Profile of Sustainability in some Mediterranean tourism destinations

Part A Sustainable tourism - theory and planning: environmental impacts on tourist destinations - an economic analysis, D. Buhalis and J. Fletcher the environmental internalities of tourism - theoretical analysis and policy implications, H. Briassoulis new trends in leisure and tourism affecting the tourist industry and destination areas, T.Z. de Haan environmental quality and tourism and the environment, G.J. Ashworth provate and public development strategies for sustainable tourism development of island economies, H. Janssen, M. Kiers and P. Nijkamp planning for tourism at local level - maintaining the balance with the environment, J. Westlake specialization in tourism - the case of a small open economy, A. Lanza and F. Pigliaru. Part B Policy case studies in sustainable tourism: assessing the interaction between heritage, environment and tourism - Mykonos, H. Coccossis and A. Parpairis sustainable tourism development - a case study of Lesbos, P. Nijkamp and S. Verdonkschot the environments of coastal marinas, J.A. Edwards environmental impacts in the Loch Lomond area of Scotland, G.Dickinson rural tourism development - using a sustainable tourism development approach, B. Nitsch and J. van Straaten problems of tourism development in Spain, G.K. Priestley.

As tourism takes its place as the worlds largest industry, ecotourism has been identified as the fastest-growing segment of this dynamic global industry. Since the mid to late 1980s ecotourism has become a major economic force for both developed and developing nations around the world. Using a wealth of international case studies and photos, Ecotourism: An Introduction provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to the key foundations, concepts and issues related to the subject, including: the foundations of ecotourism tourism and ecotourism policy the economics, marketing and management of ecotourism the social and ecological impacts of tourism ecotourism and development the role of ethics in ecotourism.

INTRODUCTION: The Emergence of Alternative Forms of Tourism PART 1 - THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES: Alternative Tourism: Concepts, Classifications and Questions Making the Alternative Sustainable: Lessons from Development for Tourism PART 2 - CASE STUDIES: Tourism as an Element in Sustainable Development Tourism by Train: Its Role in Alternative Tourism Tourism Alternatives in an Era of Global Climatic Change.

Tourism is a major activity in the Greek islands. Its development during recent decades has stopped the economic and demographic decline of the area. The paper develops a framework for the appraisal of tourism’s sustainability in the Greek islands,and it is concluded that the conventional tourist model,based on sun,sea and sand (3S) has failed to promote sustainability due to the limited economic benefits for host communities and growing environmental pressures. The latest trend in Greece and elsewhere is a shift from mass tourism to more environmentally friendly and sustainable forms of tourism. Policies to change tourism patterns in the Greek islands will need to take into consideration their unique characteristics,their existing realities,and to be based on the exploitation of the local natural and cultural resources in order to develop new forms of tourism. The purpose of this paper is to identify types of new forms of tourism that are being developed in the Aegean Islands,and to evaluate their impact. Various practical examples are presented,together with the difficulties involved in their implementation. The initiatives are in fact so recent that it is difficult to assess their tangible results.

Abstract This study investigates resident perceptions of tourism impacts on a Turkish town in absolute and relative terms and draws implications for marketing and destination management from the results. Personal interviews were conducted with household heads and results compared with Fijian and American case studies. Comparative figures suggest that the Turkish residents were generally less supportive of the tourism industry and had fewer positive perceptions of its impacts when compared to the other two cases. It is suggested that a participatory model be implemented to integrate tourism into the local development in the Turkish town.

UNDERSTANDING TOURISM PLANNING. Background for Tourism Planning. Approach to Tourism Planning. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL TOURISM PLANNING. The Planning Process and General Surveys. Tourist Attractions and Activities. Tourist Markets, Facilities, Services, and Infrastructure. Planning Analysis and Synthesis. Tourism Policy and Plan Formulation. COMMUNITY LEVEL OF TOURISM PLANNING. Planning Tourist Resorts. Planning Urban and Other Forms of Tourism. Planning Tourist Attractions. Development and Design Standards. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS. Environmental Impacts. Socioeconomic Impacts. INSTITUTIONAL ELEMENTS AND PLAN IMPLEMENTATION. Planning the Institutional Elements of Tourism. Tourism Plan Implementation. Appendices. Selected Bibliography. Index.

As ecotourism becomes more and more popular, sustainability requirements cannot be ignored from the viewpoints of both practitioners and researchers. The purpose of this study is to present an overview of a general picture for ecotourism resources management to understand how sustainability can be applied to different tourism sites and how ecotourism resources can be managed and marketed effectively and efficiently in Egypt. Statistical models, such as Statistical Means, Correlation Coefficients, Chi-Square, and Regression Analysis, are used to test and interpret the research outcomes. The research findings explained that there are positive attitudes of locals towards sustainability requirements and there is a degree of misunderstanding to the concept of ecotourism for many tourism companies and agencies in Egypt. Also, it is important to develop a new marketing strategy for ecotourism in Egypt using suitable tourism marketing strategies and policies.

Abstract The main objective of this study is to examine nature of community participation expected by various interest groups with special references to a local destination in Turkey. A conceptual framework was developed by examining typologies of community participation. Under the guidance of this conceptual framework, a field research was designed and applied in a case study approach. It was found that different interest groups expected different types of community participation to achieve their own aims that may conflict with each other. This study also showed that expected nature of community participation by interest groups varies from non-participation to one forms of the spontaneous participation.

The concept of a recognizable cycle in the evolution of tourist areas is presented, using a basic s curve to illustrate their waving and waning popularity. Specific stages in the evolutionary sequence are described, along with a range of possible future trends. The implications of using this model in the planning and management oftourist resources are discussed in the light of a continuing decline in the environmental quality and, hence, the attractiveness of many tourist areas. Le concept principal de cette communication est que les endroits touristiques ont leur propre cycle d’evolution. Le concept se traduit en modele theorique, qui utilise une courbe s pour demontrer I’accroissement et la diminution subsequente de la popularite d’endroits touristiques. La communication se concentre sur certains stages, les plus importants, de I’evolution, et vise a etablir une gamme de directions eventuelle qui pourront itre suivies par ces endroits. On examine les implications de I’utilisation de se modele dans I’amenagement de resources touristiques, surtout dans I’optique des problemes causes par la diminution de la qualite de I’environnement et, par suite, de I’attraction de beaucoup d’endroits touristiques. There can be little doubt that tourist areas are dynamic, that they evolve and change over time. This evolution is brought about by a variety of factors including changes in the preferences and needs of visitors, the gradual deterioration and possible replacement of physical plant and facilities, and the change (or even disappearance) of the original natural and cultural attractions which were responsible for the initial popularity of the area. In some cases, while these attractions remain, they may be utilized for different purposes or come to be regarded as less significant in comparison with imported attractions.’ The idea of a consistent process through which tourist areas evolve has been vividly described by Christaller: The typical course of development has the following pattern. Painters search out untouched and unusual places to paint. Step by step the place develops as aso-calledartist colony. Soon a cluster of poets follows, kindred to the painters: then cinema people, gourmets, and the jeunesse dorde. The place becomes fashionable and the entrepreneur takes note. The fisherman’s cottage, the shelter-huts become converted into boarding houses and hotels come on the scene. Meanwhile the painters have fled and sought out another periphery periphery as related to space, and metaphorically, as ‘forgotten’ places and landscapes. Only the painters with a commercial inclination who like to do well in business remain; they capitalize on the good name of this former painter’s corner and on the gullibility of tourists. More and more townsmen choose this place, now en vogue and advertised in the newspapers. Subsequently the gourmets, and all those who seek real recreation, stay away. At last the tourist agencies come with their package rate travelling parties; now, the indulged public avoids such places. At the same time, in other places the same cycle occurs again; more and more places come into fashion, change their type, turn into everybody’s tourist haunt.2 While this description has most relevance to the European and, particularly, to the Mediterranean setting, others have expressed the same general idea. Stansfield, 5

1.The big economy 2.Environment and ethics 3.Economic growth, population growth and the environment 4.Sustainable development 5.How markets work and why they fail 6.How governments fail the environment 7.Cost-benefit thinking 8.Valuing concern for nature 9.Coping with uncertainty 10.Using the market to protect the environment 11.Charging for the use of the environment 12.Green taxes 13.Trading environmental permits 14.Setting environmental standards 15.Renewable resources 16.Non-renewable resources 17.Business and the environment 18.Managing waste 19.Climate change 20.Economics and the ozone layer 21.Conserving biological diversity 22.International enivornmental policy: acid rain 23.Environment in the developing world

II a ete longtemps admis que dans les pays en voie de developpement, le tourisme etait surtout a composante etrangere. Or, on peut demontrer dans le cas du Maroc : ; — que la demande touristique interne est reelle et parfois remarquable ; ; — que cette demande n'est pas seulement le fait de la frange fortunee de la societe ; ; — et qu'il ne s'agit pas, comme on le dit souvent, de « mimetisme » des conduites occidentales, mais de pratiques qui, dans le cadre general de la modernisation, s'inserent dans des traditions culturelles et des pratiques sociales, nationales et regionales. ; Analysees aux lieux de depart et aux lieux d'arrivee, les pratiques de vacances des Marocains sont marquees par le caractere fortement familial des departs se traduisant souvent par des regroupements de plusieurs cellules restreintes appartenant a la meme famille elargie. Elles accordent une grande place a l'hebergement chez l'habitant (sous forme d'accueil par les parents et amis mais aussi de location chez des particuliers) et a la frequentation du camping qui rappelle remarquablement celle des camps de toiles des traditionnels moussems. Bien qu'arrivees de facon tardive et correspondant peu aux contextes culturel et religieux de la societe marocaine, les destinations balneaires predominent. Les departs estivaux qui sont en regle, correspondent par contre a d'anciennes habitudes faisant de l'ete la saison des rejouissances.

Strategies for tourism competitiveness in the world today have helped to highlight the role of the destinations. The wager on quality and differentiation has become the hub of such strategies in business and tourist destinations. The trends and recent changes in the international tourism market and the complex situation of the destinations require new policies and strategies from the States. At the national level play a decisive role in the policy framework of quality tourist destination in the plans and analyzing of them is of great interest in terms of investments, actions, results, etc.

This paper attempts to evaluate the overall views of inbound tourists about Egypt as a tourist destination. Statistical methods such as Mean, t. test, Chi2, factor analysis, KMO and Bartlett's Test and Correlation Matrix were used to interpret and test the research results. The main conclusions of the research can be summarised as follows: based on the Likert scale, most of the tourism quality measures/variables were rated Very Good and Good. The most important variable was the friendliness of people, which was rated Excellent. The main weak point is the tourism transport services quality such as airport services quality and the bad behaviour of drivers. To improve the marketing of Egypt as a macro-tourist destination, it is necessary for the tourism policies to concentrate on improving the quality of the tourism infrastructure and the environment institutions.

Improving the quality of Egyptian tourist destinations is essential in satisfying tourists' needs, making the Egyptian tourism industry more competitive, and ensuring that tourism development is in a balanced and sustainable way. This research aims to explain how Integrated Quality Management (IQM), as an integrated management tool, can improve the level of sustainability in Egyptian tourism to enhance competitiveness. Statistical tests such as reliability, statistical mean, Qi² test, regression analysis and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) have been used to examine the research findings. The findings reveal that the level of indicators of IQM and of sustainability in Egyptian tourism is weak because the level of cost and externalities of tourism development is high and the transport system is poor and operates in an inefficient manner. Together, IQM and sustainability provide the basis for building community, industry and agency capacity to manage tourism resources in a more integrated manner to improve the competitiveness of Egypt as a macro tourist destination.

This paper deals with the notion of sustainable tourism development.It aims to emphasize the applied policy nature of this issue. After an exploratory part the paper exemplifies its arguments by focusing on the tourismdevelopment of the Greek island of Lesbos.Various scenarios and development options are discussed and assessed by means of a gualitative impact analysis. Much attention is paid to thefeasibility and effectiveness of various policy instruments for achieving sustainable tourism development.

The introduction of international tourism as an economic growth strategy in Turkey is relatively recent, and Turkey has experienced rapid tourism growth in terms of volume and value. Despite the significant progress in these respects, tourism has contributed little to development. Instead, it has increased the rate of economic growth at the expense of equality among regions and classes. This paper examines the impacts of intensive coastal tourism growth on the development of rural regions in particular and national development in general. It concludes that spatial concentrations of mass tourism investment induced by tourism incentive policies in relatively developed coastal regions have increased disparities among regions and classes.

Proyecto de investigacion CTM2004-02405/MAR (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia), «Recursos de agua y desarrollo turistico en Espana: sistemas de indicadores en la planificacion sostenible del turismo en areas litorales». Una sintesis del trabajo fue presentada en el IV Coloquio Iberico sobre Gestion y Planificacion del Agua, organizado por la FNCA en Tortosa, 2004.

1. introduction 2. conceptualization 3. economic impacts4. physical impacts5. social impacts6. conclusionsreferences and bibliographyindex

En este texto, el autor analiza las condiciones en las que se ha desarrollado el actual auge del sector inmobiliario, dentro del contexto economico mundial, europeo y espanol; asi como sus posibles consecuencias territoriales, sociales, energeticas y economicas.

Biodiversite marine et littorale Algerienne , Biodiversite marine et littorale Algerienne , دانشگاه تهران

Abstract This paper provides empirical evidence of the application of various marketing management philosophies by tourism organizations in Turkey. Those studied had the greatest tendency toward product-oriented marketing and the least orientation toward societal marketing. The findings reveal that competency, availability of financial resources, and characteristics of the country’s business environment influence the application of marketing management philosophies in organizations. A deeper analysis of the internal and external environments is thus essential to understanding the challenges in following more customer-oriented and societal considerations at a destination. This paper discusses whether marketing practices developed in Western countries can be applied in a developing country and why organizations in such countries may fail to practice these marketing practices.

<title>Abstract</title> Adopting a broad view of sustainable tourism management, this volume offers positive suggestions for making tourism more sustainable and offers an evaluation of existing thinking and techniques in the field of sustainable tourism. It looks at sustainability in different sectors of tourism and in different parts of the world. A range of key issues and current debates are also discussed and numerous examples of sustainable tourism management practice from around the world are given. The book is divided into a number of sections, as follows: part 1 sets the scene for the rest of the book including a historical perspective on the broader concept of sustainable development. Part 2 focuses on three dimensions of sustainable tourism, namely, the physical environment, economic viability and social justice and equity. Part 3 concentrates on the different stakeholders in sustainable tourism, while part 4 looks at it in different geographical settings. Part 5 covers the relationship between sustainable tourism and the four main areas of functional management, marketing, human resources, operations and finance. Part 6 focuses on the different sectors of the tourism industry, with particular emphasis on four emerging trends, cultural tourism, ecotourism, all-inclusive and self-contained resort complexes and business tourism. Part 7 offers a range of conclusion while part 8 offers future directions for the industry. Case studies of good practice from all over the world are illustrated throughout.

* Preface Section 1: Introduction and Context * Introduction, D Hall and M Smith * Tourism and the European Union, C Anastasiadou, Napier University, Edinburgh, UK * Enlargement Implications for European Tourism, M Smith and Derek Hall * Tourism and the New Europe: Views from Beyond Europe, C Michael Hall, University of Otago, New Zealand * Tourism Education in the New Europe, G Richards, Tourism Research and Marketing, Barcelona, Spain Section 2: East Central Europe * Tourism and EU Enlargement: A Central European Perspective, P Jordan, Austrian Institute of East and Southeast European Studies, Austria * Slovenia: New Challenges in Enhancing the Value of the Tourism Destination Brand, M Konecnik, Ljubljana University, Slovenia * Slovakia: EU Accession and Cross-Border Travel, V Balaz, Slovak Academy of Science, Slovak Republic * Tourism in the Czech Republic, A Kiralova, Institute of Hospitality and Management, Czech Republic * Product Development and Diversification in Hungary, L Puczko, Xellum Ltd, Hungary, and T Ratz, Kodolanyi Janos University College, Hungary * Tourism in Poland: Changes in Policy, Management and Education, B Marciszewska Section 3: The Baltics * The Baltics' Accession: Finnish Perspectives, R Komppula and A Peltonen, University of Joensuu, Finland, T Ylkanen and T Kokkila, Finnish Tourist Board, Finland * Estonia - Switching Unions: Impacts of EU Membership on Tourism Development, J Jarvis. Monash University, Australia and P Kallas, Estonian Tourist Board, Estonia * Latvia Tourism: Decisive Factors and Tourism Development, I Druva-Druvaskalne, I Abols and A Slara, Vidzeme University College, Latvia * Lithuania: Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in the Baltic Coastal Region A Armanaitiene, R Povilanskas, Klaipeda University, Lithuania, and E Jones, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK Section 4: The Mediterranean Enlargement * The Mediterranean Enlargement: An Overview, H Alipour, Eastern Mediterranean University, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and D Hall * Malta: Re-imaging the Mediterranean Destination, N Theuma, University of Malta, Malta * Cyprus: Building Bridges in the Borderlands of the New Europe, J Scott, London Metropolitan University, UK, and L Topcan Section 5: The Next Enlargement * Introduction * Tourism in Bulgaria, M Bachvarov, University of Lodz, Poland * Romania: National Identity, Tourism Promotion and European Integration, D Light, Liverpool Hope University, UK * Turkey: EU Membership Implications for Sustainable Tourism Development, C Tosun, J Fletcher and A Fyall, Bournemouth University, UK * Croatia in the New Europe: Culture Versus Conformity, I Ateljevic, Wageningen University, the Netherlands, and S Corak, Institute for Tourism, Croatia Section 6: Conclusions * Summary and Conclusions: M Smith and D Hall.