Use of integrated ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT to improve the accuracy of initial cervical nodal evaluation in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Background. We investigated the accuracy of performing cervical nodal evaluation with using integrated 18 F‐fluoro deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck as compared with using PET and contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) alone. Methods. The presence of metastatic lymphadenopathy in each cervical nodal group (level I–VI) and the nodal (N) classification of 47 patients with SCC of the head and neck were determined by using PET, CECT, and PET/CT, respectively, and the results were verified according to the histopathologic findings. Results. Among the 91 foci that had abnormal uptake on PET, the combined PET/CT images provided additional information over PET for the anatomical localization and lesion characterization of 18 sites (19.8%) in 17 patients (36.2%). PET/CT also showed the best results among the three imaging modalities for the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (91.8, 98.9, and 97.1%, respectively) for predicting metastatic nodes on a level‐by‐level analysis, and PET/CT had a higher accuracy (85.1%) for the pathologic nodal classification over the clinical examinations (68.1%) or PET (70.2%). Conclusions. Combined PET/CT images are more accurate than the PET or CECT images alone for conducting cervical node evaluation in the patients suffering with head and neck SCC. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007