Shixiang Su

We have measured the interfacial tension γSF between sulfide and silicate melts over the temperature range from 1250 to 1325 °C by in situ measurement of the shapes of sessile drops of sulfide immersed in silicate melt, sitting upon level alumina substrates. The silicate melt was an alkali-free synthetic basaltic liquid. The sulfide melts were synthetic mixtures of Fe–Cu–Ni–S or Fe–S–O. The interfacial tension ranges from about 500 mJ m−2 for sulfide of FeS composition to approximately 600 mJ m−2 for sulfide containing 16 wt.% Cu or 6.5 wt.% Ni, and up to 650 mJ m−2 for Fe–S–O liquid containing 4 wt.% O. Contact angles vary from 150° to 180°, showing that sulfide liquid does not wet oxide minerals in silicate magmas. The density of sulfide melt does not depend strongly on Cu or Ni content, remaining between 4.0 and 4.5 g cm−3 over the range of Cu and Ni contents expected in sulfide magmas, but increases substantially to about 5.5 g cm−3 in Fe–S–O melts containing 4 wt.% O. Our results can be combined with conventional concepts of nucleation theory to indicate that when silicate magmas exist at small degrees of supersaturation, sulfide drops may nucleate rarely and at widely spaced intervals, leading to kinetic control of the compositions of the resulting droplets. In light of our results, we use simple scaling arguments to argue that sulfide magmas are not capable of migrating through partially molten silicate rocks by capillary forces alone, but may be forced through narrow grain boundaries or grain edges only by the flow of the enclosing silicate melt. During melt extraction by compaction of partially molten mantle peridotite, it is highly unlikely that silicate flow rates could be sufficiently rapid to permit the entrainment of droplets of sulfide liquid. At temperatures below the solidus of enclosing silicate rocks, sulfide melt will be free to travel along fractures or grain boundaries. The mobility of sulfide melts through completely solidified silicate rocks may account for the widespread observation that late-stage, highly fractionated sulfide liquids have escaped from cooling bodies of massive sulfide to form veins and disseminations of Cu-rich sulfide minerals in their silicate host rocks.

Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), more so than any other hypertension subtype, increases the risk for stroke and coronary heart disease. The prevalence of ISH versus other hypertension subtypes in the general Chinese adult population is not known.The prevalence of isolated systolic and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) was examined in a representative national sample of 15,540 Chinese adults aged 35 to 74 years. Three seated blood pressure (BP) measurements taken after 5 min of rest were averaged and hypertension subtypes were defined among individuals not receiving antihypertensive therapy as follows: ISH as systolic BP >/=140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg; IDH as systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP >/=90 mm Hg; and combined systolic/diastolic hypertension (SDH) as a systolic BP >/=140 mm Hg and diastolic BP >/=90 mm Hg.Overall, 7.6% of the Chinese adult population had ISH, 7.4% had SDH, and 4.4% had IDH. The prevalence of ISH increased with age and was more common in older women than in older men. Stage 1 hypertension was much more prevalent than stage 2 hypertension among all hypertension subtypes. The prevalence of SDH, IDH, and ISH (women, only) were higher in northern China than southern. The prevalence of ISH and SDH (women, only) were higher among rural residents versus urban residents.These data document high rates of ISH in China. Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with ISH, our findings underscore the critical need for enhanced hypertension screening and treatment programs in China.

In the present study, the CoSb3 powder was prepared by solvothermal route for the first time and the particle size of the as-prepared powder is in nanoscale. The electrochemical performances of the nanosized CoSb3 were characterized by galvanostatic charge and discharge cycling, cyclic voltammogram (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical lithiation and delithiation mechanism of CoSb3 compound was investigated by ex situ XRD (X-ray diffraction) technique. The large reversible capacity and good cycling stability of nanosized CoSb3 suggest that it stands as a promising anode material for secondary Li-ion batteries.

&lt;p&gt;The study focused on leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for efficient energy conservation in scientific applications. The proposed cloud-based multi-agent system merges various intelligent technologies to swiftly gather high-quality cloud data for effective smart energy-saving. Incorporating case-based reasoning (CBR), big data analysis, and intelligent user interfaces as key functionalities, the system utilized Web services, ontology, open data, and data mining. It expanded on the practical advancements of the multi-agent Dr. What-Info system for information collection. A Web services platform seamlessly gathers cloud interactions among subagents processing energy-saving data. Rigorous performance and operational experiments were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the system interface, offering detailed insights into relevant R&amp;D technologies and outcomes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Abstract A nanoporous gold wire electrode (NPGWE) was prepared using a published one‐step method from a 0.3 M oxalic acid at room temperature. It was found in this study that the surface morphology, including the pore size and the width of the ligaments, and thus the surface roughness of the NPGWE could be easily manipulated by controlling the solution stirring rate. The NPGWE was used for the study of electrochemical oxidation and determination of glucose in 0.1 M NaOH using cyclic voltammetry. The effect of two potential interferences chloride ion and ascorbic acid was assessed. The electrode showed a linear range of glucose concentration from 0.5 mM to 10 mM with a detection limit of 8 μM.

Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is included in the payload of Chinese first lunar mission Chang’E-1 that will be launched in 2007. Specific objectives of the GRS are to map abundance of O, Si, Fe, Ti, U, Th, K, and perhaps, Mg, Al, and Ca to depths of about 20 cm. There are remarkable advantages for GRS application to remote sensing elemental materials over the entire lunar surface: large effective area and good ability for background rejection. We will describe the design of GRS and present its performance in this paper. Moreover, the GRS calibration will also be introduced.

Traffic accident prediction method for Jiangsu section of the

The purpose of this study is to present a novel method for generating Monte Carlo 4D dose distributions in a single DOSXYZnrc simulation. During a standard simulation, individual energy deposition events are summed up to generate a 3D dose distribution and their associated temporal information is discarded. This means that in order to determine dose distributions as a function of time, separate simulations would have to be run for each interval of interest. Consequently, it has not been clinically feasible until now to routinely perform Monte Carlo simulations of dose rate, time-resolved dose accumulation, or electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) cine-mode images for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. To overcome this limitation, we modified DOSXYZnrc and defined new input and output variables that allow a time-like parameter associated with each particle history to be binned in a user-defined manner. Under the new code version, computation times are the same as for a standard simulation, and the time-integrated 4D dose is identical to the standard 3D dose. We present a comparison of scintillator measurements and Monte Carlo simulations for dose rate during a VMAT beam delivery, a study of dose rate in a VMAT total body irradiation plan, and simulations of transit (through-patient) EPID cine-mode images.

We compute the cross section for e+e- --> nu nu-bar A, where A is the CP-odd scalar, in the general CP-conserving type-II two-Higgs-doublet model. We sum the contributions from the ``t-channel'' e+e- --> nu nu-bar W W --> nu nu-bar A graphs and ``s-channel'' e+e- --> Z A --> nu nu-bar A graphs, including their interference. Higgs-triangle graphs and all box diagrams are included. For many parameter choices, especially those in the decoupling region of parameter space (light h and m_A, m_H, m_H^+ > 2 m_Z), the Higgs-triangle and box diagrams are found to be of minor importance, the main contributing loops being the top and bottom quark triangle diagrams. The predicted cross section is rather small for tan beta > 2 and/or m_A > 2 m_t. However, we also show that if parameters are chosen corresponding to large Higgs self-couplings then the Higgs-triangle graphs can greatly enhance the cross section. We also demonstrate that the SUSY-loop corrections to the b b-bar A coupling could be such as to greatly enhance this coupling, resulting in an enhanced nu nu-bar A cross section. Complete cross section expressions are given in the Appendices.

An analysis of the gamma-ray family (∑E_γ≈1300 TeV) obtained with Mt. Kambala emulsion chambers is made. The event is produced by one nuclear interaction occurred at lower altitude than 150 m above the chamber. Central region of the event is composed of 5 clusters. Characteristics of the event is discussed.