophies and traditional conservative values prioritised the defence of hierarchy and the attempt to restore traditional morality. Fourthly, the chapter records the struggle to construct approaches to crime control under the auspices of ‘third way’ or, as it is also termed, ‘progressive governance’ rationalities of government. It would be premature to describe these developments as constituting a new phase of liberal government. Rather, they embody a stage of political experiment and re-emphasis within the broad terrain of advanced liberal government. These try to integrate tough policies associated with the Right with those that attempt to deal with underlying crimogenic conditions. Fifthly, the chapter highlights the vital importance of social scientists as liberal – in the widest sense – critics of power.

This report represents the response of the Intensity Frontier Quark Flavor Physics Working Group to the Snowmass charge. We summarize the current status of quark flavor physics and identify many exciting future opportunities for studying the properties of strange, charm, and bottom quarks. The ability of these studies to reveal the effects of new physics at high mass scales make them an essential ingredient in a well-balanced experimental particle physics program.

Diamond is used as detector material in high energy physics experiments due to its inherent radiation tolerance. The RD42 collaboration has measured the radiation tolerance of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond against proton, pion, and neutron irradiation. Results of this study are summarized in this article. The radiation tolerance of diamond detectors can be further enhanced by using a 3D electrode geometry. We present preliminary results of a poly-crystalline CVD (pCVD) diamond detector with a 3D electrode geometry after irradiation and compare to planar devices of roughly the same thickness.

A high statistics measurement of the D(s)+ lifetime from the Fermilab fixed-target FOCUS photoproduction experiment is presented. We describe the analysis of the two decay modes, D(s)+ --> phi(1020)pi+ and D(s)+ -->K*(892)0K+, used for the measurement. The measured lifetime is 507.4 +/- 5.5(stat) +/- 5.1(syst) fs using 8961 +/- 105 D(s)+ --> phi(1020)pi+ and 4680 +/- 90 D(s)+ --> K*(892)0K+ decays. This is a significant improvement over the present world average.

Journal Article Governance and Policing Get access Kevin Stenson Kevin Stenson Guest Editor *Visiting Professor, School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, UK. E-mail: kevstenson90@googlemail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 5–6, https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pan084 Published: 01 January 2009

We have measured the form factor ratios rV=V(0)/A1(0) and r2=A2(0)/A1(0) for the decay Ds+→φℓ+νℓ, φ→K+K−, using data from charm hadroproduction experiment E791 at Fermilab. Results are based on 144 signal and 22 background events in the electron channel and 127 signal and 34 background events in the muon channel. We combine the measurements from both lepton channels to obtain rV=2.27±0.35±0.22 and r2=1.57±0.25±0.19.

Using data from the FOCUS experiment (FNAL–E831), we study the decay of Λc+ baryons into final states containing a Λ hyperon. The branching fractions of Λc+ into Λπ+, Λπ+π+π− and ΛK¯0K+ relative to that into pK−π+ are measured to be 0.217±0.013±0.020, 0.508±0.024±0.024 and 0.142±0.018±0.022, respectively. We also report new measurements of Γ(Λc+→Σ0π+)Γ(Λc+→Λπ+)=1.09±0.11±0.19, Γ(Λc+→Σ0π+π+π−)Γ(Λc+→Λπ+π+π−)=0.26±0.06±0.09 and Γ(Λc+→Ξ(1690)0(ΛK¯0)K+)Γ(Λc+→ΛK¯0K+)=0.32±0.10±0.04. Further, an analysis of the subresonant structure for the Λc+→Λπ+π+π− decay mode is presented.

Using a large sample of D+→K−K+π+ decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present the first non-parametric analysis of the K−π+ amplitudes in D+→K−K+π+ decay. The technique is similar to the technique used for our non-parametric measurements of the D+→K¯∗0e+ν form factors. Although these results are in rough agreement with those of E687, we observe a wider S-wave contribution for the K¯0∗0(1430) contribution than the PDG [W.-M. Yao, et al., J. Phys. G 33 (2006) 1], world average mass and width. We have some weaker evidence for the existence of a new, D-wave component at low values of the K−π+ mass.

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The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) has long been a global icon for liberal, community oriented policing by consent of the people. Yet, for over a century the mode of governance of the MPS reflected a tension between the attempt to provide a locally responsive service and its national role in protecting the monarchy and state. It was simple and military in form, providing scant voice for local populations. The great transformation in London's population helped to shift towards more democratic modes of locally accountable governance and towards a greater emphasis on partnership. This article traces the growing complexity of these new modes of governance and notes that this presents obstacles both to would-be autocrats and also to the more effective coordination of agencies in trying to govern the crime problem and ensure security.

We measure the neutral D total forward cross section and the differential cross sections as functions of Feynman-x (xF) and transverse momentum squared for 500 GeV/c π−–nucleon interactions. The results are obtained from 88990±460 reconstructed neutral D mesons from Fermilab experiment E791 using the decay channels D0→K−π+ and D0→K−π+π−π+ (and charge conjugates). We extract fit parameters from the differential cross sections and provide the first direct measurement of the turnover point in the xF distribution, 0.0131±0.0038. We measure an absolute D0+D0 (xF>0) cross section of 15.4+1.8−2.3 μbarn/nucleon (assuming a linear A dependence). The differential and total forward cross sections are compared to theoretical predictions and to results of previous experiments.

We report the results of a precise measurement of the Ds meson lifetime based on 1662±56 fully reconstructed Ds→φπ decays, from the charm hadroproduction experiment E791 at Fermilab. Using an unbinned maximum likelihood fit, we measure the Ds lifetime to be 0.518±0.014±0.007 ps. The ratio of the measured Ds lifetime to the world average D0 lifetime [1]is 1.25±0.04. This result differs from unity by six standard deviations, indicating significantly different lifetimes for the Ds and the D0.

Using data collected by the FOCUS experiment at Fermilab, we present a new measurement of the charm semileptonic branching ratio BR(D+ -> rho0 mu+ nu)/BR(D+ -> K*0 mu+ nu). From a sample of 320+-44 and 11372+-161 D+ -> rho0 mu+ nu and D+ -> K*0 mu+ nu events respectively, we find BR(D+ -> rho0 mu+ nu)/BR(D+ -> K*0 mu+ nu)=0.041+-0.006(stat)+-0.004(syst).

Over the next ten years, the physics reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) will be greatly extended through increases in the instantaneous luminosity of the accelerator and large increases in the amount of collected data. Due to changes in the way Moore's Law computing performance gains have been realized in the past decade, an aggressive program of R&D is needed to ensure that the computing capability of CMS will be up to the task of collecting and analyzing this data.

To quantitatively assess treatment attributes that are most important to people living with ALS (pALS) in the United States.

With machine learning applications now spanning a variety of computational tasks, multi-user shared computing facilities are devoting a rapidly increasing proportion of their resources to such algorithms. Graph neural networks (GNNs), for example, have provided astounding improvements in extracting complex signatures from data and are now widely used in a variety of applications, such as particle jet classification in high energy physics (HEP). However, GNNs also come with an enormous computational penalty that requires the use of GPUs to maintain reasonable throughput. At shared computing facilities, such as those used by physicists at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), methodical resource allocation and high throughput at the many-user scale are key to ensuring that resources are being used as efficiently as possible. These facilities, however, primarily provide CPU-only nodes, which proves detrimental to time-to-insight and computational throughput for workflows that include machine learning inference. In this work, we describe how a shared computing facility can use the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server to optimize its resource allocation and computing structure, recovering high throughput while scaling out to multiple users by massively parallelizing their machine learning inference. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this system in a realistic multi-user environment, we use the Fermilab Elastic Analysis Facility augmented with the Triton Inference Server to provide scalable and high throughput access to a HEP-specific GNN and report on the outcome.

We report the observation of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay $D^+\to K^+ \pi^- \pi^+$ in data from Fermilab charm hadroproduction experiment E791. With a signal of 59 \pm 13 events we measured the ratio of the branching fraction for this mode to that of the Cabibbo-favored decay $D^+\to K^- \pi^+ \pi^+$ to be $B(D^+ \to K^+ \pi^- \pi^+) / B(D^+ \to K^- \pi^+ \pi^+) = (7.7 \pm 1.7 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{-3}$. A Dalitz plot analysis was performed to search for resonant structures.

Using data from Fermilab fixed-target experiment E791, we measure the branching ratio for D0→K−K+π−π+ and its resonant components. We find Γ(D0→K−K+π−π+)Γ(D0→K−π+π−π+)=(3.13±0.37±0.36)%. A coherent amplitude analysis is used to estimate the resonant components. We measure the ratios Γ(D0→f)Γ(D0→K−π+π−π+) to be (2.0±0.9±0.8)% for f=φρ0, (0.9±0.4±0.5)% for f=φπ+π−, <2.0% at the 90% CL for f=K∗0(892)K∗0(892), and <1.0% at the 90% CL for f=K∗0(892)K+π− or K∗0(892)K−π+.

I am flattered and privileged to have received four such astute critiques of my work from an international cast. I will reflect at length about many of their points in future work but to respond fully would require a very long article and so I will highlight some of the more salient issues. The authors share misgivings about my commitment to a realist version of governmentality theory so I will try to articulate a bit more clearly how it is different from two major alternative perspectives highlighted by the authors: what I term a `discursive` governmentality perspective (Stenson 2005), and the neo-Marxist regulationist school of political economy. However, deeper normative questions are raised, for example by Wendy Larner, about what it means to be progressive or critical within the broad terrain of liberalism (which can include neo-liberals and neo-conservatives) in the wake of the collapse of communism and much of the power of western labour movements, the rise of the new emancipatory and environmental social movements and varieties of religious fundamentalism.

An industry of description and interpretation has developed around the growth of surveillance, accelerated by: the development of the internet; volatile international relations since the collapse of communism; demographic mobility, segregation by class and ethnicity in the rich and poor worlds, sharpening inequalities, and post 9/11 fears of terrorism. Influential narratives have emphasised the diminishing power of sovereign nation-states in a marketised and globalised world. This chapter challenges the notion that coercive, sovereign modes of rule are a monarchical survival in decline. Rather, sovereign technologies of rule, in which surveillance is central involves strategies of governance from below as well as from above. They combine coercive with rhetorical, metaphorical communication and other ‘soft’ modes of rule. These make thinkable the nation-state as a discrete, defensible entity. Political communication translates between the complex technical expertise of evolving surveillance and security technologies and language intelligible to the public. Though surveillance technologies and information can be produced by commercial and other non-state sites of governance, metaphorically, much surveillance can be viewed as the extension of the eye of the sovereign. Although we are all targets of surveillance, those seen as threatening to the majority help to constitute and reproduce the social collectivity.

We report a measurement of the branching ratio B(D+ → ϱ0ℓ+νℓ)B(D+ → K∗0ℓ+νℓ) from the Fermilab charm hadroproduction experiment E791. Based on signals of 49 ± 17 events in the D+ → ϱ0e+νe mode and 54 ± 18 events in the D+ → ϱ0μ+νμ mode, we measure. B(D+ → ϱ0e+νe)B(D+ → e+νe) = 0.014 ± 0.014 ± 0.009,B(D+ → ϱ0μ+νμ)B(D+ → μ+νμ) = 0.051 ± 0.015 ± 0.009. Combining the results from both the electronic and muonic modes, we obtain B(D+ → ϱ0ℓ+νℓ)B(D+ → ℓ+νℓ) = 0.047 ± 0.013. This result is compared to theoretical predictions.

This book should be included on every reading list for the topic and Kalunta-Crumpton is to be congratulated for putting together this collection of short, readable chapters examining the links bet...

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsKevin StensonKevin Stenson is Visiting Professor of Criminology, London Metropolitan University, Honorary Professor, University of Kent and Visiting Fellow at the Mannheim Centre of Criminology, London School of Economics