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The Medicago genome provides insight into the evolution of rhizobial symbioses

Nevin D. Young,Frédéric Debelle,Giles Oldroyd,René Geurts,Steven B. Cannon,Michael K. Udvardi,Vagner A. Benedito,Klaus Mayer,Jérôme Gouzy,Heiko Schoof,Yves Van de Peer,Sebastian Proost,Douglas R. Cook,Blake C. Meyers,Manuel Spannagl,Foo Cheung,Stéphane De Mita,Vivek Krishnakumar,Heidrun Gundlach,Shiguo Zhou,Joann Mudge,Arvind K. Bharti,J. D. Murray,Marina Naoumkina,Benjamin D. Rosen,Kevin A.T. Silverstein,Haibao Tang,Stéphane Rombauts,Patrick Xuechun Zhao,Peng Zhou,Valérie Barbe,Philippe Bardou,Michael Bechner,Arnaud Bellec,Anne Berger,Hélène Bergès,Shelby L. Bidwell,Ton Bisseling,Nathalie Choisne,Arnaud Couloux,Roxanne Denny,Shweta Deshpande,Xinbin Dai,Jeff J. Doyle,Anne Marie Dudez,Andrew Farmer,Stéphanie Fouteau,Carolien Franken,Chrystel Gibelin,John Gish,Steven Goldstein,Álvaro González,Pamela J. Green,Asis Hallab,Marijke Hartog,Axin Hua,Sean Humphray,Dong Hoon Jeong,Jing Yi,Anika Jöcker,Steve Kenton,Dong Jin Kim,Kathrin Klee,Hongshing Lai,Chunting Lang,Shaoping Lin,Simone Macmil,Ghislaine Magdelenat,Lucy Matthews,Jamison McCorrison,Erin L. Monaghan,Jeong Hwan Mun,Fares Z. Najar,Christine Nicholson,Céline Noirot,Majesta O’Bleness,Charles R. Paule,Julie Poulain,Florent Prion,Baifang Qin,Chunmei Qu,Ernest F. Retzel,Claire Riddle,Erika Sallet,Sylvie Samain,Nicolas Samson,Iryna Sanders,Olivier Saurat,Claude Scarpelli,Thomas Schiex,Béatrice Segurens,Andrew Severin,D. Janine Sherrier,Ruihua Shi,Sarah Sims,Susan R. Singer,Senjuti Sinharoy,Lieven Sterck,Agnès Viollet,Bing Bing Wang,Keqin Wang,Mingyi Wang,Xiaohong Wang,Jens Warfsmann,Jean Weissenbach,Doug White,Jim White,Graham B. Wiley,Patrick Wincker,Yanbo Xing,Limei Yang,Ziyun Yao,Ying Fu,Jixian Zhai,Liping Zhang,Antoine Zuber,Jean Dénarié,Richard A. Dixon,Gregory D. May,David C. Schwartz,Jane Rogers,Françis Quétier,Christopher D. Town,Bruce A. Roe

Medicago truncatula

Biology

Genome

2011

Legumes (Fabaceae or Leguminosae) are unique among cultivated plants for their ability to carry out endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobial bacteria, a process that takes place in a specialized structure known as the nodule. Legumes belong to one of the two main groups of eurosids, the Fabidae, which includes most species capable of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Legumes comprise several evolutionary lineages derived from a common ancestor 60 million years ago (Myr ago). Papilionoids are the largest clade, dating nearly to the origin of legumes and containing most cultivated species. Medicago truncatula is a long-established model for the study of legume biology. Here we describe the draft sequence of the M. truncatula euchromatin based on a recently completed BAC assembly supplemented with Illumina shotgun sequence, together capturing ∼94% of all M. truncatula genes. A whole-genome duplication (WGD) approximately 58 Myr ago had a major role in shaping the M. truncatula genome and thereby contributed to the evolution of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Subsequent to the WGD, the M. truncatula genome experienced higher levels of rearrangement than two other sequenced legumes, Glycine max and Lotus japonicus. M. truncatula is a close relative of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a widely cultivated crop with limited genomics tools and complex autotetraploid genetics. As such, the M. truncatula genome sequence provides significant opportunities to expand alfalfa's genomic toolbox.

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“The Medicago genome provides insight into the evolution of rhizobial symbioses” is a paper by Nevin D. Young Frédéric Debelle Giles Oldroyd René Geurts Steven B. Cannon Michael K. Udvardi Vagner A. Benedito Klaus Mayer Jérôme Gouzy Heiko Schoof Yves Van de Peer Sebastian Proost Douglas R. Cook Blake C. Meyers Manuel Spannagl Foo Cheung Stéphane De Mita Vivek Krishnakumar Heidrun Gundlach Shiguo Zhou Joann Mudge Arvind K. Bharti J. D. Murray Marina Naoumkina Benjamin D. Rosen Kevin A.T. Silverstein Haibao Tang Stéphane Rombauts Patrick Xuechun Zhao Peng Zhou Valérie Barbe Philippe Bardou Michael Bechner Arnaud Bellec Anne Berger Hélène Bergès Shelby L. Bidwell Ton Bisseling Nathalie Choisne Arnaud Couloux Roxanne Denny Shweta Deshpande Xinbin Dai Jeff J. Doyle Anne Marie Dudez Andrew Farmer Stéphanie Fouteau Carolien Franken Chrystel Gibelin John Gish Steven Goldstein Álvaro González Pamela J. Green Asis Hallab Marijke Hartog Axin Hua Sean Humphray Dong Hoon Jeong Jing Yi Anika Jöcker Steve Kenton Dong Jin Kim Kathrin Klee Hongshing Lai Chunting Lang Shaoping Lin Simone Macmil Ghislaine Magdelenat Lucy Matthews Jamison McCorrison Erin L. Monaghan Jeong Hwan Mun Fares Z. Najar Christine Nicholson Céline Noirot Majesta O’Bleness Charles R. Paule Julie Poulain Florent Prion Baifang Qin Chunmei Qu Ernest F. Retzel Claire Riddle Erika Sallet Sylvie Samain Nicolas Samson Iryna Sanders Olivier Saurat Claude Scarpelli Thomas Schiex Béatrice Segurens Andrew Severin D. Janine Sherrier Ruihua Shi Sarah Sims Susan R. Singer Senjuti Sinharoy Lieven Sterck Agnès Viollet Bing Bing Wang Keqin Wang Mingyi Wang Xiaohong Wang Jens Warfsmann Jean Weissenbach Doug White Jim White Graham B. Wiley Patrick Wincker Yanbo Xing Limei Yang Ziyun Yao Ying Fu Jixian Zhai Liping Zhang Antoine Zuber Jean Dénarié Richard A. Dixon Gregory D. May David C. Schwartz Jane Rogers Françis Quétier Christopher D. Town Bruce A. Roe published in 2011. It has an Open Access status of “hybrid”. You can read and download a PDF Full Text of this paper here.