Chemotherapy should not be withheld from patients with an indwelling pleural catheter for malignant pleural effusion

presence of procoagulant factors (macrophages and activated leucocytes are known to increase activation of thrombin and fibrin formation) and co-existence of sarcoidosis and antiphospholipid syndrome. 5Antiphospholipid antibodies occur in 2e5% of the general population, but in up to 38% patients with sarcoidosis, correlating with poorer prognosis. 5verall, our findings would be viewed as hypothesis generating, providing a platform for further study, and supportive of the anecdotal observations made in our Sarcoidosis Clinic.Despite the limitations discussed above, PE should be considered in patients with sarcoidosis when there is sudden deterioration in dyspnoea.