Tae Jeong Kim

Paramagnetic ultrasmall gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles with particle diameters (d) of ∼1 nm were synthesized by using three kinds of Gd(III) ion precursors and by refluxing each of them in tripropylene glycol under an O2 flow. A large longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of water proton of 9.9 s−1 mM−1 was estimated. As a result, high contrast in vivo T1 MR images of the brain tumor of a rat were observed. This large r1 is discussed in terms of the huge surface to volume ratio (S/V) of the ultrasmall gadolinium oxide nanoparticles coupled with the cooperative induction of surface Gd(III) ions for the longitudinal relaxation of a water proton. It is found from the d dependence of r1 that the optimal range of d for the maximal r1, which may be used as an advanced T1 MRI contrast agent, is 1−2.5 nm.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,1'-Bis(alkylarylphosphino)ferrocenes: synthesis, metal complex formation, and crystal structure of three metal complexes of Fe(.eta.5-C5H4PPh2)2Ian R. Butler, William R. Cullen, Tae Jeong. Kim, Steven J. Rettig, and James. TrotterCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 6, 972–980Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/om00125a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2370Altmetric-Citations199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

A facile one-pot synthesis of d-glucuronic acid-coated ultrasmall Ln2O3 (Ln = Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er) nanoparticles is presented. Their water proton relaxivities were studied to address their possibility as a new potential MRI contrast agent. We focused on the d-glucuronic acid-coated ultrasmall Dy2O3 nanoparticle because it showed the highest r2 relaxivity among studied nanoparticles. Its performance as a T2 MRI contrast agent was for the first time proved in vivo through its 3 T T2 MR images of a mouse, showing that it can be further exploited for the rational design of a new T2 MRI contrast agent at high MR fields.

There is no doubt that magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (MRI CAs) can play a vital role in diagnosing diseases. Therefore, demand for new MRI CAs with an enhanced sensitivity and advanced functionalities is very high. Here, paramagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are reviewed as new potential candidates for either T1 or T2 MRI CAs or both. These include surface coated lanthanide (Ln) oxide NPs (Ln = Gd, Dy, and Ho) and manganese oxide NPs. Surface coating materials should be biocompatible and hydrophilic. Compared to conventional large NPs, these surface coated paramagnetic NPs can be made ultrasmall with core particle diameter ranging from 1 to 3 nm, but their magnetic properties are still sufficient for MRI CAs. At this particle diameter, they can be easily excreted from the body through the renal system, which is prerequisite for in vivo applications. Mixed lanthanide oxide NPs into which a fluorescent Ln material is incorporated will be valuable as multiple imaging agents for both MRI-fluorescent imaging (FI) and MRI-cellular imaging (CL). These paramagnetic NPs can be further functionalized towards target-specific imaging, multiplex imaging, and drug delivery.

Gadolinium (Gd) is a unique and powerful element in chemistry and biomedicine which can be applied simultaneously to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and neutron capture therapy for cancers. This multifunctionality can be maximized using gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (GNPs) because of the large amount of Gd per GNP, making both diagnosis and therapy (i.e., theragnosis) for cancers possible using only GNPs. In this study, the T1 MRI and CT dual imaging capability of GNPs is explored by synthesizing various iodine compound (IC) coated GNPs (IC-GNPs). All the IC-GNP samples showed stronger X-ray absorption and larger longitudinal water proton relaxivities (r1 = 26-38 s(-1) mM(-1) and r2/r1 = 1.4-1.9) than the respective commercial contrast agents. In vivo T1 MR and CT images of mice were also acquired, supporting that the GNP is a potential dual imaging agent.

A search is reported for massive resonances decaying into a quark and a vector boson (W or Z), or two vector bosons (WW, WZ, or ZZ). The analysis is performed on an inclusive sample of multijet events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1, collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The search uses novel jet-substructure identification techniques that provide sensitivity to the presence of highly boosted vector bosons decaying into a pair of quarks. Exclusion limits are set at a confidence level of 95% on the production of: (i) excited quark resonances q*decaying to qW and qZ for masses less than 3.2 TeV and 2.9 TeV, respectively, (ii) a Randall-Sundrum graviton GRS decaying into WW for masses below 1.2 TeV, and (iii) a heavy partner of the W boson W′ decaying into WZ for masses less than 1.7 TeV. For the first time mass limits are set on W′ → WZ and GRS → WW in the all-jets final state. The mass limits on q* → qW, q* → qZ, W′ → WZ, GRS → WW are the most stringent to date. A model with a “bulk” graviton Gbulk that decays into WW or ZZ bosons is also studied.

A facile one-pot synthesis of a water-soluble MnO nanocolloid (i.e., d-glucuronic acid-coated MnO nanoparticle) is presented. The MnO nanoparticle in the MnO nanocolloid was coated with a biocompatible and hydrophilic d-glucuronic acid, and its particle diameter was nearly monodisperse and ranged from 2 to 3 nm. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the MnO nanocolloid was estimated to be 5 nm. The MnO nanoparticle was nearly paramagnetic down to T = 3 K. The MnO nanocolloid showed a high longitudinal water proton relaxivity of r1 = 7.02 s−1 mM−1 with the r2/r1 ratio of 6.83 due to five unpaired S-state electrons of Mn(II) ion (S = 5/2) as well as a high surface to volume ratio of the MnO nanoparticle. High contrast in vivo T1 MR images were obtained for various organs, showing the capability of the MnO nanocolloid as a sensitive T1 MRI contrast agent. The suggested three key-parameters which control the r1 and r2 relaxivities of nanocolloids (i.e., the S value of a metal ion, the spin structure, and the surface to volume ratio of a nanoparticle) successfully accounted for the observed r1 and r2 relaxivities of the MnO nanocolloid.

We report here paramagnetic dysprosium nanomaterial-based T2 MRI contrast agents. A large r2 and a negligible r1 is an ideal condition for T2 MR imaging. At this condition, protons are strongly and nearly exclusively induced for T2 MR imaging. The dysprosium nanomaterials fairly satisfy this because they are found to possess a decent r2 but a negligible r1 arising from L + S state 4f-electrons in Dy(III) ion (6H15/2). Their r2 will also further increase with increasing applied field because of unsaturated magnetization at room temperature. Therefore, MR imaging and various physical properties of the synthesized d-glucuronic acid coated ultrasmall dysprosium oxide nanoparticles (davg = 3.2 nm) and dysprosium hydroxide nanorods (20 × 300 nm) are investigated. These include hydrodynamic diameters, magnetic properties, MR relaxivities, cytotoxicities, and 3 tesla in vivo T2 MR images. Here, MR imaging properties of dysprosium hydroxide nanorods have not been reported so far. These two samples show r2s of 65.04 and 181.57 s−1mM−1, respectively, with negligible r1s at 1.5 tesla and at room temperature, no in vitro cytotoxicity up to 100 μM Dy, and clear negative contrast enhancements in 3 tesla in vivo T2 MR images of a mouse liver, which will be even more improved at higher MR fields. Therefore, d-glucuronic acid coated ultrasmall dysprosium oxide nanoparticles with renal excretion can be a potential candidate as a sensitive T2 MRI contrast agent at MR field greater than 3 tesla.

A new type of dual-mode T1 and T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent based on mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles was synthesized. Gd(3+) ((8)S7/2) plays an important role in T1 MRI contrast agents because of its large electron spin magnetic moment resulting from its seven unpaired 4f-electrons, and Dy(3+) ((6)H15/2) has the potential to be used in T2 MRI contrast agents because of its very large total electron magnetic moment: among lanthanide oxide nanoparticles, Dy2O3 nanoparticles have the largest magnetic moments at room temperature. Using these properties of Gd(3+) and Dy(3+) and their oxide nanoparticles, ultrasmall mixed gadolinium-dysprosium oxide (GDO) nanoparticles were synthesized and their potential to act as a dual-mode T1 and T2 MRI contrast agent was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The D-glucuronic acid coated GDO nanoparticles (davg = 1.0 nm) showed large r1 and r2 values (r2/r1 ≈ 6.6) and as a result clear dose-dependent contrast enhancements in R1 and R2 map images. Finally, the dual-mode imaging capability of the nanoparticles was confirmed by obtaining in vivo T1 and T2 MR images.

Mesoporous carbon, which was templated by colloidal silica, was added to a sulfur cathode as a functional material to confine polysulfides to improve the cyclic performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. To investigate the effect of the pore size and the pore volume of mesoporous carbon on the absorption characteristics of the Li-polysulfides, mesoporous carbons with various pore sizes and total pore volumes were prepared by varying the size and the amount of colloidal silica templates. The results show that mesoporous carbon-containing sulfur cathode enhanced the cyclic performance of the batteries significantly. Comparable performances were observed regardless of pore size, suggesting that the pore size is not a critical factor affecting the absorption characteristics of the Li-polysulfides. However, the cyclic performance was affected by the total pore volume, suggesting that a certain pore volume is necessary to confine the majority of the soluble Li-polysulfides generated during cycling and to enhance sulfur utilization. The novel results obtained in this study will contribute to the consolidation of S electrochemistry and further development of high-energy lithium–sulfur batteries.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with biocompatible materials is very promising for in vivo applications, such as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for tumor therapy or cardiovascular disease. Biomedical application requires the biocompatible SPION, which is stable and well dispersed in water at physiological pH or in physiological salinity. Many different approaches are used for generation of functionalized nanoparticles in order to obtain the required properties for biomedical uses. In order to obtain biocompatible SPION, SPIONs with size 5 ± 1 nm have been synthesized and these SPIONs have been coated with poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). HRTEM, XRD, FT-IR, and MPMS measurements were employed to investigate the properties of nanoparticles. The PLGA coated magnetic fluids have been found to be well dispersed in water. The aqueous dispersion of the magnetic fluids has been used for in vivo MRI.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of the hydrogenation catalyst [(PP)Rh(NBD)]ClO4, PP = (.eta.5-(Me3C)2PC5H4)2Fe, and some comparative rate studiesWilliam R. Cullen, Tae Jeong Kim, Frederick W. B. Einstein, and Terry JonesCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 6, 714–719Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/om00078a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1145Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (686 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Potentials of hydrophilic and biocompatible ligand coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles as multimodal imaging agents, drug carriers, and therapeutic agents are reviewed. First of all, they can be used as advanced T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents because they have r1 larger than those of Gd(III)-chelates due to a high density of Gd(III) per nanoparticle. They can be further functionalized by conjugating other imaging agents such as fluorescent imaging (FI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) agents. They can be also useful for drug carriers through morphology modifications. They themselves are also potential CT and ultrasound imaging (USI) contrast and thermal neutron capture therapeutic (NCT) agents, which are superior to commercial iodine compounds, air-filled albumin microspheres, and boron (10B) compounds, respectively. They, when conjugated with targeting agents such as antibodies and peptides, will provide enhanced images and be also very useful for diagnosis and therapy of diseases (so called theragnosis). Keywords: Gadolinium oxide nanoparticle, MRI, multimodal imaging, therapeutic agent.

There is no doubt that the molecular imaging is an extremely important technique in diagnosing diseases. Dual imaging is emerging as a step forward in molecular imaging technique because it can provide us with more information useful for diagnosing diseases than single imaging. Therefore, diverse dual imaging modalities should be developed. Molecular imaging generally relies on imaging agents. Mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles could be valuable materials for dual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fluorescent imaging (FI) because they have both excellent and diverse magnetic and fluorescent properties useful for dual MRI-FI, depending on lanthanide ions used. Since they are mixed nanoparticles, they are compact, robust, and stable, which is extremely useful for biomedical applications. They can be also easily synthesized with facile composition control. In this study, we explored three systems of ultrasmall mixed lanthanide (Dy/Eu, Ho/Eu, and Ho/Tb) oxide nanoparticles to demonstrate their usefulness as dual T2 MRI-FI agents.

This study was aimed to investigate gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with those in patients with other parkinsonian disorders, and to characterize parkinsonian motor and non-motor correlates for GI dysfunction.Consecutive patients with PD, atypical parkinsonism (P-plus) and vascular parkinsonism (VP) were enrolled in this multicenter systematic survey. Data for weight loss, appetite loss, sialorrhea, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and constipation were simultaneously collected using symptom-specific, structured questionnaires. For the PD group, information for onset age, PD duration, anti-parkinsonian drug dosages, unified PD rating scale, and Hoehn & Yahr stage were collected at the time of the interview.Enrolled in the study were 329 PD, 82 P-plus, and 62 VP patients. GI symptom frequencies were similar in PD and other parkinsonian groups. Among the PD patients, constipation was the most common symptom, followed by appetite loss, weight loss, dysphagia, sialorrhea, and GERD (64.9%, 45.4%, 35.7%, 19.4%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively). Dysphagia, sialorrhea, and constipation became more frequent with more advanced PD stages. Cognition, sleep and mood disturbances were significantly associated with weight loss, appetite loss, and dysphagia, whereas bradykinesia, axial and postural instability with gait disturbance were associated with dysphagia.GI disturbance is common in patients with non-PD parkinsonism as well as in those with PD. GI symptoms correlated with distinct parkinsonian motor and nonmotor features in PD. Further studies are warranted to reveal the pathophysiological mechanisms and prognostic features of GI disturbances in parkinsonian disorders.

2-Bromobenzaldehydes react with arylhydrazines in toluene at 100 [degree]C in the presence of a catalytic amount of a palladium catalyst and phosphorus chelating ligands such as 1,1[prime or minute]-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane along with NaO-t-Bu to afford 1-aryl-1H-indazoles in good yields.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of three hydrogenation catalysts [(P-P)Rh(NBD)]ClO4 and some comparative rate studies where (P-P) = (.eta.5-R1R2PC5H4)(.eta.5-R3R4PC5H4)Fe (R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = Ph; R1 = R2 = Ph, R3 = R4 = CMe3; R1 = R3 = Ph, R2 = R4 = CMe3)William R. Cullen, Tae Jeong Kim, Frederick W. B. Einstein, and Terry JonesCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 2, 346–351Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/om00121a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (736 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

We report the synthesis, characterization and application of highly water-soluble fluorescein-polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cell labeling (CL). The average particle diameter and average hydrodynamic diameter were estimated to be 3.92 and 7.5 nm, respectively. Fluorescein-PEI was prepared from EDC/NHS coupling method. The surface coating was characterized by the FT-IR absorption spectrum and the surface coating amount was estimated to be 22.42 wt% from a TGA analysis, corresponding to 0.65 nm−2 grafting density. The fluorescein-PEI coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles showed r1 and r2 of 6.76 and 20.27 s−1mM−1, respectively, and a strong fluorescence at ∼527 nm. A pronounced positive contrast enhancement was clearly observed in 3 tesla T1 MR images of a rat with a liver tumor after injection of an aqueous sample solution into a rat tail vein. After treatment of DU145 cells with a sample solution, a strong fluorescence in confocal images was also observed. These two results together confirm the excellent MRI-CL dual functionality of fluorescein-PEI coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles.

A bstract Some interpretations of $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mfenced> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> anomaly in B meson decay using leptoquark (LQ) models can also generate top quark decays through Flavor Changing Neutral Current (FCNC). In this work we focus on two LQs, i.e. scalar S 1 and vector U 1 which are both singlet under the SU(2) L gauge group in the Standard Model (SM). We investigate their implications on the 3-body top FCNC decays t → cℓ i ℓ j at tree level and the 2-body t → cV at one-loop level, with ℓ being the SM leptons and V = γ, Z, g being the SM gauge bosons. We utilize the 2 σ parameter fitting ranges of the LQ models and find that Br ( t → cℓ i ℓ j ) at tree level can reach $$ \mathcal{O} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:math> (10 −6 ) and Br ( t → cV ) at one-loop level can reach $$ \mathcal{O} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:math> (10 −10 ). Some quick collider search prospects are also analyzed.

Abstract We have developed ultra‐small gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles, which are surface‐doped with manganese oxide (MnO) (abbreviated as Gd 2 O 3 @MnO). The surface‐doped nanoparticles ranged from 1 to 2 nm in diameter. They were further coated with hydrophilic biocompatible lactobionic acid. In‐vitro tests of the sample solution indicated clear dose‐dependent contrast enhancements in both T 1 and T 2 map images, showing that the nanoparticles may be used as both T 1 and T 2 MRI contrast agents. Their performance as a T 1 MRI contrast agent was proved in vivo through T 1 MR images of a mouse.

Multiple molecular imaging is a challenging subject. Water-soluble and biocompatible lactobionic acid coated ultrasmall mixed gadolinium–europium oxide nanoparticles with an average particle diameter of 1.75 nm and an average hydrodynamic diameter of 4.16 nm were synthesized and applied for T1, T2 MRI-FI in vitro and in vivo. They had r1 and r2 values of 11.9 and 38.7 s−1 mM−1, respectively, and showed clear dose-dependent contrast changes in both R1 and R2 map images. In addition, they showed both positive and negative contrast enhancements in 3 tesla T1 and T2 MR images in a mouse, respectively, and fluorescent confocal images in both DU145 cells and C. elegans (a small nematode). This study demonstrates the T1, T2 MRI-FI multi-functionality of lactobionic acid coated mixed gadolinium–europium oxide nanoparticles.

The water-soluble d-glucuronic acid coated ultrasmall Eu2O3 nanoparticles with particle diameters ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 nm and with a hydrodynamic diameter of 4.71 nm were synthesized in one-pot solution phase reaction and their fluorescent imaging properties were characterized in vitro and in vivo. They showed a strong fluorescence in the red region, a high photostability, a narrow bandwidth, and non-toxicity up to 0.5 mM Eu, which is suitable for a high performance fluorescent imaging agent. This was proved in in vitro intracellular imaging of DU 145 cells and in vivo imaging of a digestive system of a small animal Caenorhabditis elegans.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Mn = 66.5 kD, size = 14 × 4 × 4 nm) is an attractive biological molecule for biomedical applications because of its water-solubility and bio-compatibility. It can also bind many ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs) as confirmed in this study. We synthesized polyethylene glycol diacid (PEGD) coated ultrasmall Gd2O3 nanoparticles (PEGD-GNPs, the core davg = 2.0 nm), which were then conjugated to BSA and cleaved-BSA (C-BSA) (i.e. BSA-PEGD-GNPs and C-BSA-PEGD-GNPs) through amide bonding. Large relaxivities were observed in both aqueous sample solutions (r1 = 6.0 s−1 mM−1 and r2 = 28.0 s−1 mM−1 for BSA-PEGD-GNPs and r1 = 7.6 s−1 mM−1 and r2 = 22.0 s−1 mM−1 for C-BSA-PEGD-GNPs). Three tesla T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a mouse after the injection of an aqueous sample solution of BSA-PEGD-GNPs into a mouse tail vein revealed significant negative contrast enhancements. Large relaxivities and in vivo MR images prove that BSA-PEGD-GNPs and C-BSA-PEGD-GNPs are potential MRI contrast agents.

2-(2-Bromophenyl)-2-oxazolines react with carbon monoxide (3 atm) in alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a bimetallic palladium–nickel catalyst to give the corresponding isoindolinones in high yields.

Abstract To date, only a few nanosystems have been investigated as T 1 MRI‐CT dual contrast agents. The T 1 MRI‐CT dual functionality of a material depends on its longitudinal water‐proton relaxivity ( r 1 ) and X‐ray absorption strength. We explored Gd(IO 3 ) 3 · 2H 2 O nanomaterial because Gd is the most powerful element for T 1 MRI contrast agents, and both Gd and I absorb X‐ray radiation; Gd absorbs X‐ray radiation ca. 2.5 times more strongly than I. D ‐Glucuronic acid coated Gd(IO 3 ) 3 · 2H 2 O nanomaterial showed a very large r 1 of 52.3 s –1 m M –1 ( r 2 / r 1 = 1.21), which could be ascribed to hydrated water molecules in the lattice. Its X‐ray absorption intensity was also stronger than those of commercial molecular iodine CT contrast agents. This result clearly suggests that D ‐glucuronic acid coated Gd(IO 3 ) 3 · 2H 2 O nanomaterial is a potential T 1 MRI‐CT dual contrast agent.

Water-soluble and biocompatible D-glucuronic acid coated Na2WO4 and BaCO3 nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time to be used as x-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents. Their average particle diameters were 3.2 ± 0.1 and 2.8 ± 0.1 nm for D-glucuronic acid coated Na2WO4 and BaCO3 nanoparticles, respectively. All the nanoparticles exhibited a strong x-ray attenuation. In vivo CT images were obtained after intravenous injection of an aqueous sample suspension of D-glucuronic acid coated Na2WO4 nanoparticles, and positive contrast enhancements in the kidney were clearly shown. These findings indicate that the nanoparticles reported in this study may be promising CT contrast agents.

The work describes the synthesis and in vivo application of [Gd(L)(H2O)]·xH2O, where L is a ((125)I/(127)I-RGD)- DOTA conjugate, as a tumor-targeting SPECT/MR bimodal imaging probe. Here, ((125)I/(127)I-RGD)-DOTA signifies a "cocktail mixture" of radioisotopic (1a, L = (125)I-RGD-DOTA) and natural (1b, L = (127)I-RGD-DOTA) Gd complexes. The two complexes are chemically equivalent as revealed by HPLC, and their cocktail mixture exhibits the integrin-specific tumor enhancement, demonstrating that they constitute essentially a single bimodal imaging probe. Employment of a cocktail mixture thus proves to be a sole and practical approach to overcome the sensitivity difference problem between MRI and SPECT.

To investigate the effect of the electrode materials on the electrochemical performance of Li-S cells, sulfur cathodes were constructed using four types of carbon blacks: Ketjenblack EC-600JD (KB-600), Printex XE-2, Cabot BP-2000, and Super-P. It was found that the electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode was strongly dependent on the type of carbon black used. In the first discharge, the sulfur cathodes containing carbon blacks with a high surface area, KB-600 (SBET = 1270 m2/g), Printex XE-2 (SBET = 950 m2/g), or Cabot BP-2000 (SBET = 1487 m2/g), showed much higher discharge capacities (>1200 mA h/g) than the sulfur cathode (710 mA h/g) with Super-P (SBET = 62 m2/g). It was observed that the sulfur cathodes with KB-600, Printex XE-2, or Cabot BP-2000, which showed very similar discharge capacities one another at a low rate of 0.2 C, exhibited significantly different electrochemical behavior (the discharge capacity and midvoltage) at a high rate of 1.0 C. In particular, the sulfur cathode with KB-600 showed an extremely high capacity (831 mA h/g) with a midvoltage of 2.07 V at a 1.0 C rate, and excellent capacity retention (79%) after 50 cycles.

Objectives The relationship between transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) and pleural recurrence of cancer after curative lung resection remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether TTNB increases the ipsilateral pleural recurrence (IPR) rate and identify other potential risk factors for pleural recurrence after surgery. Materials and methods This retrospective study included 392 patients with p-stage I non-small cell lung cancer with solid or part-solid nodules after curative lung resection in 2009–2010. Imbalances among the characteristics were adjusted using an inverse probability-weighted method based on propensity scoring. Multivariate Cox’s regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to determine independent risk factors for IPR. Results A total of 243 (62%) patients received TTNB, while 149 (38%) underwent an alternate, or no, diagnostic technique. IPR was significantly more frequent in the TTNB group (p = 0.004), while total recurrence was similar between the groups (p = 0.098). After applying the weighted model, diagnostic TTNB (hazard ratio [HR], 5.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–18.69; p = 0.010), microscopic visceral pleural invasion (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.08–7.01; p = 0.033) and microscopic lymphatic invasion (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.30–8.10; p = 0.012) were associated with an increased frequency of IPR. Among patients who received TTNB, microscopic lymphatic invasion was a risk factor for IPR (HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.10–6.79; p = 0.030). Conclusions The diagnostic TTNB procedure is associated with pleural recurrence but may be unrelated to overall recurrence-free survival in early lung cancer. Moreover, microscopic lymphatic invasion could be a risk factor for pleural recurrence. TTNB should be carefully considered before lung resection and close follow-up to detect if pleural recurrence is needed.

2-Bromobenzaldehydes react with an array of suitably functionalized alkenes in the presence of a catalytic amount of a palladium catalyst together with a base to afford the corresponding naphthalenes in moderate to good yields.

Abstract Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized at a wide range of NaCl solutions ( c  = 0.01–3.0 M). The particle diameter ( d ) was reduced from 7.7 to 6.8 nm and the colloidal stability dropped with increasing c . The salt effect on the d was successfully elucidated with an aid of a homogeneous nucleation model. The saturation magnetization ( M s ) reduction and the lattice contraction (Δ a ) from −0.015 to −0.038 A with increasing c were observed due to the decrease of the d . From the Δ a , the surface tension ( γ ) enhancement from 0.192 to 0.614 N/m with increasing c was estimated.

The work describes the synthesis and in vivo application of heterotrimetallic complexes of the type {Gd(H2O)[(M(H2O)(CO)3)2(1)]} {1 = DTPA-bis(histidyl-amide); M = Re (3a); (99m)Tc (3b)} for dual modality MR/SPECT imaging. Here, the DTPA-bis(histidylamide) conjugate functions as a trinucleating chelate incorporating Gd in the DTPA core with Re or (99m)Tc in the pair of histidylamide side arms. The two complexes are chemically equivalent as revealed by HPLC, and their "cocktail mixture" (3a + 3b) has demonstrated itself to be essentially a single bimodal imaging probe. The present system has thus overcome the sensitivity difference problem between MRI and SPECT and paved the way for practical applications.

To investigate the influence of the carbon matrix on the electrochemical performance of Si/C composites, four types of Si/C composites were prepared using graphite, petroleum coke, pitch and sucrose as carbon precursors. A ball mill was used to prepare Si/C blends from graphite and petroleum coke, whereas a dispersion technique was used to fabricate Si/C composites where Si was embedded in disordered carbon matrix derived from pitch or sucrose. The Si/pitch-based carbon composite showed superior Si utilization (96% in the first cycle) and excellent cycle retention (70% after 40 cycles), which was attributed to the effective encapsulation of Si and the buffering effect of the surrounding carbon matrix on the silicon particles.

The water-soluble and biocompatible D-glucuronic acid coated Eu(OH)3 nanorods (average thickness x average length = 9.0 x 118.3 nm) have been prepared in one-pot synthesis. The D-glucuronic acid coated Eu(OH)3 nanorods showed a strong fluorescence at approximately 600 nm with a narrow emission band width. A cytotoxicity test by using DU145 cells showed that D-glucuronic acid coated Eu(OH)3 nanorods are not toxic up to 100 microM, making them a promising candidate for biomedical applications such as fluorescent imaging. The minimum Eu concentration needed for a conventional confocal imaging was estimated to be approximately 0.1 mM. Therefore, D-glucuronic acid coated Eu(OH)3 nanorods can be applied to fluorescent imaging. However, a very tiny magnetization of approximately 1.2 emu/g at room temperature and at an applied field of 5 tesla was observed. As a result, very small r1 and r2 water proton relaxivities were estimated, implying that surface coated Eu(OH)3 nanorods are not sufficient for MRI contrast agents.

This work presents a new insight into the reduction mechanism of solid sulfur during the first step of cell discharge, that is, a 2.4 V plateau in Li-S batteries, by testing a specially designed cell with the solid sulfur electrically isolated from the carbon cathode and comparing it with a conventional cell. Importantly, the cell with the electrically isolated sulfur particles confined between two separators shows very normal operation even during the first cycle and provides the same result as a conventional cell after several cycles. Based on the controlled potentiostatic and galvanostatic experiments, we propose a reasonable reaction route: a portion of the electrically isolated solid sulfur (S8) is dissolved in the electrolyte solution to form sulfur molecules, which can be electrochemically reduced to polysulfides on the carbon surface.

Abstract The palladium catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of o ‐bromobenzaldehyde 1 in alcoholic solution gave 3‐alkoxyphthalides 3a‐e in 61–85% isolated yields via intramolecular cyclization induced by the coordinated formyl group on the palladium.

Abstract 2‐Iodobenzoyl chloride reacts with aldimines in acetonitrile at 100° under carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride together with triethylamine to give the corresponding 3‐alkenylisoindolin‐1‐ones in good yields.

The electrochemical performance of Li-S cells was investigated in various ternary electrolyte solutions composed of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (TGM), and 1,3-dioxolane (DOX). The discharge capacity values and cycle data obtained at each composition were statistically treated with the Minitab program to obtain mixture contour plots, from which the optimal composition of the ternary solvent systems was predicted. The discharge capacities and capacity retention were quite dependent on the electrolyte composition. It was estimated from the contour plots of the capacity at 1.0 C that the discharge capacity sharply increased with a decrease in the TGM content. High capacities greater than 900 mAh/g at 1.0 C were expected for the electrolyte composition with a volume ratio of DME/TGM/DOX = 1/0/1. In contrast, it was predicted from the mixture contour plot of the capacity retention that the cycle performance would significantly increase with an increase in the DME content.

This article seeks to examine the effects of the aging population in Illinois with inclusion of the household’s heterogeneity across migration status and investment in human capital. By adopting a stylized Mincer wage regression, the article shows that there are significant gaps in returns to education between migration statuses in Illinois; further, there exist significant relationships between a resident’s demographics and the probability of in- and out-migration to/from Illinois. Using a two-sector Overlapping Generations (OLG) model incorporated with the household’s heterogeneity over migration status, this article projects the economic growth of Illinois in the future. This article also shows that the effects of the government’s immigration policy that aims at replacing low-productive international immigrants with native and relatively high-productive unemployed individuals who have been unemployed, are very limited in terms of per capita income, welfare, and aggregate productivity. On the contrary, a tax and transfer policy inducing international immigrants to invest more in their education works relatively better under the demographic changes facing Illinois over the next three decades.

Abstract Ethanolic tetracarbonylhydridoferrate combined with adipaldehyde is very efficient for the selective transformation of an amino group into perhydroazepine. A large variety of both aliphatic and aromatic amines react with adipaldehyde in the presence of tetracarbonylhydridoferrate at room temperature and carbon monoxide to give the corresponding N ‐alkyl‐ and N ‐arylperhydroazepines in good to excellent yields.

We report a rare case of a primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma. A 44-year-old man had a well-defined tumor in the left posterior mediastinum involving the left lower lobe of the lung, as detected on chest computed tomography, and underwent an en bloc excision and a left lower lobectomy. Grossly, the tumor measured 8.0 cm in the greatest diameter, with a solid and tan-white cut surface. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of spindle-shaped cells with a few foci of epithelial differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies were focally positive for cytokeratin, and diffusely positive for vimentin and bcl-2. Epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, desmin, smooth muscle actin, calretinin, and CD34 were all negative. The SYT-SSX1 gene fusion transcript was detected by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, which was diagnostic of primary synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum. We also reviewed the literature with regard to the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies of primary intrathoracic synovial sarcoma.

Abstract This article attempts to project the economic paths for the individual Midwest states (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin, as well as the rest of the US) in the near future when the population ageing becomes more pronounced. To accomplish this task, a dynamic general equilibrium model is developed so that it could incorporate the inter-regional transactions and endogenous growth mechanisms within the framework of an Overlapping Generations (OLG) model. Key parameter values associated with the regional interconnections were assigned using a multi-regional Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of the Midwest states. Two different steady-state results were presented with two different age-cohort population structures corresponding to year 2007 and 2030. These steady-state results imply that the rate of declining of per-capita output is projected to be heterogeneous across the regions due to different developments of age-cohort population structures and consequently different levels of endogenously determined educational investment of workers. Also, two steady-state simulation results revealed that the development of output price in a certain region reflects the dynamics of demographics of every region. Meanwhile, the dynamic simulation results reveal that the per-capita output of every region is projected to grow positively in the near future when the population ageing will be pronounced. However, the growth rate of the per-capita output is projected to be heterogeneous across the regions: the regions with high-skilled workers hold the potential threat that population ageing could give more negative impacts on the economy due to the relatively sluggish growth of human capital stock. Also, the dynamic simulation results show that certain regions in the Midwest will experience their terms of trade deterioration in the near future, implying that careful attention should be given to their future trade conditions. Keywords: human capitaloverlapping generationsinter-regional transactiondemographic transitionSocial Accounting Matrix (SAM)terms of tradeJEL Classification:: E17R11 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mark Partridge and the anonymous referees for their valuable insights and suggestions. The support of the National Science Foundation Grant 0818575 is gratefully acknowledged. Notes Formerly, Regional Economics Applications Laboratory and Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. 1 This article assumes that the deepening scarcity of effective labour units (combined with labour productivity) imposes upward pressure on the wage rate in the corresponding economy. 2 There is no investor in this model explicitly. However, for the purpose of interpretation of the model specification, an investor could be understood as a group of individuals in each region; and an investor is supposed to decide the composition of portfolio of the aggregate investment in his/her region. 3 Turner et al. (2012) provided some econometric estimates for a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for Illinois and compared them with some other national and regional estimates from the literature. 4 According to the 2008 American Community Survey (ACS) data, Illinois ranked the second state after New York in the volume of losing the elderly residents (age 65+) through the out-migration during the previous year. 5 This could be a strict assumption in the dynamic simulation since the individuals respond sensitively to the movement of economic variables in the future. Thus, it is quite desirable to get the projection of the age-cohort population structure as long as possible for the dynamic simulation, like the model in this article. 6 These alternative values are drawn from Turner et al. (2012). 0.947 is the elasticity estimate for wood products and furniture goods, 1.016 is for primary metals products goods and 1.336 is for machinery and electric equipment goods. Additional informationNotes on contributorsTae-Jeong Kim Formerly, Regional Economics Applications Laboratory and Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.

Abstract The $$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {H}(\text {b}\bar{\text {b}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> process is an essential channel in revealing the Higgs boson properties; however, its final state has an irreducible background from the $$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> process, which produces a top quark pair in association with a b quark pair. Therefore, understanding the $$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> process is crucial for improving the sensitivity of a search for the $$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {H}(\text {b}\bar{\text {b}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> process. To this end, when measuring the differential cross section of the $$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> process, we need to distinguish the b-jets originating from top quark decays and additional b-jets originating from gluon splitting. In this paper, we train deep neural networks that identify the additional b-jets in the $${\text {t}}{\bar{\text {t}}}{\text {b}}{\bar{\text {b}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> events under the supervision of a simulated $$\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> event data set in which true additional b-jets are indicated. By exploiting the special structure of the $$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> event data, several loss functions are proposed and minimized to directly increase matching efficiency, i.e., the accuracy of identifying additional b-jets. We show that, via a proof-of-concept experiment using synthetic data, our method can be more advantageous for improving matching efficiency than the deep learning-based binary classification approach presented in [1]. Based on simulated $$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> event data in the lepton+jets channel from pp collision at $$\sqrt{s}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt></mml:math> = 13 TeV, we then verify that our method can identify additional b-jets more accurately: compared with the approach in [1], the matching efficiency improves from 62.1 $$\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math> to 64.5 $$\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math> and from 59.9 $$\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math> to 61.7 $$\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math> for the leading order and the next-to-leading order simulations, respectively.

Mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extract (MLE) is known to have anti-obesity effects. In this study, the enhanced effects of MLE after bioconversion treatment using Pectinex (BMLE) on obesity were explored, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using the active components, neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), whose amounts were increased by bioconversion of MLE. Both MLE and BMLE inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without cytotoxicity and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). In addition, MLE and BMLE decreased high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue mass expansion. Notably, BMLE significantly increased antiadipogenic and anti-obesity effects compared to MLE in vitro and in vivo. The active ingredients increased by bioconversion, 5-CQA and 4-CQA, inhibited the protein levels of C/EBPα and the mRNA levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). These findings provide new insights into the therapeutic possibility of using bioconversion of MLE, by which upregulation of 5-CQA and 4-CQA potently inhibits adipogenesis.

E-mail: heojn@krict.re.krReceived September 25, 2011, Accepted October 11, 2011Key Words : Sauristolactam, Phenanthrene lactam, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, Cascade reactionSauristolactam (1) is a naturally occurring alkaloid thatwas first isolated from the extracts of the aquatic weedSaururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae) by Rao and Reddy in1990.

T2 MRI contrast agents cannot be synthesized by using molecules but nanoparticles because appreciable magnetic moments at room temperature are needed. Recently, some of lanthanide (Ln) oxide nanoparticles have shown decent magnetic moments at room temperature and even at ultrasmall particle diameters. In this study, we explored D-glucuronic acid coated Ln2O3 nanoparticles (Ln = Ho and Er) with ultrasmall particle diameters. They showed decent magnetic moments at room temperature and as a result, appreciable transverse water proton relaxivities (r2s) at 1.5 tesla MR field. Clear dose-dependent contrast enhancements in R2 map images were observed in both samples. These results showed that D-glucuronic acid coated Ln2O3 nanoparticles (Ln = Ho and Er) would be potential T2 MRI contrast agents at high MR fields.

This paper examines the influence of the sulfur concentration on the electrochemical properties of Li–S cells over a very wide sulfur concentration range of 1.5 to 14.2 m. The sulfur utilization decreased gradually from 74 to 40% with increasing sulfur concentration in this concentration range. Surprisingly, the Li–S cells successfully operated with a considerable capacity (675 mAh/g) even under an extremely high sulfur concentration of 14.2 m. At a high rate of 5.0 C, the cells with 9.8 and 11.5 m sulfur showed much poorer rate capabilities than those with 2.3 and 5.6 m sulfur. This feature was attributed mainly to the significant ohmic drop and large reaction overpotential due to chemical reactions coupled with the electrode reactions of sulfur and polysulfides. In addition, there was a notable variation in the cycle performance with a change in the sulfur concentration. Interestingly, higher capacity retention was observed in 5.6 and 9.8 m sulfur than in low (2.3 m) and high (11.5 m) sulfur concentrations.

In a lithium‐ion battery, the organic solvent in the electrolyte simply acts as a medium that facilitates ionic charge transfer, whereas for the lithium‐sulfur (Li—S) battery, the choice of the electrolyte is critical as it influences the chemical nature of the soluble polysulfides and the cycling stability of the lithium metal anode. Li‐S batteries currently use ether‐based electrolytes with high polysulfide solubility. Until now, however, the necessary requirements and the roles of the electrolytes have been inconclusive. This work elucidates the essential features and functions of the electrolyte based on an intensive investigation into 17 variants of solvents. Furthermore, examples of electrolytes for high performance, rechargeable Li—S batteries are suggested. The three major study procedures are (1) analyzing the chemical stability of reactive polysulfide species and lithium metal in the solvents of choice, (2) inspecting the chemical reactivity of lithium metal in a polysulfide solution, and (3) evaluating the influences of the solvent on the performance of Li—S cells. Based on the chemical and electrochemical test results, we suggest that the stability of the active materials (i.e., lithium metal and lithium polysulfides) should be ensured in an electrolyte for the proper operation of Li—S cells, that chemical reactions between the polysulfide species and lithium metal should be negligible during the charge–discharge process. In addition, we have confirmed that the high polysulfide solubility is essential for high rate performance.

We examine the potential use of disordered mesoporous carbon as a functional additive for confining dissolved Li-polysulfides and improving the cycling performance of Li-S batteries. To promote a better understanding of the correlation between the total pore volume of disordered mesoporous carbon and the cycling performance of Li-S batteries, a series of disordered mesoporous carbons with different total pore volumes are successfully synthesized using a commercial silica template. Based on the electrochemical and structural analyses, we suggest that the total pore volume of disordered mesoporous carbon is a predominant factor in determining its capability for either the absorption or adsorption of Li-polysulfides, which is primarily responsible for enhancing the cycling performance. The addition of disordered mesoporous carbon is also effective in enhancing the homogeneous distribution of active sulfur in the cathode, thereby affecting the cycling performance.

exhibited dramatically improved reversible capacities andoutstanding rate capabilities. Key Words : Soft carbons, Phosphorus acid, Reversible capacities, Rate capabilitiesIntroductionThere is an increasing need for advanced batteries to suitrecent applications, such as converged digital devices andlarge-scale energy storage systems.

Two samples of ultra small Gd(III) doped iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared to investigate Gd(III) doping effect on longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) water proton relaxivities. Gd(III) doping mole percents were 0.2 and 0.4 for samples 1 and 2, respectively. Average particle diameters were 2.5 to 2.1 nm for samples 1 and 2, respectively. Reduced r1 and r2 values were observed in both samples. We attributed this to reduced magnetizations arising from opposing effect of Gd(III) to net magnetizations of Fe(III)/Fe(II) in oxide nanoparticles.

2-Bromobenzaldehyde is carbonylatively cyclised with alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 /PPh 3 together with a base to afford the corresponding 3-alkoxy-3 H-isobenzofuran-1-ones in good yields.

E-mail: kimhs@knu.ac.krReceived August 26, 2011, Accepted September 15, 2011Key Words : One-pot reductive amination, Chlorotriisopropoxytitanium(IV), 1,1'-Diacetylferrocene, Sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride1,1'-Disubstituted-ferrocenes, especially bearing chelatingnitrogen atoms, are an important class of ligands in organicsynthesis.

Purpose: Inconclusive results from computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle aspiration and biopsy (TNAB) performed for lung lesions presents a clinical dilemma. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting an inconclusive result from a CT guided TNAB, and to evaluate the final outcomes of these inconclusive results. Materials and Methods: The medical records and radiologic features of 331 patients with lung lesion who received CT guided TNAB were analyzed retrospectively. The results of the TNAB were classified as conclusive (malignancy or specific benign diagnosis) or inconclusive (nonspecific benign or nondiagnostic). Results: Of the 331 cases, 269 (81.3%) were diagnosed as a malignancy (210) or a specific benign lesion (59) after the first TNAB. The remaining 62 (18.7%) were inconclusive. Benign disease, a lesion size ≤15 mm, and morphology of the consolidation type were features significantly correlated with inconclusive results. Of these 62 inconclusive cases a second TNAB was performed in 23, and conclusive diagnoses were obtained in 19 (82.6%). Surgery or radiographic follow up was done in other cases. Finally, among the 62 inconclusive results on the first CT guided TNAB, 16 lesions were diagnosed as malignant, 26 were classified as specific benign disease, and the remaining 20 were defined as nonspecific inflammation. Age over 50 and morphology of a nodule or a mass type were significantly correlated with a malignancy in these 62 cases with inconclusive results on the first TNAB. Conclusion: A final diagnosis of benign disease was significantly higher after the CT guided TNAB was inconclusive for lesions ≤15 mm that had consolidation type morphology. Despite the application of core biopsy procedures, there continue to be appreciable numbers of inconclusive results after the first CT guided TNAB. A repeat CT guided TNAB had a high diagnostic yield in these cases and therefore should be considered for cases with inconclusive results.

Thoracolithiasis is a rare benign condition with mobile free bodies in the pleural cavity. It is asymptomatic and mostly found incidentally. Up to our knowledge there is no report of symptomatic numerous thoracolithiasis. We report a very rare case of thoracolithiasis in a 36-year-old female with chest discomfort. Images from computed tomography presented a chain of small non-enhancing nodules in the left hemi-diaphragmatic pleura. Exploratory thoracoscopy was performed and twenty-five mobile pearl like thoracolithiasis were discovered. Histopathology showed extensive necrotic fatty tissue at its center surrounded by fibrosis. The patient was symptom-free after the surgical removal of numerous thoracolithiasis, suggesting thoracolithiasis was associated with chest discomfort.

In the top quark pair production in association with the Higgs boson decaying to a b quark pair t-tbar H (b-bbar), the final state has an irreducible nonresonant background from the production of a top quark pair in association with a b quark pair t-tbar b-bbar. Therefore, understanding of the t-tbar b-bbar process precisely in particular differential cross-section as functions of the properties of the additional b jets not from the top quark decay is essential for improving the sensitivity of a search for the t-tbar H b-bbar process. The two additional b jets can be identified by using various approaches. In this paper, the performances are compared quantitatively in the lepton+jets decay channel in terms of the matching efficiency of assigning two additional b jets as a figure of merit. This study provides valuable information towards the precise measurement of differential cross-sections as a function of properties of the additional b jets in the t-tbar b-bbar events. We showed that a matching efficiency of around 40% could be achieved using a deep neural network method. In the events with at least 4 b jets, this performance is 8% better than that achieved using minimum Delta R(b,bbar) method. This is consistent with the boosted decision tree method within its statistical uncertainty.

We present a feasibility study of top-quark mass measurement using the lepton energy distribution in the top-quark decay $$t \rightarrow bW \rightarrow b\ell \nu $$ at the LHC. The method used in this study requires only the lepton energy distribution at parton level. The analysis is performed in the lepton + jets final state by using fast simulation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 20 fb $$^{-1}$$ at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 14 TeV. Events with exactly one lepton, at least four jets and two b jets are selected. The lepton energy distribution at parton level is obtained by applying the bin-by-bin unfolding technique. The study shows that the pole mass of the top quark can be measured with an uncertainty of the order of 1 GeV.

This study aims to develop a multivariate daily rainfall simulation model considering spatial coherence across watershed.The existing Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has been mainly applied to single site case so that the spatial coherences are not properly addressed.In this regard, HMM coupled with Chow-Liu Tree (CLT) that is designed to consider inter-dependences across rainfall networks was proposed.The proposed approach is applied to Han-River watershed where long-term and reliable hydrologic data is available, and a rigorous validation is finally conducted to verify the model's capability.It was found that the proposed model showed better performance in terms of reproducing daily rainfall statistics as well as seasonal rainfall statistics.Also, correlation matrix across stations for observation and simulation was compared and examined.It was confirmed that the spatial coherence was well reproduced via CLT-HMM model.

At the LHC, the process of a Higgs boson decaying into bottom or charm quarks produced in association with a pair of top quarks, tt&amp;macr;H, allows for an empirical exploration of the heavy-flavor quark Yukawa couplings to the Higgs boson. Accordingly, the cross sections for the tt&amp;macr; + heavy-flavor production without the appearance of the Higgs boson have been measured at the LHC in various phase spaces using data samples collected in pp collisions at s = 7, 8 and 13 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Flavor ratios of cross sections of tt&amp;macr; + additional jets processes with different flavors are also measured. In this paper, the measured cross sections and ratios are reviewed and the prospects with more data are presented.

At the LHC, the process of a Higgs boson decaying into bottom or charm quarks produced in association with a pair of top quarks, ttbarH , allows for an empirical exploration of the heavy-flavor quark Yukawa couplings to the Higgs boson. Accordingly, the cross-sections for the $t\bar{t}$ + heavy-flavor production without the appearance of the Higgs boson have been measured at the LHC in various phase spaces using data samples collected in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7, 8 and 13 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Flavor ratios of cross-sections of $t\bar{t}$ + heavy-flavors to $t\bar{t}$ + additional jets processes are also measured. In this paper, the measured cross-sections and ratios are reviewed and the prospects with more data are presented.

For the High Luminosity (HL-LHC) upgrade an upgrade of the CMS detector is foreseen. One of the main projects is the development of the improved Resistive Plate Chamber (iRPC) detectors that will be installed in the forward region of CMS. To validate the performance of the new detector gaps with HL-LHC radiation levels, experimental tests have been conducted at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). One chamber equipped with electronics is studied and its parameters are monitored as a function of the accumulated charge.

Regional modelers have spent a great deal of time and energy worrying about the level of sectoral aggregation but relatively little time considering the implications of aggregation of households into a representative household. In the US, households account for 70% of GDP on the expenditure side and increasing concerns about rising income inequality suggest that greater household disaggregation might be warranted. This paper provides a sampling of some evidence of the impacts for such disaggregation in regional econometric-input-output and computable general equilibrium models; attention is directed to disaggregation by age and income and a variety of experiments reveal the implications on a regional economy over the short- and long-run. Given the increasing attention on income distribution and inequality, the opportunity exists to provide important contributions to this literature by exploring the mechanisms of income formation, especially from non-wage and salary sources.

Although there have been several researches for vision-based fire detection, they still have a high false positive ratio as many fire-like colored moving objects exist in the world. For this reason, we propose a new fire detection algorithm using the Brownian correlation descriptor. In this algorithm, fire candidates are detected by the chroma-intensity map based on the color property of the flame. Next, Brownian correlation descriptors are extracted from the candidates. After extracting them, the Brownian motion classifier discriminates the dynamic property between the fire and fire-like objects through multiple adjacent frames in a video. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing with the recent algorithm using multiple positive and negative videos.

Seohyeon An, Sang-il Pak, Seonghoon Jeong, Soonki Min, Tae Jeong Kim, Dongho Shin, Youngkyung Lim, Jong Hwi Jeong, Haksoo Kim, Se Byeong Lee. Progress in Medical Physics 2022;33:80-7. https://doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2022.33.4.80

A large number of top quarks will be produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during the Run II period. This will allow us to measure the rare processes from the top sector in great details. We present a study of top-quark pair production in association with a bottom-quark pair ( $$t\bar tb\bar b$$ ) from fast simulations for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. The differential distributions of $$t\bar tb\bar b$$ are compared with the top-quark pair production with two additional jets ( $$t\bar tjj$$ ) and with the production in association with the Higgs ( $$t\bar tH$$ ), where the Higgs decays to a bottom-quark pair. The significances of the $$t\bar tb\bar b$$ process in the dileptonic and the semileptonic decay modes are calculated with the data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10 fb-1, which is foreseen to be collected in the early Run II period. This study will provide an important input in searching for new physics beyond the standard model, as well as in searching for the $$t\bar tH$$ process where the Yukawa coupling with the top quark can be directly measured.

2,2'-Biphenoxyborane (1,3,2-biphenyldioxaborepin, 1), readily available from the reaction of 2,2'-biphenol with borane in THF, reacts with alkenes readily at 25 o C, or rapidly at 68 o C, and with alkynes rapidly at 25 o C, to give the correponding alkyl- and alkenylbiphenoxyboranes in high yields. These hydroboration reactions proceed stereospecifically in a cis manner. A similar regioselectivity to catecholborane is realized with a greater reactivity

Measurement of pair production cross sections with an integrated luminosity of around 1 fb−1 at √s = 7 TeV obtained with the ATLAS and CMS detectors are reported. The inclusive cross sections in dilepton (ee, eμ, μμ and μτ), lepton+jets (e, μ) and all hadronic decay modes are measured. In addition to inclusive cross section measurement, the study of jet multiplicity with additional jets are also presented, which is important to constrain the initial state radiation. Measurement of the charge asymmetry at the LHC is also presented. All measurements are compatible with Standard Model predictions.

Searches for flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC) in top production and decay using data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at = 7 and 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 5 fb−1 and 20 fb−1 are presented. FCNC searches are conducted to probe tqZ, tqγ, tqH, and tgq interactions in various channels. There is no excess of signal observed in the data. The upper limit of ℬ(t → uγ) < 0.0161%, ℬ(t → ug) < 0.0355%, ℬ(t → Zq) < 0.05% and ℬ(t → cH) < 0.56% at 95% confidence level are obtained. Future prospects of FCNC searches with the upgraded detector at 14 TeV are also presented.

In 2011, an integrated luminosity of more than 5 fb−1 at 7 TeV has been delivered by the LHC. The measurement of the cross section in top quark pair production and in single top quark production, top quark mass, top quark properties and new physics searches in top quark decays have been performed at the CMS experiment with various integrated luminosities. An overview of the latest results of these measurements and searches by the time of ICFP 2012 conference will be presented.

The large number of top quarks will be produced at the Large Hadron Collider for Run II period. This will allow us to measure the rare processes from the top sector in great details. We present the study of the top-quark-pair production in association with a bottom-quark pair (ttbb) from fast simulations for the CMS experiment. Differential distributions of ttbb are compared with the top-quark-pair production with two additional jets (ttjj) and also the production in association with the Higgs (ttH) where the Higgs decays to a bottom-quark pair. The significances of ttbb process in the dileptonic and semileptonic decay mode are calculated with the data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10 fb-1 which is foreseen to be collected in the early Run II period. This study will be an important input in searching for the new physics beyond the standard model as well as in searching for ttH process where the Yukawa coupling with the top quark can be directly measured.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN started the data taking at the center of mass energy 13 TeV in June 2015.After the higgs discovery, the phase of searching for higgs boson have been moved to searching for the possible new physics which might explain what the standard model can not explain such as dark matter.A top quark is believed to have a hint in this journey.To accomplish this goal using a top quark, we need to understand our detector beforehand at the new center of mass energy with the physics objects.The decay products from a top quark contain most of all physics objects we identify in our detector.We present the status and performance of physics objects with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 42 pb -1 collected at √ s = 13 TeV by the CMS experiment during the summer in 2015.

Searches for flavor changing neutral currents in top production and decay using data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 8 TeV are presented, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 5 fb$^{-1}$ and 20 fb$^{-1}$. FCNC searches are conducted to probe $tqZ$, $tq\gamma$, $tqH$, and $tgq$ interactions in various channels. By the time of the 38$^{th}$ ICHEP conference in 2016, the upper limits on $\mathcal{B}(t \to u\gamma)$ $<$ 0.013%, $\mathcal{B}(t \to ug)$ $<$ 0.036%, $\mathcal{B}(t \to uZ)$ $<$ 0.05% and $\mathcal{B}(t \to uH)$ $<$ 0.42% at the 95% confidence level had been obtained by the CMS collaboration.

Searches for flavor changing neutral currents in top production and decay using data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 8 TeV are presented, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 5 fb$^{-1}$ and 20 fb$^{-1}$. FCNC searches are conducted to probe $tqZ$, $tq\gamma$, $tqH$, and $tgq$ interactions in various channels. By the time of the 38$^{th}$ ICHEP conference in 2016, the upper limits on $\mathcal{B}(t \to u\gamma)$ $<$ 0.013%, $\mathcal{B}(t \to ug)$ $<$ 0.036%, $\mathcal{B}(t \to uZ)$ $<$ 0.05% and $\mathcal{B}(t \to uH)$ $<$ 0.42% at the 95% confidence level had been obtained by the CMS collaboration.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN sitting astride the Franco-Swiss border near Geneva has accumulated the proton and proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 5 fb−1 at the center of mass energy 7 TeV in 2011 and around 20 fb−1 at 8 TeV in 2012 with the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. The CMS detector is designed to investigate the wide range of particle physics including testing perturbative QCD and searching for Brout-Englert-Higgs (BEH) boson as well as new physics phenomena beyond the Standard Model. Observation of a new boson has moved the phase from hunting for the SM BEH boson to evaluating the consistency of this new particle with the SM expectation. The latest results from the CMS collaboration will be presented.

Searches for flavor changing neutral currents in top production and decay using data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 8 TeV are presented, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 5 fb$^{-1}$ and 20 fb$^{-1}$. FCNC searches are conducted to probe $tqZ$, $tq\gamma$, $tqH$, and $tgq$ interactions in various channels. By the time of the 38$^{th}$ ICHEP conference in 2016, the upper limits on $\mathcal{B}(t \to u\gamma)$ $<$ 0.013%, $\mathcal{B}(t \to ug)$ $<$ 0.036%, $\mathcal{B}(t \to uZ)$ $<$ 0.05% and $\mathcal{B}(t \to uH)$ $<$ 0.42% at the 95% confidence level had been obtained by the CMS collaboration.

In this proceedings, the latest results from the CMS collaboration on searches for Supersymmetry with Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking (GMSB) in final states with photons and leptons are presented using pp collision data from the 7 and 8 TeV LHC run. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of weak as well as strong production of SUSY particles, followed by cascade decays to a Gravitino as lightest supersymmetric particle.

In 2011, an integrated luminosity of more than 5 fb−1 at 7 TeV has been delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The measurements of the top-antitop quark charge asymmetry in top quark pair production have been performed at the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The measured charge asymmetry values from both experiments are within the uncertainties in agreement with the SM theory predictions. An overview of the latest results of these measurements by the time of TOP2012 conference will be presented.

Abstract not Available.

Searches for flavor changing neutral currents in top production and decay using data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and \mbox{8 TeV} are presented, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 5 fb$^{-1}$ and 20 fb$^{-1}$. FCNC searches are conducted to probe $tqZ$, $tq\gamma$, $tqH$, and $tgq$ interactions in various channels. By the time of the 38$^{th}$ ICHEP conference in 2016, the upper limits on \mbox{$\mathcal{B}(t \to u\gamma)$ $<$ 0.013\% }, \mbox{$\mathcal{B}(t \to ug)$ $<$ 0.036\%}, \mbox{$\mathcal{B}(t \to uZ)$ $<$ 0.05\%} and \mbox{$\mathcal{B}(t \to uH)$ $<$ 0.42\%} at the 95\% confidence level had been obtained by the CMS collaboration.

During the Run 2 period of the LHC, the ATLAS and CMS experiments have accumulated proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 3 fb$^{-1}$ in 2015 and 36 fb$^{-1}$ in 2016 at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV. In the journey of finding new physics, it is of importance to understand the standard model which seems to be complete after the Higgs discovery. Precision tests must be performed in every corner of the phase space since new physics can appear in any different places. In this proceedings, measurements of the differential cross sections of global event variables from the top quark pair productions at the both experiments using the data collected during the Run 2 period by the time of the year 2016 are presented.

저자약력 김태정 교수는 고려대학교 입자물리 전공 박사(2007)로 2008년부터 미국 University of Iowa, 벨기에 Brussels University(VUB) 연구원을 거쳐 2014년 전북대학교 조교수를 거쳐 2015년부터 한양대학교 부교수로 재직 중이다

During the Run 2 period of the LHC, the ATLAS and CMS experiments have accumulated proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 3 fb$^{-1}$ in 2015 and 36 fb$^{-1}$ in 2016 at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV. In the journey of finding new physics, it is of importance to understand the standard model which seems to be complete after the Higgs discovery. Precision tests must be performed in every corner of the phase space since new physics can appear in any different places. In this proceedings, measurements of the differential cross sections of global event variables from the top quark pair productions at the both experiments using the data collected during the Run 2 period by the time of the year 2016 are presented.

We report a facile one-pot synthesis of Fe3O4-CdX (X=S, Se) core-shell nanoparticles and characterized them with XRD, TEM, squid magnetometer, and UV-visible absorption and PL spectrometers. We observed that the core Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed a superparamagnetism at room temperature, whereas the shell CdX (X=S, Se) showed blue-shifts from the bulk materials in UV-visible absorption spectra, due to quantum confinement effect. These superparamagnetic and optical properties of the Fe3O4-CdX (X=S, Se) core-shell nanoparticles can be used for both MR and optical imagings. This dual imaging capability will increase a possibility of an early observation of disease such as cancer.

This work presents a search for the pair production of doubly-charged Higgs bosons in the process p{bar p} → H++H-- → μ+μ+μ-μ- using the data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 1.1 fb-1. This is the complete dataset of RunIIa taken from April 19, 2002 to February 22, 2006 by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. In the absence of significant excess above standard model background, 95% confidence level mass limits of M(H$±±\atop{L}$) > 150 GeV and M(H$±±\atop{R}$) > 126.5 GeV are set for left-handed and right-handed doubly-charged Higgs bosons respectively assuming a 100% branching ratio into muons.

The 4th Concept detector presently being designed for the International Linear Collider introduces several innovations in order to achieve the necessary experimental goal of a detecter that is 2-to-10 times better than the already excellent SLC and LEP detectors. We introduce a dual-readout calorimeter system, a cluster counting drift chamber, and a second solenoid to return the magnetic flux without iron. We discuss particle identification, momentum and energy resolutions, and the machine-detector interface that together offer the possibility of a very high-performance detector for e + e physics up to p s = 1 TeV.

After the Higgs discovery, more data was required not only to check the consistency with the Standard Model (SM) but also to search for possible new physics.At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the LHC will reach a peak instantaneous luminosity of 7.5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 in the middle of 2026.This upgrade will lead us to data corresponding an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb -1 which is around 10 times larger than data by the end of Run 3. Tackling this data deluge at the HL-LHC requires significant upgrades in ATLAS and CMS detectors.In this proceedings, with the upgraded detectors, we discuss some prospects on the SM and Higgs physics at the HL-LHC.

For the period of 2016 to 2018 (Run-2), data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 150 fb$^{-1}$ have been collected at the center of the mass energy of $13~{\rm TeV}$ by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The data deluge allows us to perform searches and measurements of the rare processes in the top quark sector. The latest cross section measurements and searches of the rare processes in association with a top quark pair are presented here.

Ethanolic tetra carbonylhydridoferrate solution combined with dialdehyde (no of carbon; 4,5,6) is very efficient for the selective transformation of amino group into N-heterocyclic compound. However, a large variety of both aliphatic and aromatic amines react with the ferrate-pimelaldehyde at room temperature under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide to give the corresponding N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-N-alkyiamine derivatives in moderate yields instead of the corresponding N-substituted perhydroazocine derivatives.

Purpose : To evaluate the NMR relaxation properties of newly developed high performance paramagnetic complexes. Materials and methods : 4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid (0.63g, 4 mmol) was mixed with the suspension solution of DMF (15mL) and DTPA-bis-anhydride (0.71g, 2 mmol) to synthesize the ligand. The ligand was then mixed with Gd2O3 (0.18g, 0.5 mmol) to synthesize Gd-chelate. For the measurement of magnetic relaxivity of paramagnetic compounds, the compounds were diluted to 1mM and then the relaxation times were measured at 1.5T(64 MHz). Inversion-recovery pulse sequence was employed for T1 relaxation measurement and CPMG(Carr-Purcell-Meiboon-Gill) pulse sequence was employed for T2 relaxation measurement. Using MATLAB(Version 7.1) program, T1 magnetic relaxation map, R1 map, T2 magnetic relaxation map and R2 map were developed to represent magnetic relaxation time and magnetic relaxivity as image. Results : Compared to and of Omniscan (Gadodiamide), which is commercially available paramagnetic MR agent, R1 of SUK090(Gd-C32H74N5O24) was and R1 of SUK091(Gd-C34H78N5O24) was . However, R1 of SUK092(Gd-C30H56N5O17) was decreased to . In case of R2, SUK090(Gd-C32H74N5O24) was and SUK091(Gd-C34H78N5O24) was whereas SUK092(Gd-C30H56N5O17) was decreased to . Conclusion : Among three new paramagnetic complexes, SUK090(Gd-C32H74N5O24) and SUK091(Gd-C34H78N5O24) showed higher T1, T2 magnetic relaxation rates than that of commercially available paramagnetic MR agent and thus expected to have more contrast enhancement effect.

The $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{H}(\text{b}\bar{\text{b}})$ process is an essential channel to reveal the Higgs properties but has an irreducible background from the $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ process, which produces a top quark pair in association with a b quark pair. Therefore, understanding the $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ process is crucial for improving the sensitivity of a search for the $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{H}(\text{b}\bar{\text{b}})$ process. To this end, when measuring the differential cross-section of the $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ process, we need to distinguish the b-jets originated from top quark decays, and additional b-jets originated from gluon splitting. Since there are no simple identification rules, we adopt deep learning methods to learn from data to identify the additional b-jets from the $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ events. Specifically, by exploiting the special structure of the $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ event data, we propose several loss functions that can be minimized to directly increase the matching efficiency, the accuracy of identifying additional b-jets. We discuss the difference between our method and another deep learning-based approach based on binary classification arXiv:1910.14535 using synthetic data. We then verify that additional b-jets can be identified more accurately by increasing matching efficiency directly rather than the binary classification accuracy, using simulated $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ event data in the lepton+jets channel from pp collision at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV.