Tanmay Sarkar

Crystalline Ni₅P₄ evolves hydrogen with electrical-efficiency comparable to platinum—while being corrosion-resistant in both acid and base for >16 hours.

Questions have been raised apropos food spoilage, which may pose a great hazard to the global environment and human health. Amongst bio-safe material that retains photocatalysis and impacts, photo-oxidizing on biological and species chemical are ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). In this respect, this current paper covers a wide range of topics, starting from the ZnO-NPs synthesis and antibacterial potential to their functional application in meat packaging. A deep comparison of the physicochemical properties of ZnO-NPs synthesized through different routers was reported. In addition, a special focus has been given to antibacterial mechanisms that underlie synthesis parameters. This review also examined the ZnO-NPs impact on the chemico–physico–mechanical properties of the functional coatings/films features. Likewise, the employment of ZnO-NPs in meat packaging was also evaluated. As safer nanoparticles, ZnO-NPs enhance stored meat product quality by microflora growth limitation and retards lipid/protein oxidation. Remarkably, active packaging comprising ZnO-NPs, synthesized or not by plants, showed an eco-friendly solution and future alternative in the meat industry. Information about these topics could help students and scientific researchers who are engaged in chemical engineering, chemistry and meat technology communities to approach the complex thematic of ZnO-NPs.

Freeze drying (FD) is an important and highly effective technology in food industry for retaining the quality in final dried product. This drying technique is performed at lower temperatures, restricting the damage suffered by thermally sensitive ingredients. However, FD consumes large amount of energy and required more time than conventional drying methods. The utilization of ultrasonic technology (US) as pre-treatment before FD represents a promising alternative in accelerating the drying process, decreases energy consumption and maintaining quality as compared to the non pre-treated sample. This review summarizes research progress and current studies in ultrasonic as pre-treatment for freeze drying (US + FD) technique. The impact of US + FD on phytochemical, color, texture and micro-structure of food are well summarized. The review also suggests that the optimised US treatment parameters are required to improve heat and mass transfer in food samples which help in speed up the drying process and reduction of drying time.

Since ancient times, steganography, the art of concealing information, has largely relied on secret inks as a tool for hiding messages. However, as the methods for detecting these inks improved, the use of simple and accessible chemicals as a means to secure communication was practically abolished. Here, we describe a method that enables one to conceal multiple different messages within the emission spectra of a unimolecular fluorescent sensor. Similar to secret inks, this molecular-scale messaging sensor (m-SMS) can be hidden on regular paper and the messages can be encoded or decoded within seconds using common chemicals, including commercial ingredients that can be obtained in grocery stores or pharmacies. Unlike with invisible inks, however, uncovering these messages by an unauthorized user is almost impossible because they are protected by three different defence mechanisms: steganography, cryptography and by entering a password, which are used to hide, encrypt or prevent access to the information, respectively.

Sodium-ion battery (NIB) cathode performance based on ammonium vanadate is demonstrated here as having high capacity, long cycle life and good rate capability. The simple preparation process and morphology study enable us to explore this electrode as suitable NIB cathode. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculation is envisioned for the NH4V4O10 cathode, and three possible sodium arrangements in the structure are depicted for the first time. Relevant NIB-related properties such as average voltage, lattice constants, and atomic coordinates have been derived, and the estimated values are in good agreement with the current experimental values. A screening study shows ammonium vanadate electrodes prepared on carbon coat onto Al-current collector exhibits a better electrochemical performance toward sodium, with a sustained reversible capacity and outstanding rate capability. With the current cathode with nanobelt morphology, a reversible capacity of 190 mAh g(-1) is attained at a charging rate of 200 mA g(-1), and a stable capacity of above 120 mAh g(-1) is retained for an extended 50 cycles tested at 1000 mA g(-1) without the addition of any expensive electrolyte additive.

The call to cater for the hungry is a worldwide problem in the 21st century. Food security is the utmost prime factor for the increasing demand for food. Awareness of human health when using chemical preservatives in food has increased, resulting in the use of alternative strategies for preserving food and enhancing its shelf-life. New preservatives along with novel preservation methods have been instigated, due to the intensified demand for extended shelf-life, along with prevention of food spoilage of dairy products. Bacteriocins are the group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides; they possess a wide range of biological activities, having predominant antibacterial activity. The bacteriocins produced by the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered to be of utmost importance, due to their association with the fermentation of food. In recent times among various groups of bacteriocins, leaderless and circular bacteriocins are gaining importance, due to their extensive application in industries. These groups of bacteriocins have been least studied as they possess peculiar structural and biosynthetic mechanisms. They chemically possess N-to-C terminal covalent bonds having a predominant peptide background. The stability of the bacteriocins is exhibited by the circular structure. Up till now, very few studies have been performed on the molecular mechanisms. The structural genes associated with the bacteriocins can be combined with the activity of various proteins which are association with secretion and maturation. Thus the stability of the bacteriocins can be used effectively in the preservation of food for a longer period of time. Bacteriocins are thermostable, pH-tolerant, and proteolytically active in nature, which make their usage convenient to the food industry. Several research studies are underway in the domain of biopreservation which can be implemented in food safety and food security.

Dark chocolate gets popularity for several decades due to its enormous health benefits. It contains several health-promoting factors (bioactive components - polyphenols, flavonoids, procyanidins,theobromines, etc, and vitamins and minerals) that positively modulate the immune system of human beings. It confers safeguards against cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancers, and other brain-related disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. Dark chocolate is considered a functional food due to its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties. It also has a well-established role in weight management and the alteration of a lipid profile to a healthy direction. But during the processing of dark chocolate, several nutrients are lost (polyphenol, flavonoids, flavan 3 ol, ascorbic acid, and thiamine). So, fortification would be an effective method of enhancing the overall nutrient content and also making the dark chocolate self-sufficient. Thus, the focus of this review study is to gather all the experimental studies done on dark chocolate fortification. Several ingredients were used for the fortification, such as fruits (mulberry, chokeberries, and elderberries), spices (cinnamon), phytosterols, peanut oil, probiotics (mainly Lactobacillus, bacillus spices), prebiotics (inulin, xanthan gum, and maltodextrin), flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, etc. Those fortifications were done to raise the total antioxidant content as well as essential fatty acid content simultaneously reducing total calorie content. Sometimes, the fortification was done to improve physical properties like viscosity, rheological propertiesand also improve overall consumer acceptance by modifying its bitter taste.

In microbial electrochemical systems, microorganisms catalyze chemical reactions converting chemical energy present in organic and inorganic molecules into electrical energy. The concept of microbial electrochemistry has been gaining tremendous attention for the past two decades, mainly due to its numerous applications. This technology offers a wide range of applications in areas such as the environment, industries, and sensors. The biocatalysts governing the reactions could be cell secretion, cell component, or a whole cell. The electroactive bacteria can interact with insoluble materials such as electrodes for exchanging electrons through colonization and biofilm formation. Though biofilm formation is one of the major modes for extracellular electron transfer with the electrode, there are other few mechanisms through which the process can occur. Apart from biofilm formation electron exchange can take place through flavins, cytochromes, cell surface appendages, and other metabolites. The present article targets the various mechanisms of electron exchange for microbiome-induced electron transfer activity, proteins, and secretory molecules involved in the electron transfer. This review also focuses on various proteomics and genetics strategies implemented and developed to enhance the exo-electron transfer process in electroactive bacteria. Recent progress and reports on synthetic biology and genetic engineering in exploring the direct and indirect electron transfer phenomenon have also been emphasized.

A new rhodamine-based bis-sulfonamide 1 has been designed and synthesized. The receptor selectively recognizes Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions in CH3CN–water (4/1, v/v; 10 μM tris HCl buffer, pH 6.8) by showing different emission characteristics and color changes. While Cu2+ is sensed through increase in emission, Hg2+ is detected by a weak ratiometric change in emission of 1. The receptor shows in vitro detection of both the ions in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells.

Abstract Solid‐state electrochemistry is drawing considerable interest as the interconversion of O 2 and water playing an important role in energy conversion and storage technologies. With the aim of developing an efficient bifunctional catalyst by tuning the electronic properties and local structure around the 3d metal in CoWO 4 , solid solutions of Co 1− x Mn x WO 4 are investigated. Nanocrystalline Co 1− x Mn x WO 4 ( x= 0 to 1) phases with a unique exposure of low surface energy planes are synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Replacing an optimum amount of Co with Mn to enhance the catalytic activity leads a observation of a negative shift in the Co 2+/3+ redox wave and onset of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), indicating a strong electronic interaction between the two elements. The composition corresponding to Co 0.5 Mn 0.5 WO 4 has demonstrated great ability to catalyze both the OER and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a combined overpotential of 0.89 V. It exhibited an OER current density of 10 mA cm −2 at an overpotential of 400 mV. Whereas ORR current density of 3 mA cm −2 is reached at a potential of 0.74 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The density functional theory revealed that the substitution of Mn in CoWO 4 elevate the 3d metal d band center closer to the Fermi energy and hence ease the electron transfer to facilitate ORR and OER.

A new rhodamine appended tripodal receptor 1 has been designed and synthesized. The receptor selectively recognizes Hg(2+) ions in CH(3)CN-water (4:1, v/v; 10 μM tris HCl buffer, pH 7.0) by displaying a ratiometric change in emission. Additionally, the visual detection is possible by a sharp change in color. The receptor shows in vitro detection of Hg(2+) ions in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells.

Palm sap sugar is a sweetener which is made from the sap or nectar collected from different varieties/species of palm trees. It has huge scope as an alternative sweetener in Indian market. It is a natural alternative to unhealthy cane sugar and is more beneficial for farmers as well. Some of its characteristic features are low GI value and its macro (Glucose: 0.49–86.90 g/100 ml, Fructose: 0.26–1.61, Sucrose: 5.30–27.00 g/100 ml) and micro (K: 65.28–1326.0, Na: 2.85–117.5, Mg: 0.54–31.00, Ca: 0.24–79.00 mg/100 ml) nutritional content. Palm sugar also has impact on colour, aroma and taste profile of the final product. The taste, sensory profile and nutritional attributes of palm sugar vary on the basis of its species, region of growth and climatic conditions. At present, traditional processing of palm sap leads to lower yield and higher expenses. There is huge potential in the field of development in processing techniques (Traditional processing, spray drying, membrane technology, and vacuum drying) to optimize the production of palm sugar. Palm sugar and other products from different parts of palm can be used to make a variety of other value-added products like toffees, chocolates, cola, toddy wine, candy, and palm vinegar etc. The purpose of this review paper is to summarise the composition of palm sap, distinctive qualities of the extracted sap, various production procedures, nutritional and physico-chemical properties of palm sugar, and the development of functional foods using palm sugar.

A double layer δ-NH₄V₄O₁₀, due to its high energy storage capacity and excellent rate capability, is a very promising cathode material for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries for large-scale renewable energy storage in transportation and smart grids.

Automatic freshness classification of fruits and veg-etables is an active area of research in the modern era. In order to maintain and preserve the grade quality of the fruits, the need to speed up processing is in a great urge. The fruit Hog Plum is noted to have high demand in Indian subcontinents. In this work we have utilized deep learning based techniques for performing freshness classification on hog Plum fruit. In this work, four convolutional neural network based models viz. ResNet18, MobileNetV2, MobileNetV3-Small, MobileNetV3-Large is pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset which were fine-tuned to perform binary classification on Hog Plum dataset cre-ated by us. The dataset was augmented for training purpose and hyperparameter tuning was performed using grid search and k-fold cross validation. The results of the model are then evaluated and compared in terms of several metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, Fl-Score, ROC-AUC Score and balanced accuracy score. Our results demonstrate that deep learning based techniques are effective for performing freshness classification of Hog Plum fruit. The models trained by us are lightweight in nature, hence are suitable to run on low-end and mobile devices increasing the applicability and adaptability of our proposed method.

The development of biofilm on the biotic and abiotic surfaces is the greatest challenge for health care sectors. At present times, oral infection is a common concern among people with an unhealthy lifestyle and most of these biofilms-associated infections are resistant to antibiotics. This has increased a search for the development of alternate therapeutics for eradicating biofilm-associated infection. Nanobiotechnology being an effective way to combat such oral infections may encourage the use of herbal compounds, such as bio-reducing and capping agents. Green-synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NP) by the use of the floral extract of Clitoria ternatea , a traditionally used medicinal plant, showed stability for a longer period of time. The NPs as depicted by the TEM image with a size of 10 nm showed excitation spectra at 360 nm and were found to remain stable for a considerable period of time. It was observed that the NPs were effective in the eradication of the oral biofilm formed by the major tooth attacking bacterial strains namely Porphyromonsas gingivalis and Alcaligenes faecalis , by bringing a considerable reduction in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). It was observed that the viability of the Porphyromonsas gingivalis and Alcaligenes faecalis was reduced by NP treatment to 87.89 ± 0.25% in comparison to that of amoxicillin. The results went in agreement with the findings of modeling performed by the use of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The microscopic studies and FT-IR analysis revealed that there was a considerable reduction in the biofilm after NP treatment. The in silico studies further confirmed that the ZnO NPs showed considerable interactions with the biofilm-forming proteins. Hence, this study showed that ZnO NPs derived from Clitoria ternatea can be used as an effective alternative therapeutic for the treatment of biofilm associated oral infection.

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesised using Tabernaemontana divaricata flower extract (TFE) in different weight percentages by facile, eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis method. Formation and structure of the ZnO NPs were studied by powder XRD, FT−IR, Raman and TEM studies. The crystals formed are of hexagonal wurtzite structure with biological functional groups attached. Average crystallite size of the ZnO NPs (17.5−23.3 nm) was obtained from the analysis of powder XRD data which increased with increase of TFE amount while the estimated values of dislocation density and micro-strain exhibited an opposite behaviour. The optical (direct and indirect) energy band gap values estimated using UV–vis DRS spectral data decreased with increasing amount of TFE. The photoluminescence spectra for the ZnO NPs exhibited multiple peaks spread over the visible region with one peak in the NIR region indicating the existence of various defect levels of Zn and O. Position of these defect levels within the band gap was assigned which is significantly modulated by TFE. TFE amount-dependent peak shift and/or peak broadening were observed in the Raman spectra of the ZnO NPs which were correlated with the growing disorder in the crystals induced by the extract molecules. FESEM study showed the agglomerated NPs with quasi-spherical morphology. Particle size of the ZnO NPs was estimated from FESEM images. EDX study indicated that increased presence of TFE in ZnO decreased the oxygen content in the synthesised material. HRTEM study revealed the agglomeration of nanoparticles with single crystalline nature. Present study convincingly established that flower extract used for the green synthesis efficiently modified the structure and optical property, defect levels and morphology of the potentially useful ZnO nanoparticles.

This review describes the overall development on synthetic receptors built on the pyridinium motif with different functionalities at the 3-position in anion recognition.

Determining the quality of fruit can be very challenging without the proper understanding. There are many factors that can result in determining the quality and therefore the actual taste of any given fruit. In this paper we attempt to determine the quality of the guava fruit on what are considered the three most important aspects of flavour by experts, those being, Colour, Shape and texture. All three of these aspects will be determined on a scale of 1–5. In order to produce these results, we are using an exceptional deep learning architecture and a primary dataset curated by a panel of experts who photographed the fruits in six-hour intervals for many days. We have compared the results over multiple deep learning architectures to find the most accurate results. This paper shows the importance of deep learning as a potential future tool for assessing the quality of fruits.

A new rhodamine-based chemosensor 1 has been designed and synthesized. The receptor selectively recognizes Co2+ and Hg2+ ions in CH3CN/water (4:1, v/v; 10 μM tris HCl buffer, pH 6.8) by showing different extents of change in emission. The disappearance of colour of mercury-ensemble of 1 followed by appearance of distinct bluish colour under UV illumination upon addition of l-cysteine distinguishes Hg2+ from Co2+ ions. The receptor shows in vitro detection of both the ions in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells.

Naphthyridine-based rhodamine chemosensors <bold>1</bold> and <bold>2</bold> are designed and synthesized for selective sensing of Al³⁺ ion.

A new rhodamine-labelled pyridyl thiourea-based compound 1 has been designed and synthesised. While the receptor selectively recognises F– and Al3+ ions in CH3CN, Al3+ and Ag+ ions are selectively screened from other cations in CH3CN/water (4/1, v/v; 10 μM Tris–HCl buffer, pH 6.8) by observing different emission characteristics and colour changes. While Ag+ is sensed through an increase in emission at 416 nm, Al3+ is detected by a ratiometric change in emission of 1 with a band at 585 nm. The receptor shows in vitro detection of both the ions in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells.

This paper presents the Electric Power System design and development of an electric solar vehicle. The power system extracts energy from solar panels through solar charge controllers with embedded MPPT while controlling the charge of battery. The BLDC motor is connected to the battery bus via power board containing the 6 N-channel MOSFETs whose operations are controlled by the central control unit which takes signal from manual input from driver. The project design proposed shows the general design architecture followed by specific approach which includes the work of Eco-kart team of MANIT and SEV team of different universities [16]. This project design can be implemented to obtain the maximum performance output, which means efficient transmission of the available energy, the central control unit and power generation system are designed accordingly focusing on the fault tolerance mechanism.

We present measurements of the reduction of light output by plastic scintillators irradiated in the CMS detector during the 8 TeV run of the Large Hadron Collider and show that they indicate a strong dose rate effect. The damage for a given dose is larger for lower dose rate exposures. The results agree with previous measurements of dose rate effects, but are stronger due to the very low dose rates probed. We show that the scaling with dose rate is consistent with that expected from diffusion effects.

Olivine silicates LiMSiO4 (where M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are promising candidates for the next generation of cathode materials for use in lithium ion batteries (LIB). Among these compounds, LiFeSiO4 is an attractive choice due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, high safety, and stability. In this work, we use first-principles density functional theory-based calculations to determine the structural and electrochemical properties of olivine-type LiFeSiO4 and LiFe0.5M0.5SiO4 (where M = Mg or Al). Because of the influence of stronger Si–O bonds in weakening Fe–O bonds via an inductive effect, we find that these compounds have a high lithium intercalation voltage (i.e., ∼ 5 V) and undergo negligible changes in volume during lithiation and delithiation. Using the Bader scheme for topological partitioning of charge density and projected density of states (PDOS) in the electronic strucutre, we highlight the significant role of O-2p states and the relatively inert role of Fe-3d states in the charge transfer associated with delithiation. We show that 50% substitution of Fe with Al or Mg results in enhancement in the theoretical capacity of LiFeSiO4 from 173 mAhg–1 to 191 mAhg–1 (∼10%) and 193 mAhg–1 (∼12%), respectively, while maintaining its intercalation voltage and structural stability during lithiation and delithiation.

Determination of the quality of food products is an essential key factor needed for safe-guarding the quality of food for the interest of the consumers, along with the nutritional and sensory improvements that are necessary for delivering better quality products. Bacteriocins are a group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides that help in maintaining the quality of food. The implementation of multi-omics approach has been important for the overall enhancement of the quality of the food. This review uses various recent technologies like proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics for the overall enhancement of the quality of food products. The matrix associated with the food products requires the use of sophisticated technologies that help in the extraction of a large amount of information necessary for the amelioration of the food products. This review would provide a wholesome view of how various recent technologies can be used for improving the quality food products and for enhancing their shelf-life.

Medicinal plants are long known for their therapeutic applications. Tinospora cordifolia (commonly called gulancha or heart-leaved moonseed plant), a herbaceous creeper widely has been found to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer properties. However, there remains a dearth of reports regarding its antibiofilm activities. In the present study, the anti-biofilm activities of phytoextractof T. cordifolia and the silver nanoparticles made from this phytoextract were tested against the biofilm of S.taphylococcus aureus, one of the major nosocomial infection-producing bacteria taking tetracycline antibiotic as control. Both phytoextract from the leaves of T. cordifolia, and the biogenic AgNPs from the leaf extract of T. cordifolia, were found successful in reducing the biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus. The biogenic AgNPs formed were characterized by UV- Vis spectroscopy, Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE- SEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. FE- SEM images showed that the AgNPs were of size ranging between 30 and 50 nm and were stable in nature, as depicted by the zeta potential analyzer. MIC values for phytoextract and AgNPs were found to be 180 mg/mL and 150 μg/mL against S. aureusrespectively. The antibiofilm properties of the AgNPs and phytoextract were analyzed using the CV assay and MTT assay for determining the reduction of biofilms. Reduction in viability count and revival of the S. aureus ATCC 23235 biofilm cells were analyzed followed by the enfeeblement of the EPS matrix to quantify the reduction in the contents of carbohydrates, proteins and eDNA. The SEM analyses clearly indicated that although the phytoextracts could destroy the biofilm network of S. aureuscells yet the biogenicallysynthesizedAgNPs were more effective in biofilm disruption. Fourier Transformed Infrared Radiations (FT- IR) analyses revealed that the AgNPs could bring about more exopolysaccharide (EPS) destruction in comparison to the phytoextract. The antibiofilm activities of AgNPs made from the phytoextract were found to be much more effective than the non-conjugated phytoextract, indicating the future prospect of using such particles for combatting biofilm-mediated infections caused by S aureus.

Peel, pomace and seeds represent secondary products derived from production and manufacturing processes of Citrus spp. However, thanks to the novel policies of circular economy, sustainability and valorisation of agro-wastes Citrus by-products have become a precious source of energy and natural beneficial compounds, used for manifold applications, from biofuels to dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, to food additives and bio-preservatives. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the bioactivities, functionalize, stabilize and use these products or part of them (e.g., extracts, oils, powders, purified compounds). In this context this review discusses properties, technological processing and extraction, functions and health implications of Citrus by-products as cancer chemoprevention agents, and lays a special emphasis on the stabilization, encapsulation and delivering of Citrus by-products phytochemicals and formulations. As the extraction and isolation are key aspects of phytochemicals availability the first objective of this study was to critically examine innovative and non-conventional techniques. Subsequently, to have a comprehensive understanding of bioactivity underlying the complex anticancer actions through various mechanisms, the methods/assays for antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity evaluation were introduced, and the models and biomolecules were presented, using the methodologies of extensive literature review and meta-analysis. Some upcoming perspectives and the current and future framework were also discussed.

Abstract A new and an easy-to-make simple tripodal shaped chemosensor 1 has been designed and synthesised for metal ions. In CH3CN containing 0.04% DMSO, upon excitation at 370 nm, chemosensor 1 exhibited structured emission centred at 418 nm, which increased to a significant extent upon complexation of Cu (II). The other metal ions except Zn2+ and Hg2+ examined in this study did not exhibit any marked change in emission of 1 under a similar condition. Although Cu2+ ion showed strong interaction with 1, Zn2+ and Hg2+ ions exhibited moderate binding. Keywords: anthracene-based sensorbenzimidazole-based chemosensorCu (II), Zn (II) and Hg (II) metal ion recognitionfluorescence enhancement Acknowledgements We thank DST, Government of India, for providing facilities in the department under FIST programme. TS thanks CSIR, New Delhi, India, for a fellowship. Notes (1) Fluorescence enhancement factor (Z) was calculated based on the equation Z=(F/F 0) [(V 0+V)/V 0] where F=observed fluorescence, F 0=fluorescence of sample before guest addition, V 0=volume before addition of guest, V=volume after addition of guest. (2) AM1 calculation was performed using minimal valence basis as STO 3G in Argus Lab 4.0.1, copyright (c) 1972-2004 Mark Thompson and Planaria Software LLC, http://www.arguslab.com

Energy barrier profile for single Li diffusion in Li₂MnO₃ and Li_1.17Ni_0.17Mn_0.67O₂.

Research on medicinal plants is developing each day due to inborn phytochemicals, which can encourage the progress of novel drugs. Most plant-based phytochemicals have valuable effects on well-being. Among them, beetroot leaves (BL) are known for their therapeutic properties. Here, three solvents, namely, acetonitrile, ethanol, and water, and their combinations were developed for BL extraction and simultaneous assessment of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant and antifoodborne pathogen bacteria activities. By using the augmented simplex-centroid mixture design, 40.40% acetonitrile diluted in water at 38.74% and ethanol at 20.86% favored the recovery of 49.28 mg GAE/mL (total phenolic content (TPC)) and 0.314 mg QE/mL (total flavonoid content (TFC)), respectively. Acetonitrile diluted in water at 50% guarantees the best antioxidant activity, whereas the optimal predicted mixture for the highest antibacterial activity matches 24.58, 50.17, and 25.25% of acetonitrile, ethanol, and water, respectively. These extraction conditions ensured inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli, respectively, at 0.402, 0.497, and 0.207 mg/mL. Under optimized conditions, at three concentrations of BL, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), 2 × MIC, and 4 × MIC, a linear model was employed to investigate the inhibition behavior against the three tested bacteria. The early logarithmic growth phase of these bacteria illustrated the bactericidal effect of optimized extracted BL with a logarithmic growth phase inferior to 6 h. Therefore, BL extract at 4 × MIC, which corresponds to 1.608, 1.988, and 0.828 mg/mL, was more efficient against S. aureus, S. enterica, and E. coli.

Two triazole motif linked rhodamine derivatives are reported for the determination of Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions in semi-aqueous and aqueous environments.

The abrupt emergence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacterial strains has been recognized as one of the biggest public health threats affecting the human race and food processing industries. One of the causes for the emergence of AMR is the ability of the microorganisms to form biofilm as a defense strategy that restricts the penetration of antimicrobial agents into bacterial cells. About 80% of human diseases are caused by biofilm-associated sessile microbes. Bacterial biofilm formation involves a cascade of genes that are regulated via the mechanism of quorum sensing (QS) and signaling pathways that control the production of the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS), responsible for the three-dimensional architecture of the biofilm. Another defense strategy utilized commonly by various bacteria includes clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) system that prevents the bacterial cell from viral invasion. Since multigenic signaling pathways and controlling systems are involved in each and every step of biofilm formation, the CRISPRi system can be adopted as an effective strategy to target the genomic system involved in biofilm formation. Overall, this technology enables site-specific integration of genes into the host enabling the development of paratransgenic control strategies to interfere with pathogenic bacterial strains. CRISPR-RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease, being a promising genome editing tool, can be effectively programmed to re-sensitize the bacteria by targeting AMR-encoding plasmid genes involved in biofilm formation and virulence to revert bacterial resistance to antibiotics. CRISPRi-facilitated silencing of genes encoding regulatory proteins associated with biofilm production is considered by researchers as a dependable approach for editing gene networks in various biofilm-forming bacteria either by inactivating biofilm-forming genes or by integrating genes corresponding to antibiotic resistance or fluorescent markers into the host genome for better analysis of its functions both in vitro and in vivo or by editing genes to stop the secretion of toxins as harmful metabolites in food industries, thereby upgrading the human health status.

Journal of Food Processing and PreservationEarly View e17118 REVIEW ARTICLE Vegetable seeds: A new perspective in future food development Sarita Roy, Sarita Roy Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorTanmay Sarkar, Corresponding Author Tanmay Sarkar tanmays468@gmail.com Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda, India Correspondence Tanmay Sarkar, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda 732102, India. Email: tanmays468@gmail.com Runu Chakraborty, Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India. Email: crunu@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorRunu Chakraborty, Corresponding Author Runu Chakraborty crunu@hotmail.com Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Correspondence Tanmay Sarkar, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda 732102, India. Email: tanmays468@gmail.com Runu Chakraborty, Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India. Email: crunu@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this author Sarita Roy, Sarita Roy Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorTanmay Sarkar, Corresponding Author Tanmay Sarkar tanmays468@gmail.com Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda, India Correspondence Tanmay Sarkar, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda 732102, India. Email: tanmays468@gmail.com Runu Chakraborty, Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India. Email: crunu@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorRunu Chakraborty, Corresponding Author Runu Chakraborty crunu@hotmail.com Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Correspondence Tanmay Sarkar, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda 732102, India. Email: tanmays468@gmail.com Runu Chakraborty, Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India. Email: crunu@hotmail.comSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 September 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.17118Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Traditionally, vegetables are consumed as ingredients of daily household meals. Before cooking, vegetables are washed thoroughly, unpeeled, and deseeded, followed by chopping into desired shapes and sizes. Vegetable peels and seeds are also byproducts of various food industries. If they are not used, they will contribute significantly to global garbage. On the contrary, developing novel functional foods and food ingredients out of unorthodox sources has become a trending issue among researchers. The focus of this review was to access the utility of seed flour from 16 commonly eaten seed-bearing vegetables such as ash gourd (Benincasa hispida), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima), capsicum (Capsicum annuum), drumstick (Moringa oleifera), Gnetum (Gnetum gnemon), hemp (Cannabis sativa), lady's finger (Abelmoschus esculentus), noni (Morinda citrifolia), pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), ridge gourd (Luffa acutangular), snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina), spine gourd (Momordica dioica), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) have been presented. A complete picture of the nutritional qualities, phytochemical constituents, health benefits of these vegetable seeds, and their impact on the fortification of ready-to-eat foods have been illustrated. The development of functional food goods (bakery products, milk products, cereal-based products, and meat products) from food waste (vegetable seeds) is extensively discussed in this study. It also highlights possible research gaps related to this field. Novelty impact statement Waste management is a key challenge to achieve the goal of sustainable development, particularly for the vegetable processing industries. Vegetable seeds contribute a hefty share in food waste generation and can be valorized as a food fortification and/or preservation agent. CONFLICT OF INTEREST All authors have no conflict of interest. Open Research DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT All the data used in the manuscript are available in the tables and figures. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issuee17118 RelatedInformation

Energy storage will play an important role in the Government of India's efforts to meet the ambitious targets with regards to electric mobility and renewable energy.Among the different types of storage technologies, lithium-ion battery (LIB) is considered to be the best suited for electric vehicles (EVs).LIBs can also address intermittency problems in renewable energy integration with the grid.It is estimated that 13.8 GWh of battery capacity is required by 2020 for the EV sector and 15 GWh battery capacity is needed for grid storage requirements.Indigenization of LIB manufacturing can help to meet this large-scale demand.Moreover, indigenization has the potential to bring down the cost of a battery.One of the key components in manufacturing LIBs is lithium (as raw material), which needs to be imported as India does not have sufficient reserves.Therefore it is important to estimate the total amount of lithium required for fulfilling the domestic demand.To set-up indigenous manufacturing facilities, it is important to identify the key players in the global supply chain of the LIB industry and formulate policies that enable the success of this industry in India.This study presents a review of a complete supply chain related to manufacturing LIBs, along with policy instruments to support the domestic battery demand and supply ecosystem.

Abstract 1,4‐ and 1,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole scaffolds as surrogate of amide with large dipole moment have been utilized to access two isomeric naphthylthiourea‐based chemosensors 1 and 2 in appreciable overall yields. The easily synthesizable chemosensors 1 and 2 are designed to recognize anions and also to realize a comparative view on their sensing potentials. Different inorganic phosphates and a group of phosphorylated nucleosides such as ATP, ADP and AMP are selectively recognized by these chemosensors in semi aqueous system. The fluorometric study revealed that both the sensors sensed ATP selectively in CH 3 CN/H 2 O (4/1,v/v) by showing considerable increase in emission. 1,4‐Disubstituted triazole‐based sensor 1 has been established to be more effective than the 1,5‐disubstituted triazole‐based sensor 2 in selective sensing of ATP.

Abstract Herein we disclose a series of purely organic molecules ( 1 – 4 ) with a donor‐acceptor architecture (phenothiazine donor (D) and the acyl acceptor (A)) exhibiting room temperature dual phosphorescence (RTDP) characteristics. Detailed computational and photophysical studies revealed that the dual RTP bands with different wavelengths and lifetimes in these compounds originate from excited triplet states of different energies. In particular, the electronic nature of the substituent on the acceptor acyl unit has a significant effect on the energy of the ICT state, hybridization of excited states, as well as the rate of intersystem crossing. Compound 1 with an electron‐deficient CF 3 −CO acceptor moiety exhibit RTDP in the longer wavelength region. In contrast, compounds 2 , 3 and 4 with weaker acceptors ( 2 ; CH 3 −CO, 3 ; CH 3 −CH 2 −CO and 4 ; (CH 3 ) 2 −CH−CO) exhibit RTDP in a shorter wavelength region.

l-Valine derived benzimidazole based bis-urea 1 has been designed and synthesized. The bis-urea 1 is found to act as enantioselective chemosensor for tartrate. The sensor shows greater fluorescence response for L-tartrate in DMSO. The enantiomeric fluorescence difference ratio (ef) has been determined to be 2.46. In comparison, less steric receptor 2 exhibits a marginal preference for d-tartrate over the l-tartrate in DMSO and validates the steric role of the substituents around the benzimidazole motif in 1 toward enantioselective recognition of tartrate.

Automation of freshness classification is an application of Deep learning and Computer Vision. Normal methods are manual labor which are time-consuming and inefficient. In recent years many new technologies come into place like deep learning and computer vision, since the shape is the main freshness classification, these new technologies are proved to be very useful, since the process has been improved in the terms of both accuracy and time. This paper consists of various image processing techniques used for Radish freshness classification. Comparison among different models has been made on the bases of training and testing accuracy.

Precise assessment of fish freshness has a huge importance for consumers. Manual analysis takes time and sometimes lead to false assessment that could lead to various diseases. With emerging computer vision and deep learning methods, automatic system for fish freshness grading is possible. In this study, we inspected four different pre-trained CNN models for freshness classification of mourala fish into three classes. We evaluated the models on different evaluation metrics accuracy, f1-score, precision and recall. The results showed that the CNN-based models can provide acceptable results and can be used for determining freshness of mourala fish.

This study demonstrates a previously unexplored facet of sp3-carbon electrophiles (or alkylating agents): their potential for catalytic applications through carbon-bond interactions. In contrast to their classical SN1 and SN2 reactions, we present an al-ternate perspective, the catalytic nature of alkyl electrophiles through noncovalent interactions (NCIs). The involvement of NCIs by carbon electrophiles (possessing polar Csp3-X bonds) in stabilizing conformations of small molecules and biomole-cules has recently been discovered. Nevertheless, their catalytic role in activating small molecules has not been observed. As the "X" group evolves into an effective leaving group, carbon electrophiles develop strong positive potentials on the carbon surface (σ-hole). However, small atomic size and steric congestion resulting from the presence of four groups around the carbon atom pose challenges in establishing strong σ-hole interactions with nucleophilic acceptors. This unique behavior of alkyl electrophiles has deterred chemists from exploring their potential as catalysts in chemical transformations. In groundbreaking revelation, we demonstrate for the first time that alkyl electrophiles function as Lewis acid catalysts in activating carbonyls for acetal formation and related reactions through NCIs. We meticulously chose a range of alkyl electrophiles and discovered a striking correlation between their molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface energies and their catalytic efficacy in acetal-forming reactions. Our comprehensive approach, which encompassed both experimental and theoretical investigations, provided robust support for the catalytic potential of alkyl electrophiles through non-covalent carbon bond interactions.

Abstract The Parque das Conchas (BC-10) project is located in deepwater, in block BC-10, off the coast of Brazil. It comprises a number of subsea fields tied back to a centrally located turret moored Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) host in some 1800 meters of water. This paper describes the installation engineering challenges for the 7 Steel Lazy Wave Risers (SLWR) and the dynamic sections of the 3 umbilicals that are part of the Phase 1 scope of the project. To decouple the schedule risk of the installation of the subsea systems from the FPSO arrival schedule, a pre-abandonment, recovery and transfer method of the SLWR and umbilical in lazy wave configuration was chosen. Successful installation of SLWR by this method to the FPSO turret required the design of a suitable pre-abandonment layout taking into consideration the installation sequence and careful assessment of the risks involved particularly in terms of clearance and interference issues with FPSO mooring lines and the already transferred SLWRs/ umbilicals. Pre-abandonment, recovery and transfer by keel haul of this " worlds first?? SLWR system had a number of challenges that had to be overcome. These include determining the pre-abandonment route of SLWR, lay tension to balance curve stability, lazy wave ‘hump’ stability while on seabed, lay stresses on flex joint, etc. The recovery and transfer operations had challenges associated with clearance monitoring with mooring lines and already installed risers as well as maintaining the design touch down points. The pre-abandonment layout was developed using Shell's in-house design tool for high level assessment followed by detailed engineering installation analysis by Subsea7 using Orcaflex. This enabled the development of analytical procedures to assess and mitigate the risks involved in pre-abandonment, recovery and transfer operation of SLWR. Subsea7's construction vessel ‘Seven Oceans’ performed the SLWR and dynamic umbilical installation activities. This paper describes how this complex riser operation was modeled and successfully executed. Introduction The Parque das Conchas (BC-10) project is located off the coast of Brazil in the Campos Basin in water depths from 1190 meters to 1940 meters. Shell is the operator with a 50% working interest in a Joint Venture with Petrobras (45%) and ONGC (15%). During Phase I of the project, the Ostra, Abalone and Argonauta B-West fields were tied-back via SLWR's to the turret-moored FPSO in approximately 1800m water depth as presented in Figure 1. Argonauta O-North is planned to be developed as part of Phase II of the project.

Abstract Rhodamine‐based receptor 1 recognizes Hg 2+ and Cu 2+ ions in aqueous CH 3 CN, but when immobilized onto Merrifield resin to give bead 2 , this sensor system selectively detects Hg 2+ ions over a series of other metal cations in water. The detection can be performed colorimetrically and fluorimetrically. The ensemble of 2 –Hg 2+ can also distinguish dl ‐homocysteine from L ‐cysteine in water by both analytical methods.

We use first-principles density functional theory based calculations and topological analysis of the electronic charge density in lithiated and delithiated forms of olivine phosphates (LiMPO4), an important class of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, to determine the electronic mechanisms that govern their electrochemical potential and related properties. While electron charge transfer from Li to oxygen is known to be responsible for electrochemical properties of Li-transition metal oxides commonly used as cathodes in Li-ion batteries, the electrochemical performance of olivine phosphates involves two additional mechanisms: the spin state of transition metal (M) as stabilized by the Hund's rule and structural distortion. LiNiPO4 exhibits the highest electrochemical potential among M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, owing to the largest charge transfer to oxygen orbitals located at the Fermi energy. The lowest electrochemical potential of LiFePO4 is associated with extra stability of the high-spin d5 state in its delithiated form. While the electrochemical potential for LiMnPO4/LiFePO4/LiNiPO4 or LiFePO4/LiCoPO4/LiNiPO4 generally correlates with the charge transfer from Li to oxygen, that of LiMnPO4 and LiCoPO4 shows anti-correlation. This is because the electrochemical potential of LiMnPO4 is reduced by the energy lowering structural distortion of MnPO4. We confirm the local stability of the delithiated structures of the four phosphates through calculation of phonons, supporting the possibility of their fully charged state.

Coumarin-based new symmetrical bisamide 1 has been designed and synthesised. The bisamide 1 fluorometrically recognises Cu2+ in CH3CN containing 0.06% DMSO by exhibiting an increase in emission upon complexation. In comparison, the isomeric structure 2 also reports the selectivity for Cu2+ under identical condition by showing an opposite mode of emission. In addition, Cu2+ gives rise to a change in colour of the solution of 1, which is clearly visible to the naked eye.

Abstract A new anthracene-based chiral chemosensor 1 has been designed and synthesized. l -Valine has been used as the chiral source in the design. The chemosensor 1 has been established as an efficient enantioselective sensor for l -tartrate. While in the presence of l -tartrate the fluorescent sensor 1 in DMSO exhibits considerable increase in emission, the isomeric tartrate brings relatively small change. The enantiomeric fluorescence difference ratio ( ef ) has been determined to be 29.38.

This paper introduces the concept of using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques for predicting electrochemical potential of cathode materials in combination with first-principles based quantum mechanical calculations. The proposed method can be used to predict the Lithium ion battery voltage if a new material is chosen as cathode. The methodology has low time-space complexity of computation and aims to integrate ANN with quantum mechanics based Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for accelerated insertion of new materials into engineering systems. It can be helpful in establishing new structure property correlations among large, heterogeneous and distributed data sets. ANN based modelling opens up the opportunity of screening large number of lithium based compositions for identifying promising materials within limited time and computational resources and can be further extended to all other battery materials.

A new and an easy-to-make simple benzimidazole-based chemosensor 1, derived from l -valine is reported. The chemosensor effectively recognises Hg2+ ion in the open cleft in CH3CN containing 0.2% DMSO by exhibiting significant enhancement in fluorescence emission. In the selectivity, the steric isopropyl groups in 1 play the key role as confirmed by considering the model compound 2. The ensemble of 1.Hg2+, on the other hand, shows the fluorescence sensing of l -cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione over the other amino acids with no thiol group in aq. DMSO (DMSO:H2O = 4:1, v/v).

It is very specif ic to climate conditions like soil, temperature, rainfall and for this reason cultivation of litchi is restricted to very few countries in the world (Chaikham , 2017; Singh & Babita, 2002).Litchi was introduced in India through Burma in the 18 century (Singh & Babita, 2002) and got spread in many countries.The total annual production of litchi worldwide is between 2.6 to 2.8 million tons (Chen & Huang, 2014).Though India and China produce 91% of litchi worldwide (Prakash , 2017; Singh & Babita, 2002), the market of this fruit is limited to local areas near its production (Singh & Babita, 2002).Litchi pulp contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins (mainly Vitamin C, Vitamin B-complex) and phytonutrient flavonoids and minerals like manganese, magnesium, copper, iron, folate to name a few but amounts vary with the litchi variant (Prakash , 2017; Reyes , 2016; Menzel, 2002).Litchi fruit also contains rich nutraceutical components such as anthocyanins and tannins (Reyes , 2016).Litchi polysaccharides also act as one of the main bioactive ingredients present in the fruit (Huang , 2016; Huang , 2014).Consuming litchi contributes to 2-4% Recommended Daily Intake

A high concentration of lithium, corresponding to charge capacity of ∼4200 mAh/g, can be intercalated in silicon. Unfortunately, due to high intercalation strain leading to fracture and consequent poor cyclability, silicon cannot be used as anode in lithium ion batteries. But recently interconnected hollow nano-spheres of amorphous silicon have been found to exhibit high cyclability. The absence of fracture upon lithiation and the high cyclability has been attributed to reduction in intercalation stress due to hollow spherical geometry of the silicon nano-particles. The present work argues that the hollow spherical geometry alone cannot ensure the absence of fracture. Using classical molecular dynamics and density functional theory based simulations; satisfactory explanation to the absence of fracture has been explored at the atomic scale.

The high capacity of Li-rich layered cathode materials is always accompanied by the removal of oxygen from the crystal structure. These oxygen vacancies alter the structural stability, which subsequently deteriorates the electrochemical performance. The electronic origin of oxygen stability with partial delithiation has not been extensively studied so far in the presence of multiple d-orbital elements. Current work presents the experimental and density functional theory based study of the Li-rich phase, Li1.17Ni0.17Mn0.67O2. This study reveals the lithium removal mechanism and its influence on the oxygen stability. Further, the study suggests how lithium removal from different lithium sites, i.e., 2b, 2c, and 4h Wyckoff positions, influence the partial intercalation potential. On higher degree of delithiation, electrochemical potential increases and oxygen binding energy decreases. Thus, the oxygen stability reduces in the compound. At this stage, the material becomes metallic with zero band gap, which facilitates oxygen loss. This affectively influences the charge transfer process and redox center of the compound, which has been captured in this study.

First principles calculations based on density functional theory were performed to understand the charge transfer mechanism and oxygen binding energy in Li_1.17Ni_0.17Mn_0.5Co_0.17O₂.

The field of agriculture is one of the most profitable fields for a country. The produce of this industry i.e., fruits and vegetables, is tremendous and thus the quality insurance of these products are of utmost importance. Evaluation of fruits can be done manually but due to inconsistent results and huge time consumption, it is necessary to have the automated systems to perform the quality tests. In this study, computer vision has been used to build an architecture that is competent to detect whether the fruit is rotten or fresh. VGG16 CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model is employed to extract the features from the images of Apples, Bananas, Guava and Oranges. With the help of extracted features, the classification is performed through Decision Tree, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Logistic regression models. Support Vector Machine performed the best classification with an accuracy of 99%

A new anthracene labeled pyridinium amide-urea conjugate 1 has been designed and synthesized. The receptor shows a different fluorometric response with L-N-acetylvaline and L-N-acetylalanine salts in CH₃CN in contrast to the other salts of L-N-acetyl α-amino acids and (S)-α-hydroxy acids studied. Upon complexation of the tetrabutylammonium salt of L-N-acetylvaline, the emission of 1 increases accompanied by the formation of a new band at higher wavelength and this characteristic change distinguishes it from other anionic substrates studied. The binding interaction has been studied by ¹H NMR, fluorescence and UV titration experiments.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) also known as atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterised by pruritus & chronicity due to antigen-antibody reaction manifesting on skin conditions associated with intra & intercellular Creaked & oedema. The prevalence of AD is 20% (5%–30% in the paediatric and 1%–10% in the adult population) worldwide; 3%–6% in Asian‑Pacific countries, Eastern Mediterranean region, and India. A Hindu 45 years female chief complains were hot, dry skin in all over the body, dry eruption with a small brown-black scab in both palms, lower abdomen & soles. Ulcer formation corrodes & becomes deeper like punched-out edges with a tendency to penetrate and tenacious exudation without spreading in circumference & she suffered for 3-4 years. We evaluated this case on SCORAD Index & Assessment by Modified Naranjo Criteria Score. This case report highlighted the mental symptoms followed by physical & particular symptoms. The study was clearly shown the good scope of homoeopathic remedies work for treatment of Atopic Eczema (Dermatitis) along with mental complaints like, depression, anxiety, ill humour, low spirit, sleeplessness etc. There have some limitations to Atopic Eczema (Dermatitis) like, Sever bronchial asthma, hay fever, Alzheimer’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis etc.

Rasgulla, the popular Indian dairy-based dessert, was fortified by using pineapple to improve its nutritional and different physical parameters like color, texture and sensory attributes.Being a highly nutritious, palatable fruit with excellent flavor and visual color characteristics, pineapple fortification provides an edge over normal dairy rasgulla.Comparative analysis of nutritional, X-ray diffraction, texture and sensory characteristics for normal rasgulla sample and pineapple with different drying process (pulp (PP), convective (PH), microwave (PMW), microwave convective (PMWC), and freeze-dried (PF)) fortified rasgulla samples were done.PH was found with maximum carbohydrate (40.60±2.04)and minimum protein content (5.91±0.95).PMWC was found with the maximum total color difference (ΔE = 48.79±3.33).Pineapple fortification did not alter the crystal characteristics of the rasgulla samples.Normal rasgulla showed the lowest hardness value while PMWC was the hardest one.The results obtained from the analysis were further comparatively segregated with the help of principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and self-organizing map to optimize the analysis frequency towards a more accurate result.It was found that more or less the same trends in results were obtained by all three analysis tools.It can be concluded that machine learning-based self-organizing map can be more sophistically used for classification between different parameters even in case of complex non-linear problems also.Among the entire samples microwave, convective dried pineapple rasgullawas found to be the best in terms of all the observed parameters.

Abstract In our work, we look to classify images that make their way into our smartphone devices through various social-media text-messaging platforms. We aim at classifying images into three broad categories: document-based images, quote-based images, and photographs. People, especially students, share many document-based images that include snapshots of essential emails, handwritten notes, articles, etc. Quote based images, consisting of birthday wishes, motivational messages, festival greetings, etc., are among the highly shared images on social media platforms. A significant share of images constitutes photographs of people, including group photographs, selfies, portraits, etc. We train various convolutional neural network (CNN) based models on our self-made dataset and compare their results to find our task’s optimum model.

Antibiotics are frequently used in the meat and poultry industries for enhancing the shelf life of meat and poultry products. Antibiotics are not only effective against bacterial infection but also maintain the normal growth of animals (i.e., poultry and meat) for several decades. Overuse of antibiotics confers antibiotic resistance, which gives serious health issues to both animals and also human beings. A natural alternative is required to replace those chemical substances. The prime objective of this study is to explore the numerous types of natural antibacterial agents commonly known as lantibiotics or bacteriocins that have an effective role against spoilage-causing bacteria on meat and poultry. To meet the purpose of this study, scientific evidence was gathered through various scientific databases. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Campylobacter jejuni are the pathogenic microorganisms related to meat and poultry. Bacteriocin, leucocin A, and leucocin C sakacin P, nisin are the antibacterial agents that have a well-established role against those bacterial strains. These antibacterial agents are generally produced by beneficial probiotic bacteria. Due to increased consumer demand for antibiotic-free chicken, the popularity of lantibiotics is raised gradually. So, the use of lantibiotics should be enhanced extensively in place of chemical preservatives to protect consumer’s health.

EDITORIAL article Front. Mar. Sci., 23 March 2023Sec. Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture and Living Resources Volume 10 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1177501

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory immune-mediated disease with an unknown in its aetiology.It is a debilitating, disfiguring, and painful condition with significant detrimental effects on patients' quality of life.Around 2% is thought to be the global prevalence; however, this varies from one country to another.Patient presentation: A 55-year-old male patient diagnosed with Plaque Psoriasis, suffering from severe itching with a burning sensation, brownish discolouration of the skin with much scally formation and sometimes blood oozes after scratching on forearms, scalp and both knee regions from the last 9 years. Conclusion:The patient was treated with various kind modes of treatment but there was no satisfactory result came out.Therefore, the patient pursued homoeopathic treatment for a long-term cure.A Homoeopathic constitutional medicine Lycopodium clavatum 30 was prescribed based on the totality of symptoms.The symptoms improved, but after some time, they all came to a halt.According to homoeopathic principles, this led to an increasing the potency of Lycopodium clavatum 200.After a few months of treatment, there was an appreciable result came out and as well as a perceivable improvement in the PASI Index.This case shows a favourable effect of a constitutional homoeopathic medicine on plaque psoriasis.

Fish is a very nutritious dish that is consumed worldwide as a complete meal. This causes a rise in fish production and storage. Freshness of fish that is stored in ice boxes and deep freezers can degrade very quickly. A stale fish can cause great harm to a human ingesting it as it may carry many diseases. This paper aims to present a hybrid model that can recognise Puntius (commonly Puti Fish) as fresh or stale by using an image and certain values graded on scale of 10 like color, texture, etc. This mainly aims to a non-destructive approach to classify fishes as fresh or stale. The model comprises of a CNN for processing images and a Dense network that extracts information from the numerical data. These features are combined and are then further passed onto another dense neural network that performs the final classification task. We were able to achieve 96–98% accuracy with this model.

In recent years, the demand for food materials is reaching sky, thus making the artificial intelligence-based evaluation technique the research hot-spot now because the quality determination of these materials can be really difficult without proper understanding and experience. As a result, we have developed a classification model for artificial neural networks based on computer vision. On a primary dataset, we are utilizing a convolutional-based architecture to focus on shape and texture, which are the most crucial factors to experts. An example of a DNN (Deep Neural Network) is a convolutional neural network, which has been shown to be particularly effective in extracting features from input images. This project demonstrates that deep learning improved the accuracy of classification tasks over traditional image analysis methods. And thus, it can be inferred that it is a potential future tool for grading the food quality. We also intend to do an analysis of different machine learning algorithms available and compare it with our model.

Beef is one of the most widely consumed meat, being an organic substance it is prone to degradation over time. In our paper we have proposed a Convolutional Neural Network model to grade a given sample of Beef and predict its freshness as good or bad. We have proposed a CNN model architecture along with a data (image) pre-processing pipeline that can be used to classify a given Beef sample. We have done comparative analysis between different pre-processing pipelines as well as other CNN based classification models and after training have achieved 99.63% test accuracy.

Abstract We report the results obtained on the studies made for temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, loss and ac conductivity for pristine and green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles as well as investigations of their electric modulus. Frequency-dependent dielectric studies are carried out with the pelletized samples of ZnO at different temperatures. At lower frequencies (&lt; 1 kHz) and at higher temperatures the ZnO nanoparticles have giant dielectric constant values (~ 4x10 4 ), and such a temperature-dependent giant dielectric constant has not been seen earlier, to our knowledge, in any pristine ZnO nanoparticle. In the lower frequency region and below 100 ○ C the nature of temperature dependence of the dielectric constant for pristine ZnO is in contrast with that observed for the green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. This anomalous temperature dependence of dielectric constant may be correlated with combined effect of the in-plane and out of plane thermal-expansion coefficients of ZnO. A temperature-dependent poly-dispersive relaxation mechanism in these materials have been observed. The electrical conduction mechanism is found to be significantly modulated by the use of the extract. Electric modulus study reveals that the electrical conduction and dielectric polarization follow the same mechanism in these ZnO nanoparticles. The dependences of the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, conductivity and polarization mechanisms observed in the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles are envisaged as the signatures of the effective control of the flour extract on the crystal growth and formation of grain boundaries. A plausible growth mechanism of the ZnO nanoparticles in presence of the flower extract containing phytochemicals is also provided.

Objective: Tinea versicolor, also known as Pityriasis versicolor, is a common, non-painful, noncontagious, benign, superficial fungal infection of the skin.Pityriasis versicolor is caused by Malassezia globose also known as Pityrosporum.P.V affected skin seborrheic areas like, trunk, neck, and/or arms.P.V. is not properly cured in conservative treatment, whereas in homoeopathy lots of probabilities to cure are lurking up & prime objective is to cure P.V. with IHM.This case report is helpful for contributing to the scientific literature on PV for exploring more.Method: We collect symptoms before & after treatment of patient.The patient's symptoms have been perceived & Scored by the "Dermatology life quality index".We also followed the "Modified Naranjo Criteria Score (Monarch)" for medicinal aggravation.Results: Tinea versicolor with lesions over chest, trunk & arms with intensive itching and soreness was treated with the individually selected homoeopathic medicine Nat.Mur 0/2 to 0/12 potency.The outcome was measured by changes in clinical presentation along with improvement in general wellbeing.The dermatology life quality index Score (DLQI) improved from 24 to 0 during treatment.Monarch score of +9/13 indicates a positive result between Homoeopathic intervention & Clinical outcome. Conclusion:Homoeopathy is a specialized system of medicine that treats the patient as a whole and not just the disease.This case report shows a positive effect of treatment with individualized homeopathic medicine in managing the case of Pityriasis Versicolor for adults.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a non-inflammatory heterogeneous group of degenerative joint disease. Homoeopathic remedy has encountered rheumatological problems very well. The main aim of this systemic review was to evaluate, specify and pinpoint the findings of all relevant individualised studies, thereby making the available evidence more accessible to decision-makers. Materials &amp; Methods: An intensive search of RCT clinical research manuscripts published between 2000 and 2022 was done under various databases and it ensured that all papers belong to peer-reviewed journals. The data items were extracted by following points like publication years, population, interventions and comparator (Verum vs control), outcomes, methods, overall result and manufacturer of Verum. The five-point Jadad scoring system was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected trials with increasing scores indicating a higher quality. Whereas the null hypothesis in this systematic review was that individualized homoeopathic medicine had no impact. Results: A total of 56 experimental and controlled clinical trials were identified to be screened. After complete screening, the proper number of eligible papers was 12 and finally selected 08 RCT with a double-blind peer-review published paper. The studies maintain total number of patients of 1,891 and after dropping out 1,628 patients eagerly continued. The 08 studies focused on knee joints and lower back pain. Conclusion: In this study, we clearly understood that homoeopathic combination formulas work well on OA. Individualized Homoeopathic remedy was not effective due to insufficient trial reports. It’s also noticeable that homoeopathic combinations may have some adverse drug reactions. So, we need proper evidence for individualized homoeopathic medicine to say it works properly. It’s our duty to uptake trial testing continuously for the betterment of homoeopathy. However, more research is needed to completely evaluate and validate the efficacy or inadequacy of therapy with OA.

An autoimmune multi-systemic condition called psoriasis has an effect on psychological and emotional health, including low self-esteem, stigma, and anxious mental states. The estimated global frequency is about 2%; however, it varies from nation to nation. A 32 years old female patient was diagnosed with psoriasis and she has suffering from voluptuous itching with a burning sensation mainly at night, brownish-red discoloration of skin and also scaly formation. After scratching sometimes oozing blood from the scalp, waist region and legs for the last 7 years. The patient was treated with different kind methods of treatment yet there was no agreeable outcome emerged. Therefore, the patient pursued homoeopathic treatment for a permanent recovery. A constitutional homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium clavatum 200CH was prescribed truly based on symptoms totality. The symptoms improved after the second prescription. According to homoeopathic principles, this led to an increasing the potency of Lycopodium clavatum 1M. After a few months of treatment, a noticeable outcome as well as a perceptible improvement in the PASI Index appeared. This instance demonstrates the beneficial benefits of homoeopathic constitutional treatment of psoriasis.

This study demonstrates a previously unexplored facet of sp3-carbon electrophiles (or alkylating agents): their potential for catalytic applications through carbon-bond interactions. In contrast to their classical SN1 and SN2 reactions, we present an al-ternate perspective, the catalytic nature of alkyl electrophiles through noncovalent interactions (NCIs). The involvement of NCIs by carbon electrophiles (possessing polar Csp3-X bonds) in stabilizing conformations of small molecules and biomole-cules has recently been discovered. Nevertheless, their catalytic role in activating small molecules has not been observed. As the "X" group evolves into an effective leaving group, carbon electrophiles develop strong positive potentials on the carbon surface (σ-hole). However, small atomic size and steric congestion resulting from the presence of four groups around the carbon atom pose challenges in establishing strong σ-hole interactions with nucleophilic acceptors. This unique behavior of alkyl electrophiles has deterred chemists from exploring their potential as catalysts in chemical transformations. In groundbreaking revelation, we demonstrate for the first time that alkyl electrophiles function as Lewis acid catalysts in activating carbonyls for acetal formation and related reactions through NCIs. We meticulously chose a range of alkyl electrophiles and discovered a striking correlation between their molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface energies and their catalytic efficacy in acetal-forming reactions. Our comprehensive approach, which encompassed both experimental and theoretical investigations, provided robust support for the catalytic potential of alkyl electrophiles through non-covalent carbon bond interactions.

Indian Food Dishes are famous around the globe. Object detection in an image is a well-known task in computer vision. Indian Food Dishes detection using deep learning-based models will maximize the impact of computer vision-based models in the food domain. Deep learning-based model usage is still limited in recognizing and detecting Indian Food Items due to the lack of datasets on Indian Food. We introduce the IndianFood-7 Dataset, which contains images of more than 800 and having 1700 + annotations spreading beyond seven special Indian food items. We report the comparative study of numerous variants which are having current Avant-grade for object detection models, YOLOR and YOLOv5. Furthermore, we have inspected and evaluated the model performance by revising the predictions verified on the images of the test dataset.

In present study the influence of various atmospheres on the solid-state reaction of ferrocene is discussed, where oxalic acid dihydrate is used as a co-precursor. The decomposed materials were characterized with using methods like powder X-ray diffraction, FE-SEM, EDX, UV–Vis-NIR, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. The ambient and oxidative atmospheres led the decomposition to yield pure hematite nanomaterials whereas cementite along with small α-Fe was obtained in inert atmosphere. The materials obtained were mostly agglomerated. Elemental composition of each material was estimated. Using the absorbance data, the energy band gap values were estimated and the related electronic transitions from the observed absorption spectra was explored. Urbach energy was calculated for hematite which described the role of defects in the decomposed materials. The nanostructures exhibited photoluminescence due to self-trapped states linked to their optical characteristics. Raman spectroscopy of hematite detected seven Raman modes confirming the rhombohedral structure, whereas the D and G bands were visible in the Raman spectra for cementite. Thus, the reaction atmosphere significantly influenced the thermal decomposition of ferrocene and controls the type of the nanomaterials obtained. A plausible pathway of the undergoing solid-state reactions has been provided.

Production of quarks and gluons in hadron collisions tests Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) over a wide range of energy. Models of QCD are implemented in event generators to simulate hadron collisions and evolution of quarks and gluons into jets of hadrons. PYTHIA8 uses the parton shower model for simulating particle collisions and is optimized using experimental observations. Recent measurements of event shape variables and jet cross-sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider have been used to optimize the parton shower model as used in PYTHIA8.

Bananas are high in both water and fiber, which help to maintain regularity and digestive health. Consumers and fruit industry firms are concerned about the quality of fresh bananas, which is quickly becoming a vital need for standardizing the quality of commercial bananas. Farmers will benefit from the capacity to determine the freshness of banana fruit to increase the cropping phase and prevent the harvesting of either under-matured or over-matured bananas. When it comes to classifying photographs into their appropriate categories, machine learning plays a critical role. The study applies five different Transfer Learning models to classify banana images into three categories namely “Unripe”, “Ripe” and “Overripe”. The dataset used in this distribution contains 300 images which are further augmented to a total of 2369 images using different Image Augmentation techniques. The models used in the study include VGG-16, VGG-19, InceptionV3, Xception, and DenseNet201.The results show that VGG-16 achieves the highest accuracy in classifying the bananas as compared to the other models used in the study. The best accuracy achieved is 98.73%.

Introduction: Appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain. Large scale appendicitis patients are going to be treated surgically but sometimes complications are inherent to post-operative treatment. The most common postoperative complications are wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, retrocecal abscess, intestinal perforation with peritonitis, bleeding, and adhesions ileus caused by intra-abdominal adhesions, which vary in frequency between open and laparoscopic appendectomy. At present-day it is treated safely in Homoeopathic medicine. Case Summary: We are going to represent a case report of recurrent Acute Appendicitis which was successfully treated by the Individualized Homoeopathic Remedies. The results were evident within a few weeks, which further elucidated the role of constitutional treatment in homoeopathy. Key words: Homoeopathy, Calcarea Carbonica, Lycopodium Clavatum, Magnesium Phosphoricum, Nux Vomica, Appendicitis, Centesimal Scale, Ultrasonography.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a commonly recurring inflammatory eczematous condition of the skin which affects up to 2.4% of the global population and among them, 15-20% of children and 1-3% of adults are affected globally.A 48 years old female patient diagnosed with AD, suffering from complaints of pruritic eczematous lesions with sticky pus collection on both arm and abdominal region for the last 36 months.The patient was treated with modern medicine for a long time but there was no permanent relief.Therefore, the patient sought out homoeopathic treatment for a long-lasting cure.A constitutional medicine Graphites 0/1 was prescribed based on the totality of symptoms.All problems showed better, but after a while, they all came to a standstill.As per homoeopathic principles, this led to an increasing the potency of Graphites 0/2.Following four months of treatment, there was a considerable improvement in the eczematous lesions and all accompanying complaints, as well as a noticeable improvement in the SCORAD Index.This case shows that AD is cured by constitutional homoeopathic treatment.

Quantum dot-based single spin qubit systems are resilient towards charge noise and are primarily affected by the noise due to magnetic interactions. Qubit interaction with the environment causes relaxation and decoherence of their quantum states. Hyperfine interaction due to spin of nuclei surrounding the electron and phononic interaction due to spin-orbit interaction are the dominant mechanisms through which GaAs-based quantum dot (QD) qubits undergo decoherence. The external control parameters i.e. static and ac magnetic fields are directly related to the decoherence. This limits the range of values of these parameters for which gate operations can be done successfully. In this work, using a single qubit NOT gate operation, we investigate the impact of varying static and ac magnetic fields on decoherence suppression. We report an increment in the usable range of the static magnetic field value with an increase in ac magnetic field strength in low and high static magnetic field regimes.

We study the light output, light collection efficiency and signal timing of a variety of organic scintillators that are being considered for the upgrade of the hadronic calorimeter of the CMS detector. The experimental data are collected at the H2 test-beam area at CERN, using a 150 GeV muon beam. In particular, we investigate the usage of over-doped and green-emitting plastic scintillators, two solutions that have not been extensively considered. We present a study of the energy distribution in plastic-scintillator tiles, the hit efficiency as a function of the hit position, and a study of the signal timing for blue and green scintillators.

This paper aims to classify images of handwritten characters in the Devanagari script. We implement a ResNet architecture with 85 convolution layers to classify images on the publicly available Devanagari Handwritten Character Dataset (DHCD), that holds 92,000 images divided into 46 different classes. Our network implements the bottleneck variant of the residual module and executes the pre-activation method where the activation function and batch normalization are placed before the convolutions. This model outperforms previous works done to date on DHCD by recording an accuracy of 99.72%.

Abstract Review: [78 refs.

The Phase I upgrade of the CMS Hadron Endcap Calorimeters consists of new photodetectors (Silicon Photomultipliers in place of Hybrid Photo-Diodes) and front-end electronics. The upgrade will eliminate the noise and the calibration drift of the Hybrid Photo-Diodes and enable the mitigation of the radiation damage of the scintillators and the wavelength shifting fibers with a larger spectral acceptance of the Silicon Photomultipliers. The upgrade also includes increased longitudinal segmentation of the calorimeter readout, which allows pile-up mitigation and recalibration due to depth-dependent radiation damage. As a realistic operational test, the responses of the Hadron Endcap Calorimeter wedges were calibrated with a 60Co radioactive source with upgrade electronics. The test successfully established the procedure for future source calibrations of the Hadron Endcap Calorimeters. Here we describe the instrumentation details and the operational experiences related to the sourcing test.

Sustainable storage solutions are crucial to achieving deep decarbonization of the transport sector in the future, and substantial investment is being poured into research and development of battery based solutions worldwide. Efforts directed at reducing battery cost, increasing energy density, improving durability and lifetime, among other improvements, are being ramped up in a bid to rapidly enhance battery performance and affordability. This report presents a summary of commercially available EV battery technologies, as well as battery research focused on developing alternative technologies, and provides recommendations on how to strengthen industry–academia collaboration in the country.

Quantum dot-based spin qubits are resilient towards charge noise and are affected by magnetic noise only. However, environmental interaction leads to decoherence in these qubit systems. The external control parameters are directly related to the magnitude of decoherence. This in turn limits the range of values of those parameters for which operations can be done with high fidelity. In this work, using a model of quantum dot spin qubit system, we investigate the impact of varying ac magnetic fields on suppression of decoherence. We report an increment in the usable range of static magnetic field value using our technique.

Understanding the production of quarks and gluons in high-energy collisions and their evolution is a very active area of investigation. Monte Carlo event generator pythia8 uses the parton shower model to simulate such collisions and is optimized using experimental observations. Recent measurements of event-shape variables and differential jet cross sections in pp collisions at $$\mathrm {\sqrt{s} = 13\, \text {TeV}}$$ at the Large Hadron Collider have been used to investigate further the parton shower model as used in pythia8.

Production of quarks and gluons in hadron collisions tests Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) over a wide range of energy. Models of QCD are implemented in event generators to simulate hadron collisions and evolution of quarks and gluons into jets of hadrons. PYTHIA8 uses the parton shower model for simulating particle collisions and is optimized using experimental observations. Recent measurements of event shape variables and jet cross-sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider have been used to optimize the parton shower model as used in PYTHIA8.

We present measurements of differential jet cross sections over a wide range in transverse momenta from inclusive jets to multi-jet final states. Studies on the impact that these measurements have on the determination of the strong coupling $\alpha_{s}$ as well as on parton density functions are reported.

Recently nosocomial infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis have gained much attention. S. epidermidis was invariably present on the skin and generally known as an opportunistic pathogen. It also causes endocarditis, cystitis, any defective valvular heart diseases and hospital born sepsis. Most commonly occurs on intravenous catheterisation and on medical prosthesis. This study was aimed to screen the ability of different potencies of Homoeopathic Medicine Sulphanilamide to inhibit S. epidermidis. Different potencies of Sulphanilamide 6C, 12C, 30C, 200C, 1M were screened for antimicrobial potential by Agar well diffusion method against S. epidermidis. Where12C potency showed 0.7cm and in 30C potency showed 0.8cm inhibition zone. Whereas Sulphanilamide 30C is found to be the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, bactericidal activity showed higher amount of dead cells present in the death phase.