Y. Takahashi

Jet substructure has emerged to play a central role at the Large Hadron Collider, where it has provided numerous innovative ways to search for new physics and to probe the Standard Model, particularly in extreme regions of phase space. In this article we focus on a review of the development and use of state-of-the-art jet substructure techniques by the ATLAS and CMS experiments.

We study the theoretical properties and counterfactual predictions of a large class of general equilibrium trade and economic geography models. By combining aggregate factor supply and demand functions with market-clearing conditions, we prove that existence, uniqueness, and—given observed trade flows—the counterfactual predictions of any model within this class depend only on the demand and supply elasticities (“gravity constants”). Using a new “model-implied” instrumental variables approach, we estimate these gravity constants and use these estimates to compute the impact of a trade war between the United States and China.

A systematic study on the Λ ground state binding energy of hyperhydrogen HΛ4 measured at the Mainz Microtron MAMI is presented. The energy was deduced from the spectroscopy of mono-energetic pions from the two-body decays of hyperfragments, which were produced and stopped in a 9Be target. First data, taken in the year 2012 with a high resolution magnetic spectrometer, demonstrated an almost one order of magnitude higher precision than emulsion data, while being limited by systematic uncertainties. In 2014 an extended measurement campaign was performed with improved control over systematic effects, increasing the yield of hypernuclei and confirming the observation with two independent spectrometers and two targets of different thicknesses. The analysis of these data is in agreement with the previously published value for the HΛ4 binding energy as well as with a consistent re-analysis of the 2012 data. When compared to the HeΛ4 binding energy from emulsion data, a large charge symmetry breaking effect in the A=4 hypernuclear system is confirmed.

Elevated lactate levels are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with sepsis and shock. Intravenous glycerol administration is often used in Japan to treat patients with acute stroke or brain trauma, but such treatment can cause elevated lactate levels. We experienced a case of transient hyperlactatemia induced by intravenous glycerol administration in a patient with brain trauma. A 74-year-old woman underwent decompressive craniotomy because of loss of consciousness and brain edema. Glycerol was administered after the operation for management of the brain edema. Although the patient's hemodynamics remained stable, her lactate level decreased and increased repeatedly. We recognized that the elevation in her lactate level was associated with the administration of intravenous glycerol. This case suggests that intravenous glycerol administration can induce transient hyperlactatemia.

Abstract We successfully developed a new achromatic quarter wave film for anti‐reflection of OLEDs, consisting of multiple layers of liquid crystal materials. Applying an original optical design, a new liquid crystal compound, and multi‐layer coating technology, we realized OLEDs with very low reflection in all viewing angles. This new film can be produced in a rolled single‐sheet state, which enables the manufacture of a circular polarizer with high productivity by a conventional roll‐to‐roll process.

Stereoselective acylation of the E,E-vinylketene silyl N,O-acetal possessing a chiral auxiliary has been achieved by using acid anhydrides and SnCl4. Acid anhydrides having alkyl chains gave the adducts in excellent stereoselectivity. The formal synthesis of khafrefungin has been accomplished by the methodology.

The major toxicants in cigarette smoke, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, such as acrolein (ACR) and crotonaldehyde (CA), and α,β-unsaturated ketone, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), are known to form Michael-type adducts with glutathione (GSH) and consequently cause intracellular GSH depletion, which is involved in cigarette smoke-induced cytotoxicity. We have previously clarified that exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) of a mouse melanoma cell culture medium causes rapid reduction of intracellular GSH levels, and that the GSH–MVK adduct can be detected by LC/MS analysis while the GSH–CA adduct is hardly detected. In the present study, to clarify why the GSH–CA adduct is difficult to detect in the cell medium, we conducted detailed investigation of the structures of the reaction products of ACR, CA, MVK and CSE in the GSH solution or the cell culture medium. The mass spectra indicated that in the presence of the cells, the GSH–CA and GSH–ACR adducts were almost not detected while their corresponding alcohols were detected. On the other hand, both the GSH–MVK adducts and their reduced products were detected. In the absence of the cells, the reaction of GSH with all α,β-unsaturated carbonyls produced only their corresponding adducts. These results show that the GSH adducts of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, CA and ACR, are quickly reduced by certain intracellular carbonyl reductase(s) and excreted from the cells, unlike the GSH adduct of α,β-unsaturated ketone, MVK. Such a difference in reactivity to the carbonyl reductase might be related to differences in the cytotoxicity of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.

What is the best way to reduce trade frictions when resources are scarce?To answer this question, we develop a framework that nests previous general equilibrium gravity models and show that the macro-economic implications of these various models depend crucially on two key model parameters, which we term the "gravity constants."Based only on the value of the gravity constants, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the trade equilibrium and, given observed trade flows, completely characterize all comparative statics for any change in bilateral trade frictions.We then develop a methodology for estimating these gravity constants without needing to assume a particular micro-foundation of the gravity trade model.Finally, we use these results to derive the set of trade friction reductions that (to a first-order) maximize welfare gains given an arbitrary constraint.

We demonstrate an inner surface profile measurement that has a smooth spatial distribution. A supercontinuum beam suppresses the speckle contrast to 22% and the standard deviation of the point cloud to 40%, compared to equivalent values obtained by use of a conventional green He–Ne laser at a wavelength of 543.5 nm. A compact probe for the inner surface profile measurements using the supercontinuum beam measures the depth removed by wear of a small hole in an automobile component. The radial spatial resolution was evaluated to be 2 μm, which was of the same order as the wavelength of the supercontinuum beam. The supercontinuum beam enables fivefold improvement of the radial spatial resolution compared to the monochromatic wavelength beam because of a reduction in speckle effects.

In characteristic 0, the Campana-Peternell conjecture claims that the only smooth Fano variety with nef tangent bundle should be homogeneous. In this paper, we study the positive characteristic version of the Campana-Peternell conjecture. In particular, we give an affirmative answer for Fano 4-folds with nef tangent bundle and Picard number greater than one.

We demonstrate a calibration method for endoscopic three-dimensional shape measurement with cone beam projection. In this method, changes in the shape of the optical sectioning profiles are quantified and fitted while scanning a calibration board in the depth direction, using a cubic function. In accuracy tests using a flat plate and a ring reference gauge, the proposed method obtains an accuracy of 0.02 mm in the depth dimension and 0.09 mm in the radial dimension. These results represent 88% and 55% improvements compared to previous analysis. For medical applications, an ear examination simulator was employed, and our measurement results were compared to ground truth data obtained by microfocus X-ray computed tomography. The surface deviation of our method relative to the ground truth data was ±0.36mm during manual operation. A comparison of the measurement results before and after calibration revealed an improvement in the peak agreement with the ground truth data, with the deviation shifting from 0.2 mm to −0.05mm. Our strategy achieves a digital transformation of 3D endoscopy, which would benefit a number of medical fields.

We describe the structure of the quotient $\mathfrak{G}/\mathfrak{H}$ of a formal supergroup $\mathfrak{G}$ by its formal sub-supergroup $\mathfrak{H}$. This is a consequence which arises as a continuation of the authors' work (partly with M. Hashi) on algebraic/analytic supergoups.The results are presented and proved in terms of super-cocommutative Hopf superalgebras. The notion of co-free super-coalgebras plays a role, in particular.

We describe the structure of the quotient G/H of a formal supergroup G by its formal sub-supergroup H. This is a consequence which arises as a continuation of the authors' work (partly with M. Hoshi) on algebraic/analytic supergoups. The results are presented and proved in terms of super-cocommutative Hopf superalgebras. The notion of co-free super-coalgebras plays a role, in particular.

Proton knockout reactions on carbon isotopes p(9–16C,2p)8–15B at 250 MeV/A were performed for systematic information on weakly- to strongly-bound 1p valence protons and deeply-bound 1s inner-shell protons. Various information such as the s-hole distributions, excitation energy of the s-hole states, momentum widths for 1s and 1p orbits, and relative (p,2p) yields are obtained.

Cigarette smoke contains many harmful chemicals, which contribute to the pathogenesis of smoking-related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke is well documented, but the definitive mechanism behind its toxicity remains unknown. Ingredients in cigarette smoke are known to deplete intracellular glutathione (GSH), the most abundant cellular thiol antioxidant, and to cause oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cytotoxicity in B16-BL6 mouse melanoma (B16-BL6) cells using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CSE and ingredients in cigarette smoke, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and crotonaldehyde (CA), reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, CSE and the ingredients (m/z 70, each) irreversibly reacted with GSH (m/z 308) to form GSH adducts (m/z 378) in cells and considerably decreased cellular GSH levels at concentrations that do not cause cell death. Mass spectral data showed that the major product formed in cells exposed to CSE was the GSH-MVK adduct via Michael-addition and was not the GSH-CA adduct. These results indicate that MVK included in CSE reacts with GSH in cells to form the GSH-MVK adduct, and thus a possible reason for CSE-induced cytotoxicity is a decrease in intracellular GSH levels.

Here, we discuss the fabrication of biomimetic bundle-structured gel fibres using a microfluidic device and the rapid cross-linking of a phase-separated polymer blend solution.

A high-resolution study of the 12C(p, n)12N and 16O(p, n)16F reactions was made at Ep = 35 and 40 MeV. The low-lying states in 12N(1+, 2+ and 2−) and in 16F(0−, 1−, 2− and 3−) were clearly resolved, and their angular distributions were measured. Extensive DWBA analysis was made and compared with the data. The calculated angular distribution shapes are found to be in agreement with the data and insensitive to the choice of the parameters involved. On the other hand, the magnitudes of the DWBA cross sections depend strongly on the bound state parameters in the case of a transition from a tightly bound state to a loosley bound state. In the other cases the overall uncertainty of the DWBA cross section magnitudes was estimated to be about ±30%. Within this uncertainty the experimental cross sections for the 12C(p, n) reaction were explained by the calculation, but those for the 16O(p, n) reaction were not: the observed strengths were about a half of the calculated values. Since these results agree with those at intermediate energies, the origin of the discrepancy is considered to be in the structure of the mass 16 nuclei rather than in reaction dynamics. In general, the present results compare well with those at intermediate energies, indicating that the structure information extracted from low-energy, high-resolution (p, n) data is basically sound if careful analysis of the data is made.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a progressive airway obstruction that is not completely reversible and is mainly caused by smoking tobacco. COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and there are currently no proven effective treatments. The pathogenesis of COPD involves several factors such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Cytokines play important roles in chronic inflammation. Thalidomide (Thal) has been used to treat multiple myeloma due to its inhibitory effects on IL-6-induced cell growth. We recently demonstrated that thalidomide (Thal) played important roles in cytokine-induced lung damage in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in mice. We herein examined the preventative effects of Thal on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced emphysematous changes in mice. We performed histological examinations and quantitative measurements of the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA, as well as apoptosis in CSE-induced mouse lung tissues treated with or without Thal. The results of the histological examination showed that Thal ameliorated CSE-induced emphysema in mice. It also inhibited the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in mouse lung tissues. Thal decreased apoptosis in the mouse lung. In vitro studies revealed that Thal decreased 1) the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in human lung epithelial cells, and 2) CSE-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of cell growth, which may be the underlying mechanisms for the preventative effects of Thal on emphysema. These results provide a rationale for exploring the clinical use of Thal for COPD.

Using the determinantal formula of Biane, Bougerol, and O'Connell, we give multitime joint probability densities to the noncolliding Brownian motion with drift, where the number of particles is finite. We study a special case such that the initial positions of particles are equidistant with a period $a$ and the values of drift coefficients are well-ordered with a scale $\sigma$. We show that, at each time $t >0$, the single-time probability density of particle system is exactly transformed to the biorthogonal Stieltjes-Wigert matrix model in the Chern-Simons theory introduced by Dolivet and Tierz. Here one-parameter extensions ($\theta$-extensions) of the Stieltjes-Wigert polynomials, which are themselves $q$-extensions of the Hermite polynomials, play an essential role. The two parameters $a$ and $\sigma$ of the process combined with time $t$ are mapped to the parameters $q$ and $\theta$ of the biorthogonal polynomials. By the transformation of normalization factor of our probability density, the partition function of the Chern-Simons matrix model is readily obtained. We study the determinantal structure of the matrix model and prove that, at each time $t >0$, the present noncolliding Brownian motion with drift is a determinantal point process, in the sense that any correlation function is given by a determinant governed by a single integral kernel called the correlation kernel. Using the obtained correlation kernel, we study time evolution of the noncolliding Brownian motion with drift.

In a previous study performed by our group, we demonstrated that the water extract of Cordyceps sinensis (WECS) significantly prevented tumor metastasis from the spleen to the liver, using B16-F0 mouse melanoma cells as a model. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastatic activity of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine), one of the components of WECS, using an identical model of mice injected with B16-F0 cells into the spleen. All mice inoculated with B16-F0 cells died due to liver metastases via the portal vein from the spleen. Control mice not administered cordycepin exhibited higher serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) due to damage to the liver by metastasized B16-F0 cells from the spleen, and survival times ranged from 17 to 22 days after tumor inoculation. Cordycepin was intraperitoneally administered to mice, and resulted in significantly lower serum ALT levels and longer survival times than those observed in control mice. Taken together, these results indicate that cordycepin may be the active ingredient in C. sinensis exerting an anti-metastatic effect, and may be a potential candidate anti-metastatic agent.

Cigarette smoke, a collection of many toxic chemicals, contributes to the pathogenesis of smoking-related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. Much work has been done on the chemical analysis of ingredients in cigarette smoke, but there are few reports on the active ingredients that can modify biomolecules. We used a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and LC/MS/MS method to show that L-tyrosine (Tyr), an amino acid with a highly reactive hydroxyl group, readily reacts with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) at body temperature (37°C) to form various Tyr derivatives. Among these derivatives were N-(3-oxobutyl)-Tyr and two acetylated compounds, N-acetyl-Tyr and O-acetyl-Tyr, which were synthesized by reaction of Tyr with methyl vinyl ketone and acetic anhydride, respectively, at 37°C. The presence of methyl vinyl ketone and acetic anhydride in CSE was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These results indicate that Tyr can easily react with active ingredients in CSE. The present analytical methods should aid the search for active ingredients in cigarette smoke.

When a two-phase material has a bicontinuous and interpenetrating structure, the coarsening process during thermal annealing involves complex changes in morphology. Such a bicontinuous two-phase (solid/solid) structure is formed by sintering mixed metal and ceramic powders. This structure is used for electrodes in electronic devices. Here we demonstrate clearly that the coarsening of bicontinuous solid/solid two-phase material is accelerated by stress-induced instability similar to the ATG instability occurring in thin films. We used a metallic heating element embedded in a ceramic substrate as a model. The coarsening of Pt/alumina bicontinuous structure was enhanced by thermal stress during heating and cooling cycles. The coarsening was not appreciably affected by the electric current in Joule heating. The coarsening of the bicontinuous structure leads to the electrical breakdown of the electrodes. The analysis of stress-induced instability provides methods for improving the lifetime and reliability of electronic devices under thermal cycling.

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO), which uses a large number of antenna, has been investigated to realize high-speed wireless communications.However, as the number of antenna increases, the number of components also increases.In addition, it has the problem that circuit mounting becomes difficult due to the narrow antenna spacing and increased loss and phase deviation.To solve these problems, this paper proposes a compact configuration for concurrent multi-beams.The proposed antenna is composed of a one-dimensional patch array antenna and a Butler matrix, which are stacked on top of each other in a staircase configuration.The proposed antenna is fabricated by stacking several identical substrates, reducing design and manufacturing costs.Fixed beam steering can be realized depending on the input port of the Butler matrix.In addition, the phase shifter can steer beams in the direction orthogonal to beam steering by the Butler matrix.To verify the design results, the prototype antenna, an 8 × 8 patch array antenna consisting of eight substrates, is fabricated at 28 GHz.Beam steering was achieved in the range of -55 • to 55 • by inputting the outputs to the respective ports of the Butler matrix and in the range of -29 • to 25 • by phase shifter.

Abstract An experimental study of the 24 Mg(p, n) 24 Al reaction at E p = 35 MeV was carried out. High-resolution neutron time-of-flight spectra were measured at 17 angles in a range of 0°–110°. Neutron peaks corresponding to seventeen states in 24 A1 have been resolved. A number of spin-parity assignments have been made based on distorted-wave Born-approximation (DWBA) analyses for the measured angular distributions, using microscopic transition amplitudes obtained from the 1s0d shell model for positive-parity states and those from the 0s0p-1s0d-1p0f open-shell randomphase approximation (OSRPA) for negative-parity states. Reasonable correlation between the low-energy (p, n) cross section and the β-decay strength has been found for the observed 0 + →1 + Gamow-Teller transitions leading to the 0.439, 1.116 and 3.023 MeV states in 24 Al. The 1.56 MeV 5 + state has been identified as a 0 h ω stretched state, in addition to the 5.54 MeV, 6 state of 1 h ω character. Candidates for the 1 h ω negative-parity transitions leading to the 2, 3, 4 states are also presented.

Abstract We investigated how to achieve desired optical properties of quarter wave retardation films QWFs that increase the viewing angle of time‐sequential stereoscopic 3D liquid crystal displays LCDs, such as high luminance, low crosstalk, low color change, and low head‐tilt‐angle dependency. These display properties were strongly affected by the out‐of plane retardation Rth of the QWF. We developed QWFs whose in‐plane and out‐of‐plane retardation are independently controllable by adjustment of a polymerized discotic material layer and a triacetate cellulose film, and 3D‐LCDs with high viewing angle properties were realized using these QWFs whose Rth was nearly zero.

A rearing study was undertaken to investigate whether trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity reduction in soy protein concentrate (SPC) derived from soymilk can afford more replacement of fish meal (FM) protein in the diet of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major. A diet containing 67% FM as the sole protein source was used as the control (C). SPC products with TI activities of 36, 21 and 13 TIU/mg sample were prepared. Approximately 80% of FM protein in diet C was replaced by a combination of SPC products and corn gluten meal (4:1) and referred to as T36, T21 and T13, respectively. Aqueous krill extract (KE) was added at 1% in diets T36, T21 and T13 and termed T36K, T21K and T13K, respectively. Phytase was supplemented at 1000 FTU/kg diet in all SPC-based diets. Each of seven diets was fed to a group of 20 fish (mean weight 19 g) in triplicate twice per day to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. The final mean weight (P = 0.001), specific growth rate (SGR) (P = 0.001) and feed efficiency (FE) (P = 0.002) were significantly lower in fish fed the T36 and T36K diets than in those fed the other diets. However, there were no significant differences in final mean weight (P = 0.088), SGR (P = 0.314) and FE (P = 0.829) in fish fed diets T21, T13, T21K and T13K compared to the control diet. Although there were no significant differences in the digestibility of protein (P = 0.076) and energy (P = 0.066) among the treatments, the productive values of protein (P = 0.002) and energy (P = 0.001) were significantly reduced in fish fed the T36 and T36K diets. In contrast, a significantly lower phosphorus (P) retention efficiency (P = 0.026) in fish fed the control diet resulted in significantly higher P discharge (P = 0.001) to the environment compared with diets T21, T13, T21K and T13K. There were no major variations in hematocrit level or plasma constituents among the treatments, except glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and triglyceride. The results suggest that the reduction in TI activity at ≤21 TIU/mg sample (≤9.66 TIU/mg diet) in SPC from soymilk made it possible to replace 80% of FM protein without affecting growth performance and health status. Moreover, a significant reduction in P discharge suggests that ecological benefits can be achieved through improving diet utility by reducing TI activity in SPCs derived from soymilk.

Abstract Optical films using liquid crystal materials are key components for enhancing the display performance of LCDs etc. Especially, Wide View film (WV film), which has a hybrid alignment of polymerized discotic materials, has been used worldwide in TN‐LCDs as a main LCD mode for monitors. In this paper, we show the evolution of polymerized discotic materials alignment, leading to (i) new WV film featuring highly improved grayscale image qualities for TN‐LCDs, (ii) novel film patterned retarder (FPR) for reduced oblique cross‐talk in 3D displays, and (iii) achromatic quarter wave film for OLEDs, made by a roll‐to‐roll process.

The partition function of the Chern-Simons theory on the three-sphere with the unitary group U(N) provides a one-matrix model. The corresponding N-particle system can be mapped to the determinantal point process whose correlation kernel is expressed by using the Stieltjes-Wigert orthogonal polynomials. The matrix model and the point process are regarded as q-extensions of the random matrix model in the Gaussian unitary ensemble and its eigenvalue point process, respectively. We prove the convergence of the N-particle system to an infinite-dimensional determinantal point process in N → ∞, in which the correlation kernel is expressed by Jacobi's theta functions. We show that the matrix model obtained by this limit realizes the oscillatory matrix model in Chern-Simons theory discussed by de Haro and Tierz.

The experiments of the PXR performance carried out for the target crystals with different cutting planes have shown significant difference in the PXR property, which suggests another way to increase the PXR intensity than by increasing the electron beam current. In order to investigate the effect of the geometrical condition of the crystal surface on the PXR property, the experiments have been carried out for the target crystal with a knife-edge-shaped cut surface. For the case with symmetric Bragg geometry on the front surface and asymmetric condition on the rear surface, the rather low intensity X-ray beam has shown considerably good spatial coherence. The X-ray beam with narrow line width has made it possible to obtain X-ray absorption spectra with a high resolution. In contrast, relatively high intensity, which enabled taking an absorption image with the exposure for several tens of seconds, has been obtained for the geometry with asymmetric front surface and symmetric rear surface. This configuration, however, has raised a problem of degradation in the spatial coherence of the X-rays due to the superposition of two different X-ray beams.

Negatively charged pions from two-body decays of stopped Λ4H hypernuclei were studied in 2012 at the Mainz Microtron MAMI, Germany. The momenta of the decay-pions were measured with unprecedented precision by using high-resolution magnetic spectrometers. A challenge of the experiment was the tagging of kaons from associated K+∧ production off a Be target at very forward angles. In the year 2014, this experiment was continued with a better control of the systematic uncertainties, with better suppression of coincident and random background, improved particle identification, and with higher luminosities. Another key point of the progress was the improvement in the absolute momentum calibration of the magnetic spectrometers.

Examining plasma metabolic profiling during pregnancy and postpartum could help clinicians understand the risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) development. This analysis targeted paired plasma metabolites in mid-late gestational and 1 month postpartum periods in women with (n = 209) or without (n = 222) PPD. Gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry was used to analyze plasma metabolites at these two time points. Among the 170 objected plasma metabolites, principal component analysis distinguished pregnancy and postpartum metabolites but failed to discriminate women with and without PPD. Compared to women without PPD, those with PPD exhibited 37 metabolites with disparate changes during pregnancy and the 1-month postpartum period and an enriched citrate cycle. Machine learning and multivariate statistical analysis identified two or three compounds that could be potential biomarkers for PPD prediction during pregnancy. Our findings suggest metabolic disturbances in women with depression and may help to elucidate metabolic processes associated with PPD development.

The high peak intensity achieved with ultrashort pump pulses drastically increases the conversion efficiency in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. However, when ultrashort pulses are used, dispersion limits the degree of squeezing. Here, we investigate the effects of dispersion on both quadrature squeezing and photon statistics by varying the interaction length when pumping a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal with femtosecond pulses. The down-converted light in the 1550 nm telecom band attains its maximum observed squeezing level of 3.1 dB for the shortest interaction length. Our photon-statistics measurements agree with the photon-pair distribution going from thermal to Poissonian as the interaction length is increased. This is explained by considering the dispersion-induced distinguishability of the generated photon pairs.

We report on a novel deposition technique of tetracene (naphthacene) thin films on SiO2/Si substrates by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) using CO2. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show that the thin films consist of a high density of submicron-sized grains. The growth mode of the grains followed the Volmer–Weber mode. X-ray diffraction shows that the thin films have regularly arranged structures in both the horizontal and vertical directions of the substrate. A fabricated top-contacted organic thin-film transistor with the tetracene active layer showed p-type transistor characteristics with a field-effect mobility of 5.1 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1.

It is known that there exist very large features in turbulent channel flow at high Reynolds number as well as in pipe flow and turbulent boundary layer. In addition, a low frequency peak was observed in spectra of the streamwise velocity fluctuation in transitional and low-Reynolds-number but turbulent channel flows. In this study, the large-scale fluctuation observed at the low Reynolds number has been experimentally explored with increasing Reynolds number by means of a hot wire anemometry. There are two peaks in the streamwise velocity spectra for transitional flow for 1800 ≤ Re ≤ 2600, where Re is the Reynolds number based on the bulk velocity and the channel width. The high-frequency peak corresponds to the turbulent vortices that have the same order of magnitude as the channel width, while the low-frequency peak is due to passages of the turbulent patches whose streamwise scale is greater than ten channel widths. It is surprising that the low frequency peak remains even up to Re=3000 at which the flow is fully turbulent. Furthermore, a spectral plateau around the frequency corresponding to 25 channel widths is confirmed up to Re=4000, indicating that there exist very-large-scale fluctuations in turbulent channel flow even at low Reynolds number.

We investigated the effect of a nicotine-and tar-free cigarette smoke extract (CSE) using an experimental metastasis mouse model which was intravenously injected with B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells.Three-hour pretreatment of cells with various concentrations of CSE (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 1%) dose-dependently reduced the number of lung metastatic nodules 14 days after tumor injection.To elucidate the mechanism of this anti-metastatic effect of CSE, we examined the invasion and migration activities of B16-BL6 cells pretreated with CSE for three hours in vitro.CSE significantly reduced the invasion of cells at 1% and the migration at 0.3% and 1%.Under the same pretreatment conditions, CSE had no effect on the proliferation of cells.These findings suggest that CSE contains some ingredients that suppress hematogenic lung metastasis via inhibition of the invasion and migration activities of mouse melanoma cells.

Massive MIMO is expected to realize a large capacity for wireless communication technology. To reduce the number of devices of the massive MIMO, utilizing a two-dimensional Butler matrix for the feed circuit has been investigated, but complexing its design. We have proposed a Massive MIMO configuration using a stacked Butler matrix and a staircase array antenna to reduce the circuit design cost. This letter proposes a V-shape staircase array antenna with a stacked Butler matrix to reduce antenna profile. Computer simulation clarifies the beam steering range for the proposed antenna.

<p>Supplementary Figure Legends</p>

<p>Figure S1. Copy numbers of YES1 in osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S2. PARP and MET expressions in MET-amplified osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S3. Relative ALDH1A1 and ABCB1 expression levels using qRT-PCR in NSCLC EGFR-mutant cell lines and their corresponding osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S4. Expressions of AXL protein in NSCLC EGFR-mutant cell lines and their corresponding osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S5. Copy numbers of AXL in osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S6. siRNA and combined drug treatment studies in HCC4006 and HCC4006 resistant cells. Figure S7. Combined treatment with AXL knockdown and osimertinib in H1975 and H1975 resistant cells.</p>

<p>Table S1. ClearSeq Cancer Panel Gene List</p>

<p>Supplementary Figure Legends</p>

<p>Figure S1. Copy numbers of YES1 in osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S2. PARP and MET expressions in MET-amplified osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S3. Relative ALDH1A1 and ABCB1 expression levels using qRT-PCR in NSCLC EGFR-mutant cell lines and their corresponding osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S4. Expressions of AXL protein in NSCLC EGFR-mutant cell lines and their corresponding osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S5. Copy numbers of AXL in osimertinib-resistant cell lines. Figure S6. siRNA and combined drug treatment studies in HCC4006 and HCC4006 resistant cells. Figure S7. Combined treatment with AXL knockdown and osimertinib in H1975 and H1975 resistant cells.</p>

<p>Table S1. ClearSeq Cancer Panel Gene List</p>

Radio over fiber (RoF) is attracting much attention as one way to realize high frequency bands (above about 10 GHz) systems. A fixed wavelength allocation beamforming scheme has been proposed to attain the desired link budget in such systems. However, this beamforming performance is degraded with massive antenna elements, because of increasing the phase error due to chromatic dispersion. Therefore, we propose a novel beam control method for the scheme, that implements beamforming initially with just a few antenna elements negligible beamforming deterioration. In this letter, the proposed method characteristics is evaluated, and the effects of suppressing beamforming deterioration and improving beamforming gain are shown.

Since the 1990s, Japan's economy has faced stagnation. A prevalent perception is that this prolonged stagnation is heavily tied to Japan's struggle with deflation and the zero lower bound (ZLB) of nominal interest rates. However, upon closer examination of various measures, we find little evidence supporting this perception and conclude that the costs of deflation and ZLB are elusive. Moreover, we show that a slight extension of the three-equation New Keynesian model can account for Japan's near-zero inflation together with the zero nominal interest rate and low growth. Therefore, any assertion that Japan is trapped by costly deflation and ZLB must first be substantiated by empirical evidence.

症例は77歳，女性．7年前に早期胃癌に対して内視鏡的粘膜下層剥離術（ESD）を施行した．定期フォロー中，CA19-9の上昇を認めた．腹部造影CTで胃幽門前庭部大彎側に25mm大の腫瘤を認め，PET-CTでは同部位にFDG集積を認めた．上部消化管内視鏡検査では明らかな粘膜病変は認めず，超音波内視鏡で腫瘤は胃壁外に存在し，針生検で腺癌と診断された．既往の胃癌組織像とは形態が異なっていたが，病歴より胃癌ESD後リンパ節再発の可能性を考慮し，外科的切除の方針とした．術中所見では，胃幽門輪近傍に腫瘤を認め，幽門側胃切除術，D2リンパ節郭清を行った．病理組織学的検査では，病変は粘膜下層から漿膜下層に存在し，粘膜面への露出はなく，腫瘍の周囲には異所性膵が認められ，腫瘍辺縁の膵管内に上皮内癌を認めた．以上より，異所性膵由来の腺癌と診断した．胃異所性膵癌の報告例は比較的稀であり，若干の文献的考察を含めて報告する．

We have demonstrated simultaneous detection of the polarization states and wavefront of light using a 7 × 7 array of angular variant micro-retarder-lenses. Manipulating the angular variant polarization with our optical element allows us to determine the two-dimensional distribution of polarization states. We have also proposed a calibration method for polarization measurements using our micro-retarder-lens array, allowing accurate detection of polarization states with an ellipticity of ± 0.01 and an azimuth of ± 1.0°. We made wavefront measurements using the micro-retarder-lens array, achieving a resolution of 25 nm. We conducted simultaneous detection of the polarization states and wavefront on four types of structured beam as samples. The results show that the two-dimensional distributions of the polarization states and wavefront for the four types of structured light are radially and azimuthally polarized beams, as well as left- and right-hand optical vortices. Our sensing technology has the potential to enhance our understanding of the nature of light in the fields of laser sciences, astrophysics, and even ophthalmology.

<div>Abstract<p>Osimertinib (AZD9291) has an efficacy superior to that of standard EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the first-line treatment of patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, patients treated with osimertinib eventually acquire drug resistance, and novel therapeutic strategies to overcome acquired resistance are needed. In clinical or preclinical models, several mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib have been elucidated. However, the acquired resistance mechanisms when osimertinib is initially used for <i>EGFR</i>-mutant NSCLC remain unclear. In this study, we experimentally established acquired osimertinib-resistant cell lines from <i>EGFR</i>-mutant NSCLC cell lines and investigated the molecular profiles of resistant cells to uncover the mechanisms of acquired resistance. Various resistance mechanisms were identified, including the acquisition of <i>MET</i> amplification, EMT induction, and the upregulation of AXL. Using targeted next-generation sequencing with a multigene panel, no secondary mutations were detected in our resistant cell lines. Among three <i>MET</i>-amplified cell lines, one cell line was sensitive to a combination of osimertinib and crizotinib. Acquired resistance cell lines derived from H1975 harboring the T790M mutation showed AXL upregulation, and the cell growth of these cell lines was suppressed by a combination of osimertinib and cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases including AXL, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Our results suggest that AXL might be a therapeutic target for overcoming acquired resistance to osimertinib.</p>Implications:<p>Upregulation of AXL is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib, and combination of osimertinib and cabozantinib might be a key treatment for overcoming osimertinib resistance.</p></div>

<div>Abstract<p>Osimertinib (AZD9291) has an efficacy superior to that of standard EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the first-line treatment of patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, patients treated with osimertinib eventually acquire drug resistance, and novel therapeutic strategies to overcome acquired resistance are needed. In clinical or preclinical models, several mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib have been elucidated. However, the acquired resistance mechanisms when osimertinib is initially used for <i>EGFR</i>-mutant NSCLC remain unclear. In this study, we experimentally established acquired osimertinib-resistant cell lines from <i>EGFR</i>-mutant NSCLC cell lines and investigated the molecular profiles of resistant cells to uncover the mechanisms of acquired resistance. Various resistance mechanisms were identified, including the acquisition of <i>MET</i> amplification, EMT induction, and the upregulation of AXL. Using targeted next-generation sequencing with a multigene panel, no secondary mutations were detected in our resistant cell lines. Among three <i>MET</i>-amplified cell lines, one cell line was sensitive to a combination of osimertinib and crizotinib. Acquired resistance cell lines derived from H1975 harboring the T790M mutation showed AXL upregulation, and the cell growth of these cell lines was suppressed by a combination of osimertinib and cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases including AXL, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Our results suggest that AXL might be a therapeutic target for overcoming acquired resistance to osimertinib.</p>Implications:<p>Upregulation of AXL is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib, and combination of osimertinib and cabozantinib might be a key treatment for overcoming osimertinib resistance.</p></div>

Abstract We have studied far-infrared coherent radiation with S-band linacs at Laboratory for Electron Beam Re-search and Application (LEBRA) at Nihon University and at Kyoto University Free Electron Laser. We have already developed a couple of terahertz-wave sources based on coherent synchrotron radiation and coherent transition radiation, which have been applied to spectroscopic research. Moreover, we developed coherent edge radiation (CER) at the downstream bending magnets in the FEL sections. Because the edge radiation has an annular shape distribution characterized by the asymmetric first-order Laguerre-Gaussian mode, the CER can be extracted from an optical cavity of the FEL system without a diffraction loss of the FEL beam. The root-mean-squared bunch length of the electron beam was evaluated by measuring the CER spectra, which was about the same level as the FEL micropulse width. Although the infrared FELs at LEBRA had a long slippage length, the FEL energy became higher as the bunch length was shorter. The CER intensity can be a guidepost enhancing the FEL power because of the existence of their correlation.

To evaluate the performance of sealing materials used in the screw-access holes of screw-retained implant final superstructures in vivo and in vitro.Twenty-one screw-access holes in the final superstructures were randomly divided into three groups (each group, n = 7). Following disinfection and isolation, all access holes were initially filled with sterilised cotton pellets of the same weight. Depending on the group, the access holes were finally sealed with either provisional composite restorations (group A), self-curing resin for provisional sealing (group B), or acrylic resin (group C). After one month of the functional period, the inner cotton pellets were collected as bacterial reservoirs.Total aerobic bacteria and total gram-negative anaerobic bacteria were measured after bacterial culture for 48 h and 72 h, respectively. In vitro evaluation of porosity using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed. Samples from superstructures sealed with provisional composite restorations showed fewer bacteria and less porosity than samples from superstructures sealed with self-curing resin for provisional sealing and acrylic resin. In this study, provisional composite restorations showed the best sealing properties. Provisional composite restorations may prevent bacterial invasion of the access holes of the final superstructures.In this study, provisional composite restorations showed the best sealing properties. Provisional composite restorations may prevent bacterial invasion of the access holes of the final superstructures.

Visible-luminescent lanthanide (LnL) complexes with a highly planar tetradentate ligand were successfully developed for a visible-light solid-state excitation system. L was designed by using two 2-hydroxy-3-(2-pyridinyl)-benzaldehyde molecules bridged by ethylenediamine, which was then coordinated to a series of Ln ions (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Yb). From the measurement of single-crystal X-ray analysis of EuL, two phenolic O atoms and two imine N atoms in L were coordinated to the Eu ion, and each π-electronic system took coplanar with the edged-pyridine moiety through an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The enol group on the phenolic skeleton changed to the keto form, and the pyridine was protonated. Thus, intramolecular proton transfer occurred in L after the complexation. Other complexes take isostructure. The space group is P-1, and the c-axis shrinks with decreasing temperature without a phase transition in EuL. The yellow color caused by the planar structure of L can sensitize ff emission by visible light, and the luminescence color of each complex depends on central Ln ions. Furthermore, a phosphorescence band also appeared at rt with ff emission in LnL. Drastic temperature dependence of luminescence was clarified quantitatively.

56歳女性. 1990年に胆道系酵素の上昇を指摘され, 近医に入院し肝生検を施行され, 原発性胆汁性肝硬変 (PBC) と診断された. 無治療で経過観察されていたが, 1997年に肝障害の増悪があり, ウルソデオキシコール酸 (UDCA) の服用で肝機能の改善が得られた. UDCA投与2年後, 同剤の休薬2カ月目に急性肝炎様の肝障害が出現し当科入院. IgG値の上昇と肝生検にて慢性活動性肝炎像が認められPBCと自己免疫性肝炎 (AIH) の overlap と診断した. UDCAに加えて, コルチコステロイドの投与にて, 肝機能は速やかに正常化し, 現在も経過観察中である. PBCの経過中に急性肝炎様にAIHを発症した症例を経験した.

We report on an investigation to the effects of supercritical solution concentrations on the crystal morphology, crystallinity, growth rate, and number density of anthracene grains in thin films on silicon substrates by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) using carbon dioxide to examine the crystal growth mechanism of anthracene thin films. The solution concentrations varied in the range of 2.10–7.15×10−5 (molar fraction) at an equilibrium temperature of 318.2 K and an equilibrium pressure of 15.0 MPa and in the range of 1.72–6.34×10−5 (molar fraction) at an equilibrium temperature of 328.2 K and an equilibrium pressure of 15.0 MPa. The morphology of the grains was island-like at higher solution concentrations and was dendritic or fractal at lower solution concentrations. The growth rate of dendritic grains was higher than that of island-like grains and the trend of the growth rate changed at a concentration of 3.40×10−5 (molar fraction; a threshold concentration) with a change in morphology of grains from dendritic to island-like. Although the number densities of island-like and dendritic grains increased almost linearly with the solution concentration, the trend in the number density of grains also changed at the threshold concentration, with the change in morphology from dendritic to island-like grains. The crystal growth of grains deposited on the substrate was dominant and most of the given supersaturation was consumed for the crystal growth of grains at solution concentrations lower than the threshold concentration. At solution concentrations higher than the threshold concentration, the crystal nucleation on the substrate was dominant and most of the given supersaturation was consumed for the crystal nucleation of grains, followed by the crystal growth of the grains.

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory onboard the Japanese Experiment Module is an international mission designed to identify the astrophysical origin and physical nature of ultra high‐energy (UHE) cosmic particles with energies E>7×1019 eV. It uses a near‐UV 2.5 m diameter telescope with a field of view of 60 degrees to detect the fluorescence and Cherenkov light emitted along the linear track generated by UHE particle traversing the earth’s atmosphere. The JEM‐EUSO mission is designed to observe at least 103 particles. The energy and arrival direction of each particle will be accurately measured while all‐sky is covered and monitored. The primary science goal of the mission is particle astronomy. The high statistics of JEM‐EUSO will be essential to identify the sources of the highest energy particles, and to measure their spectrum. This will allow a deeper understanding of the production, acceleration, and in situ propagation mechanisms of UHE cosmic rays. Through the study of the sky distribution of these extreme events, we can probe the galactic and local extragalactic magnetic field. The spectrum of scientific goals of the JEM‐EUSO mission includes as exploratory objectives the detection of UHE γ‐rays and neutrinos, and tests of relativity and quantum gravity effects at extreme energies. Other aspects of fundamental physics that will be studied include predictions of top‐down models and the behavior of neutrino cross sections at extreme energies. Eventually, JEM‐EUSO will also systematically survey atmospheric phenomena over the Earth surface. In this paper we summarize the science case and objectives of this challenging but fascinating mission.

This study intends to propose a testing method for examining the influence of combined drainage in the house drain on the drainage performance of the stack drainage system which is used for housing complexes. The study also intends to propose a drainage performance prediction technique using the testing method, and subsequently discusses the effectiveness of the testing method and the prediction technique. Subsequent to the previous paper, this paper aims to clarify, using the drainage system with special fittings, the following three points: (1) the aeration property of components of the model, which was proposed in the previous paper for predicting the pressure in the house drain when combined drainage occurs, and evaluate the adaptability of the model, (2) using the model, the prediction of the drainage performance of the house drain which is connected to the stack drainage system and compare acquired values to the SHASE-S206 values, (3) the discussion on the vertical height of the horizontal fixture drain branch against combine drainage, i.e. the horizontal fixture drain branch installable at the lowest floor from the house drain. Based on the above points, this paper also looks at the characteristics of combined drainage in the house drain, which are different when the house drain is on the drainage system with special fittings and when it is on the drainage system with JIS-DT fittings.

We report on an observation of an interference pattern from a slit–groove structure that was fabricated in a Au film. Although we had not used a double-slit, a Young-like interference pattern was observed. The origin of the interference pattern can be attributed to the fact that one cannot distinguish between the photon reemitted from the slit and that reemitted from the groove after the conversion of the photon to surface plasmons (SPs). We have investigated the modulation of the fringe visibility by varying the geometric parameters (slit–groove distance and depth of the grooves) in order to explore the properties of SPs. In our experiment, a visibility of 24% was obtained in the case of a slit–groove distance of 9.7 µm and a groove depth of 120 nm.

A unitary operator for the transformation from individual particles to Jacobi variables is constructed explicitly for particles of arbitrary masses. It is expressed as a product of rotation and squeezing operators using only canonical variables.

Cosmic ray data from the JACEE experiments are reviewed for the study of high energy heavy‐ion interactions. Characteristics of nucleus‐nucleus collision events are summarized with regard to: [1] multiplicity and pseudo‐rapidity density; [2] transverse momentum; [3] high multiplicity events; [4] correlation of high 〈PT〉 and high multiplicity/energy density; and [5] rapidity fluctuations and pair correlation. Data seem to suggest varieties of new characteristics in the hadronic multiparticle production, some of which are not readily reducible to the simple superposition models of nucleon‐nucleon collisions.

Torsors under affine groups are generalized in the super context by super-torsors under affine super-groups. We investigate those super-torsors by using Hopf-algebra language and techniques. It is explicitly shown, under suitable assumptions, that every super-torsor arises from an ordinary torsor. Especially, the objects with affinity restriction, or namely, the affine super-torsors and the affine ordinary torsors are shown to be precisely in one-to-one correspondence. The results play substantial roles in ongoing construction of super-symmetric Picard-Vessiot theory.

The Frenet-Serret equation is spinorized. It is proved that the integrability condition of the Frenet-Serret equation and the equation describing evolution agrees with the integrability condition of the spinor equations.

A measurement of the top-quark pair production cross-section is reported using proton-proton collision data at s=7 TeV recorded by ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are extracted from 2.05 fb−1 of data by requiring an isolated electron or muon, a large missing transverse momentum, two or more energetic jets and a hadronically decaying τ-lepton. The measured cross-section, σtt¯=186±13(stat.)±20(syst.)±7(lumi.) pb, is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction.

The recent LHC searches on rare and exotic Higgs boson decays are presented. The analyses are individually performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, using LHC run-1 dataset with an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. The standard model rare Higgs decays, such as H→ μμ, ee, and H → Z/γ(→ ``) + γ are reviewed first, followed by exotic decays, such as lepton-flavour violating decays (H → μτ , eτ , eμ) and decays into a pair of pseudoscalar Higgs bosons (H→ a1a1). Presented at LHCP2015 The 3rd Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics Rare and Exotic decays of the Higgs boson at the LHC Yuta Takahashi1 on behalf of the ATLAS and CMS collaborations 1European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Yuta.Takahashi@cern.ch Abstract. The recent LHC searches on rare and exotic Higgs boson decays are presented. The analyses are individually performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, using LHC run-1 dataset with an integrated luminosity of ∼ 20 fb−1. The standard model rare Higgs boson decays, such as H → μμ, H → ee, and H → Z/γ∗(→ ll) + γ are reviewed first, followed by exotic decays, such as lepton-flavour violating decays (H → μτ, eτ, eμ) and decays into a pair of pseudoscalar Higgs bosons (H → 2a1). The recent LHC searches on rare and exotic Higgs boson decays are presented. The analyses are individually performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, using LHC run-1 dataset with an integrated luminosity of ∼ 20 fb−1. The standard model rare Higgs boson decays, such as H → μμ, H → ee, and H → Z/γ∗(→ ll) + γ are reviewed first, followed by exotic decays, such as lepton-flavour violating decays (H → μτ, eτ, eμ) and decays into a pair of pseudoscalar Higgs bosons (H → 2a1).

Measurement-induced nonlinear operation in linear optics is a promising technique to realize quantum computation and communications. Such an operation has been demonstrated via the generation of photon-subtracted squeezed states, namely, Schrödinger-cat states. Nielsen and Mølmer have proposed an efficient scheme to generate the cat states with larger amplitudes relative to previous experimental results. We present a simple experimental implementation of their scheme and analyze it while considering experimental imperfections. Our study indicates that the current photon detection technology meets the conditions necessary for their operation.

Currently, many land observation satellites can be used in order to monitor natural environment. JAXA has a plan to launch new satellite GCOM-C1. SGLI is mounted on GCOM-C1, which can observe 380-12000nm spectral range in 250m sampling distance and 1150km swath. A mixed pixel analysis is a very important issue for an accurate environmental monitoring. Therefore, required accuracy of geometric transformation for GCOM-C1/SGLI should be understood. In this study, Landsat/OLI was used as reference data for geometric transform. The accuracy of superposing OLI on MODIS was evaluated by using simulated MODIS data. MODIS has a same ground sampling distance with SGLI. As the results, 1/5 pixel accuracy is required for mixed pixel analysis. Finally, Mixed pixel analysis was carried out real Landsat OLI and MODIS. The positional error of MODIS showed around 40-60m. The root mean square error between OLI and MODIS showed 12.6 (W/m2/sr/μm). It was bigger than simulation results. The reason might be come from transit time difference of satellite.

ChemInformVolume 46, Issue 7 Preparative Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Acylation of the E,E-Vinylketene Silyl N,O-Acetal and Its Application to the Synthesis of Khafrefungin. Yuta Takahashi, Yuta Takahashi Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMaiko Otsuka, Maiko Otsuka Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMio Harachi, Mio Harachi Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorYuki Mukaeda, Yuki Mukaeda Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorSeijiro Hosokawa, Seijiro Hosokawa Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this author Yuta Takahashi, Yuta Takahashi Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMaiko Otsuka, Maiko Otsuka Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMio Harachi, Mio Harachi Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorYuki Mukaeda, Yuki Mukaeda Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorSeijiro Hosokawa, Seijiro Hosokawa Dep. Appl. Chem., Sch. Sci. Eng., Waseda Univ., Shinjuku, Tokyo 169, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 29 January 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201507026Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume46, Issue7February, 2015 RelatedInformation

The motion of a solid sphere sedimenting at its terminal velocity through worm-like micelle solutions is experimentally investigated. A rotational motion of a sphere is detected by tracking marker points on the surface of the sphere. Abrupt acceleration in sedimenting velocity of a sphere is found to be accompanied by its sudden rotation followed by sudden deceleration in sedimenting velocity and cessation of rotational motion. We suggest that the onset of this motion is caused by the partial detachment and adhesion of flow induced structured fluid on the interface of the sphere and unbalanced tensile forces lead to the rotational motions.

The first observation of 4 Λ H fragments by means of decay-pion spectroscopy with a high resolution magnetic spectrometer was achieved in 2012 at the Mainz Microtron MAMI.The extracted Λ binding energy was consistent with older nuclear emulsion data, but almost one order of magnitude higher in precision, while being limited by systematic uncertainties.This paper gives details on the kaon tagging at 0 • forward angle which was indispensable for the success of the experiment.In addition, a re-analysis of the data collected in 2012 is presented, including an improved a posteriori spectrometer calibration and a more robust fitting of the decay-pion peak in the momentum spectrum.

This paper aims to reveal the spatial recognition of the Hmong through discussing the relation of 1) the main axis of Hmong dwellings which is composed of the ancestral alter and the main door located in front of it, with 2) the correlation of the dwelling to its surrounding geographical features and to the natural topography in relation with the mountains which surround the village. The Hmong is an ethnic group who believe in a variety of natural, ancestral, and supernatural spirits which live in and animate all things4). Whose homelands are in the mountain areas of northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam (fig. 14)). And who has no tradition of written language4). Through understanding previous studies on Hmong in terms of spatial structure of their dwellings and villages made by R. Cooper4) and Hata, et al.5)6)7)8)9), the authors derive two important components that will generate Hmong's spatial recognition as below; 1) The main axis is an important spatial element to locate the dwelling in its environment. 2) The correlation between the dwelling and the topography is surveyed both in microscopic and macroscopic comprehension of its geographical features. The rule ‘the ancestral alter upward and the main door downward’ is a fundamental spatial notion of the Hmong, which can be shared by an ordinary boy in the village. The survey tries to reveal how this rule applies to their recognition. The geographical features of the village Keo Patu differs from those of the previous studies. The village is in a flatland surrounded by mountains and the spatial structure of the village is based on circler patterns. If the Hmong is divided into variants and generalization is dangerous4), the exploration in the field Keo Patu is worthwhile. Through the investigation of all 81 dwellings in the village, the main axis is identified for 75 dwellings, by means of recognizing the ancestral alter or the red cloth above the lintel of the main door, or of the resident's explanation. 57 dwellings are located in the geographical features according to the rule ‘the ancestral alter upward and the main door downward’. On the other hand, 67 dwellings are located in the natural topography in relation with the mountains. As a result, it became clear that the Hmong's spatial notion ’the ancestral alter upward, and the main door downward’ is preserved in two ways. One is as A) an simple order to generate the traditional spatial structure of Hmong villages situated on a mountain slope, and the other is in B) a resilient structure to keep the frame of the recognition by involving both conceptual understanding of natural topography in relation with the mountains and practical use of land surrounding their dwellings.

A search is presented for narrow resonances decaying to dijet final states in proton–proton collisions at s√=13TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 $fb{−1}$. The dijet mass spectrum is well described by a smooth parameterization and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are reported on the production cross section for narrow resonances with masses above 0.6 TeV. In the context of specific models, the limits exclude string resonances with masses below 7.4 TeV, scalar diquarks below 6.9 TeV, axigluons and colorons below 5.5 TeV, excited quarks below 5.4 TeV, color-octet scalars below 3.0 TeV, W′ bosons below 2.7 TeV, Z′ bosons below 2.1 TeV and between 2.3 and 2.6 TeV, and RS gravitons below 1.9 TeV. These extend previous limits in the dijet channel. Vector and axial-vector mediators in a simplified model of interactions between quarks and dark matter are excluded below 2.0 TeV. The first limits in the dijet channel on dark matter mediators are presented as functions of dark matter mass and are compared to the exclusions of dark matter in direct detection experiments.

Nielsen and Mo/lmer have recently suggested a scheme transforming squeezed states into Schrödinger‐cat‐like states. Compared to previous schemes, this one is expected to generate cat‐like states with larger amplitudes. Here, we analyze their scheme with consideration of experimental imperfections.

We report an experimental study of the optical transmission of polarized light through subwavelength slit structures in Au films. We investigated the transmission properties by varying the slit number, period, and width. The transmission spectra were strongly depend on the polarization of the incident light. Transmission minima were observed for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization at the wavelength of surface plasmon (SP) resonance at the air–Au interface. We measured the transmission normalized by the slit area at a wavelength of 780 nm by varying the slit width, and observed that the normalized transmission increased with the narrowing of the slit.

Y. Okumuraa, S. Hasegawaa, T. Sugimotoa, Y. Takahashia, M. Tomotoa, C. Fukunagab, M. Ikenoc, H. Iwasakic, K. Naganoc, M. Nozakic, O. Sasakic, Y. Suzukic, S. Tanakac, Y. Yasuc, Y. Hasegawad, H. Oshitad,T. Takeshitad, M. Nomachie,Y. Sugayae, S. Hirayamaf, M. Ishinof, N. Kanayaf, F. Kanegaf, T. Kawamotof, K. Kessokuf, T. Kobayashif, T. Kubotaf, H. Nomotof, H. Sakamotof, T. Hayakawag, A. Ishikawag, T. Kadosakag, K. Kawagoeg, H. Kiyamurag, H. Kurashigeg, T. Matsushitag, H. Nakatsukag, T. Niwag, A. Ochig, C. Omachig, H. Takedag , N. Lupuh, S. Bresslerh, S. Taremh, E. Kajomovitzh, S. Ben Amih, A. Hershenhornh, Y. Benhammoui, E. Etzioni, D. Lellouchj, L. Levinsonj, G. Mikenbergj, A. Roichj

A fundamental question that can be answered in the next decade is: WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE HIGHEST ENERGY COSMIC PARTICLES? The discovery of the sources of the highest energy cosmic rays will reveal the workings of the most energetic astrophysical environments in the recent universe. Candidate sources range from the birth of compact objects to explosions related to gamma-ray bursts or generated around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. In addition to beginning a new era of high-energy astrophysics, the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays will constrain the structure of the Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields. The propagation of these particles from source to Earth also probes the cosmic background radiation and gives insight into particle interactions at orders of magnitude higher energy than can be achieved in terrestrial laboratories. Next generation observatories designed to study the highest energy cosmic rays will have unprecedented sensitivity to ultra-high energy photons and neutrinos, which will further illuminate the workings of the universe at the most extreme energies. For this challenge to be met during the 2010-2020 decade, a significant increase in the integrated exposure to cosmic rays above 6 1019 eV will be necessary. The technical capabilities for answering this open question are at hand and the time is ripe for exploring Charged Particle Astronomy.

The CMS silicon pixel detector will be upgraded in anticipation of the High Luminosity LHC.The novel scheme of serial powering will be deployed to power the pixel modules and new technologies will be used for a high bandwidth readout system.In these proceedings, the new Inner Tracker Endcap Pixel Detector (TEPX) will be presented, with a particular focus on the concept to provide both power and data connectivity to the modules through a disk shaped PCB.As the TEPX also features the longest serial powering chains in the new Inner Tracker, results from serial powering measurements are presented.

Background: Excessive ingestion of fructose can lead to obesity and related diseases. Eucalyptus leaf extract (ELE) contains oenothein B, which inhibits intestinal fructose absorption.Objective: The antiobesity effects of ELE containing oenothein B were evaluated in healthy Japanese whose body mass index (BMI) was ≥ 23 and < 30 kg/m2.Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study was performed to evaluate the effect of ELE consumption, for 12 weeks at a 3.38 mg/day dose of oenothein B, on the abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) as the primary outcome. Results were compared to those of a placebo group.Results: Of the 721 individuals who underwent screening, 198 were randomly allocated into two groups. A total of 95 subjects in the placebo group and 94 in the intervention group were established as the per-protocol set. VFA in the intervention group significantly decreased compared to that in the placebo group 12 weeks after initiating intervention. This reduction in VFA was considered to have clinical significance. Among the secondary outcomes, VFA, waist circumference, and muscle mass after 8 weeks, as well as body weight and BMI after 12 weeks, were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the placebo group.Conclusion: ELE containing oenothein B may be effective against obesity and related diseases by reducing VFA levels. Keywords: human trial; Eucalyptus globulus; oenothein B; polyphenol; hydrolyzable tannin; ellagitannin; dietary fructose consumption; dietary survey; Calorie and Nutrition Diary; glucose transporter 5