Xiaowei Shen

To refine stage and prognostic group for human papillomavirus (HPV) -related nonmetastatic (M0) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).All patients with nonmetastatic (M0) p16-confirmed OPC treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy from 2000 to 2010 were included. Overall survival (OS) was compared among TNM stages for patients with HPV-related and HPV-unrelated OPC separately. For HPV-related OPC, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) derived new RPA stages objectively. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) to derive AHR stages. The performance of survival prediction of RPA stage and AHR stage was assessed against the current seventh edition TNM stages. Prognostic groups were derived by RPA, combining RPA stage and nonanatomic factors.The cohort comprised 573 patients with HPV-related OPC and 237 patients with HPV-unrelated OPC, with a median follow-up of 5.1 years. Lower 5-year OS with higher TNM stage was evident for patients with HPV-unrelated OPC (stage I, II, III, and IV 5-year OS: 70%, 58%, 50%, and 30%, respectively; P = .004) but not for patients with HPV-related OPC (stage I, II, III, and IV 5-year OS: 88%, 78%, 71%, and 74%, respectively; P = .56). RPA divided HPV-related OPC into RPA-I (T1-3N0-2b), RPA-II (T1-3N2c), and RPA-III (T4 or N3; 5-year OS: 82%, 76%, and 54%, respectively; P < .001). AHR also yielded a valid classification, but RPA stage demonstrated better survival prediction. A further RPA (including RPA stage, age, and smoking pack-years [PYs]) derived the following four valid prognostic groups for survival: group I (T1-3N0-N2c_≤ 20 PY), group II (T1-3N0-N2c_> 20 PY), group III (T4 or N3_age ≤ 70), and group IVA (T4 or N3_age > 70; 5-year OS: 89%, 64%, 57%, and 40%, respectively; P < .001).An RPA-based TNM stage grouping (stage I/II/III: T1-3N0-N2b/T1-3N2c/T4 or N3, with M1 as stage IV) is proposed for HPV-related OPC as a result of significantly improved survival prediction compared with the seventh edition TNM, and prognostication is further improved by an RPA-based prognostic grouping within the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control TNM framework for HPV-related OPC.

To describe the natural course of distant metastases (DMs) following radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in HPV(+) oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC). OPC treated with RT/CRT from 1/1/2000 to 5/31/2010 were reviewed. The natural course of DM were compared between HPV(+) and HPV(−) cohorts. Median follow-up was 3.9 years. The DM rate were similar (11% vs. 15% at 3-years, p = 0.25) between the HPV(+) (n = 457) vs. the HPV(−) (n = 167) cases. While almost all (24/25) HPV(−) DM occurred within 2-years following RT (1 was at 2.1 years), 7/54 (13%) of HPV(+) DM were detected beyond 3 years (up to 5.3 years). Disseminating to >2 organs occurred in 18 (33%) HPV(+) vs. none in HPV(−). Post-DM survival rates were 11% vs. 4% at 2-years (p = 0.02) for the HPV(+) vs. HPV(−) cases respectively. 5/6 HPV(+) with lung oligo-metastasis were still alive with stable disease beyond 2-years after salvage procedures for DM (chemotherapy: 3; surgical resection: 2; radiotherapy: 1). Although DM rates are similar, the natural course of HPV(+) DM differs from that of HPV(−) patients: it may occur after a longer interval, often with a “disseminating” phenotype, and a small number may have prolonged survival after salvage for DM.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the pretreatment circulating neutrophil count (CNC), circulating monocyte count (CMC), and circulating lymphocyte count (CLC) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related (HPV+) and HPV-unrelated (HPV-) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).All p16-confirmed HPV+ and HPV- OPC cases treated with chemoradiotherapy from 2000 to 2010 were included. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared for high and low CNCs, CMCs, and CLCs (dichotomized by median values). A multivariate analysis (MVA) confirmed their prognostic value in HPV+ and HPV- tumors, respectively.Five hundred ten HPV+ OPC cases and 192 HPV- OPC cases were included. The HPV+ cohort had lower CNC and CMC values but a CLC similar to that of the HPV- patients (P < .01). The median follow-up was 4.8 years. In the HPV+ cohort, a high CNC or CMC correlated with reduced OS and RFS in comparison with a low CNC or CMC (P < .01 for all), but no difference was evident in OS (P = .30) or RFS (P = .10) with the CLC. MVA confirmed that a higher CNC or CMC independently predicted lower OS (hazard ratio [HR] for CNC, 1.14, P < .01; HR for CMC, 2.95, P < .01) and lower RFS (HR for CNC, 1.11, P < .01; HR for CMC, 3.39, P < .01), whereas a higher CLC was associated with higher RFS (HR, 0.66, P = .03) and marginally higher OS (HR, 0.80, P = .08). In the HPV- cohort, CNC, CMC, and CLC were not predictive of OS (P = .16, P = .86, and P = .14) or RFS (P = .61, P = .59, and P = .62).This relatively large cohort study demonstrates that a high CNC and a high CMC independently predict inferior OS and RFS, whereas a high CLC predicts better RFS and marginally better OS in HPV+ OPC patients. This association was not apparent in HPV- patients.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are attracting considerable attention in the field of electrocatalysis. In many cases, HEAs exhibit excellent activity and selectivity toward several catalytic reactions, which is often attributed to their four "core effects": the high entropy effect, the lattice distortion effect, the sluggish diffusion effect and the cocktail effect. However, the understanding and rational design of HEA electrocatalysts lack a systematic summarization. In this review, a systematic summary of HEA electrocatalysts' characteristics and applications, as well as a clarification of their design principles, is provided, which has guiding importance for HEA development. First, the reason why HEAs could be excellent electrocatalysts is illustrated from several aspects, including their outstanding mechanical properties, optimized structure and composition, abundant active sites with high intrinsic activity, and ultrahigh stability. To deepen the understanding of HEA electrocatalysts, the rational design of HEAs is carefully demonstrated in terms of design principles, element selection, and the use of computation methods for property prediction. Second, the latest advances in HEA electrocatalysts in the fields of water electrolysis, fuel cells, small organic molecule electrochemical oxidation, and carbon- and nitrogen-based conversion are discussed in detail. Importantly, theoretical calculations and in situ characterizations for an understanding of HEAs' mechanism are carefully illustrated. Finally, we propose the challenges and perspectives in the future design and application of HEA electrocatalysts.

Parameter variation is detrimental to a processor's frequency and leakage power. One proposed technique to mitigate it is fine-grain body biasing (FGBB), where different parts of the processor chip are given a voltage bias that changes the speed and leakage properties of their transistors. This technique has been proposed for static application, with the bias voltages being programmed at manufacturing time for worst-case conditions. In this paper, we introduce dynamic FGBB (D-FGBB), which allows the continuous re-evaluation of the bias voltages to adapt to dynamic conditions. Our results show that D-FGBB is very versatile and effective. Specifically, with the processor working in normal mode at fixed frequency, D-FGBB reduces the leakage power of the chip by an average of 2%-A2.% compared to static FGBB. Alternatively, with the processor working in a high-performance mode, D-FGBB increases the processor frequency by an average of 7-9% compared to static FGBB - or 7-16% compared to no body biasing. Finally, we also show that D-FGBB can be synergistically combined with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), creating an effective means to manage power.

Term rewriting systems (TRSs) offer a convenient way to describe parallel and asynchronous systems and prove an implementation's correctness with respect to a specification. TRS descriptions, augmented with proper information about the system building blocks, also hold the promise of high-level synthesis. High-level architectural descriptions that are both automatically synthesizable and verifiable would permit architectural exploration at a fraction of the time and cost required by current commercial tools. In this article, we use TRSs to describe a speculative processor capable of register renaming and out-of-order execution. We lack space to discuss a synthesis procedure from TRSs or to provide the details needed to make automatic synthesis feasible; Nevertheless, we show that our speculative processor produces the same set of behaviors as a simple nonpipelined implementation. Our descriptions of microarchitectures are more precise than those found in modern textbooks. The clarity of these descriptions lets us study the impact of features such as write buffers or caches, especially in multiprocessor systems.

12001 Background: TMB in both tissue and blood has shown promise in selecting for patients (pts) who clinically benefit from PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors. In the randomized, 2L NSCLC Phase III OAK and Phase II POPLAR studies, high bTMB enriched for a PFS benefit in patients treated with atezo monotherapy. Here we report interim results from the single-arm, 1L NSCLC Phase II B-F1RST atezo monotherapy trial, which prospectively evaluated bTMB as a predictive biomarker for atezo using an NGS-based panel. Methods: Of 78 treated pts in the interim analysis population (IAP), 58 had adequate blood samples with sufficient detection of circulating tumor DNA (MSAF≥1%) and comprised the biomarker-evaluable population (BEP). A bTMB score of 16 (prevalence, 19% [11/58]) was prespecified to evaluate clinical efficacy in the BEP (bTMB high, ≥16; bTMB low, < 16). Statistical tests were 2-sided at a 0.1 level and 90% confidence interval. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in the IAP and BEP. With a minimum follow-up of 6 mo, median PFS was 9.5 vs 2.8 mo for bTMB high vs low; HR, 0.49 (90% CI, 0.23, 1.04; P= 0.11). PFS HRs improved as bTMB scores increased (Table). In the BEP, the ORR was 12.1% (7/58) and disease control rate was 25.9% (15/58). In the bTMB high vs low groups, the ORR was 36.4% (4/11) vs 6.4% (3/47); odds ratio, 8.38 (90% CI, 2.02, 34.79; P= 0.02). Treatment-related serious AEs and treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs occurred in 14.1% and 16.7% of pts, respectively; 15.4% experienced AEs leading to discontinuation. Conclusions: PFS by various bTMB scores show preliminary utility of bTMB as a predictive biomarker for PFS and ORR, and further support bTMB selection of patients in the ongoing 1L BFAST study (NCT03178552). The safety profile in B-F1RST is consistent with the known AE profile for atezo. Additional biomarker and clinical data will be reported. B-F1RST is ongoing and has completed enrollment at 153 patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02848651.PFS (mo) by bTMB cutoff scores (BEP, n = 58). bTMB Score bTMB High Median (n) bTMB Low Median (n) HR 90% CI 12 3.0 (22) 3.2 (36) 0.95 0.55, 1.63 14 3.4 (14) 3.2 (44) 0.73 0.39, 1.39 16 9.5 (11) 2.8 (47) 0.49 0.23, 1.04 20 9.5 (8) 2.7 (50) 0.23 0.08, 0.62

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined contribution of 8 polymorphisms to the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Through a comprehensive literature search for genetic variants involved in the AD association study, we harvested a total of 6 genes (8 polymorphisms) for the current meta-analyses. These genes consisted of A2M (5bp I/D and V1000I), ABCA2 (rs908832), CHAT (1882G >A, 2384G >A), COMT (Val158Met), HTR6 (267C >T) and LPL (Ser447Ter).A total of 33 studies among 9,453 cases and 10,833 controls were retrieved for the meta-analyses of 8 genetic variants. It was showed that A2M V1000I (odd ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.49, P = 0.007), rs908832 allele of ABCA2 (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.12-2.16, P = 0.009), 2384G >A of CHAT (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.00-1.49, P = 0.05) and Ser447Ter of LPL in the Northern-American population (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35-0.91, P = 0.02) were significantly associated with the risk of AD. No association was found between the rest of the 5 polymorphisms and the risk of AD.Our results showed that A2M V1000I polymorphism in German, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, Italian and Polish populations, rs90883 of ABCA2 gene in French, American, Swiss, Greek and Japanese populations, 2384G >A of CHAT gene in British and Korean populations and LPL Ser447Ter in the Northern-American population were associated with the risk of AD.

Improved cancer screening and treatment have led to a greater focus on cancer survivorship care. Older cancer survivors may be a unique population. We evaluated whether older cancer survivors (age ≥ 65 years) had lifestyle behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge distinct from younger survivors.Adult cancer survivors with diverse cancer subtypes were recruited from Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Multivariable models evaluated the effect of age on smoking, alcohol, and physical activity habits, attitudes toward and knowledge of these habits on cancer outcomes, and lifestyle information and recommendations received from health care providers, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinicopathologic covariates.Among the 616 survivors recruited, 23% (n = 139) were older. Median follow-up since diagnosis was 24 months. Older survivors were more likely ex-smokers and less likely current smokers than younger survivors, but they were less likely to know that smoking could affect cancer treatment (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.53; P = .007) or prognosis (adjusted OR, 0.53; P = .008). Older survivors were more likely to perceive alcohol as improving overall survival (adjusted OR, 2.39; P = .02). Rates of meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines 1 year before diagnosis (adjusted OR, 0.55; P = .02) and maintaining and improving their exercise levels to meet these guidelines after diagnosis (adjusted OR, 0.48; P = .02) were lower in older survivors. Older and younger cancer survivors reported similar rates of receiving lifestyle behavior information from health care providers (P = .36 to .98).Older cancer survivors reported being less aware of the impact of smoking on their overall health, more likely perceived alcohol as beneficial to survival, and were less likely to meet exercise goals compared with younger survivors. Survivorship programs need to consider age when counseling on lifestyle behaviors.

A new memory subsystem called Memory Expansion Technology (MXT) has been built for compressing main memory contents. MXT effectively doubles the physically available memory. This paper provides an analysis of the performance impact of memory compression using the SPEC2000 benchmarks and a database benchmark. Results show that the hardware compression of memory has a negligible performance penalty compared to a standard memory. We also show that many applications' memory contents can be compressed usually by a factor of two to one. We demonstrate this using industry benchmarks, web server benchmarks, and contents of popular web sites.

Mambo [4] is IBM's full-system simulator which models PowerPC systems, and provides a complete set of simulation tools to help IBM and its partners in pre-hardware development and performance evaluation for future systems. Currently Mambo simulates target systems on a single host thread. When the number of cores increases in a target system, Mambo's simulation performance for each core goes down. As the so-called "multi-core era" approaches, both target and host systems will have more and more cores. It is very important for Mambo to efficiently simulate a multi-core target system on a multi-core host system. Parallelization is a natural method to speed up Mambo under this situation. Parallel Mambo (P-Mambo) is a multi-threaded implementation of Mambo. Mambo's simulation engine is implemented as a user-level thread-scheduler. We propose a multi-scheduler method to adapt Mambo's simulation engine to multi-threaded execution. Based on this method a core-based module partition is proposed to achieve both high inter-scheduler parallelism and low inter-scheduler dependency. Protection of shared resources is crucial to both correctness and performance of P-Mambo. Since there are two tiers of threads in P-Mambo, protecting shared resources by only OS-level locks possibly introduces deadlocks due to user-level context switch. We propose a new lock mechanism to handle this problem. Since Mambo is an on-going project with many modules currently under development, co-existence with new modules is also important to P-Mambo. We propose a global-lock-based method to guarantee compatibility of P-Mambo with future Mambo modules. We have implemented the first version of P-Mambo in functional modes. The performance of P-Mambo has been evaluated on the OpenMP implementation of NAS Parallel Benchmark (NPB) 3.2 [12]. Preliminary experimental results show that P-Mambo achieves an average speedup of 3.4 on a 4-core host machine.

Software transactional memory (STM) systems are an attractive environment to evaluate optimistic concurrency. We describe our experience of supporting and optimizing an STM system at both the managed runtime and compiler levels. We describe the design policies of our STM system and the statistics collected by the runtime to identify performance bottlenecks and guide tuning decisions. We present an initial work on supporting automatic instrumentation of the STM primitives for C-C++ and Java programs in the IBM XL compiler and J9 Java virtual machine. We evaluate and discuss the performance of several transactional programs running on our system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The high morbidity and mortality of patients with esophageal (E) and gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) cancers, warrants new pre-clinical models for drug testing. The utility of primary tumor xenografts (PTXGs) as pre-clinical models was assessed. Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical markers (p53, p16, Ki-67, Her-2/neu and EGFR), and global mRNA abundance profiles were evaluated to determine selection biases of samples implanted or engrafted, compared with the underlying population. Nine primary E/GEJ adenocarcinoma xenograft lines were further characterized for the spectrum and stability of gene/protein expression over passages. Seven primary esophageal adenocarcinoma xenograft lines were treated with individual or combination chemotherapy. Tumors that were implanted (n=55) in NOD/SCID mice had features suggestive of more aggressive biology than tumors that were never implanted (n=32). Of those implanted, 21/55 engrafted; engraftment was associated with poorly differentiated tumors (p=0.04) and older patients (p=0.01). Expression of immunohistochemical markers were similar between patient sample and corresponding xenograft. mRNA differences observed between patient tumors and first passage xenografts were largely due to loss of human stroma in xenografts. mRNA patterns of early vs late passage xenografts and of small vs large tumors of the same passage were similar. Complete resistance was present in 2/7 xenografts while the remaining tumors showed varying degrees of sensitivity, that remained constant across passages. Because of their ability to recapitulate primary tumor characteristics during engraftment and across serial passaging, PTXGs can be useful clinical systems for assessment of drug sensitivity of human E/GEJ cancers.

The explosion of time series advances the development of time series databases. To reduce storage overhead in these systems, data compression is widely adopted. Most existing compression algorithms utilize the overall characteristics of the entire time series to achieve high compression ratio, but ignore local contexts around individual points. In this way, they are effective for certain data patterns, and may suffer inherent pattern changes in real-world time series. It is therefore strongly desired to have a compression method that can always achieve high compression ratio in the existence of pattern diversity. In this paper, we propose a two-level compression model that selects a proper compression scheme for each individual point, so that diverse patterns can be captured at a fine granularity. Based on this model, we design and implement AMMMO framework, where a set of control parameters is defined to distill and categorize data patterns. At the top level, we evaluate each sub-sequence to fill in these parameters, generating a set of compression scheme candidates (i.e., major mode selection). At the bottom level, we choose the best scheme from these candidates for each data point respectively (i.e., sub-mode selection). To effectively handle diverse data patterns, we introduce a reinforcement learning based approach to learn parameter values automatically. Our experimental evaluation shows that our approach improves compression ratio by up to 120% (with an average of 50%), compared to other time-series compression methods.

This paper addresses the problem of attitude estimation using low cost, small-sized inertial sensors under dynamic maneuvers. An adaptive complementary filter with fuzzy logic and simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm is proposed. By recognizing the situation of dynamic condition via fuzzy logic, the cut-off frequency of the complementary filter is determined adaptively under varying vehicle dynamics. Also, the SPSA algorithm is used to tune the parameters of fuzzy system. Simulation results based on the test data show that the proposed SPSA-based fuzzy complementary filter exhibits a significant performance improvement for attitude estimation during dynamic maneuvers.

As energy supply units, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in the electric vehicle industry. However, the safety of lithium-ion batteries remains a significant factor limiting their development. To achieve rapid fault diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries, this paper presents a comprehensive fault diagnosis process. Firstly, an interleaved voltage sensor topology structure is utilized to acquire battery voltage data. An improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise method is introduced to process data. Then, the reconstructed voltage data sequence is used to eliminate the influence of noise. A fault location is performed using dichotomy correlation coefficient and time window correlation coefficient. Afterwards, principal component analysis is used to select the principal components with high contribution rate as classification features. The gray wolf optimization algorithm is used to find the parameters of the least squares support vector machine, constructing an optimal classifier for fault classification. A fault experiment platform is established to realize the physical triggering of faults such as external short circuit, internal circuit, and connection of experimental battery packs. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of the method are verified by the results of fault localization and fault type determination.

We present a new mechanism-oriented memory model called Commit-Reconcile & Fences (CRF) and define it using algebraic rules. Many existing memory models can be described as restricted versions of CRF. The model has been designed so that it is both easy for architects to implement, and stable enough to serve as a target machine interface for compilers of high-level languages. The CRF model exposes a semantic notion of caches (saches), and decomposes load and store instructions into finer-grain operations. We sketch how to integrate CRF into modern microprocessors and outline an adaptive coherence protocol to implement CRF in distributed shared-memory systems. CRF offers an upward compatible way to design next generation computer systems.

This paper describes alternative memory semantics for Java programs using an enriched version of the Commit/Reconcile/Fence (CRF) memory model [16]. It outlines a set of reasonable practices for safe multithreaded programming in Java. Our semantics allow a number of optimizations such as load reordering that are currently prohibited. Simple thread-local algebraic rules express the effects of optimizations at the source or bytecode level. The rules focus on reordering source-level operations; they yield a simple dependency analysis algorithm for Java. An instruction-by-instruction translation of Java memory operations into CRF operations captures thread interactions precisely. The fine-grained synchronization of CRF means the algebraic rules are easily derived from the translation. CRF can be mapped directly to a modern architecture, and is thus a suitable target for optimizing memory coherence during code generation.

In this paper, the sidelobe of the low profile multi-subarray antenna for satcom on-the-move (SOTM) is reduced by genetic algorithm (GA). The characteristics of the antenna are analyzed theoretically. It is indicated that the sidelobe level of the antenna is difficult to be reduced by amplitude tapering for its dispersed framework. In order to suppress the sidelobe level of the antenna in the whole elevation scan range, the subarray distances are optimized by GA. Two types of the antennas, the fixed-space and the active-space multi-subarray antennas, are analyzed respectively. Then the effects of amplitude perturbation on sidelobe cancellation are discussed under two conditions, i.e., the initial subarray distances and the optimal subarray distances. Simulation results prove the validity of the theoretical analysis, show that the perturbation of subarray distances can suppress the sidelobe level effectively, and the perturbation of amplitude is almost ineffective in sidelobe reduction. The conclusions can be used as the reference to the design of the multi-subarray antenna and other antennas whose array calibrations are discontinuous.

Article Free AccessCACHET: an adaptive cache coherence protocol for distributed shared-memory systems Authors: Xiaowei Shen Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile , Arvind Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile , Larry Rudolph Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICS '99: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on SupercomputingJune 1999Pages 135–144https://doi.org/10.1145/305138.305187Published:01 May 1999Publication History 23citation491DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads491Last 12 Months36Last 6 weeks12 Get Citation Alerts Save to BinderClose modalSave to BinderCreate a New BinderName256CancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

A simple and low-cost approach to supporting snoopy cache coherence is to logically embed a unidirectional ring in the network of a multiprocessor, and use it to transfer snoop messages. Other messages can use any link in the network. While this scheme works for any network topology, a naive implementation may result in long response times or in many snoop messages and snoop operations. To address this problem, this paper proposes flexible snooping algorithms, a family of adaptive forwarding and filtering snooping algorithms. In these algorithms, a node receiving a snoop request may either forward it to another node and then perform the snoop, or snoop and then forward it, or simply forward it without snooping. The resulting design space offers trade-offs in number of snoop operations and messages, response time, and energy consumption. Our analysis using SPLASH-2, SPECjbb, and SPECweb workloads finds several snooping algorithms that are more cost-effective than current ones. Specifically, our choice for a high-performance snooping algorithm is faster than the currently fastest algorithm while consuming 9-17% less energy; our choice for an energy-efficient algorithm is only 3-6% slower than the previous one while consuming 36-42% less energy

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of OC and identify potential molecular targets for OC treatment.Microarray gene expression data (GSE14407) including 12 normal ovarian surface epithelia samples and 12 OC epithelia samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 2 kinds of ovarian tissue were identified by using limma package in R language (|log2 fold change| gt;1 and false discovery rate [FDR] lt;0.05). Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and known OC-related genes were screened from COXPRESdb and GenBank database, respectively. Furthermore, PPI network of top 10 upregulated DEGs and top 10 downregulated DEGs was constructed and visualized through Cytoscape software. Finally, for the genes involved in PPI network, functional enrichment analysis was performed by using DAVID (FDR lt;0.05).In total, 1136 DEGs were identified, including 544 downregulated and 592 upregulated DEGs. Then, PPI network was constructed, and DEGs CDKN2A, MUC1, OGN, ZIC1, SOX17, and TFAP2A interacted with known OC-related genes CDK4, EGFR/JUN, SRC, CLI1, CTNNB1, and TP53, respectively. Moreover, functions about oxygen transport and embryonic development were enriched by the genes involved in the network of downregulated DEGs.We propose that 4 DEGs (OGN, ZIC1, SOX17, and TFAP2A) and 2 functions (oxygen transport and embryonic development) might play a role in the development of OC. These 4 DEGs and known OC-related genes might serve as therapeutic targets for OC. Further studies are required to validate these predictions.

In this paper, a low-cost attitude estimation system (AES) is designed to estimate the attitude information of the vehicle utilizing MEMS inertial measurement unit (MIMU) and single baseline global positioning system (GPS). The proposed AES adopts a nonlinear attitude observer to fuse different sensors and estimate the vehicle's attitude. With the help of single baseline GPS, a maneuver accelerations compensation algorithm is used to improve the accuracy of the attitude angles and gyro biases. Modified quaternions are also used for the attitude observer to separate the yaw angle from the gravity angles easily when the single baseline GPS information is absent. The proposed AES judges the maneuver state of the vehicle depending on a switch criteria and adjusts the gain of the observer during GPS outages. The rules can efficiently detect the maneuver state of the vehicle and make full use of the inertial sensor outputs than classical rules. The experimental tests show that the proposed AES has a good attitude estimation accuracy, which meets the requirements of the Satcom-on-the-Move (SOTM) systems.

ABSTRACT Background The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related versus ‐unrelated head and neck cancer after pathological positive planned neck dissection. Methods Positive planned neck dissection for head and neck cancers from 1998 to 2010 were included in this study. Outcomes after planned neck dissection were compared between HPV‐related versus ‐unrelated cohorts. Multivariate analysis identified survival predictors. Results HPV‐related head and neck cancer ( n = 32) had better 5‐year overall survival (48% vs 27%; p = .021), marginally lower second malignancy (7% vs 16%; p = .13), but similar local, regional, and distant control (87% vs 89%; 94% vs 89%; 62% vs 58%, respectively) versus HPV unrelated ( n = 38). HPV status conferred reduced risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.5; p = .038) after adjusting for age, smoking, and initial T and N classifications. Conclusion This study reveals that positive planned neck dissection for HPV‐related head and neck cancer represents a biologic unfavorable subset of the HPV population with unsatisfactory survival attributable to distant metastasis. The longer survival compared to the HPV‐unrelated counterpart is likely related to a marginally lower second malignancy rather than better disease control. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 946–952, 2015

In this paper, According to the topology characteristics of VANET, We proposed a new routing protocol that is suitable for VANET communications within the cluster based on AODV: AODV with predicting node trend (AODV-PNT). There are two major improvements in AODV-PNT: (1) Routing metric improvements and calculate Total Weight of the Route (TWR). (2) Predict node's future TWR and calculate stable threshold W in a bid to choose a suitable relay node. Finally, we simulated AODV-PNT using ns2. The simulation results show that AODV-PNT is able to achieve better routing performances in packet deliver ratio, average end-to-end delay and routing overheads as compared to AODV.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication and is an important cause for maternal and child death, premature delivery, and limited intrauterine growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NGAL and cystatin C, alone and in combination, for early prediction of PE at 10 - 14 weeks of gestation.Serum levels of NGAL and cystatin C were assessed in women at 10 - 14 weeks of gestation who subsequently developed PE (n = 128) and normal pregnancy outcome (n = 183). Comparison of clinical characteristics, NGAL, and cystatin C levels between normal pregnancy and PE groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to analyze the value of serum NGAL and cystatin C levels in predicting PE.The levels of cystatin C and NGAL in the serum were significantly higher in the PE group [0.64 mg/L (0.52 - 0.78)] and [34.9 ng/mL (24.4 - 55.2), respectively] than in the normal pregnancy group [0.56 mg/L (0.49 - 0.65)] and [20.2 ng/mL (13.8 - 26.9), respectively]. ROC curve analysis showed that serum NGAL levels predicted the area under the curve in the PE period 0.739 (95% CI: 0.618 to 0.860). Serum cystatin C levels predicted the area under the curve in the PE period 0.722 (95% CI: 0.592 to 0.853). The combination of serum NGAL and cystatin C levels predicted the area under the curve in the PE period 0.877 (95% CI: 0.811 to 0.943).NGAL and cystatin C levels in serum appear to be ideal biomarkers for PE prediction at 10 - 14 weeks. The combination of NGAL and cystatin C will also be more valuable in discriminating patients at risk of developing PE from other pregnancy complications early in gestation.

A new memory subsystem, called Memory Xpansion Technology (MXT), has been built for compressing main memory contents. MXT effectively doubles the physically available memory transparently to the CPUs, input/output devices, device drivers, and application software. An average compression ratio of two or greater has been observed for many applications. Since compressibility of memory contents varies dynamically, the size of the memory managed by the operating system is not fixed. In this paper, we describe operating system techniques that can deal with such dynamically changing memory sizes. We also demonstrate the performance impact of memory compression using the SPEC CPU2000 and SPECweb99 benchmarks. Results show that the hardware compression of memory has a negligible performance penalty compared to a standard memory for many applications. For memory starved applications and benchmarks such as SPECweb99, memory compression improves the performance significantly. Results also show that the memory contents of many applications can be compressed, usually by a factor of two to one.

A simple and low-cost approach to supporting snoopy cache coherence is to logically embed a unidirectional ring in the network of a multiprocessor, and use it to transfer snoop messages. Other messages can use any link in the network. While this scheme works for any network topology, a naive implementation may result in long response times or in many snoop messages and snoop operations. To address this problem, this paper proposes Flexible Snooping algorithms, a family of adaptive forwarding and filtering snooping algorithms. In these algorithms, a node receiving a snoop request may either forward it to another node and then perform the snoop, or snoop and then forward it, or simply forward it without snooping. The resulting design space offers trade-offs in number of snoop operations and messages, response time, and energy consumption. Our analysis using SPLASH-2, SPECjbb, and SPECweb workloads finds several snooping algorithms that are more costeffective than current ones. Specifically, our choice for a highperformance snooping algorithm is faster than the currently fastest algorithm while consuming 9-17% less energy; our choice for an energy-efficient algorithm is only 3-6% slower than the previous one while consuming 36-42% less energy.

STEM image simulation is achieved via hybrid CPU/GPU programming under parallel algorithm architecture to speed up calculation on a personal computer (PC). To utilize the calculation power of a PC fully, the simulation is performed using the GPU core and multi-CPU cores at the same time to significantly improve efficiency. GaSb and an artificial GaSb/InAs interface with atom diffusion have been used to verify the computation.

A novel pseudo-monopulse tracking (PMT) method is presented for Ku-band Satcom-on-the-move (SOTM). An antenna architecture consisting of multiple distributed panels capable of moving back and forth mechanically is introduced firstly, which can effectively reduce the overall height. Two independent beams with hybrid beam steering approach are introduced to keep the excellent performance in terms of tracking accuracy and antenna gain over wide scan coverage. Then, a hybrid compensation method using switched delay lines and phase shifters is applied to solve the frequency scan effect. Finally, the tracking beam is sequentially scanned at a prescribed offset angle in different directions, and the pointing error is calculated by comparing the corresponding received beacon signal strengths. Simulation results confirm the veracity of the proposed tracking method.

Persimmon is a fruit that contains sugars, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and various other nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore the structure of carboxymethylated persimmon polysaccharide (CM-PFP) and its interaction with the human gut microbiota. Carboxymethyl modification of the persimmon polysaccharide (PFP) increased both the Mw and Mn, enhanced dispersion stability, and decreased thermal stability. Both PFP and CM-PFP promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus while inhibiting the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the simulated fecal fermentation, the pH of PFP- and CM-PFP-containing media decreased, the content of short-chain fatty acids increased, and the abundance of intestinal flora at the phylum and genus levels changed. The relative abundance of harmful intestinal bacteria was significantly reduced in both PFP and CM-PFP groups. Furthermore, it was found that CM-PFP was more easily metabolized than PFP, glucose, and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and had a proliferation increase effect on Lactobacillus. Therefore, CM-PFP has a significant positive effect on both Lactobacillus proliferation and the human gut microbiota.

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as monoclonal antibodies have been used recently with greater effect for the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sintilimab, a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody is specific for the immune checkpoint protein programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1). It is a common medication adopted for treating Hodgkin’s lymphoma and NSCLC. The adverse effects associated with the use of monoclonal antibodies should be closely monitored and in the current report, the use of sintilimab for treating NSCLC led to skin-associated adverse effects such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Genetic testing showed that genes such as KRAS, CREBBP, NTRK1, RAF1, and TP53 were mutated. Initial visible symptom included the formation of a vesicular rash on the skin that had spread to the upper limbs, chest, and dorsum 1 week after the administration of sintilimab. The patient received anti-inflammatory agents to prevent worsening of the rashes and further infections. When the vesicles in back and limbs enlarged and the neck skin began to desquamate, the patient was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and sintilimab-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Toxic epidermal necrolysis was diagnosed via clinical symptoms and physical examination. The patient also reported the symptoms of oral mucositis. As soon as the dose of sintilimab was reduced to 20 mg/day, the skin-associated condition of the patient began to improve. Although the lump in the lungs decreased considerably 45 days after initial administration of sintilimab, the medication was stopped from use as soon as the skin-related symptoms improved after its withdrawal. This report suggests that close monitoring, personal care, and proper use of medications such as sintilimab should be implemented to avoid such rare skin-associated toxicities as an adverse effect. Keywords: sintilimab, checkpoint inhibitor, monoclonal antibody, NSCLC, adverse effects

Software transactional memory (STM) systems are an attractive environment to evaluate optimistic concurrency. We describe our experience of supporting and optimizing an STM system at both the managed runtime and compiler levels. We describe the design policies of our STM system and the statistics collected by the runtime to identify performance bottlenecks and guide tuning decisions. We present an initial work on supporting automatic instrumentation of the STM primitives for C/C++ and Java programs in the IBM XL compiler and J9 Java virtual machine. We evaluate and discuss the performance of several transactional programs running on our system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We describe two proofs of correctness for Cachet, an adaptive cache-coherence protocol. Each proof demonstrates soundness (conformance to an abstract cache memory model CRF) and liveness. One proof is manual, based on a term-rewriting system definition; the other is machine-assisted, based on a TLA formulation and using PVS. A two- stage presentation of the protocol simplifies the treatment of soundness, in the design and in the proofs, by separating all liveness concerns. The TLA formulation demands precision about what aspects of the system’s behavior are observable, bringing complication to some parts which were trivial in the manual proof. Handing a completed design over for independent verification is unlikely to be successful: the prover requires detailed insight into the design, and the designer must keep correctness concerns at the forefront of the design process.

Memory requests in many-core systems are interleaved with each other and the locality of many-core systems decreases heavily. Page policies in traditional single core systems are not effective when it comes to many-core systems, because the open-page policy needs much locality of memory requests and the close-page policy takes no advantage of the remaining locality of many-core systems. There are some related memory page management policies, but their high complexity makes them unsuitable to many-core systems. They either need too much modification in operating systems or have large area and power overhead. To overcome these shortcomings of current page policies, in this paper, we propose the row based page policy, that is, RBPP, for the many-core systems, which tracks the row addresses of memory requests to each bank and uses row addresses as the indicator to decide whether or not to close the row buffer when the active memory request finished. We evaluate the proposed RBPP via Gem5 and DRAMSim2, and the results show that row based page policy can decrease the average memory latency by 14.7% and 4.0% over the open-page policy and the close-page policy, respectively. And the area overhead of row based page policy is decreased by 91.4 % and 91.5% over access based page policy and two-level predictor page policy, respectively.

To evaluate long-term tumor control and late toxicity of a randomized trial (RCT) in stage III and IV larynx and pharynx cancer. The RCT tested the impact of dose intensification delivered prior to full onset accelerated clonogenic proliferation (within 4 weeks) using hyperfractionated (HF) radiation therapy (RT) compared to conventional fractionated (CF) RT in the same overall treatment time. Secondly we wished to consider if “all cause” mortality end-points are optimal in the late assessment of RCTs for these patients. From 1988-1995, 331 cases were randomized to either HF (58 Gy in 40 fractions twice daily) or CF (51 Gy in 20 fractions once daily). The 5-, 10- and 15-year (yr) actuarial rates of overall survival (OS), locoregional (LRC), distant control (DC), and ≥Grade 3 late toxicity (LT) were compared between both arms. The clinical characteristics were similar between HF (n = 169) and CF (n = 162). Ninety-four percent of patients in each arm were smokers. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 13.6 yrs. HF had a 10% 5-yr improved OS (40 vs 30%, p = 0.04), but the benefit diminished to 3% at 10-yrs (21 vs 18%) and 15-yrs (11 vs 8%). A trend towards higher LRC with HF remained (5-yr: 49 vs 40%; 10-yr: 49 vs 39%; 15-yr: 49 vs 39%, p = 0.06). DC rates were unchanged (5-yr: 87 vs 85%; 10-yr: 87 vs 84%; 15-yr: 87 vs 84%, p = 0.56). LT rates were similar (HF vs CF: 5-yr: 9 vs 12%; 10-yr: 11 vs 14%; 15-yr: 12 vs 16%, p = 0.27). Multivariate analysis confirmed that HF reduced the risk of death by 31% (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.69 [0.55-0.88], p < 0.01) and locoregional failure by 30% (HR 0.70 [0.53-0.93], p = 0.01) after adjusting for age, performance status, disease site, T- and N-category, and smoking pack-yrs. At last follow-up, 149 deaths had occurred in each arm, of which 105 HF and 115 CF deaths manifested within the initial 5 yrs. Cause of death in this period was mainly from the index cancer (78/105 vs 81/115). After 5-years, the profile of cause of death evolved (HF vs CF: index cancer: 1 vs 5; other cancer: 23 vs 13; other causes: 18 vs 11; unknown: 6 vs 7). Notably > 90% non-cancer deaths were smoking related. HF with augmented RT dose prior to tumor proliferation shows an anticipated effect size (10%) on 5 yr LRC and OS with comparable LT, but non-index cancer death or smoking morbidity seems to eventually trump the survival effect in longer follow-up. This emphasizes the need for accurate attribution of cause of death to be applied prospectively and consistently over the time-frame of RCTs for these patients to take account of cancer specific death. It may be especially relevant to RCTs requiring long term follow-up in the current milieu of changing head and neck cancer demographics including HPV(+) disease where more than 50% remain smokers and are still vulnerable to smoking or toxicity-related morbidity and mortality.

Dataflow computing is proved to be promising in high-performance computing. However, traditional dataflow architectures are general-purpose and not efficient enough when dealing with typical scientific applications due to low utilization of function units. In this paper, we propose an optimization of dataflow architectures for scientific applications. The optimization introduces a request for operands mechanism and a topology-based instruction mapping algorithm to improve the efficiency of dataflow architectures. Experimental results show that the request for operands optimization achieves a 4.6% average performance improvement over the traditional dataflow architectures and the TBIM algorithm achieves a 2.28x and a 1.98x average performance improvement over SPDI and SPS algorithm respectively.

Current orientation estimation system (OES) approaches can meet the Satcom-on-the-move (SOTM) accuracy requirement in low dynamics using inertial measurement unit (IMU) without Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). However, the estimation accuracy will decrease significantly due to the influence of the high dynamics of the vehicle. This article addresses this issue by constructing a multi-state constraint optimization-based OES (MSCO-OES). Our first contribution is a high-precision incremental inertial constraint, which adds the influence of the earth's rotation to the rotation part of the pre-integration theory to maintain the integral gyro accuracy for a longer time. The second contribution is that the nonlinear optimization method is applied to orientation estimation, making better use of historical information and having higher estimation accuracy and robustness through batch optimization and iterating. In addition, we use the lie group theory to extend the weighted least square estimation algorithm to the manifold, which can update multiple historical states to the current state in real-time through incremental inertial constraints. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, the proposed orientation estimation method has higher estimation precision and a reasonable calculation amount. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing tests and SOTM deploying tests. Several high-dynamic and long-range tests show that the proposed OES has acceptable orientation estimation precision and reliability, which meets the high-reliable SOTM system requirements.

The high parallelism feature of scientific applications makes SIMD very suitable for streaming dataflow architectures. However, the splitting of SIMD memory requests increases the messages in on-chip networks and decreases the efficiency of streaming dataflow architectures. To process SIMD memory requests without splitting, a memory partition mechanism is proposed for SIMD in streaming dataflow architectures. The mechanism partitions input data of scientific applications into N (SIMD width) independent sub-spaces equally and groups operations on different data with same locations in N sub-spaces into SIMD operation. Moreover, the mechanism merges data with the same location in different sub-spaces to SIMD data and stores SIMD data in same SPMs to process SIMD memory requests as a whole. Simulation experimental results show that the proposed mechanism improves the performance per watt of streaming dataflow architectures by 2.5× on average on typical scientific applications.

摘要: 定量分析班组人员行为及其与生产管理的作用关系对做好企业的班组管理具有重要的指导意义. 本文采用社会网络分析方法,对某石化企业的人员行为和管理制度数据进行了聚类分析. 分析结果表明,在人员行为方面,不同班组之间的凝聚度差异较大,同班组中某个人对整个班组的凝聚度有较大影响; 而在管理制度方面,同类管理制度具有相似的表现,但存在特殊的节点,对总体表现有较大影响; 与管理制度相比,人员行为具有更小的最小方差分组指数,说明人员行为比管理制度能够更均匀地进行分类. 上述的量化评估结果对班组人员行为管理和管理制度的改进具有指导意义. 关键词: 社会网络 / 聚类分析 / 班组管理 / 量化评估

We present a new mechanism-oriented memory model called Commit-Reconcile & Fences (CRF) and define it using algebraic rules. Many existing memory models can be described as restricted versions of CRF. The model has been designed so that it is both easy for architects to implement and stable enough to serve as a target machine interface for compilers of high-level languages. The CRF model exposes a semantic notion of caches (saches), and decomposes load and store instructions into finer-grain operations. We sketch how to integrate CRF into modern microprocessors and outline an adaptive coherence protocol to implement CRF in distributed shared-memory systems. CRF offers an upward compatible way to design next generation computer systems.

The rapid development of information technologies give rise to the big data era. In this age, large amounts of unlabeled software defect metric data at a significantly lower cost is collected. It is how to exploit the unlabeled data to predict software defect has become a hot topic during the past few years. In this paper, a novel method called chaotic and immune spectral clustering (CISC) is proposed. Firstly, spectral clustering that is Ng-Jordan-Weiss (NJW) algorithm is chosen as the basic learner to reduce the dimension of unlabeled software defect datasets. Then in order to overcome the limitation of easily getting trap local-optimal for K-Means in NJW, theory of chaotic and immune clone selection algorithm is introduced and employed to develop a chaotic immune clustering algorithm. Among it, layer chaotic mutating operation is proposed to increase the variety of antibody. Finally, the experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The digital multimeter is a common instrument in the metrology department calibration. In order to improve the efficiency of verification and calibration, the automatic calibration software is developed based on the Labwindows/CVI platform, by using the SCPI programming method under the VISA architecture, and by means of the instrument driver programming. It realizes the automatic calibration of different types of digital multimeters, and transforms the work done by the original manual operation instrument into the software control instrument automatically, which greatly improves the work efficiency.

To undertake a cost-utility analysis comparing virtual illusion (VI) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combination therapy, tDCS alone and standard pharmacological care in Ontario, Canada from a societal perspective over a three-month time horizon.Cost-utility analysis using Markov model methods.Community setting in Ontario, Canada.Individuals with spinal cord injury and neuropathic pain (NP) resistant to pharmacological therapy.Virtual illusion and transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation alone and standard pharmacological therapy.Incremental costs, quality adjusted life years (QALY) and incremental cost effectiveness ratio.The incremental cost effectiveness ratio of VI and tDCS therapy cost is $3,396 per QALY (2020 Canadian dollars) when compared to standard care. The incremental cost per QALY of tDCS therapy alone is $33,167. VI and tDCS therapy had lower incremental costs (-$519) and higher incremental QALYs (0.026) compared to tDCS alone. From a public healthcare payer perspective, there is a 74% probability that VI and tDCS therapy and 54% probability that tDCS alone would be cost effective at a $50,000 per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold. Our findings remained relatively robust in various scenario analyses.Our findings suggest that at three-months after therapy, VI and tDCS combination therapy may be more cost effective than tDCS therapy alone. Based on conventional health technology funding thresholds, VI and tDCS combination therapy merits consideration for the treatment of NP in adults with spinal cord injuries.

Among the increasing number of online businesses, a series of write-intensive commercial workloads are emerging recently on the Internet. These workloads generate many more write transactions on the backend database than read transactions. Most of such workloads require the database to handle high-volume write transactions in real-time. Based on the observation on the workloads, this paper proposes a multi-tier database scale-out architecture with the write caching technology. Our preliminary result shows that the database scale-out architecture can handle extremely high-volume write transactions with excellent scalability.

In a genome-wide association study, association between disease trait and hundreds of thousands of genetic markers are tested. Several methods have been proposed to control the false discovery rate in such high-throughput data to adjust for multiple hypotheses testing. For Genetic Analysis Workshop 18, we applied the method of false discovery rate control with p value weighting on family-based association tests on quantitative trait to detect association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mean arterial pressure. This method can improve statistical power by incorporating independent but relevant information about the research objective. Using the real genetic and phenotype data of chromosome 3 from Genetic Analysis Workshop 18, 1 SNP from gene CACNA2D3 was found to have significant association with mean arterial pressure.

We propose a genetic association analysis using Dirichlet regression to analyze the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 data. Clinical variables, arranged in a longitudinal data structure, are employed to fit a multistate transition model in which the transition probabilities are served as a response in the proposed analysis. Furthermore, a gene-based association analysis via penalized regression is implemented using the markers at a single-nucleotide polymorphism level that we previously identified via nonpenalized Dirichlet regression.

To compare outcome between HPV-related vs HPV-unrelated head and neck cancer (HNC) patients following positive post-radiation planned neck dissection. All newly diagnosed HNC patients with positive PND after definitive radiation therapy +/- chemotherapy in our institution from 1998-2010 were included. Tumor HPV status was ascertained by p16 staining on oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and unknown primary (CUP). Cancer of oral cavity, larynx, and hypopharynx were analyzed as HPV(-). Outcome after positive PND were compared between HPV-related vs HPV-unrelated cohorts. Multivariate analysis identified survival predictor. A total of 32 HPV-related (29 OPCs, 3 CUP) and 38 HPV-unrelated (9 OPC & 1 CUP by negative p16 staining, 16 hypopharynx, 8 larynx, 4 oral cavity) HNC were identified. The HPV-related vs HPV-unrelated HNC cohorts had lower proportion of >10 pack-year smokers (66% vs 89%, p=0.02) with similar initial T- (p=0.20) & N- categories tumors. Median follow-up was 5.2 years. Subsequent local, regional, and distant failures were identified in 4, 2, and 12 HPV-related and 4, 5, 16 HPV-unrelated patients respectively. 18 (56%) HPV-related vs 31 (82%) HPV-unrelated patients are deceased; of these, death from index cancer was 13/18 (72%) vs 20/31 (65%) respectively. The HPV-related cohort had better 5-year overall survival (48% vs 27%, p=0.021) and marginally lower second malignancy rates (7% vs 16%, p=0.13) compared to the HPV-unrelated cohort but no significant difference in local, regional, and distant control at 5-years: 87% vs 89%, p=0.76; 94% vs 89%, p=0.38; 62% vs 58%, p=0.68, respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed that HPV status conferred reduced risk of death (HR 0.51 (0.27-0.96), p=0.038) after adjusting for age, smoking pack-years, initial T- and N-category. This modest sized cohort study reveals a better survival but no apparent difference in anatomical disease control in HPV-related vs HPV-unrelated HNC patients. Subsequent regional failure was infrequent. Distant metastasis was the main form of failure following positive PND in both cohorts. The longer survival may be attributed to the marginally lower second malignancy rate, lower smoking-related comorbidity, and potentially a slower natural course after recurrence.

A low-cost attitude estimation method using Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) was proposed for satcom-on-the-move(SOTM) , which taking Quaternion as state variables, and the attitude information was estimated by fusing the angular output of gyros, the acceleration output of accelerometers and the position and velocity output of two-antenna GPS.The GPS-measured velocity was used to compensate for the maneuvering acceleration, and the sideslip angle was used to further correct the maneuvering acceleration when the vehicle was turning.Experiment results show that the proposed method can combine together the good short-term accuracy of gyros, the good long-term stability of accelerometers, and the precise position and velocity of GPS, which is feasible for attitude stabilization of SOTM with the dynamic estimation error controlled within ± 0.5°.

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the planar antenna with multiple subarrays,which indicates that the sidelobe of the antenna is difficult to reduce by the perturbation of amplitude weighting.In order to reduce the maximum sidelobe level of the antenna in the whole elevation scan range,the subarray distances are optimized by genetic algorithm(GA),and then the effects of antenna element directivity and amplitude perturbation on sidelobe suppression are discussed.Simulation results prove the validity of the theoretical analysis,and show that the optimization subarray distances can suppress the sidelobe level effectively,especially when the number of subarray is large under the same antenna aperture.The methods and results can be used as reference to the design of the planar antenna with multiple subarrays.

318 Background: Canadians are among the highest users of the Internet. Online health information resources are easily accessible and provide quick information, but concerns exist about their role within a physician–patient relationship. Methods: Cancer patients across multiple disease sites, recruited from a regional cancer center, were interviewed regarding their internet use for health-related data. Descriptive statistics characterized online resource usage. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the association between socio-demographics, functional status, clinico-pathological variables and internet usage. Results: Of 191 patients in an interim analysis, 87% had home internet access. Google was the most commonly accessed website (79%), followed by cancer society websites (43%), Mayo Clinic (32%) and Wikipedia (28%). Disease-specific information (91%) was more commonly researched than information about specific physicians (30%). As expected, being married, having completed high school, earning a higher income and having home internet access were each associated with accessing information online (p&lt;0.05). Patients were more likely to access disease-specific information through eMedicine than Wikipedia. Younger patients were more likely to evaluate support group information (aOR=5.9, 95%CI [1.6-21.3], p=0.02) and cancer society websites (aOR=2.6 [1.2-5.4], p=0.04). More educated patients used cancer society (aOR=2.7 [1.3-6.0], p=0.03) and subscription websites (aOR=3.8 [1.6-8.8], p=0.01). Surgical patients used subscription websites more than non-surgical patients (aOR=3.9 [1.7-8.8], p=0.006), obtaining disease-specific information (aOR=5.0 [1.4-18.5], p=0.04). Conclusions: Cancer patients commonly acquire health information from search engine queries. Socio-demographic and clinico-pathological variables affect online information access among cancer patients. Oncologists need to consider the potential benefits and pitfalls of patient online use in cancer management and in their physician-patient communication and shared decision making. Recruitment ends in August 2012 and data on the full 400 patient cohort will be presented. GL and SCG are co-senior authors.

Two localization sets for Pareto eigenvalues of matrices are established to provide some checkable sufficient conditions for the copositivity of matrices, which also answer the open question (c) in the paper Seeger (1999). Finally, numerical experiments are reported to show the efficiency of the proposed localization sets.

Determining the catalytic site of enzymes is a great help for understanding the relationship between protein sequence, structure, and function, which provides the basis and targets for designing, modifying, and enhancing enzyme activity. The unique local spatial configuration bound to the substrate at the active center of the enzyme determines the catalytic ability of enzymes and plays an important role in the catalytic site prediction. As a suitable tool, the graph neural network can better understand and identify the residue sites with unique local spatial configurations due to its remarkable ability to characterize the three-dimensional structural features of proteins. Consequently, a novel model for predicting enzyme catalytic sites has been developed, which incorporates a uniquely designed adaptive edge-gated graph attention neural network (AEGAN). This model is capable of effectively handling sequential and structural characteristics of proteins at various levels, and the extracted features enable an accurate description of the local spatial configuration of the enzyme active site by sampling the local space around candidate residues and special design of amino acid physical and chemical properties. To evaluate its performance, the model was compared with existing catalytic site prediction models using different benchmark datasets and achieved the best results on each benchmark dataset. The model exhibited a sensitivity of 0.9659, accuracy of 0.9226, and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.9241 on the independent test set constructed for evaluation. Furthermore, the F1-score of this model is nearly four times higher than that of the best-performing similar model in previous studies. This research can serve as a valuable tool to help researchers understand protein sequence-structure-function relationships while facilitating the characterization of novel enzymes of unknown function.

In this essay, a combination unit of local oscillator (LO) power amplifier for SAR system was introduced. The combination unit includes two independent power amplifier components. On the premise of ensuring performance, the micro-assembly design and process are adopted to significantly reduce the product size. This essay shows the design idea and key points, such as modular packaging, EMC compatibility and broadband amplification optimization. With the operation temperature from -40°C to 55°C, in over 7500MHz bandwidth, the power gain of LO power amplifier is greater than 20dB. Meanwhile, the output power is greater than 28dBm and the full band flatness is less than 2db. This design ensures that LO power amplifier combined unit can pass the aerospace-grade acceptance standard tests.

A S-band solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) for future payloads has been implemented using GaN Technology in this paper. The main performance of the GaN SSPA is superior to the GaAs SSPA. This paper proposes device level redundancy of GaN along with various techniques such as gain compensation, Automatic level control and different parameter telemetry. The output power of SSPA is greater than 44.7dBm(30W), and efficiency achieves 35% at S band over the temperature range from -40 to +70 deg C. The SSPA has the dimensions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{155}\mathbf{mm}\times \mathbf{110}\mathbf{mm}\times \mathbf{53}\mathbf{mm}$</tex> with a weight of 1.2kg. At the same time, the thermal design and Simulation of SSPA are carried out, and the reliability test is completed.

We propose to apply Term Rewriting Systems (TRSs) to modeling computer architectures and distributed protocols. TRSs offer a convenient way to precisely describe asynchronous systems and can be used to verify the correctness of an implementation with respect to a specification. This dissertation illustrates the use of TRSs by giving the operational semantics of a simple instruction set, and a processor that implements the same instruction set on a micro-architecture that allows register renaming and speculative execution. A mechanism-oriented memory model called Commit-Reconcile & Fences (CRF) is presented that allows scalable implementations of shared memory systems. The CRF model exposes a semantic notion of caches, referred to as saches, and decomposes memory access operations into simpler instructions. In CRF, a memory load operation becomes a Reconcile followed by a Loadl, and a memory store operation becomes a Storel followed by a Commit. The CRF model can serve as a stable interface between computer architects and compiler writers. We design a family of cache coherence protocols for distributed shared memory systems. Each protocol is optimized for some specific access patterns, and contains a set of voluntary rules to provide adaptivity that can be invoked whenever necessary. It is proved that each protocol is a correct implementation of CRF, and thus a correct implementation of any memory model whose programs can be translated into CRF programs. To simplify protocol design and verification, we employ a novel two-stage design methodology called Imperative-&-Directive that addresses the soundness and liveness concerns separately throughout protocol development. Furthermore, an adaptive cache coherence protocol called Cachet is developed that provides enormous adaptivity for programs with different access patterns. The Cachet protocol is a seamless integration of multiple micro-protocols, and embodies both intra-protocol and inter-protocol adaptivity that can be exploited via appropriate heuristic mechanisms to achieve optimal performance under changing program behaviors. The Cachet protocol allows store accesses to be performed without the exclusive ownership, which can notably reduce store latency and alleviate cache thrashing due to false sharing. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)

Instrument control technology is a key technology for building large-scale automated test systems. In order to construct a large-scale automatic test system more efficiently, the method of interconnecting and interoperating between a computer and an instrument and between an instrument and an instrument when constructing a system is discussed. The common bus for controlling the instrument is introduced. The establishment of the communication link, the control method of the instrument and the selection of the development platform are analysed. The characteristics and application occasions of the two instrument drivers are compared. Finally, several development principles that should be paid attention to when implementing a large-scale automatic test system to realize instrument control are summarized, which provide references for instrument control in large-scale automatic test systems.

This paper discussed the application of flexible degradation technology to phased-array antennain relay terminal. The phased-array antenna mainly includes beam-controller, antenna array and transmitter module (T module). The phased-array antenna receives modulated RF signal, realizes the synthesis and direction change of the transmitting beam, through the amplification of T module, and finally radiates thepowersignal from the terminalantenna. This designgreatly increases the efficiency and reliability of the system. Even if one ofthebranchesisabnormal, thesystemcan still work. The flexible degradation technology can significantly improve the reliability, maintainability and survivability of the phased-array antenna.

We applied a gene-based haplotype approach for the genome-wide association analysis on hypertension using Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 data for unrelated individuals. Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical outcome were first assessed and haplotypes were then constructed based on the gene information and the linkage disequilibrium plot. Extensive haplotype analysis was also conducted for the whole chromosome 3. We found 1 block from the ULK4 gene and 2 blocks from the LOC64690 gene that were significantly associated with hypertension.

The antenna of the satellite communication on-the-move (SOTM) system generally is reflector antenna. Reflector antenna can not be applied on moving vehicle widely because of restrictions on dimensions and aerodynamics. Low profile phased array antenna is a good solution to this problem. When low profile phased array antenna is applied, the reduced height of the planer antenna causes some problems such as the decrease of antenna performance. Genetic algorithm optimization is applied to adjust the subarray distances to reduce the sidelobe of the antenna beam pattern. Computer simulation results show that the sidelobe of the low profile phased array antenna is suppressed by 7.1 dB after optimization.

This article introduced the general process and the definition of the reverse engineering and rapid prototyping technology and described the data collection in the reverse engineering,product modeling,and the general process of the rapid prototyping products by a simple example of spherical reverse process.By doing that,we proved that reverse engineering is multi-fields and multi-disciplines system engineering,which are based on new design methods and ideas.It has developed under the condition of computer,numerical control measurement and CAD /CAM technology,and can be wildly used in mold industry with certain influence on that.This paper confirmed that the reverse engineering and rapid prototyping technology are advanced,reliable,and have good application prospects.

It is an important need for a large chemical plant to roundly and deeply evaluate the design prototype of plant human–machine interaction (HMI) used in the control room. To meet this need, we propose an evaluation method based on the ACP (Artificial system, Computational experiment, and Parallel execution) theory. A plant operator agent is created in this method and it is composed of perception, cognition, and execution processors, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). The operator agent is used as a virtual subject, and the HMI can be evaluated by behavior simulation, from the viewpoints of shortening fault detection and isolation (FDI) track and decreasing the operator's physical and mental workloads. The proposed method shows that the ACP theory is useful for the evaluation of HMI.

A L-band solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) for future payloads has been implemented using GaN Technology in this paper.The main performance of the GaN SSPA is superior to the GaAs SSPA.This paper propose device level redundancy of GaN along with various techniques such as gain compensation,Automatic level control and different parameter telemetry.The output power of SSPA is greater than 46dBm(20W), and efficiency achieves 50% at L band with an associated power gain of 59dB over the temperature range from -40 to +70 degC.The SSPA has the dimensions of 200mm× 130mm×54mm with a weight of 1.5kg.At the same time, the thermal design and Simulation of SSPA are carried out, and the reliability test is completed.

As processor speeds continue to increase at a much higher rate than memory speeds, memory latencies may soon approach a thousand processor cycles. As a result, the flat memory model that was made practical by deeply pipelined superscalar processors with multilevel caches will no longer be tenable. The most common approach to this problem is multithreading; however, multithreading requires either abundant independent applications or well-parallelized monolithic applications, and neither is easy to come by. We present high-level programming constructs called braids and fibers. The programming constructs facilitate the creation of programs that are partially ordered, in which the partial orders can be used to support adaptive responses to memory access latencies. Braiding is simpler than parallelizing, while yielding many of the same benefits. We show how the programming constructs can be effectively supported with simple instruction set architecture extensions and microarchitectural enhancements. We have developed braided versions of a number of important algorithms. The braided code is easy to understand at the source level and can be translated into highly efficient instructions using our architecture extensions.

This article presents a newly invented emergency positioning system deployed on a satellite communication on-the-move (SOTM) platform, which can extend the SOTM communication function to the positioning function. Inherent to the SOTM system's high reliability, this emergency positioning system can effectively estimate the vehicle's position by fusing a geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellite Doppler frequency observation and inertial navigation system (INS) of a SOTM-mounted moving vehicle when the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is unavailable. It is a great challenge to use GEO Doppler frequency measurement with weak observability to correct the INS's cumulative error to estimate the position of the vehicle. In this article, the traditional inertial measurement unit (IMU) pre-integration model is improved to meet the needs of large-scale and high-precision navigation. In addition, we use graph optimization (GO) to estimate all states in the trajectory, which can effectively improve the observability of the error and reduce the nonlinear influence. We evaluated the system on a Ku-band SOTM platform, and the experimental results indicate that the system can achieve a convergent positioning accuracy of tens of meters. This method can provide emergency positioning in the case of GNSS interference.

An UWB power divider with the frequency range from 2GHz to 8GHz is designed by using multi-class Wilkinson structure in this paper. The ADS and HFSS software are both used to simulate and optimize the power divider. A prototype of the power divider was fabricated and measured, the results of the simulation approximately coincide with the divider testing. The experimental results show excellent performance that the insertion loss is less than 3.5 dB, the port return loss is less than -15dB, and the isolation is more than 20 dB in the operating frequency band&#xFF0E

The current TNM staging for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) was designed empirically for HPV-unrelated [HPV(-)] disease. Emerging evidence suggests it is unsuited for HPV-related [HPV(+)] OPC. This study refines stage grouping for HPV(+) OPC patients and proposes additional prognostic risk groups within the guidelines of the UICC/AJCC TNM framework. We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively assembled OPC cohort treated with primary radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy from 2000-2010. Overall survival (OS) was compared among the current TNM stages (I-IV) for HPV(+) and HPV(-) patients separately. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) with ordinal T and N elements derived new RPA-stages objectively. Cox regression calculated relative mortality risk (RMR) to derive additional RMR-stages. The performance of RPA- and RMR-stages was assessed against current UICC stages in predicting OS based on 4 widely accepted criteria: hazard consistency within each stage level; hazard discrimination between stage levels; outcome prediction, and sample size balance. Prognostic risk groups were further derived by RPA combining T-, N-classification, age, and smoking pack-years (PY). A total of 810 HPV ascertained (by p16 staining) non-metastatic OPCs were identified, including 573 HPV(+) (UICC stage I: 8; II: 25; III: 79; IV: 461) and 237 HPV(-) (I: 8; II: 31; III: 38; IV: 160) OPC. Median follow-up was 5.1 years. Reduced 3-year OS with higher UICC TNM stage was evident for HPV(-) (88, 67, 62, and 39% respectively, p = 0.003). However, OS was similar within HPV(+) (88, 87, 81, and 80% respectively, p = 0.712). RPA and RMR methods were applied to the HPV(+) cohort to refine current UICC stage groupings. RPA divided non-metastatic HPV(+) into RPA-I (T1-3N0-2b), RPA-II (T1-3N2c), and RPA-III (T4 or N3) with corresponding 3-year OS of 88, 81, and 63%, respectively (p < 0.001). M1 disease (20% OS at 3-years) was classified as RPA-stage IV. RMR also provided a valid stage grouping scheme (not shown) but was more cumbersome compared to RPA-stage. RPA-stage and RMR-stage were the two best stage groupings while UICC stages performed least well. Prognostic risk grouping by RPA sub-divided all HPV(+) into: group I (T1-3N0-N2c ≤ 20 PY), group IIA (T1-3N0-N2c ≥ 20 PY), group IIB (T4 or N3, age ≤ 70), group III (T4 or N3, age > 70), and group IV (M1 disease), with corresponding 3-year OS of 93, 74, 67, 44, and 20%, respectively. This large cohort study confirms that current UICC TNM stage is unsuited for HPV(+) OPC although acceptable for HPV(-). A refined RPA-based TNM stage grouping significantly improved survival prediction performance for HPV(+) OPC. Prognostic risk groupings are further enhanced by incorporating non-anatomical factors. The result should be validated in an independent dataset.

ABSTRACT Aim: Sor is the standard treatment for patients with advanced HCC. However, prognostic and predictive markers are lacking in this population. NLR and PLR are markers of inflammation and poor prognostic factors in many solid tumors. They have not been well studied in the context of Sor therapy in HCC. We evaluated patients with HCC receiving Sor to assess the impact of baseline and changes in NLR/PLR on overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP). Methods: NLR/PLR at several time points (pre-Sor, 4 ± 2weeks[w], 8 ± 2w) were retrospectively determined. High (H) and low (L) NLR/PLR were defined by their medians in the cohort. Associations between OS and TTP with pre-Sor and changes in NLR/PLR were analyzed by the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: 132 consecutive HCC patients treated with Sor from Feb 2007 to Dec 2013 were included. Median age was 66 years at the start of Sor. There were 82% males and 51% Asians. Most patients had viral hepatitis (hep B, 44%; hep C, 32%). 85% were Child-Pugh class A and 90% were BCLC stage C. 67% had extrahepatic spread and 35% had macrovascular invasion. The rate of progression on Sor was 52%, while 78% of the cohort had died. The median baseline NLR and PLR were 3.2 and 135, respectively. Median OS for patients with H and L NLR were 6.8 (95% CI 5.6-10.1) and 11.4 (95% CI 7.9-19.7) months (m), respectively (log-rank P = 0.001). Similarly, median OS was 6.5m (95% CI 5.7-11.6) for H PLR and 11.0m (95% CI 7.9-17.7) for L PLR (log-rank P = 0.045). NLR ≥3.2 was significantly associated with poorer OS (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.28-2.86, P = 0.002), as was PLR ≥135 (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01-2.21, P = 0.047). There was no correlation between OS and other clinical variables, including age, sex, ethnicity and etiology. Neither pre-Sor NLR nor PLR correlated with TTP. Absolute changes in NLR/PLR (pre-Sor to 4w and 8w) were not significant and did not affect survival. Conclusions: Elevated baseline NLR and PLR were significantly associated with worse OS in HCC patients treated with Sor. These systemic inflammatory markers may be prognostic in this population, while we found no predictive value. Validation in larger datasets is warranted. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Aiming at making soybean milk machine efficiently, hardware circuit and software are designed. The design of soybean milk machine is based on STC89C52 single chip, using AD sampling to detect the water level, and temperature sensor to detect temperature. Hardware system consist six main modules: temperature detection module, water level detection module, LCD module, key module, heating and polishing module and alarming module. The paper presents electrical schematic and diagrams of printed circuit board. The design is practical. The product has great market potentials.

42 Background: Methods of stratifying esophageal adenocarcinoma patients into prognostic groups are needed, as are new insights into genetic determinants of disease behaviour. Prognosis is likely to have non-negligible genetic influences, as mediated by host responses to tumor, resistance to therapeutic side-effects, and/or an influence on tumor development. Prior studies have used candidate-gene approaches. We took an alternative approach, using an unbiased, genome-wide approach, and novel analytic methods that may be better able to detect multi-gene interactions, which may contribute the majority of genetic effects for many clinical phenotypes. Methods: Germline DNA from a Toronto-based cohort of EAC patients (n=270) was analyzed by Omni1 Quad microarray as part of the BEAGESS initiative. Quality control and analysis was performed using PLINK, R, and GenABEL software packages. A Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model for progression-free survival tested each polymorphism for independent effects at a genome-wide significance level of P &lt; 1E-07, adjusting for population stratification. While classical analysis has limited ability to detect gene-gene interactions, a Random Survival Forest algorithm was used to detect effects based on the complex interactions among top 1,000 polymorphisms by p-value ranking. Results: After data cleaning and standard GWAS quality control procedures, there were 735,309 SNPs and 245 patients remaining for analysis. The CPH model, adjusted for population stratification, produced a satisfactory Q-Q plot, and showed one SNP (rs7844673, Chr 8) that was significant at p=7.8E-8. In addition, Random Forest based variable selection produced a set of 20 polymorphisms that (1) reproduced 86% of the predictive ability of the full 1000 variables, and (2) also included the #3 ranked polymorphism by CPH modeling (rs9290822, Chr 3) upstream of the IGF2BP2 gene. Conclusions: A genome-wide approach has discovered two previously undescribed SNPs with a potential influence on EAC prognosis via a combination of independent and interactive effects. Validation in an independent cohort is currently being pursued.

10 Background: Little is known about the individual and combined effect of early-adulthood obesity and cumulative smoking on the survival of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients. Methods: We analyzed two independent cohorts of EAC patients: 235 patients from Toronto, Canada (TO, 2006-2011) and 329 patients from Boston, USA (BO,1999-2004). Associations between early adulthood body mass index (EA-BMI) and smoking with overall survival (OS) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for stage, treatment, and other relevant covariates. Results: Median age (range) for TO dataset was 64(29-88)yrs; for BO dataset, 64(21-91)yrs. Males comprised 86% of TO and 89% of BO datasets. 90% of TO and 98% of BO patients were Caucasians. The Median (range) for packyears was 34 (0.2-118; TO) and 34 (0.2-212; BO). The Median (range) for EA-BMI was 24(15-44; TO) and 24(15-47; BO). Median BMI 1 yr prior to diagnosis was 25(16-43; TO) and 25(20-49; BO). 92% of TO and 88% of BO patients had ECOG 0 or 1. Disease stage distribution (early/locally-advanced/metastatic) was 11%/64%/25% (TO) and 30%/52%/18% (BO). For TO, the aHR for smoking was 1.03 (95%CI: 1.02-1.04; p=8E-08) per packyear, while for BO, smoking also independently conferred worse OS, with aHR of 1.007 (95%CI: 1.002-1.01; p=0.003) for each packyear increase. The aHRs for being underweight (EA-BMI&lt;18.5), overweight (EA-BMI 25-30), and obese (EA-BMI&gt;30) in early adulthood were 2.19 (95%CI: 1.0-4.6), 1.89 (95%CI:1.2-3.0), and 2.49 (95%CI:1.5-4.2), respectively for the TO dataset (global p=0.003 for EA-BMI). In BO, the corresponding values were 1.30 (95%CI: 0.8-2.2), 1.45 (95%CI: 1.0-2.5), and 2.39 (95%CI:1.5-3.8), respectively (global p=0.002). In contrast, BMI at one year prior to diagnosis had no association with OS in either study. Conclusions: Elevated BMI in early adulthood and heavy cumulative smoking history are independently associated with increased mortality risk in two North American EAC populations. These survival differences may reflect comorbidity differences, biological differences or both, and offer insight into how key modifiable behaviors in prevention can also affect cancer prognoses. AS, LC, DCC and GL contributed equally.

It's an important need for a large chemical plant to roundly and deeply evaluate the design prototype of plant human machine interaction (HMI) using in the control room. To meet this need, we propose an evaluation method based on the ACP (Artificial system, Computational experiment, and Parallel execution) theory. A plant operator agent is created in the method and it is composed of perception, cognition, and execution processors, short-term memory, and long-term memory. The operator agent is used as a virtual subject, and the HMI can be evaluated by behavior simulation, from the viewpoints of shortening fault detection and isolation (FDI) track and decreasing operator's physical and mental workloads. The proposed method shows that the ACP theory is useful for the HMI evaluation.

It is important for a chemical plant to find a suitable performance appraisal method. In this paper, based on the ACP (artificial system, computational experiment, and parallel execution) theory and the PageRank algorithm, a new performance appraisal method is proposed. The proposed method comprehensively involves both peoples and routine management rules from the holistic viewpoint. By comparison with the traditional performance appraisal method, the proposed method is more reasonable, more flexible and robuster.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum concentrations of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(PECAM-1)in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM) patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Serum PECAM-1,blood glucose(Glu),glycosylated hemoglobin A-1c(HbA1c) and platelet count(Plt) were examined in 20 DN patients(group DN),19 T2DM patients(group T2DM) and 16 healthy persons(group C).Results The levels of PECAM-1,HbA1c and Glu were higher in group DN than those in group C(P0.01).In group T2DM,serum level of PECAM-1 was positively correlated to the levels of HbA1c and Glu(P0.01) and Glu was positively correlated with HbA1c(P0.05).Conclusion High expression of PECAM-1 is an important factor to promote the injury of vascular endothelial cells and renal function in T2DM patients.Detection of serum PECAM-1 can be taken as a marker in evaluating clinical therapeutic efficacy and predicting prognosis of T2DM patients.

6094 Background: The use of radiation therapy (RT) after lumpectomy is the standard of care in breast conserving therapy (BCT). A randomized trial published in 2004 suggested that women age ≥70 years with stage I, estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer may not require RT after lumpetomy. We performed a population-based analysis to evaluate changes in patterns of RT usage among women age ≥70 from 2000-2007. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to identify women diagnosed with stage I invasive ductal breast cancer from 2000 – 2007 who were treated with lumpectomy. We extracted information on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, initial treatment course, and survival. Patients were classified by modality of RT: beam radiation, radioactive implant, other, or none. We used chi-square test for differences in proportion of RT modality usage and linear regression to test for trends in usage. Results: We identified 18,789 women age ≥ 70 (median age 77, range 70-108) diagnosed with stage I breast cancer from 2000 – 2007 and treated with lumpectomy. Overall, 62.8% of these women received external beam RT, 3.2% implant RT, 5.5% other RT, and 28.5% omitted RT. From 2000 to 2007, there has been a decrease in the use of external beam RT from 68.5% to 55.9% (p<0.001) and a simultaneous rise in the use of radioactive implants from 0.5% to 7.7% (p<0.001). Large geographic variations in utilization exist across SEER regions, such as in the percentage of older women who omit RT, from 15.1% (Seattle) to 42.3% (Los Angeles). For patients with known ER status, those with ER positive tumors were more likely to omit RT than those with ER negative tumors (26.9% vs 23.8% p = 0.02). Since 2000, the percentage of older women with ER positive tumors who receive no RT has increased from 24.4% to 29.5% (p=0.02). In contrast, the percentage of older women with ER negative cancers who received no RT did not significantly change. Conclusions: Patterns of RT usage in BCT for women ≥ 70 years with stage I breast cancer are changing with increasing use of radioactive implants and more patients with ER positive tumors omitting RT. Further follow-up is required to determine the effect on survival.

9536 Background: We previously described a strong inverse relationship between social smoking exposures (at home, spousal and with peers) and smoking cessation in lung cancer, with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 3-8 (Eng et al, ASCO 2012, abst 9032). In the current analysis, we evaluated whether these associations hold true in adult cancers in general, particularly cancers not traditionally known to have smoking as a risk factor. Methods: 616 cancer survivors across multiple cancer sites were surveyed on their smoking, alcohol, and physical activity habits before and at various times after cancer diagnosis. Social smoking exposures were documented. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the association of each variable with change in each habit after diagnosis adjusted for significant socio-demographic and clinico-pathological covariates. Results: Median follow-up after diagnosis was 26 months. 15% had breast cancers; 15% gastrointestinal; 20% genitourinary-gynecological; 24% haematological; 36% other. Among current smokers at diagnosis, 56% quit after diagnosis; no ex- or never-smoker restarted. Patients without secondary home smoking exposure were significantly more likely to quit smoking than those with home exposures (aOR=9.5, 95% CI [2.4-37.8]). Similar results were seen in patients with non-smoking spouses versus smoking spouses (aOR=3.7 [1.0-13.4]), and with lack of peer smoke exposure (aOR=3.7 [1.3-10.7]). 63% patients who quit did so in the 1 year period surrounding the diagnosis date (6-months pre or post diagnosis). In comparison, first and second-hand smoking exposures did not affect other modifiable behaviours such as alcohol or physical activity. Patient awareness of quality of life and survival benefits of smoking cessation and receiving smoking cessation counselling were not associated with improved smoking cessation. Conclusions: Secondary smoking exposures are associated with lack of smoking cessation in adult cancer survivors, even in cancers not traditionally linked to smoking. Being diagnosed with cancer may be an important `teachable moment` to help patients quit, but results are strongly influenced by the surrounding social exposure to smoking. PS and GL contributed equally.

9551 Background: In developing a cancer survivorship program at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Canada), cancer survivors were surveyed on modifiable behaviours: smoking/alcohol intake and physical activity. We evaluated whether special considerations should be given to elderly cancer survivors (age 65 years or higher), where few data currently exists. Methods: 616 adult cancer survivors of all disease sites were asked about their smoking, alcohol, and physical activity habits, and their attitudes and knowledge about effects of these habits on cancer outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the effect of age on these factors. Results: 23% were elderly; 53% female; 15% breast, 20% gastrointestinal/gynecologic, 24% hematologic, 19% thoracic/head and neck, and 13% genitourinary cancers. Median follow up was 24 months. Elderly survivors were more likely to be ever smokers (OR=1.69, 95% CI [1.12-2.53]) and ex-smokers than current (OR=4.11 [2.02-8.33]), but less likely to know how smoking could affect cancer treatment (OR=1.72 [1.09-2.69]) or outcome (OR=1.66 [1.07-2.60]). Elderly patients were less likely to binge drink (OR=2.07 [1.34-3.19]), but more likely to perceive alcohol as improving quality of life (OR=1.98 [1.11-3.56]) and overall survival (OR=2.32 [1.22-4.41]) in their own situation. Elderly survivors were less likely to receive information about alcohol use (OR=2.89 [1.29-6.49]). Meeting exercise guidelines at diagnosis (OR=1.76 [1.16-2.67]) and improving/maintaining them after treatment (OR=2.02 [1.12-2.93]) was substantially lower in elderly survivors, but perceived benefits/harms of exercise did not differ with age. Conclusions: Elderly patients know less about the impact of smoking on their overall health, despite having higher rates of cumulative exposure. A lower proportion received information on alcohol use. Elderly patients are less able to achieve the same exercise goals as younger patients. Survivorship programs may need to tailor counselling on modifiable behaviours by age group. CN, LE, SMHA, and GL contributed equally.

In this paper, the air conditioning room temperature model is established and the temperature control system based on the model is designed. What's more, the fuzzy control system of air conditioning room temperature is obtained. Finally, the effect of PID controller and fuzzy controller is compared by simulation. The simulation results show that the fuzzy control system designed in this paper can realize the continuous control, reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation, and increase the comfort of air conditioning room.

This paper is based on stabilization and insulation of vehicle attitude changes for flat SOTM. According to study on tri-axial stabilization principles and beam tilting techniques, the structure applying mechanical compensation for antenna azimuth as well as elevation and electronic compensation for polarization is set, the simulation results indicate that beam tilting technique could reduce antenna height effectively while the influences on antenna gain will increase and main lobe width will broaden with increment of tilting angle, and the structure that azimuth and elevation gyros are mounted on antenna elevation revolving table and polarization gyro is mounted on azimuth revolving tray or elevation revolving table could provide good work environments for gyros and brevity compensation equation to insulate vehicle attitude motions.

Objective:To evaluate the changes of serum liver function tests in pregnant women with HBsAg carrying status.Methods:Analysis of the results of serum liver function tests of 285 women in late pregnancy with HBsAg carrying status And compared with 210 healthy pregnant women.Results:Serum ALT,AST and GGT level were higher(P0.05) ,AST/ALT was lower(P0.01) .Serum cholinesterase level was lower(P0.01) ,and the prothrombin time was longer(P0.01) .Conclusion:Liver function is damaged in pregnancy with HBsAg carrying.