Th. Müller

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon was measured directly by storing polarized muons in a magnetic field for as long as 1000 cyclotron periods. The anomalous moment, a = (g-2)/2, was found to be a/sub exp/ = a/sub th/(0.983 plus or minus moment expected from the quantum electrodynamics of a Dirac particle. Interpretations of this good agreement between theory and experiment are given. (D.L.C.)

By analysis of the precession of polarized mu mesons in a 16-kOe magnetic field, the anomalous magnetic moment of the mu meson is measured as (1162 plus or minus 5) x 10/sup -6/. The results, within 5 parts in 10/sup 5/, also yield that the mu charge (q/sub mu /) is equal to the electron charge (q/ sub e/) and that the charge of the nu /sub mu / equals zero. The results are used to calculate the mu mass as (206.768 plus or minus 0.003)m/sub e/. (T.F.H.)

The anomalous part of the gyromagnetic ratio, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuqr1ngBPrgarmWu51MyVXgatC% vAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaeHbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharyavP1wz% ZbItLDhis9wBH5garqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbb% L8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpe% pae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaam% aaeaqbaaGcbaaceaGaa8xyaiaa-1dadaWcaaqaaiabigdaXaqaaiab% ikdaYaaacqGGOaakcqWGNbWzcqGHsislcqaIYaGmcqGGPaqkaaa!4351! $$a = \frac{1}{2}(g - 2)$$ of the muon has been measured by determining the precession θ= aω0-Bt for 100 MeV/c muons as a function of storage timet in a known static magnetic field of the formB=B 0(1+ay+by2+cy3+dy4). The result is aexp = (1162±5)·10-6 compared with the theoretical value ath=α/2π+0.76α2/π2=1165·10−6. This agreement shows that the muon obeys standard quantum electrodynamics down to distances ∼ 0.1 fermi. Details are given of the methods used to store muons for ∼ 103 turns in the field, and of measuring techniques and precautions necessary to achieve the final accuracy. Some of the methods of orbit analysis, magnet construction shimming and measurement, polarization analysis, and digital timing electronics may be of more general interest.

We report measurements of the exclusive cross section for e + e -→ D 0 D * -π + as a function of center-of-mass energy from the D 0 D * -π + threshold to 5.2 GeV with initial-state radiation.No evidence is found for Y (4260) → D 0 D * -π + decays.The analysis is based on a data sample collected with the Belle detector at or near a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 695 fb -1 at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e -collider.

A significant intermittency signal is observed in 630 GeV pp collisions measured in the UA1 central detector. It occurs with similar magnitude in different variables: pseudorapidity, rapidity and azimuthal angle. The signal increases with decreasing charged particle multiplicity in the event. Its strength in a sample of low p⊥ tracks and its multiplicity dependence are not reproduced by commonly used Monte Carlo models of high energy interactions.

This work summarizes the studies for the Higgs boson searches in CMS at the LHC collider. The main discovery channels are presented and the potential is given for the discovery of the SM Higgs boson and the Higgs bosons of the MSSM. The phenomenology, detector, trigger and reconstruction issues are briefly discussed.

An analysis of W and Z boson production at UA1, using 4.66 pb−1 of data from the 1988 and 1989 CERN pp Collider runs at s=0.63 TeV, yields R≡σWBr(W→μv)/σzBr(Z→μμ)=10.4−1.5+1.8stat.±0.8(syst.) We find R=9.5−1.0+1.1(stat.+syst.) when combining all available UA1 data, in both the electron and muon channel, taken in the period 1983–1989. In the framework of the standard model, the value of R is used to infer the total width of the W boson, ΓWtot=2.18−0.24+0.26 (exp.)±0.04(theory) GeV/c2.

A Fourier optics calculation of image formation in low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) is presented. The adaptation of the existing theory for transmission electron microscopy to the treatment of LEEM and other forms of cathode lens electron microscopy is explained. The calculation incorporates imaging errors that are caused by the objective lens (aberrations), contrast aperture (diffraction), imperfect source characteristics, and voltage and current instabilities. It is used to evaluate the appearance of image features that arise from phase objects such as surface steps and amplitude objects that produce what is alternatively called amplitude, reflectivity or diffraction contrast in LEEM. This formalism can be used after appropriate modification to treat image formation in other emission microscopies. Implications for image formation in the latest aberration-corrected instruments are also discussed.

Geant4 low energy extensions have been used to simulate the X-ray spectra of industrial X-ray tubes with filters for removing the uncertain low energy part of the spectrum in a controlled way. The results are compared with precisely measured X-ray spectra using a silicon drift detector. Furthermore, this paper shows how the different dose rates in silicon and silicon dioxide layers of an electronic device can be deduced from the simulations.

Nuclear power plants produce energy basically through nuclear fission reactions in nuclear fuel. When fission reactions occur in the fuel material, a large amount of heat is produced along with several neutrons and fission fragments, thus leading to a fission chain reaction and energy production. This chapter provides a basic understanding of nuclear reactor principles. The first part begins with a basic concept of nuclear power plants beginning with the fundamentals and practical applications related to the utilization of nuclear energy from fission. It explains the different types of neutron interaction with matter including neutron attenuation, scattering, and fission. The concepts of neutron diffusion and reactor theory are explained starting with equation of continuity and Fick's law approximation in one-energy group, multigroup, and two-group contexts. Then, a brief introduction to nuclear reactor kinetics including reactor reactivity, neutron life, reactor feedback coefficients, and neutron poisons is explained. The second part of the chapter explains the basic principles of nuclear system thermal hydraulics with single-phase fluid mechanics and heat transfer relevant to nuclear systems. This part includes topics ranging from basic thermal hydraulic characteristics of power reactors to the main classification of nuclear power plants, power cycles and reactor designs, and primary coolant system in various reactor designs. The chapter then discusses thermal design principles and reactor heat generation, which leads to a more focused thermal analysis of nuclear fuel elements including a brief description of the single-phase heat transfer for laminar and turbulent flow in both circular and noncircular subchannels.

Apart from a measurement of the muon momentum in the π+ → μ + ν decay at rest and a determination of longitudinal and transverse polarization of the positron in the μ+-decay, all experimental contributions to this session concern lepton number conservation.

The range of highly relativistic muons has been measured. The results of the experiment are presented and compared with the theoretical expectations. The agreement between experiment and theory is estabilished to be within 2% up to a value ofγ as high as 23.

Mobile augmented reality (MAR) systems typically offload computation-intensive tasks to edge servers. This paper contributes a comparative analysis of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) in task offloading optimization for MAR on the edge, in terms of latency and power consumption across eight distinct setups with varying server configurations and tasks. Our experimental findings indicate that the ACO algorithm consistently manifests lower latency than the GA algorithm in setups where the servers are in proximity to the edge devices. However, the GA outperforms the ACO algorithm in setups where the servers are situated at a greater distance. The ACO algorithm primarily offloads tasks to a single server, resulting in consistent latency performance, while the GA demonstrates a more diverse task offloading strategy by distributing tasks across multiple servers and the local device. The latency fluctuations in the ACO are primarily attributed to changes in the offloading patterns, especially when tasks are offloaded to different servers than those predominantly used. On the other hand, the GA algorithm, with its more varied offloading approach, exhibits less significant latency variations. Regarding to power consumption, the GA algorithm generally consumes higher power than the ACO algorithm in most setups due to its more diverse task distribution strategy.

We present a search for the decay W±→π±γ, using data taken at the CERN proton-antiproton Collider with the UA1 detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 pb−1. We do not observe a signal for such a process: hence we obtain an upper limit on the π±γ decay width of 5.8×10−2Γ (W±→e±v) (95%CL).

Early diagnosis is important for satisfactory pharmacotherapy of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). L-Dopa therapy is still the gold standard in the treatment of PD, but due to complications of long term L-Dopa application, a combination therapy of levodopa with various dopamine agonists and putative neuroprotective drugs, like e.g. selegiline, is becoming increasingly important and attracts more and more attention, especially in the early phases of PD. Moreover, disturbances of the autonomic nervous system and the mind have to be considered and treated besides pharmacotherapy of motor symptoms in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Hypersalivation, seborrhoea, dysregulation of the cardiovascular system and disturbances of gastrointestinal and bladder motility and sleep are common mainly in the context of autonomic failure in PD. Moreover, Parkinsonian patients often complain of psychopathological features like depression, dementia and psychosis, which may also be due to dopaminergic Parkinsonian therapy. This review surveys possible therapeutic approaches of these disturbances of the psyche and the autonomic nervous system in PD.

2013 AZ60 is an extreme Centaur moving on a highly eccentric orbit of e = 0.9922, with a semi-major axis of 1021.09 au, and a perihelion distance of 7.91 au. 2013 AZ60 was observed with the PACS camera of the Herschel Space Observatory, and we were able to derive an effective size of D=66.5±3.7 km and a geometric albedo of pV = 0.026 ± 0.003. Photometric measurements revealed a low-amplitude light curve (0.045±0.007 mag in the r’ band) with a likely full period of P = 9.39 h. A dynamical analysis shows that the orbit of 2013AZ 60 is highly unstable, with a 50% probability the target will be ejected from the Solar System within ~700 kyr. This high level of instability indicates that 2013 AZ60 may just have recently been captured to its current orbit. Investigating the total time the target could have spent at small heliocentric distances (< 100 au), it seems to be likely that this has only been at most 100 to 1000 years and it has a low probability that the target could reach Earth-crossing orbits (i.e., < 1 au). As the likely origin of this target is the Oort Cloud, these together suggests a relatively unaltered, pristine surface, in contradiction with the very low albedo (2.6%) derived from the thermal infrared measurements. The low albedo and red colours rather indicates an ”extinct cometary” surface

The influence of fast neutrons on the occupancy and the single tube resolution of ATLAS muon drift detectors was investigated by exposing a chamber built out of 3 layers of 3 short standard drift tubes to neutron flux-densities of up to 16 kHz/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a neutron energy of E=11 MeV. Pulse shape capable NE213 scintillaton detectors and a calibrated BF3 neutron detector provided monitoring of the neutron flux-density and energy. The sensitivity of the drift chamber to the neutrons was measured to be 4*10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> by comparing data sets with and without neutron background. For the investigation of tracks of cosmic muons two silicon-strip detectors above and underneath the chamber allow to compare measured drift-radii with reference tracks. Alternatively, the single tube resolution was determined using the triple-sum method. The comparison between data with and without neutron irradiation shows only a marginal effect on the resolution and little influence on the muon track reconstruction.

A telescope that considerably reduces the probability of mistaking a pion for an electron of the same momentum is described. It consists of a thick lead slice followed by a thick scintillation counter, and a lead glass Cherenkov counter. The counters accept only the large pulse heights due to cascade showers produced by electrons in the lead. (D.C.W.)

An electron detector, which consists of five elements, each one being made of a lead layer followed by a plastic scintillation counter and a two-gap spark chamber, is described. The rejection power of this new detector against pions is of the order of 4·10−4, the efficiency for electron detection varies from 75% to 85%, and the energy resolution can be as good as 10%, in the energy range 1.1 GeV to 2.5 GeV.

The results of an experiment which show the existence of antideuterons in the production process proton-beryllium are reported.

The range of highly relativistic muons has been measured. The results of the experiment are presented and compared with the theoretical expectations. The agreement between experiment and theory is estabilished to be within 2% up to a value ofγ as high as 23.

A telescope that considerably reduces the probability of mistaking a pion for an electron of the same momentum is described. It consists of a thick lead slice followed by a thick scintillation counter, and a lead glass Cherenkov counter. The counters accept only the large pulse heights due to cascade showers produced by electrons in the lead. (D.C.W.)

We present the first measurement of the jet pseudorapidity distribution in direct photon events from a sample of p{bar p} collisions at {radical} (s) =1.8TeV, recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts that these events are primarily from hard quark-gluon Compton scattering, qg{r_arrow}q{gamma}, with the final state quark producing the jet of hadrons. The jet pseudorapidity distribution in this model is sensitive to parton momentum fractions between 0.015 and 0.15. We find that the shape of the measured pseudorapidity distribution agrees well with next-to-leading order QCD calculations. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

It is well known that thin layering has an influence on wave propagation which is observable as scattering attenuation and velocity dispersion. O&apos;Doherty and Ansley were the first who described that this influence is related to the power spectra of the reflectivity coefficient series of the interfaces. A generalization of this result for abitrary angle of incidence and an analytical solution for media with certain properties was developed by Shapiro and Hubral (1994, in father context named as &apos;generalized O&apos;Doherty Anstey Formulas¹ ( GOA )).

This paper describes the design and operation of a pressurized drift chamber. The chamber provides 16 coordinates between 3 and 8 cm from the beam axis of the CERN collider.

The authors propose a technique for determining the limits and value of the 46 zones, either convex qibbus or concave lordoses, in which previously Chêneau had divided the scoliotic body and the corresponding brace. This technique is based upon the comparison of 8 specially prepared photographs of the patient. Owing to the extreme intricacy and the great number of scoliotic deformations present in a single scoliotic body, the authors propose two ways of avoiding bungles. 1. Computerized fabrication of the positive form. 2. Use of a product, the shape of which can easily be changed even during the time the patient is wearing it. Nous tentons de préciser la topographie des déformations scoliotiques par l'étude photographique des contours du corps. Un artifice de retournement d'images rend comparables entre elles les vues obliques. Nous avons défini quarante six zones situées chacune soit en relief gibbeux soit en méplat concave. Chacune a reçu une définition précise, comme gibbosité, méplat, constituant du dos creux ou du vrillage des ceintures. Il n'y a plus d'incertitude. Le corset obtenu ne comporte plus aucun effet restrictif ou écrasant. Il reste à préciser des détails concernant notamment le vrillage des ceintures. Depuis toujours, nous attendons une matière plastique qui serait remodelable au fur et à mesure de l'évolution du corps scoliotique dans le corset. Des espoirs se dessinent, non encore confirmés. La fabrication informatique du moule positif est au point. Cela donnera une ligne directrice précieuse aux équipes. Mais cela ne les dispense pas de tout connaître sur la scoliose.

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon was measured directly by storing polarized muons in a magnetic field for as long as 1000 cyclotron periods. The anomalous moment, a = (g-2)/2, was found to be a/sub exp/ = a/sub th/(0.983 plus or minus moment expected from the quantum electrodynamics of a Dirac particle. Interpretations of this good agreement between theory and experiment are given. (D.L.C.)

The range of highly relativistic muons has been measured. The results of the experiment are presented and compared with the theoretical expectations. The agreement between experiment and theory is estabilished to be within 2% up to a value ofγ as high as 23.

An electron detector, which consists of five elements, each one being made of a lead layer followed by a plastic scintillation counter and a two-gap spark chamber, is described. The rejection power of this new detector against pions is of the order of 4·10−4, the efficiency for electron detection varies from 75% to 85%, and the energy resolution can be as good as 10%, in the energy range 1.1 GeV to 2.5 GeV.