W. D. Funkhouser

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently fatal heterogeneous disease. Beyond the role of human papilloma virus (HPV), no validated molecular characterization of the disease has been established. Using an integrated genomic analysis and validation methodology we confirm four molecular classes of HNSCC (basal, mesenchymal, atypical, and classical) consistent with signatures established for squamous carcinoma of the lung, including deregulation of the KEAP1/NFE2L2 oxidative stress pathway, differential utilization of the lineage markers SOX2 and TP63, and preference for the oncogenes PIK3CA and EGFR. For potential clinical use the signatures are complimentary to classification by HPV infection status as well as the putative high risk marker CCND1 copy number gain. A molecular etiology for the subtypes is suggested by statistically significant chromosomal gains and losses and differential cell of origin expression patterns. Model systems representative of each of the four subtypes are also presented.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection often caused severe end stage lung disease and organizing phase diffuse alveolar damage, especially in the elderly. The virus-host interactions that governed development of these acute end stage lung diseases and death are unknown. To address this question, we evaluated the role of innate immune signaling in protection from human (Urbani) and a recombinant mouse adapted SARS-CoV, designated rMA15. In contrast to most models of viral pathogenesis, infection of type I, type II or type III interferon knockout mice (129 background) with either Urbani or MA15 viruses resulted in clinical disease outcomes, including transient weight loss, denuding bronchiolitis and alveolar inflammation and recovery, identical to that seen in infection of wildtype mice. This suggests that type I, II and III interferon signaling play minor roles in regulating SARS pathogenesis in mouse models. In contrast, infection of STAT1-/- mice resulted in severe disease, high virus titer, extensive pulmonary lesions and 100% mortality by day 9 and 30 post-infection with rMA15 or Urbani viruses, respectively. Non-lethal in BALB/c mice, Urbani SARS-CoV infection in STAT1-/- mice caused disseminated infection involving the liver, spleen and other tissues after day 9. These findings demonstrated that SARS-CoV pathogenesis is regulated by a STAT1 dependent but type I, II and III interferon receptor independent, mechanism. In contrast to a well documented role in innate immunity, we propose that STAT1 also protects mice via its role as an antagonist of unrestrained cell proliferation.

Although Vanduzea arquata Say is one of the most widely distributed of the species of Membracidm in the United States, its life history has not hitherto been described.The species is very abundant in the vicinity of Ithaca, N. Y., on locust (Robinia pseudacacia L.) and the following study has been made during the summers of the past five years, the data being compiled largely from field notes made during that time.For three years almost daily notes were made of the life history of this Membracid in- cluding date, locality, host, weather and temperature records, and the insects were observed under natural conditions.Specimens were reared in the insectary merely to ascertain the lengths of the various instars, and these laboratory records have been used only as a check upon the field notes.Vanduzea arquata is by far the most common Membracid in the Cayuga Lake basin and no difficulty has been experienced in securing both adults and nymphs throughout the season.I am indebted to Professor O. A.

The basin as a floral and a faunal area Check list of genera and species Distribution and range of the family CollectionsComparison of Cayuga Lake Basin with the State as a whole Theories of origin and paths of migration

Thelia bimaculata Fab., is one of the most common and widely distributed of the species of Membracidre in eastern United States and is abundant on locust (Robinia pseudacacia L.) in the vicinity of Ithaca, N. Y., where the following study has been made. The life history of this insect has not hitherto been described and the only reference in literature to the immature form seems to be the short description and the excellent figure of the last nymphal stage by Matausch in 1912. Although both adults and nymphs may be collected in large numbers throughout the summer, the efforts of several years of rather extensive field work on the local forms of the family failed to show any records of oviposition or traces of the eggs until it was noticed that early in the spring the nymphs appeared most abundant near the bases of the trees and seemed to be migrating upward on the trunk, which led to the natural conclusion that the eggs were laid near the ground. This surmise proved to be correct and upon removing the dead leaves and humus from around the bases of the trees, great numbers of nymphs with their attendants were exposed, and the bark, a few inches under the forest litter and just above the roots, was found to be punctured with egg-slits and full of eggs and emerging nymphs. This location for the egg-punctures is rather peculiar, since most of the species of Membracidre common to this locality lay their eggs in the buds or in the younger twigs near the end of the branches. After the eggs were discovered and the egg-laying habits observed, no difficulty was experienced in rearing the insects and in securing the rest of the life-history data.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently fatal heterogeneous disease.Beyond the role of human papilloma virus (HPV), no validated molecular characterization of the disease has been established.Using an integrated genomic analysis and validation methodology we confirm four molecular classes of HNSCC (basal, mesenchymal, atypical, and classical) consistent with signatures established for squamous carcinoma of the lung, including deregulation of the KEAP1/NFE2L2 oxidative stress pathway, differential utilization of the lineage markers SOX2 and TP63, and preference for the oncogenes PIK3CA and EGFR.For potential clinical use the signatures are complimentary to classification by HPV infection status as well as the putative high risk marker CCND1 copy number gain.A molecular etiology for the subtypes is suggested by statistically significant chromosomal gains and losses and differential cell of origin expression patterns.Model systems representative of each of the four subtypes are also presented.

Since in problems of phylogeny and taxonomy of insects the homologies of the wing-veins are being taken more and more into consideration, it is evident that the available data on this subject should be as complete as possible. In the work which has been done along this line, certain families of the Homoptera have received but little attention and of these the Membracidæ appear to have been entirely neglected. For this reason, and because of a large personal interest in this group of bizarre insects, this study has been undertaken, hoping that it might be possible to add in some measure to the knowledge of hemipterous wings.

Journal Article Note on the Life History of Enchenopa Binotata Say (Membracidæ) on the Butternut Get access W. D. Funkhouser W. D. Funkhouser Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 8, Issue 3, 1 June 1915, Pages 368–371, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/8.3.368 Published: 01 June 1915

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As a result of a rather intensive and very successful collecting trip in Guatemala in 1942, it has been possible not only to recognize practically all of the species of Membracidae which have been reported from that country, but to add a large number of new locality records and to describe sixteen new species.

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Exposure to synthetic fibers with employment in textile mills can be associated with an elevated risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD). A mechanism of injury has not been determined. ILD can follow exposures to inorganic fibers (e.g., asbestos) which are associated with a mobilization of iron and catalysis of an oxidative stress. We describe 2 patients with ILD associated with exposure to synthetic textile fibers who demonstrated carbon-based ferruginous bodies suggesting an in vivo accumulation of iron by synthetic fibers after deposition in the lung. These iron-laden bodies varied from perfectly linear fibers to almost particulate matter. Linear structures were irregularly interrupted by deposition of iron-abundant material. The capacity of these synthetic fibers to complex iron and generate an oxidative stress is confirmed in vitro.

American AnthropologistVolume 31, Issue 4 p. 701-709 Free Access THE SO-CALLED “HOMINY-HOLES” OF KENTUCKY W. S. WEBB, W. S. WEBB University of Kentucky, Lexington, KentuckySearch for more papers by this authorW. D. FUNKHOUSER, W. D. FUNKHOUSER University of Kentucky, Lexington, KentuckySearch for more papers by this author W. S. WEBB, W. S. WEBB University of Kentucky, Lexington, KentuckySearch for more papers by this authorW. D. FUNKHOUSER, W. D. FUNKHOUSER University of Kentucky, Lexington, KentuckySearch for more papers by this author First published: October‐December 1929 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1929.31.4.02a00090Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume31, Issue4October‐December 1929Pages 701-709 RelatedInformation

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056823.].

Francis Walker in his “List of Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum” (Part II, 1851) and in his Supplement to that catalogue (1858) described twenty-nine species of Membracidae from America north of Mexico. Unfortunately, many of his descriptions are so inadequate that although the membracids of this region are now fairly well known, yet a large number of his species have never been certainly recognized and a few have been practically relegated to the limbo of “lost species.”

The set of potential T cell receptor specificities is highly diverse. The relative contributions of T cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene segment polymorphisms, duplications, deletions, and gene conversions to this final T cell receptor protein diversity are unknown. To study these mechanisms, we sequenced and compared closely related primate TCR gene segments from BV8S1, S2, and S5. Interspecies comparisons show that these gene segments have sustained multiple duplication, gene conversion, and deletion events during the last 35 million years of anthropoid primate evolution. BV8 coding sequences are generally conserved with respect to their flanking noncoding sequences, but we find no evidence for positive or negative selection in sequences coding for the first two putative complementarity-determining (ligand-binding) regions. Sequences of TCRBV8 gene segments from unrelated humans demonstrate no nonsynonymous substitutions in nonleader regions of either the BV8S1 or S2 gene segments. We conclude that gene duplication, deletion, and conversion mechanism contribute in a substantial way to the overall diversity of the TCRBV8 gene segment repertoire in primate evolution and that germline substitutions and consequent polymorphisms in CDRs 1 and 2 of these gene segments probably do not play an active role in generating TCR beta chain protein variation.

Abstract Hollow fibers containing synthetic pheromone ( Z -6-heneicosen-11-one) were applied by helicopter to six plots of about 8 ha each. Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), had reached such high population levels on the plots that trees in some areas were completely defoliated. Reproduction of the moths was reduced 71 and 81%, respectively, at dosages of 8 and 25 g of pheromone/ha relative to untreated control plots.

Through the courtesy of the Trustees of the Australian Museum the writer has had the privilege of studying a small collection of Membracidae from Australia and the neighbouring islands with the result that the following new species may be described.

Through the courtesy of Mr. J. C. M. Gardner, Systematic Entomologist of the Forest Research Institute located at Dehra Dun, India, the writer has had the privilege of examining an interesting series of Membracidae, mostly collected in northern India. The collection contains five new species which are here described. The types of all of these new species have been deposited, at the request of Mr. Gardner, in the British Museum.

PURPOSE: IRI causes perioperative morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Understanding molecular pathways associated with IRI would reduce morbidity and facilitate use of lungs from non-heart beating donors to address the shortage of transplantable lungs. Our goal was to elucidate gene expression patterns of IRI in human lungs following transplantation.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently fatal heterogeneous disease.Beyond the role of human papilloma virus (HPV), no validated molecular characterization of the disease has been established.Using an integrated genomic analysis and validation methodology we confirm four molecular classes of HNSCC (basal, mesenchymal, atypical, and classical) consistent with signatures established for squamous carcinoma of the lung, including deregulation of the KEAP1/NFE2L2 oxidative stress pathway, differential utilization of the lineage markers SOX2 and TP63, and preference for the oncogenes PIK3CA and EGFR.For potential clinical use the signatures are complimentary to classification by HPV infection status as well as the putative high risk marker CCND1 copy number gain.A molecular etiology for the subtypes is suggested by statistically significant chromosomal gains and losses and differential cell of origin expression patterns.Model systems representative of each of the four subtypes are also presented.