Sandeep Sharma

Polycrystalline samples of M-type hexaferrite with BaZnxZrxFe12–2xO19 (x = 0.1–0.7) as chemical composition were synthesized successfully using solid state reaction technique. The structural, microstructural and magnetic properties of these samples were investigated. Rietveld analysis (goodness-of-fit ≈1.06–1.22) demonstrates the phase purity of the samples in the entire composition range. The `c/a′ ratio is < 3.98, for all samples implying that they are M-type hexaferrites. The XRD results also show a simultaneous decrease in crystallite size (149–69 nm) and an increase in cell volume (699.119–711.006 Å3) with increasing dopant concentration. FESEM micrographs reveal that the a) average grain size varies within 0.61–0.79 µm and b) sample porosity decreases with increasing concentration of Zn2+- Zr4+ dopants. EDX data reveals the presence of all the elements and Ba:Fe ratio ≈ 1:12. M-H studies reveal that a) Ms increases from 61.45 emu/g (at x = 0) to 72.87 emu/g (at x = 0.1) and decreases afterwards to 61.45 emu/g (at x = 0.7) and b) Hc decreases continuously from 4118 Oe (at x = 0.0) to 319 Oe (at x = 0.7). The excellent magnetic properties of these hexaferrite samples make them useful in magnetic data storage devices, devices for microwave absorption and in spintronic devices.

Momentous increase in the popularity of explainable machine learning models coupled with the dramatic increase in the use of synthetic data facilitates us to develop a cost-efficient machine learning model for fast intrusion detection and prevention at frontier areas using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The performance of any explainable machine learning model is driven by its hyperparameters. Several approaches have been developed and implemented successfully for optimising or tuning these hyperparameters for skillful predictions. However, the major drawback of these techniques, including the manual selection of the optimal hyperparameters, is that they depend highly on the problem and demand application-specific expertise. In this paper, we introduced Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) model to automatically select the machine learning model (among support vector regression, Gaussian process regression, binary decision tree, bagging ensemble learning, boosting ensemble learning, kernel regression, and linear regression model) and to automate the hyperparameters optimisation for accurate prediction of numbers of k-barriers for fast intrusion detection and prevention using Bayesian optimisation. To do so, we extracted four synthetic predictors, namely, area of the region, sensing range of the sensor, transmission range of the sensor, and the number of sensors using Monte Carlo simulation. We used 80% of the datasets to train the models and the remaining 20% for testing the performance of the trained model. We found that the Gaussian process regression performs prodigiously and outperforms all the other considered explainable machine learning models with correlation coefficient (R = 1), root mean square error (RMSE = 0.007), and bias = - 0.006. Further, we also tested the AutoML performance on a publicly available intrusion dataset, and we observed a similar performance. This study will help the researchers accurately predict the required number of k-barriers for fast intrusion detection and prevention.

We present a phase-induced transparency-based scheme to generate structured-beam patterns in a closed four-level atomic system. We employ a phase-structured probe beam and a transverse magnetic field (TMF) to create phase-dependent medium susceptibility. We show that such phase-dependent modulation of absorption holds the key to formation of a structured beam. We use a full density matrix formalism to explain the experiments of Radwell et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 123603 (2015)] at weak probe limits. Our numerical results on beam propagation confirms that the phase information present in the absorption profile gets encoded on the spatial probe envelope, which creates petal-like structures even in the strong field limit. The contrast of the formed structured beam can be enhanced by changing the strength of TMF as well as of the probe intensity. In weak field limits an absorption profile is solely responsible for creating a structured beam, whereas in the strong probe regime, both dispersion and absorption profiles facilitate the generation of a high-contrast structured beam. Furthermore, we find the rotation of structured beams owing to strong-field-induced nonlinear magneto-optical rotation.

The heavy metal contamination in the environment causes serious risk and long-term lethal effects to all living organisms due to their ability to show toxicity at low concentrations. The bio-magnification of heavy metals in the food chain is a matter of concern for public health. The persistent exposure to heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and uranium (U) cause several pathologic conditions in humans by interfering with normal cellular processes. Due to the non-biodegradable nature of these pollutants, they get accumulated for a long time in the soil. The removal of these pollutants by conventional methods is not satisfactory due to the high cost and generation of huge quantities of waste products. Hence, the use of micro-organisms is the most successful approach to remediate heavy metals from the environment due to their efficacy and financial viability. Numerous microorganisms have been employed to diminish the toxic effects of heavy metals. The combination of microorganisms and plants as a bioremediation strategy is another efficient method for heavy metal bioremediation. The chapter will summarize the heavy metal exploitation with a focus on Cd, As, Pb, and Chromium (Cr). It will also describe the various bioremediation techniques which are being used in the removal of these heavy metals from soil.

Introduction Bloodstream infection (BSI) and subsequent sepsis are life-threatening medical conditions. The onset of antimicrobial resistance and subsequent multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) significantly increase healthcare-associated expenditure with adverse clinical outcomes. The present study was undertaken to identify the trends of BSI in community settings in secondary care hospitals (smaller private hospitals and district hospitals) in the state of Madhya Pradesh in Central India with the support of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and National Health Mission, Madhya Pradesh. Methodology The present study was a prospective, longitudinal observational chart review type of study. The study was carried out at 10 secondary care hospitals (eight smaller private hospitals and two government district hospitals) nominated by the State Government as part of the ICMR Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Research Network (AMRSN). The hospitals were nominated depending on the availability of a microbiology laboratory and a full-time microbiologist. Result A total of 6202 blood samples were received from patients with suspected BSI, out of which 693 samples were positive for aerobic culture. Among these, 621 (89.6%) showed bacterial growth and 72 (10.3%) grew Candida species (spp). Out of the 621 bacterial growth samples, Gram-negative bacteria were 406 (65.3%) and Gram-positive bacteria were 215 (34.6%). Among the Gram-negative isolates (406), the predominant isolate was Escherichia coli (115; 28.3%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (109; 26.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (61; 15%), Salmonella spp. (52; 12.8%), Acinetobacter spp. (47; 11.6%) and the other Enterobacter spp. (22; 5.4%). Among the Gram-positive isolates (215), the predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (178; 82.8%) followed by Enterococcus spp. (37; 17.2%). Among the Escherichia coli, third-generation cephalosporin resistance was identified in 77.6%, piperacillin-tazobactam resistance in 45.2%, carbapenem resistance in 23.5% and colistin resistance in 16.5% of cases. Among the Klebsiella pneumoniae, third-generation cephalosporin resistance was identified in 80.7%, piperacillin-tazobactam resistance in 72.8%, carbapenem resistance in 63.3% and colistin resistance in 14% of cases. Among the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ceftazidime resistance was identified in 61.2%, piperacillin-tazobactam resistance in 55%, carbapenem resistance in 32.8%, and colistin resistance in 38.3% of cases. Among the Acinetobacter spp., piperacillin-tazobactam resistance was identified in 72.7%, carbapenem resistance in 72.3%, and colistin resistance in 9.3% cases. While analyzing the antibiogram for Staphylococcus aureus isolates, methicillin resistance (MRSA) was seen in 70.3% of cases, followed by vancomycin resistance (VRSA) in 8% of cases and linezolid resistance in 8.1%. Among the Enterococcus spp. isolates, linezolid resistance was found in 13.5%, vancomycin resistance (VRE) in 21.6%, and teicoplanin resistance in 29.7% of cases. Conclusion In conclusion, the first-ever study to identify the risk of high-end antibiotics causing significant drug resistance in secondary and tertiary care settings has highlighted the urgent need for more randomized control studies and proactive measures from healthcare authorities and serves as a beacon for future research efforts and underscores the importance of implementing antibiograms to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.

Due to limited accessibility and unavailability of drinking water in many areas. many people are not able to get access to drinking water in these situations coin oriented LDR based water dispenser is effective. this paper provides a novel approach for providing clean and drinking water in these area by coin oriented LDR based water dispenser. main objective of this research is to provide water in rural area. model provided in research paper uses power from dc sources and start motor-pump on bases of signal given by the microcontroller.

IoT-based intelligent greenhouse monitoring and control system has been designed to optimize agricultural processes. The proposed system employs a network of sensors to collect real-time data on environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and soil moisture within the greenhouse. Leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the collected data is transmitted to a centralized platform accessible by farmers. Through this platform, users can remotely monitor and control the greenhouse conditions, ensuring optimal growth conditions for plants. Automated actuators enable precise adjustments, such as irrigation and ventilation, contributing to resource efficiency and sustainable farming practices. This innovative solution enhances crop yield, reduces resource wastage, and empowers farmers with actionable insights for informed decision-making, marking a significant advancement in modern agriculture.

We present here the infrared absorption spectra of free-base tetraphenylporphine and its dication. Most of the allowed IR bands of porphyrin skeletal are observed in pairs due to two-fold symmetry of the free-base tetraphenylporphine. Observation of some new bands, disappearance of few bands in the IR spectrum of dication are interpreted on the basis of point group symmetry S4. Intensity change in the observed bands due to vibrational motion of the phenyl rings for dication is also explained on the basis of symmetry of dication. Sharing of electrons of the B1u orbitals by the two added protons are responsible for the shifts in the position of certain IR bands for dication.

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We theoretically investigate $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry, induced mechanical lasing, and force sensing in an optically levitated nanoparticle with coupled oscillation modes. The coupling in the levitated system is created by the modulation of an asymmetric optical potential in the plane transverse to the beam trapping the nanoparticle. We show that such a coupling can lead to $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric mechanical behavior for experimentally realistic parameters. Further, by examining the phonon dynamics and the second-order coherence of the nanoparticle modes, we determine that induced mechanical lasing is also possible. Finally, we demonstrate that tunable ultrasensitive force sensing ($\ensuremath{\sim}zN/\sqrt{Hz}$) can be engineered in the system. Our studies represent an advance in the fields of coherent manipulation of coupled degrees of freedom of levitated mechanical oscillators and their application for sensing.

Each year Dengue infection causes havoc almost across the entire globe raising the death toll and thus becoming a global burden. With the absence of Global approved vaccine and its scope not limiting itself to tropical regions anymore, it has become a rapidly growing epidemic. Researchers have comprehensively explored mechanisms to predict and diagnose infectious diseases and machine learning has revolutionized the medical field by reducing the computing time in analyzing complex data and finding hidden patterns for accurate predictions. In this study, a comparative machine learning-based analysis is achieved using python based classification to predict dengue fever infection in a person. This paper helps interested researchers choose the most efficient classification technique among the selected machine learning classifiers by not only focusing on accuracy achieved but on overall classification metrics analysis to develop a better Dengue predictive model.

Introduction YouTube is one of the top-searched online video streaming platforms. However, the content of YouTube may not match the standards required for clinical skills learning. Therefore, we investigated the quality of top-viewed YouTube videos related to three basic surgical procedures that need to be performed by general surgery residents in their first year of training in our institute. Methods We searched YouTube for the top 10 viewed demonstration videos related to ultrasound-guided abscess drainage, chest tube insertion, and central line insertion. For the eligible videos, we calculated the likes ratio, view ratio, and video power index. The videos' quality was assessed using LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) scores. The videos were categorized into high-quality (LAP-VEGaS score ≥ 11) and low-quality videos (LAP-VEGaS score < 11). The different descriptive (view counts, duration, and likes-dislikes) and calculated parameters stated above were compared between the two video quality-based groups. Results The selected videos were uploaded between July 2008 and March 2022. Their mean view counts were 460391.13±373760.19. Their mean video duration was 8.12±4.26 minutes. Their mean likes and dislikes were 2578.38±2977.43 and 144.10±129.80, respectively. The mean like ratio and the mean view ratio were 93.42±13.53 and 317.76±827.79, respectively. The mean video power index was 310.67±827.96. The mean LAP-VEGaS scores for ultrasound-guided abscess drainage, chest tube insertion, and central line insertion-related videos were 6.80, 11.10, and 11.20, respectively. The numbers of likes and dislikes were significantly higher for high-quality videos. Conversely, the view counts, the view ratio, and the video power index were significantly lower for high-quality videos. Conclusion Top-viewed videos related to general surgery procedural demonstrations are of low quality. The video view counts, popularity, and likes-dislikes are highly unreliable indicators of surgical video's usefulness. There is a need for regulatory mechanisms to screen the YouTube content suitable for general surgery residents learning. The residents should therefore be cautious while making inferences based on YouTube videos.

Improved agricultural practices and rapid industrialization have led to huge waste generation, and the management of this waste is becoming a global concern. The process of vermicomposting has emerged as a method of choice for converting waste into useful manure, with evidence of increase in crop productivity. During vermi-composting, the collective activities of decomposing microorganisms and earthworms lead to the humification of organic/inorganic waste, thereby generating the final product called vermicompost. Different types of industrial wastes such as waste from paper industries, tanneries, sugar mills, and pulp and textile industries have been effectively converted to vermicompost and successfully used to improve plant growth. The vermicompost thus formed was also demonstrated to increase the production of pharmaceutically important plant secondary meta-bolites such as withanolides and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Microbial amendment with different bacterial and fungal strains during vermicomposting further proves to be beneficial by increasing nitrogen content, decomposing organic waste, providing aeration, and stabilizing the vermicompost. These microorganisms after passing through the earthworm's intestine increase in numbers in the vermicast, thus becoming enriched in vermi-compost, which is particularly important for their use as biofertilizers. The precise role of different microbial pretreatments in improving the quality of vermicompost generated from industrial and agricultural waste is, however, not completely understood. To fill this gap in knowledge, the present article aims to review published literature to highlight the potential of microbial amendment during vermicomposting for bioremediation of industrial and agricultural waste. Microbial pre-composting followed by vermicomposting emerges as an eco-friendly and economical approach for managing agricultural and industrial waste.

Abstract The share of expenditure on medicines as part of the total out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure on healthcare services has been reported to be much higher in India than in other countries. This study was conducted to ascertain the extent of this share of medicine expenditure using a novel methodology. OOP expenditure data were collected through exit interviews with 5252 out-patient department patients in three states of India. Follow-up interviews were conducted after Days 1 and 15 of the baseline to identify any additional expenditure incurred. In addition, medicine prescription data were collected from the patients through prescription audits. Self-reported expenditure on medicines was compared with the amount imputed using local market prices based on prescription data. The results were also compared with the mean expenditure on medicines per spell of ailment among non-hospitalized cases from the National Sample Survey (NSS) 75th round for the corresponding states and districts, which is based on household survey methodology. The share of medicines in OOP expenditure did not change significantly for organized private hospitals using the patient-reported vs imputation-based methods (30.74–29.61%). Large reductions were observed for single-doctor clinics, especially in the case of ‘Ayurvedic’ (64.51–36.51%) and homeopathic (57.53–42.74%) practitioners. After adjustment for socio-demographic factors and types of ailments, we found that household data collection as per NSS methodology leads to an increase of 25% and 26% in the reported share of medicines for public- and private-sector out-patient consultations respectively, as compared with facility-based exit interviews with the imputation of expenditure for medicines as per actual quantity and price data. The nature of healthcare transactions at single-doctor clinics in rural India leads to an over-reporting of expenditure on medicines by patients. While household surveys are valid to provide total expenditure, these are less likely to correctly estimate the share of medicine expenditure.

In today era credit card are extensively used for day to day business as well as other transactions. Ascent within the variety of transactions through master card has junction rectifier to rise in the dishonest activities. In trendy day's fraud is one in every of the most important concern within the monetary loses not solely to the merchants however additionally to the individual purchasers. Data processing had competed a commanding role within the detection of credit card in on-line group action. Our aim is to first of all establish the categories of the fraud secondly, the techniques like K-nearest neighbor, Hidden Markov model, SVM, logistic regression, decision tree and neural network. So fraud detection systems became essential for the banks to attenuate their loses. In this paper we have research about the various detecting techniques to identify and detect the fraud through varied techniques of data mining.

Noninvasive survey methods based on analyzing DNA extracted from feces can be useful for carnivores that are difficult to study by other methods. Changes in fecal deposition patterns associated with reproduction in kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) might affect results of such surveys. We used a trained dog to collect fresh scats on 2-km transects in the home ranges of 11 radiocollared female kit foxes in January, February, and March 2008 and determined sex of the individual that deposited the scats by amplifying the zinc finger protein gene. Female foxes give birth in mid-February to mid-March. We found a similar number of scats each month. In January, the sex ratio of the scats was not different from the expected 1∶1. However, in February there were almost 2 male scats for every female scat and in March there were >8 male scats for every female scat. Comparing March to January, there were more male scats on all 11 transects and fewer female scats on 10 of 11 transects. Around the time pups are born, both sexes appear to show changes in fecal deposition patterns that make it easier to find male scats and harder to find female scats. Effects of these changes on survey results will vary depending on the purpose and design of the survey. Surveys to determine distribution and relative abundance would probably not be negatively affected by these changes. However, if surveys to estimate abundance are conducted during the reproductive season, they could result in an underestimate of population size unless the increased heterogeneity in scat detectability is taken into account.

A neurological disorder called Epilepsy which causes the sudden occurrence of epileptic seizures. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the recorded electrical activities of the brain to examine the epileptic patient through EEG pattern for diagnosis. Epileptic seizure is one of the abnormality or brain disorder in which seizure patterns shows large spikes for specific time domain or area. This work mainly focused on detecting the Epileptic seizures or Epilepsy through the extracted feature like Higuchi Fractal Dimension (HFD) and Masking and Check-in based feature extraction technique (MCFET). Three scaling features of HFD viz. fractal dimension, the standard deviation of fractal dimension and scaling factor while twenty masking and check-in-based features of the upper and the lower envelope along with ten features of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) coefficients (Table 1) from raw EEG signals are required as input to the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for classifications. The overall performance is improved in terms of Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity through both HFD and MCFET features. Further, the overall accuracy using HFD and MCFET based feature extraction technique around 98% with a bit of computational time of about 1 second by reducing the training percent from 80% to 60%.

In this work, we obtained iron nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of the leaves of M. zapota and protected the environment by decreasing toxic chemicals and eliminating biological risks in biomedical applications. Different concentrations of leaf extract(0.25 g/mL, 0.125 g/mL, 0.0625 g/mL, and 0.0312 g/mL)were used and synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. The results revealed a dependence on the particle size of Fe2O3 NP and synthesis conditions. The Fe2O3 NP samples UV–visible absorption spectra show surface plasmon (SPR) bands around 355 nm, 344 nm, 346 nm, and 344 nm at different extract concentrations. Different structural, elemental, and optical properties were analyzed by various techniques such as XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. The photocatalytic activity of the produced iron nanoparticles was evaluated for the degradation of Methylene blue dye under solar irradiation. At 8 hours of exposure, green-produced iron nanoparticles efficiently destroyed the dye by almost 53.57 percent.

Smoke and gas sensing are essential for early detection of fire, and as a result, many fire scenarios result in the loss of life and significant expense. Meanwhile, researchers throughout the world work on smoke and gas detection systems based on sensor networks, digital image processing, or computer vision. A self-sustaining IoT-based real-time forest fire forecasting and detection system is proposed in this proposal for assisting firefighting teams in suppressing fires where they begin slowly using information about their position. In addition, it utilized sprinklers that spray water at a controlled pressure. Firefighters are responsible for identifying and extinguishing flames. With technology advancing quickly, automation is becoming more and more prevalent. On the other side, firefighters with MQ2 (Gas Sensor), Flame Sensor, and DC fan will turn ON are frequently in risk of losing their life. Toxic chemicals identified in the firefighting environment were responsible for the bulk of the deaths. The paper presents a prototype based on sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) for outdoor fire detection, with an emphasis on temperature and gas measurement precision when a fire starts, in order to address these challenges. A database schema for alarm settings based on sensor data allowed us to manage changes using a combination of wireless components, development boards, and electrical devices.

We explore optical manipulation of sculpted light based on phase dependent electromagnetically induced transparency through a five level atomic system. A transverse magnetic field (TMF) and a suitable spatially inhomogeneous control field can be used to create a spatial probe transparency modulation at a desired location. Such transparency modulation is the principle behind the shaping of the light. Further the beam propagation equation shows that the control field induced selective phase information can be imprinted on the probe beam. Hence this controlled light shaping paves a new way for optical tweezers, high contrast imaging and micromachining.

Present manuscript deals with the sliding wear behaviour of SS- 304 and SS-316 with and without oxidation prior to wear test. The dry sliding wear performance of the steel samples was noted in as received conditions and then after oxidizing the sample at 600°C for 6 hours. The variations in hardness of both the steels before and after oxidation were estimated. The dry sliding wear tests were carried out using pin on disk technique at different sliding velocity and different loads, by using hardened steels counter surface. The worn surfaces were characterised by using FE-SEM/EDS analysis to ascertain the mechanism of wear in the samples. From various characterisation results and observations of volume loss, the effect of prior oxidation was analysed for the both stainless steels. It has been found that the oxidation leads to the formation of some protective oxides which leads to increase in the hardness of the samples due to which the wear performance was improved compared to the as received alloys.

The Alternative Finance Industry of “Crowdfunding” is to collect relatively small contribution of large number of people in order to support the small and medium enterprises and startups. The financial market shows a significant growth in Asia  volume grow by 320% to 3.4 billion. The financial model consist of  Equity or Debt (peer to peer lending) based crowdfunding. The financial model basic feature of financial return on investment. The diversification in business model with the distinct approach of implement the financial model depend on their regulatory systems to encourage the crowd for invest in alternative financial industry and furthermore, these model ensure its financial return on high risk investment. The business model offered “Nominee and Non Nominee” structure in equity based crowdfunding where as in debt based crowdfunding business model are “Client Segregated Account, Fixed Loan, Notary and “Guaranteed” Return  consist of (Offline Guaranteed Return or Automated Guaranteed Return)”. The principle aim of article is to analyses the diverse business models in terms of its rational, benefits and drawbacks. Subsequently to find out whether these models are able to eliminate the risk of investment. In last part article summed up with appropriate conclusion and suggestion.

In remote sensor nodes, energy harvesters are used with rechargeable batteries as the power source. As these batteries undergo capacitance reduction, they degrade with each charge–discharge cycle. Most of the existing researches do not consider edge-based computation for battery health prediction. This paper proposes a smart, accurate, and reliable data-driven architecture, nCare, to predict the battery’s health at low power and low computation costs. Three models are used for health prediction, two Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) models deployed at the sensor node — one to predict the State of Health (SoH) of the battery for the first few cycles and the second to predict the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of battery. An AutoKeras model deployed at the gateway where it will be trained using the first 200 cycles. Then weight matrix and layer information will be sent to sensor nodes to replicate the model without training to predict SoH after 200 cycles. Two main parameters, battery temperature and elapsed time (ET), are used to predict the SoH, which is further used for RUL prediction. Furthermore, to prove the efficiency of the RUL prediction method, the calculated Absolute Error (AE), Relative Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Relative error (RE) are 0.019, 0.142, and 0.005, respectively for a battery of 730 cycles. This method helps the sensor node acquire intelligence that will be battery specific. Blockchain is used for maintaining the data integrity of the architecture. nCare thus ensures an effective and accurate solution for predicting the RUL of a battery.

In this work we present the extension of semistochastic heat-bath configuration interaction (SHCI) to work with any two-component and four-component Hamiltonian. Vertical detachment energy (VDE) of AuH_2^- and zero-field splitting (ZFS) of NpO2 2+ are calculated by correlating more than 100 spinors in both cases. This work demonstrates the capability of SHCI to treat problems where both relativistic effect and electron correlation are important.

We present a scheme to create an all-optical tunable and lossless waveguide using a controllable coherent Raman process in an atomic rubidium vapor in an $\mathcal{N}$-type configuration. We employ a Gaussian Raman field and a Laguerre-Gaussian control field to imprint a high-contrast tunable waveguidelike feature inside the atomic medium. We numerically demonstrate that such a waveguide is able to guide arbitrary modes of a weak probe beam to several Rayleigh lengths without diffraction and absorption. Our results on an all-optical waveguide-based scheme may have potential applications in lossless image processing, high-contrast biomedical imaging, and image metrology.

The evolutions that occurred in the past decades have provoked variations in the market as well as academic and research. Given this scenario, the research explored in this article was aimed to analyze the contribution of the management of PMBOK methods for the optimization of Scientific Editorial Flow. The methodology used presented a quantitative approach, of descriptive character based on a survey, made available on social networks and Facebook groups, through the google forms platform. The sample is given by Snowball, this type of sampling enables the researcher to study specific groups and is difficult to reach. The analysis was by descriptive statistics, using the Likert scale, as well as the weighted average and fashion responses. It was identified that the Critical Success Factors of a Project that can contribute to the optimization of the editorial flow of a Scientific Periodical are efficient communication, empowerment, change management, client involvement, supplier involvement and conflict management.

Introduction: Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB) appears promising for reduction of postoperative pain in Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM). Various combinations of local anaesthetics and adjuvants have been tried in TPVB but search for an ideal combination is still on. Aim: To evaluate analgesic efficacy of clonidine (1 µg/kg) as adjuvant with different concentrations of ropivacaine (0.35%, 0.2%) for TPVB in MRM surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomised double blind comparative clinical study was carried out in a tertiary care centre in Southern Rajasthan from January 2019 to March 2020, clinical study, 120 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I, II patients aged 18-60 years female patients undergoing MRM surgery were randomised into three groupsRP, RC and LDRC to receive 0.35% Ropivacaine 19 mL, 0.35% Ropivacaine 19 ml+Clonidine (1 µg/kg) and 0.2% Ropivacaine 19 ml+Clonidine(1 µg/kg) diluted upto total 20 ml with normal saline, respectively. TPVB was performed at T4 level as single injection followed by administration of general endotracheal anaesthesia. The primary outcome measured was duration of analgesia. Secondary outcomes measured included consumption of rescue analgesic, Visual analog scale and perioperative haemodynamic parameters. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test respectively. p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean duration of analgesia was prolonged in clonidine groups RC and LDRC (811.5±110.99 and 753±119.76 min, respectively) as compared to group RP (400.125±108.13 min), although no statistically significant difference was noted between group RC and LDRC. Similar observations were noted when total dose of rescue analgesic in group RC (82.50±7.21 mg) and LDRC (99.38±35.57 mg) was compared to group RP (142.50±53.169 mg) as well as when total number of rescue analgesic doses in group RC (1.10±0.496) and group LDRC (1.32±0.474) were compared to group RP (1.92±0.694). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was noted at rest, cough, movement at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours and showed a statistically significant difference between ropivacaine group RP and ropivacaine clonidine groups. Conclusion: Addition of clonidine to ropivacaine in TPVB during breast cancer surgery results in lower pain scores, prolong duration of analgesia and reduce postoperative requirement of rescue analgesics. Both lower (0.2%) and higher (0.35%) concentrations of ropivacaine provide equally effective postoperative analgesia.

This work considers the problem of decentralized online learning, where the goal is to track the optimum of the sum of time-varying functions, distributed across several nodes in a network. The local availability of the functions and their gradients necessitates coordination and consensus among the nodes. We put forth the Generalized Gradient Tracking (GGT) framework that unifies a number of existing approaches, including the state-of-the-art ones. The performance of the proposed GGT algorithm is theoretically analyzed using a novel semidefinite programming-based analysis that yields the desired regret bounds under very general conditions and without requiring the gradient boundedness assumption. The results are applicable to the special cases of GGT, which include various state-of-the-art algorithms as well as new dynamic versions of various classical decentralized algorithms. To further minimize the regret, we consider a condensed version of GGT with only four free parameters. A procedure for offline tuning of these parameters using only the problem parameters is also detailed. The resulting optimized GGT (oGGT) algorithm not only achieves improved dynamic regret bounds, but also outperforms all state-of-the-art algorithms on both synthetic and real-world datasets.

This research was done to assess the periodontal ligament cells viability using propolis, coconut water, aloe vera, and soy milk storage media.Periodontal ligament cells were taken from freshly extracted teeth and stored into four groups of storage media: Group A-propolis, Group B-coconut water, Group C-aloe vera, and Group D-soy milk. Later, the cell viability was assessed at 1, 12, and 24 hours.The periodontal ligament cell viability was significantly greater in propolis, followed by coconut water, aloe vera, and soy milk.We found that propolis, coconut water, aloe vera, and soy milk can be used as an effective storage media. These are naturally occurring and easily available storage medium.

ABSTRACTAn experimental trial was conducted to study the influence of a plant growth booster (PGB) on the seedling growth and quality parameters of Juniperus polycarpos in nursery conditions. One-year-old seedlings were applied with seven different doses of a PGB composed of humic acid (12%), fulvic acid (4.3%), seaweed extract (6.9%), and amino-based granules (6.8%) to study their effect on seedling growth and quality parameters. After 5 years in the nursery, maximum values of seedling growth parameters viz. shoot length (43.10 cm), root length (42.00 cm), collar diameter (5.93 mm), number of roots (41.00), fresh shoot biomass (18.83 g), fresh root biomass (5.87 g), total fresh biomass (24.71 g), dry shoot biomass (10.11 g), dry root biomass (3.06 g), and total dry biomass (13.17 g) were recorded in seedlings that were given 2.5 g PGB/seedling, as compared to the seedlings where no PGB was applied. The maximum value of quality parameters viz. volume index (1515.60) and quality index (1.25) was also observed in seedlings that received 2.5 g PGB/seedling. The study suggests the application of 2.5 g PGB per seedling for the production of quality planting stock of J. polycarpos in the nursery.KEYWORDS: Quality planting stockquality indexvolume indexsturdiness quotientroot shoot ratio Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe authors are thankful to the Director, ICFRE-Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, for providing the necessary facilities and to the Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India, for giving financial support [Project ID: HFRI-065/Th.-01/S(A)-03(STI-21)/PLAN/2016-2021].

A nursery trial was conducted to study the effects of root pruning on the seedling growth and other parameters of Juniperus polycarpos. Roots of two-year-old seedlings of J. polycarpos were pruned at different levels and transplanted in polybags of size 9’’ × 5” filled with potting media comprising soil, sand, and farm yard manure (2:1:1). Maximum growth of various seedling parameters, viz., shoot length (42.90 cm), root length (38.40 cm), collar diameter (6.16 mm), number of roots (45.93) and biomass, viz., fresh shoot biomass (24.03 g), fresh root biomass (6.35 g), total fresh biomass (30.38 g), dry shoot biomass (10.21 g), dry root biomass (2.48 g), total dry biomass (12.69 g), weight of secondary + tertiary roots (0.61 g) were recorded in seedlings in which 5 cm roots were retained after pruning, whereas, minimum growth of seedling parameters and biomass was recorded in seedlings in which no root pruning was done. The maximum value of seedling quality parameters, viz., volume index (1627.86), Quality index (1.14), and ratio of secondary + tertiary roots to total root biomass (0.08) was also observed in seedlings in which 5 cm roots were retained after pruning. The study suggests that roots of J. polycarpos may be pruned up to 5 cm in length for production of quality nursery stock.

Phonon lasers are extensively researched as mechanical counterparts to optical lasers for various applications. An optical tweezer phonon laser was developed, but it only affected one degree of movement. To address this, we introduced a multimode levitated nanoparticle to transfer coherence between different oscillation directions. Coupling was achieved by rotating the asymmetric optical potential via trap laser polarization rotation. The change in power spectral density showed the feature of lasing transfer before and after coupling, and the mean phonon number of the system was saturated. Coherence was confirmed by measuring second-order auto-correlation function of the oscillation modes. Coupled laser systems have potential in precision measurement and quantum information processing.

Epidural volume extension is technique aiming to mitigate spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension, by reducing the dose of local anaesthetics. The present study was executed to determine the effect of epidural volume extension subarachnoid block with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing proximal femoral nailing (PFN) regarding characteristics of sensory-motor block and postoperative analgesia.In this prospective, double-blind trial conducted from October 2021 to April 2022, 105 adult patients scheduled to undergo PFN were randomised into groups: control (C), 10 mL NS (E1), and 20 mL NS (E2), to receive 10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally plus additional epidural volume extension with 10 and 20 mL normal saline in groups E1 and E2, respectively. The primary outcome measured was the duration of postoperative analgesia. The secondary outcomes measured included onset of sensory- motor block and duration of sensory block. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.A significantly longer duration of postoperative analgesia was noted in patients receiving 10 and 20 mL epidural volume extension (365.09 ± 101.83 and 330.06 ± 35.22 vs. 265.77 ± 38.01 min in the control group, P < 0.01). Patients who received any epidural volume extension with either 10 or 20 mL had significantly quicker onset of sensory and motor block as well as prolonged duration of sensory block. No significant difference in duration of postoperative analgesia, and onset and duration of block was observed between patients receiving either 10 or 20 mL epidural volume extension.Epidural volume extension significantly shortened the onset of sensory-motor block and increased the duration of sensory block and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing PFN under subarachnoid block; however, no such difference was observed between 10 and 20 mL epidural volume extension.

We propose an efficient scheme for the generation of tunable optical waveguides based on atomic vapor in an $N$-type configuration. We exploit both control-field-induced transparency and Kerr-field-induced absorption to produce a flexible probe transparency window otherwise not feasible. We employ a suitable spatial profile of control and Kerr beams to create a high contrast refractive index modulation that holds the key to guiding a weak narrow probe beam. Further, we numerically demonstrate that high-contrast tunable waveguide permits the propagation of different modes of probe beam to several Rayleigh lengths without diffraction. This efficient guiding of narrow optical beam may have important applications in large-density image processing and high-resolution imaging.

The growing armamentarium of potential radioisotopes and increased demand for radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) have catapulted their biomedical applications on a trajectory of higher growth in the modern healthcare establishment. Nuclear medicine technology is now regarded as an essential tool for diagnosis, palliation, therapy, and theranostic applications. The associated radiation safety issues need to be emphasized in the form of adequate regulatory action to warrant their safe and effective use. The RPs attracts considerable attention from both pharmaceutical and nuclear regulators due to their constituent pharmaceutical and radioactive components. So, a critical examination of applications of RPs, the latest advances in their development, and the existing regulatory guidelines for RPs have been carried out. This review presents a brief overview of RPs and recent studies on their diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications. Comprehensive comparative information on regulatory perspectives of RPs in major pharmaceutical jurisdictions such as the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and India reveals ambiguities and heterogeneity. The present studies discuss the importance of RPs in the current healthcare domain, their recent applications, and strive to intensify the concern for an ambient and harmonized regulatory setup.

Replantation is a commonly performed method for avulsed tooth. A vital periodontal membrane (periodontal ligament [PDL]) is significant for the successful healing of replanted teeth. Hence, various storage media are used to preserve the viability of periodontal cells before replantation.The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ViaSpan, Aloe vera, Gatorade solution, and propolis storage media for maintaining the PDL cell viability.The present study was conducted on 40 recently extracted teeth which were randomly divided into four study storage groups: Group I: ViaSpan, Group II: Aloe vera, Group III: Gatorade solution, and Group IV: Propolis. Later they were subjected to centrifugation, and the cells from supernatant were colored with 0.4% trypan blue for determination of viability. The obtained data were statistically evaluated with SPSS package (21.0 version, Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA) using analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney test, and Post hoc tests.The mean viable periodontal cell in Group I was 30.2 cumm, in Group II was 24.6 cumm, Group III was 14.5 cumm, and Group IV in 31.4. The difference was significant (P < 0.01). Post hoc test between different groups revealed a significant difference in mean viable periodontal cells (P < 0.001). Propolis, ViaSpan, and Aloe vera had higher pH and osmolality values.This study found that propolis had higher periodontal cell viability followed by ViaSpan solution and Aloe vera and least in Gatorade solution. Propolis, ViaSpan, and Aloe vera media can be used as a storage media.RésuméContexte: la Replantation est une méthode couramment utilisée pour la dent avulsée. Une membrane parodontale vitale (ligament parodontal [PDL]) est important pour la guérison réussie des dents replantées. Par conséquent, divers supports de stockage sont utilisés pour préserver la viabilité du parodontal les cellules avant la réimplantation. Objectifs: la présente étude a été menée pour évaluer L'efficacité de ViaSpan, Aloe vera, solution de Gatorade, et des supports de stockage de propolis pour maintenir la viabilité des cellules PDL. Matériaux et Méthodes: la présente étude a été menée sur 40 récemment dents extraites qui ont été divisées au hasard en quatre groupes de stockage d'étude: Groupe I: ViaSpan, Groupe II: aloe vera, Groupe III: Gatorade solution, et groupe IV: Propolis. Plus tard, ils ont été soumis à une centrifugation et les cellules du surnageant ont été colorées avec 0,4% de trypan bleu pour la détermination de la viabilité. Les données obtenues ont été évaluées statistiquement avec le package SPSS (version 21.0, Inc. Chicago, ILLINOIS, états-unis) en utilisant l'analyse de la variance, le test de Mann-Whitney et les tests post hoc. Résultats: la cellule parodontale viable moyenne dans le Groupe I était de 30,2 cumm, dans Le groupe II était de 24,6 cumm, le Groupe III de 14,5 cumm et le Groupe IV de 31,4. La différence était significative (P < 0,01). Essai post hoc entre différents groupes ont révélé une différence significative dans les cellules parodontales viables moyennes (P < 0,001). Propolis, ViaSpan et aloe vera avaient plus valeurs de pH et d'osmolalité. Conclusion: Cette étude a révélé que la propolis avait une viabilité cellulaire parodontale plus élevée suivie D'une solution de ViaSpan et Aloe vera et moins dans la solution de Gatorade. La Propolis, le ViaSpan et L'aloe vera peuvent être utilisés comme support de stockage. Mots-clés: aloe vera, Gatorade, cellules parodontales, propolis, ViaSpan.

Brain tumor is a very big and serious problem, so exact detection of this problem may help doctors to treat the patient effectively. Brain tumor segmentation is an application of image processing. This paper presents a cellular automata based method for identifying and segmenting the suffered region by processing MRI, CT scan, and X-ray images. Cellular automata are the grid or cell based techniques, which calculating new value for each cell until the desired value not achieved. The proposed technique defines a unique threshold function by analyzing all the outer neighbor cells and the cell itself. The threshold function is to be applying on all the image pixels and produced targeted region by defining continuous and spiky edges. To obtain exact and clear suffered region, the method may include next level outer cells.

The continuous accumulation of solid waste is posing a great threat to the environment globally. The load on Indian dumpsites is increasing everyday as the rate of waste processing is much slower than the rate of wast generation. On the other hand, governments are imposing stringent mining regulations to prevent illegal mining of resources like sand and stones from rivers. These materials are the key constituents in concrete production. Hence, it is becoming difficult for the industry to meet the demand of fresh concrete for ongoing infrastructure projects. Studies focusing on finding alternatives to conventional aggregates have been going on for many years. This will solve two problems, first, appropriate disposal of waste materials, and second, prevention of overmining of natural aggregates (NA). The present paper reviews the effectiveness of using recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in cement-concrete production and presents a small experimental case study on locally procured RCA used in concrete production.

In this article we present an algorithm to efficiently evaluate the exchange matrix in periodic systems when Gaussian basis set with pseudopotentials are used. The usual algorithm for evaluating exchange matrix scales cubically with the system size because one has to perform O(N2) fast Fourier transforms (FFT). Here we introduce an algorithm that retains the cubic scaling but reduces the prefactor significantly by eliminating the need to do FFTs during each exchange build. This is accomplished by representing the products of Gaussian basis function using a linear combination of an auxiliary basis the number of which scales linearly with the size of the system. We store the potential due to these auxiliary functions in memory which allows us to obtain the exchange matrix without the need to do FFT, albeit at the cost of additional memory requirement. Although the basic idea of using auxiliary functions is not new, our algorithm is cheaper due to a combination of three ingredients: (a) we use robust Pseudospectral method that allows us to use a relatively small number of auxiliary basis to obtain high accuracy (b) we use occ-RI exchange which eliminates the need to construct the full exchange matrix and (c) we use the (interpolative separable density fitting) ISDF algorithm to construct these auxiliary basis that are used in the robust pseudospectral method. The resulting algorithm is accurate and we note that the error in the final energy decreases exponentially rapidly with the number of auxiliary functions.

We show theoretically the presence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) like feature in a {\Lambda}-type atom-molecule coupled system. We demonstrate that EIT in such a systems has a sharp dispersion characteristic which is useful to slow down light propagation in a medium. The results of our model calculations show that, it is possible to achieve a time delay of the order of 1 ms for a probe field propagating a distance of 1 cm through a medium of ultracold diatomic molecules coupled to the continuum of atom-atom collisional states with a control field. This enables one to reduce the group velocity of the light much below 100 m/s with more than 25% transmission.

In this work, we introduce three algorithmic improvements to reduce the cost and improve the scaling of orbital space variational Monte Carlo (VMC). First, we show that by appropriately screening the one- and two-electron integrals of the Hamiltonian one can improve the efficiency of the algorithm by several orders of magnitude. This improved efficiency comes with the added benefit that the resulting algorithm scales as the second power of the system size $O(N^2)$, down from the fourth power $O(N^4)$. Using numerical results, we demonstrate that the practical scaling obtained is in fact $O(N^{1.5})$ for a chain of Hydrogen atoms, and $O(N^{1.2})$ for the Hubbard model. Second, we introduce the use of the rejection-free continuous time Monte Carlo (CTMC) to sample the determinants. CTMC is usually prohibitively expensive because of the need to calculate a large number of intermediates. Here, we take advantage of the fact that these intermediates are already calculated during the evaluation of the local energy and consequently, just by storing them one can use the CTCM algorithm with virtually no overhead. Third, we show that by using the adaptive stochastic gradient descent algorithm called AMSGrad one can optimize the wavefunction energies robustly and efficiently. The combination of these three improvements allows us to calculate the ground state energy of a chain of 160 hydrogen atoms using a wavefunction containing $\sim 2\times 10^5$ variational parameters with an accuracy of 1 $mE_h$/particle at a cost of just 25 CPU hours, which when split over 2 nodes of 24 processors each amounts to only about half hour of wall time. This low cost coupled with embarrassing parallelizability of the VMC algorithm and great freedom in the forms of usable wavefunctions, represents a highly effective method for calculating the electronic structure of model and \emph{ab initio} systems.

We propose a method to generate transiently nonclassical motional states in a levitated optomechanical system. The nonclassicality arises from a nonlinearity induced by coupling the mechanical motion of a nanodiamond carrying a nitrogen-vacancy center with its spin degrees of freedom using a second-order magnetic field gradient (MFG). We employ a Fokker–Planck equation for the Wigner distribution to study the effect of the induced nonlinearity on the dynamics of the system. The time evolution of the Wigner distribution reveals the transient generation of several nonclassical states. The presence of these states is also confirmed by the negativity of the Wigner function. We expect such nonclassical states to have potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology.

Three species viz., Cayratia maritima Jackes of family Vitaceae Juss., Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight &amp; Arn. of Apocynaceae Juss. and Oberonia disticha (Lam.) Schltr. of Orchidaceae Juss. have been reported here for the first time from Sundarban Mangrove Forest of Bangladesh. The genus Leptadenia R.Br. is a new addition to the Angiosperms of Bangladesh. Taxonomic description, photographs and illustrations of these species have been provided.

To daze conventional pesticide release limitations, nanotechnology-mediated pesticide delivery using natural polymers has been actively investigated. However, the lack of information on what are the beneficial/non-beneficial aspects of using hybrid- and organic- nanoparticles (NP) and among the polysaccharides which are better suited concerning pesticide loading efficiency (PLE wt%), entrapment efficiency (E.E %), and sustained-pesticide-release (SPR %) has prompted us to investigate this study. In this report, we systematically investigated a series of polysaccharides such as starch (S), cellulose (C), aminocellulose (AC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) coated on magnetite NP (MNP, Fe3O4) and complete organic nanocarrier systems (starch and cellulose) that have no MNP part were compared for the PLE wt% and SPR % efficiencies for chlorpyrifos (ChP) insecticide. Overall, all nanocarriers (NCs) have shown good to excellent PLE wt% due to the smaller-sized NP obtained through optimal conditions. However, among the hybrid polysaccharides studied, starch MNP (S-MNP) has shown a maximum PLE of 111 wt% in comparison with other polysaccharides (80 – 94 wt%) coated hybrid-NCs as well as with organic-NCs (81 – 87 wt%). The use of inorganic support does improve the PLE wt% markedly for starch but not for cellulose derivatives. Similarly, the SPR results of S-NP showed a remarkably better sustained-release profile for ChP of 88 % in 14 days. In contrast, other unfunctionalized and functionalized celluloses exhibited poor release profiles of 60 – 20 % for the same period. This study may help the researchers choose the right system for designing and achieving enhanced pesticide efficiency.

A trial was conducted to study the effect of different potting media on the growth performance of Juniperus polycarpos under nursery condition. One year old seedlings of J. polycarpos raised in germination beds were transplanted in polybags filled with different combination of potting media with seven treatments comprising various combinations of soil, sand and farmyard manure and five replication in completely randomized design to study their effect on seedling growth and quality parameters. Significant differences were observed in shoot length, collar diameter, root length, number of roots, root and shoot biomass of J. polycarpos seedlings raised in different potting media. Maximum growth of various seedling parameters viz., shoot length (58.80cm), collar diameter (6.98mm), root length (55.24cm), number of roots (58.53) was recorded in treatment T 7 i. e. Soil + Sand + FYM (1:1:1) where as minimum growth of various seedling parameters was recorded in treatment T 1 i.e. nursery soil. Maximum fresh shoot biomass (32.35 g seedlings -1 ) was recorded in treatment T 4 , whereas fresh root biomass (9.08 g seedlings -1 ) and total fresh biomass (40.85g seedlings -1 ) was recorded in treatment T 7 . Maximum dry shoot biomass (17.33 g seedlings -1 ) was recorded in treatment T 5 whereas dry root biomass (4.60 g seedlings -1 ) and total dry biomass (21.86g seedlings -1 ) was recorded in treatment T 7 . Maximum value of various seedling quality parameters viz., root shoot ratio (0.27), volume index (2864.75) and Quality index (1.79) was also observed in seedling grown in treatment T 7 and whereas least value of sturdiness quotient (8.40) was observed in treatment T 1 (nursery soil) which is at par with treatment T 7 . The study recommended raising of seedlings of J. polycarpos in soil, sand and farm yard manure (1:1:1) for production of quality nursery stock.

We show theoretically the presence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) like feature in a {\Lambda}-type atom-molecule coupled system. We demonstrate that EIT in such a systems has a sharp dispersion characteristic which is useful to slow down light propagation in a medium. The results of our model calculations show that, it is possible to achieve a time delay of the order of 1 ms for a probe field propagating a distance of 1 cm through a medium of ultracold diatomic molecules coupled to the continuum of atom-atom collisional states with a control field. This enables one to reduce the group velocity of the light much below 100 m/s with more than 25% transmission.

The goal of this research is to understand and quantify the impact and effects of low temperature operation has on the performance and efficiency of vehicle fuel cell systems through modeling. More specifically, this work addresses issues of the initial thermal transient known to the automotive community as lcold-startr effects. Cold-start effects play a significant role in power limitations in a fuel cell vehicle, and may require hybridization (batteries) to supplement available power. A fuel cell system model developed as part of this work allows users to define the basic thermal fluid relationships in a fuel cell system. The model can be used as a stand-alone version or as part of a complex fuel cell vehicle model. Fuel cells are being considered for transportation primarily because they have the ability to increase vehicle energy efficiency and significantly reduce or eliminate tailpipe emissions. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an electrochemical device for which the operational characteristics depend heavily upon temperature. Thus, it is important to know how the thermal design of the system affects the performance of a fuel cell, which governs the efficiency and performance of the system.

Cryptompress, a new 128-bit (initial) private-key cryptography algorithm is proposed. It uses a block size of at least 30 bits and increments prior key size to additional 32 bits on each unsuccessful attempt of any means, including bruteforcing, further changing a specific portion of the cyphertext using the reformed Feistel network. Encryption process results from a proposed compression sequence developed using lookup table and shift operations followed by key generation. Eventually, four matrixes named add-sub matrix, reduced matrix, sequence matrix and term matrix are obtained which ultimately forms a cyphertext.

We present two efficient and intruder-free methods for treating dynamic correlation on top of general multi-configuration reference wave functions---including such as obtained by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) with large active spaces. The new methods are the second order variant of the recently proposed multi-reference linearized coupled cluster method (MRLCC) [S. Sharma, A. Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 102815 (2015)], and of N-electron valence perturbation theory (NEVPT2), with expected accuracies similar to MRCI+Q and (at least) CASPT2, respectively. Great efficiency gains are realized by representing the first-order wave function with a combination of internal contraction (IC) and matrix product state perturbation theory (MPSPT). With this combination, only third order reduced density matrices (RDMs) are required. Thus, we obviate the need for calculating (or estimating) RDMs of fourth or higher order; these had so far posed a severe bottleneck for dynamic correlation treatments involving the large active spaces accessible to DMRG. Using several benchmark systems, including first and second row containing small molecules, Cr$_2$, pentacene and oxo-Mn(Salen), we shown that active spaces containing at least 30 orbitals can be treated using this method. On a single node, MRLCC2 and NEVPT2 calculations can be performed with over 550 and 1100 virtual orbitals, respectively. We also critically examine the errors incurred due to the three sources of errors introduced in the present implementation - calculating second order instead of third order energy corrections, use of internal contraction and approximations made in the reference wavefunction due to DMRG.

Environmental pollution, comprising of air, water and soil have emerged as a serious problem in past two decades. The air pollution is caused by contamination of air due to various natural and anthropogenic activities. The growing air pollution has diverse adverse effects on human health and other living species. However, a significant reduction in the concentration of air pollutants has been observed during the rainy season. Recently, a number of studies have been performed to understand the mechanism of removal of air pollutants due to the rain. These studies have found that rain is helpful in removing many air pollutants from the environment. In this paper, we proposed a mathematical model to investigate the role of rain in removal of air pollutants and its subsequent impacts on human population.

Background and Objectives: There are many factors that influence the ulnar variance such as age, sex, genetic factors, gross elbow pathology, gripping of the hand, rotation of the forearm and positioning of the elbow. There are several pathologies of the wrist in which ulnar variance play a role. We lack study in Nepalese population regarding the influence of age and sex on ulnar variance. The primary objective of this study was to determine the mean ulnar variance in normal Nepalese population and to assess age and sex difference.&#x0D; Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Janaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital from July 2020 to March 2021. Total 120 patients were included in the study. Ulnar variance was measured by using the method of perpendiculars.&#x0D; Results: The mean value of ulnar variance was 0.73±1.62 in our population. In our study, thirty two (26.7%) had neutral ulnar variance, twenty two (18.3%) had negative ulnar variance and sixty six (55%) had positive ulnar variance.&#x0D; Conclusion: There was statistically significant difference in ulnar variance between male and female population (p&lt;0.05). Females had higher ulnar variance than male population. There was more positive ulnar variance with higher age group (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D;

Cinnamomum tamala, commonly known as the Tejpat, Malabar leaf or Indian bay leaf is a promising medicinal tree species of India. Being aromatic and having immense medicinal benefits, its leaves are widely used in culinary preparations as well as ayurvedic medicines. The exhaustive collection methods of this tree for various purposes have imposed a serious threat on the natural occurrence of this species. So to conserve this species through quality nursery production, the present study was planned with the objective to standardize the method of pre sowing seed treatments in Cinnamomum tamala. It was observed that soaking of the C. tamala seeds for twenty four hours in water resulted in highest per cent germination (77.6%), which was significantly higher than all the other treatments. This was followed by treatment of seeds with warm water at 80º C (62.4 %). The other growth parameters such as root length (9.5 cm), shoot length (10.8 cm), collar diameter (1.9 cm) and plant weight (1.26 g) were also found to be highest in the plants germinated from the seeds soaked in water for 24 hours.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic occurring due to the novel corona virus has impacted the world and caused global healthcare crisis with loss of precious lives. The scarcity of data pertaining to the profile of its manifestations continues to be a hurdle to clarity in understanding, protocol formation, and hence patient management. Methods: The objective of this study is to report the initial experience with demographic profile and clinical presentation of the patients presenting at a tertiary care center in western India which is converted into a dedicated COVID hospital. This is a retrospective observational study of initial 500 cases presented to our institute between March 26 and April 30, 2020. The demography data, clinical parameters, associated comorbidities, and outcome parameters were noted and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the study population was 45.13 years with almost equal male and female preponderance. Out of total cases, 113 cases were critical. The most common comorbidities noted were hypertension and diabetes. Total 84 patients died due to COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: COVID-19 is common in adult age group with almost equal male to female preponderance. Most of the cases were stable patients. Out of the critical subgroup, more than half cases required oxygenation and one-fifth cases required ventilatory management. Majority of the cases recovered with a favorable outcome and they were either discharged or transferred to a step down facility.

The present work's objective focuses on identifying the containment capability of a hybrid fan case that uses an impact-absorbing (periodic) corrugated lattice structure core (LSC) sandwiched between the inner ring and outer cover. Bi-directional corrugated lattices have distinct impact resistance owing to excellent strength to stiffness ratio at a low relative density which makes it ideal for design against impact. Four cases with different (LSC) configurations: general (a), refined general (b), twill (c) and inverted twill (d) patterns that have similar relative density are investigated under a single fan blade out (FBO) condition. For identical packaging, the geometrical topology of a lattice is controlled by varying it's unit cell parameters. Durability of casing under highly non-linear interactions with blade is numerically resolved using LS-DYNA simulations and cases 1–4 are evaluated by comparing the plastic damage, energy absorption, blade momentum and crack propagation. Essentially, having sufficient inner ring stiffness is vital to resist the abrupt impact forces while maintaining structural integrity, for which a suitable thickness of 1mm is estimated after performing explicit tests between a range of 0.6–2mm shell thicknesses. Results of complete hybrid casing exhibits severe damage for cases 1, 2, and 3 as the lattice fragments and also debonds at various locations due to local buckling caused by high tension forces. However, responses for case 4 are found to be reassuring as it maintains enough interferential strength to counter shear and absorbs 44.5% of total energy, which is 5–16% higher than other cases. The stiffness of inverted twill is considered accountable here, which resists the casing tear with smallest recorded circumferential crack length. The performance test cycle is limited to 6ms which includes the prominent effect of three critical events: initial perforation, successive tear, and root impact occurring at discrete time intervals. Also, the gouge occurring on the outer cover for case 2 and 4 is 87 and 71% larger relative to case 3, whereas case 1 remains undamaged. Lastly, the paper demonstrates that the performance of inverted twill bi-directional corrugated lattice as a potential structural core is found superior relative to other (LSC) arrangements as it not only satisfies the containment criteria effectively but also showcases excellent impact resistance characteristics.

Air pollution is one of the major threats to the survival of humankind. The increasing burden of transport vehicles and industrial activities is the major contributing factor to the exponential rise in air pollutants. Further, deforestation for different reasons makes the scenario worst. However, it has been observed that the concentration of air pollutants reduces significantly in the rainy season. In this work, we propose a mathematical model to study the mechanism of removal of air pollution due to rain. The model involves a set of five differential equations. We applied the tools of dynamical systems to obtain the equilibrium solution and the stability conditions of the same. To investigate the impact of different parameters involved in the model, we performed a comprehensive numerical simulation to support the analytical results.

The human face manifests many different emotions and leads to certain actions as per their intentions. The determination of human intensions by analyzing their facial expressions can serve the society to preserve tranquil habitats in different aspects, such as detection of autism and depression; helping to understand dumb, deaf, and bedridden humans; mental state analysis; suspicious people detection; online student assessment; and more. Moreover, Society 5.0–centered advanced applications can be created with a focus to preserve human happiness and technological growth. The implementation of a facial expression recognition system helps to accomplish the goal of Society 5.0 by incorporating the mentioned convenience. This chapter aims to develop an autonomous facial expression recognition (AFER) system in real time for the classification of expressions. The classification model is a hybrid approach of deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks, which is experimented in real time for 36 humans (24 males and 12 females) ages 20–35. The feature components are extracted using the hybrid Gabor filter and local binary pattern. The selection process exploits the modified swarm intelligence approach of an improved quantum-inspired gravitational search algorithm. The AFER system is trained with the JAFFE, KDEF, RaFD databases, and some Indian expression images. The trained system is tested for front pose and movement of face to the yaw angles −30 and +30 degrees. The results are determined in terms of recall, precision, f-measure, recognition rate, and accuracy measures. Also, the results are evaluated for the existing AFER system, and a comparison is conducted. The comparative analysis indicates the significant performance of the proposed AFER system compared to existing systems.

Introduction: Bupivacaine, a local anesthetic, in brachial plexus block produces highly efficient intraoperative anesthesia and also analgesia. This study was carried out to observe the effect of the addition of midazolam to local anesthetic in brachial plexus block in the intraoperative and post-operative period. Objective: To compare intraoperative and post-operative Hemodynamic changes (pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate) with bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine-midazolam combination. Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 ASA-I or II adult patients undergoing upper limb surgeries (scheduled for forearm and hand surgery) under axillary brachial plexus block. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 35 each. Patients in group A were administered 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and those in group B were given 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with midazolam 50 µg·kg–1. Results: The mean (±SD) age of patients in Group A and B were 37.97± 13.73 years and 39.28± 14.19 years respectively. Hemodynamic variables (pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate) were recorded and compared using the student’s test (paired for intragroup and unpaired for intergroup comparison) and Chi-Square test. P-value &lt;0.05 was taken to be statistically significant and &lt;0.001 highly significant.

Background and Methods Erenumab, a monoclonal antibody to CGRP, is a new treatment option for preventive treatment of migraine. We audited 3 month outcome data of erenumab for prevention of chronic migraine in Glasgow. Patients are offered erenumab 140mg if they fail 4 migraine prophylactic agents in addition to Botox. Erenumab is continued for a further 9 months if effective at 3 months (≥30% reduction in total headache days or ≥50% reduction in severe headache days, using data from the “best month”). A 3 month extension is occasionally considered if there is a trend for improvement. Results Data were available for 93 patients (86% female). Previous treatments included: all 4 prespecified prophylactics (76%); flunarizine(63%); GON block(51%); Botox(95%); neuromodulation(25%); dihydroergot- amine infusion (19%). Erenumab was continued in 81% (53% continued for reduction in headache days, 28% for reduced severity/clinical discretion) and discontinued in 19% for dramatic improvement (2%), side effects (2%), and inefficacy (15%). Side effects included constipation(23%), hair loss(3%) injection site reactions, fatigue, cramps, itch (all 2%), itch, blistering, restless legs, rash, nausea, diarrhoea, insomnia, flushes (all 1%). Conclusion A surprisingly high response rate was observed at 3 months. Twelve month data are required to determine if the effect is sustained. krishna dani@icloud.com 50

Background and Aims: Complications arising from difficult or failed tracheal intubation still remains a leading cause of anaesthetic morbidity and mortality.This has lead to development of multiple novel laryngoscopes. This study was designed to compare performance of Airtraq optical laryngoscope with Huge Med Video laryngoscope for laryngeal visualisation and endotracheal intubation. Material and Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical study, seventy ASA grade I and II patients aged 18-60 years of either gender scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into two groups:Group A and group B in which laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was performed using Airtraq optical laryngoscope(group A) and HugeMed video laryngoscope(group B) respectively. The time taken and number of attempts for endotracheal intubation along with Cormack Lehane(CL) grading were recorded. Heart rate and blood pressure(SBP, DBP, MAP) were recorded at predefined time intervals. Result: Mean intubation time was 15.3±11.791sec in group A compared to 34.1011±17.471sec in group B.Majority of patients in both groups were intubated in first attempt (97.1% and 94.3% in group A and group B respectively). Patients in both groups remained haemodynamically stable in the post intubation period. On comparing the ease of intubation, majority of patients in group A and group B had CL grade I, very few patients in group A [6(17.1%)] and in group B [2(5.7%)] had CL grade II. Conclusion: Both Airtraq and Hug Med video laryngoscopes are effective devices for laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with high success rate of intubation although time needed for tracheal intubation is shorter with Airtraq optical laryngoscope.

Computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous procedures like the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are reliable techniques for diagnosing various thoracic diseases. These modalities are used for diagnosis in suspicious lung, pleural, mediastinal and vertebral and pulmonary lesions. The aim. We conducted a study in a Pulmonary Medicine Department of tertiary care hospital to study the efficacy and safety of CT guided FNCA/FNAB in thoracic diseases. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center with Information and Ethics committee permission within a total duration of two years. The study included patients presenting with following: 1) mediastinal mass lesions, 2) pulmonary solitary pulmonary nodules/masses, 3) pulmonary cavity, cyst and consolidation of undiagnosed etiology, 4) pleural mass, nodules, loculated collections, 5) extra-pulmonary and spinal tuberculosis suspects with pre/paravertebral abscess. Procedure details, radiological images and pathological and microbiological reports were retrieved from case record book of patients available in department. Results. Study population consisted of 108 patients. Neoplastic diseases were 85 (78.70%) and Non- neoplastic diseases 23 (21.29%). In neoplastic diseases 78.82% patients had lung Cancer of which 85.07% non small cell carcinoma and 14.92% small cell lung cancer. Out of non small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma of lung was the commonest. The most common non neoplastic diseases was tuberculosis. CT guided biopsy procedure was performed without any complications in 61.11%. The most common complication was pneumothorax (27.77%). The yield of CT guided biopsy was 98.14%. Conclusion. Percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy is an effective, highly accurate, and safe method of obtaining tissue for the diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary lesions especially in neoplastic diseases and tuberculosis.

Stromal cells possess unique properties to regenerate themselves and cure various chronic illnesses. An easily available and ethical source for procurement of stromal cells is umbilical cord blood which is now being stored for future use. Vedic texts also describe the cord blood as a source of life. However, Indian traditions seem to preserve one more alternative for storage and procurement of stromal cells. Traditionally, in many parts of India, the umbilical cord stump is dried and stored for future use. It is used as a medicine for some illness and to treat infertility. Since Indian traditions are an excerpt of Vedic science, it points towards the possible emergence of dried stump as an easy and cost-effective means for stromal cell procurement and storage. The present review compiles the literature available on these traditional practices and stresses upon the need of rigorous experimental and theoretical research in the area.

This chapter focuses on the application of machine learning in the diagnosis of a highly infectious mosquito-borne disease, which is often viewed as a rapidly emerging pandemic. In tropical and subtropical regions, dengue is among the highly infectious mosquito-borne diseases that add to the worldwide burden. This is due to the massive number of lives it takes yearly, especially in the absence of a dengue vaccine; therefore, hence making it a major health issue globally. Moreover, the combination of COVID-19 and dengue disease increased the difficulty with the timely differential diagnosis of both; therefore, compromizing patient care led to the sudden influx of critical patients and an increase in the death toll. The novelty of this chapter is in the evaluation of various tree-based classifiers in the risk prediction of the infected person and in alerting them about the possibility of internal hemorrhage manifestation that requires immediate medical assistance to reduce mortality. The stratified K-fold method is applied to ensure the dataset quality to boost the effectiveness of the classifiers and the results have shown that although random forest (RF), Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID), and Interactive Dichomomiser 3 (ID3) perform better with ˃93% accuracy, RF is the most efficient classifier for risk-detection of infected patients. This chapter helps interested researchers when formulating better methods based on symptomatic investigations to enhance dengue patient risk classification to further aid in the prevention of the emerging dengue pandemic.

Abstract We theoretically investigate the active Q -switching of an optical tweezer phonon laser Pettit et al (2019 Nat. Photon. 13 402) operating in a coupled-mode configuration. One of the modes is lasing and outcouples to the second mode. The coupling is induced via asymmetric modulation of the trap potential in the transverse plane of the trapped nanoparticle. We show that a time-modulated coherent coupling between two transverse modes of oscillation of an optically levitated nanoparticle holds the key to coherent pulsed phonon transfer between them. Our analytical and numerical results on the position dynamics, phonon dynamics as well as second-order coherence confirms pulsed phonon lasing transfer between the transverse modes. Our work on Q -switched operation of the optical tweezer phonon laser enhances understanding of the analogies between optical and mechanical lasers, and is relevant to levitated phonon transport, acoustic imaging, sensing and information processing technologies.

Oroxylum indicum, commonly known as ‘Shyonak’, Shivnak’ or ‘Indian trumpet flower’, is an important medicinal tree found in India and South East Asia. Various parts of this tree possess immense medicinal properties, which are utilized to cure various diseases. Being highly valuable source of medicinal formulations, this tree is overexploited and is listed as vulnerable and endangered in saveral parts of India. So, there is an urgent need for conservation of this species through mass multiplication. With the objective to produce good quality nursery stock of Oroxylum indicum, the present study was conducted to test the effect of different pre-sowing seeds treatments on seed germination along with the effect of different fertilizer doses for production of good quality seedlings in the nursery. The study revealed that treatment of soaking seeds in water for twelve hours resulted in highest germination per cent (64.44%) and also exhibited better growth parameters of the seedlings than that in the control. Effect of different fertilizers viz. Neem coated urea, Potassium Nitrate, Calcium nitrate and Ammonium Sulphate was studied on the seedlings, where the highest growth (21.42% increase in height) was recorded in application of Neem coated urea at a dose of 3.5 g/l.

Nanoparticles have a size of 1nm-100nm in any one of the three dimensions. Smaller nanoparticles have different physical, chemical and biological properties than atoms and molecules. Metals, non-oxide ceramic materials, metal oxides, silicates, and polymers, and organic and biomolecular components can be used to create material nanoparticles. Nanoparticles come in various shapes, like spheres, platelets, cylinders, and tubes. Green synthesized nanoparticles are not costly due to unemployment of toxic and hazardous compounds. Plants are widely spread, freely accessible, and safe to touch. They also supply a variety of metabolic compounds which are advantageous in reducing, capping and stabilizing process throughout in synthesis process. The reduction mechanism is based on the phytochemicals present in plant extract. In present work we synthesize silver nanoparticles by using Murraya Koenigii leaves through ecofriendly method. For synthesis of Silver nanoparticles, Silver nitrate (AgNO3) used as metal precursor salt and green extract of Murraya Koenigii used as reducing and capping agent for formation of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles then formed characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and optical properties by UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD revealed the crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles, FESEM and Dynamic light scattering reveled the particle size of 60 nm, FTIR revealed the presence of different functional groups which are attached with sample and Optical properties of sample revealed by UV-Visible spectroscopy that also satisies different experimental results.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity on growth characters in sorghum at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during Kharif 2020. In this experiment, 40 sorghum genotypes were grown hydroponically under control (EC 2.0 dS/m) and three salt stress concentrations (EC 6.8 dS/m, EC 11.4 dS/m and EC 16.2 dS/m). To study the effect of salt stress, the data was recorded on six growth parameters viz., per cent germination, seedling shoot/root ratio, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, stress tolerance vigour index I and stress tolerance vigour index II with respect to seed vigor index. Based on germination percentage, it was noticed that 19 genotypes failed to germinate at EC 16.2 dS/m. It was further observed that the increase in salt concentration had drastic effect on all the growth characters studied. The genotype with minimum decrease in shoot/root ratio under salt stress was SCL3. Based on salt tolerance indices with respect to seedling vigor index, SPSSV40 was found to be most tolerant. Further, the cluster analysis performed on the basis of mean comparisons of all growth traits grouped the genotypes into six categories viz., highly tolerant, moderately tolerant, tolerant, susceptible, moderately susceptible and highly susceptible. Eleven genotypes among the 40 genotypes studied were found to be tolerant with four genotypes being highly tolerant to salt stress. The genotypes SPSSV40, PV2068, SCL3 and UK081 were found to be highly tolerant which can be used in further breeding programs while developing genotypes for salt stress tolerance.

Parents of children with clubfoot are likely to inquire about the need for tenotomy and about any factors that may be predictive. The present study was done to identify factors that may help predict the need for tenotomy in children undergoing Ponseti treatment for idiopathic clubfoot.A prospective observational study was conducted on patients under 5 years of age with idiopathic clubfoot and no previous treatment history treated at Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre for Disabled Children. The relationship between the Pirani score, Dimeglio score, age, and passive ankle dorsiflexion (DF) and the need for heel cord tenotomy was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Of 83 patients (125 feet) with a mean age of 6 months, 93 feet (74.4%) required a percutaneous tenotomy. The mean initial Pirani and Dimeglio score for 125 club feet was 4.5 (SD=1.68) and 13.5 (SD=6.1), respectively. The mean initial passive ankle DF was -40.4 (SD=22.31). The Dimeglio ( P =0.000), Pirani scores ( P =0 .000), and passive ankle DF ( P =0.000) showed significant association with the need for tenotomy.This study shows a strong association between initial Pirani and Demiglio scores and initial passive ankle DF as predictive of a heel cord tenotomy. However, age, sex, and laterality were not associated with the need for tenotomy.

Individuals are susceptible to numerous ailments in today’s global setting, with people living highly automated lives under tremendous job pressure, both at home and at work. Such disorders have recently been on the rise at an alarming pace. As a result, the healthcare business must assume a prominent position soon, accountable for people’s health, a better society, and a successful country at large. Healthcare prices are rising as the demand for health amenities grows. Healthcare facilities with improved detection, diagnostics, and treatment procedures are desperately needed. With growing digitization and computing techniques in place, a massive amount of data is being generated and used for diagnostic and detection approaches. This data might be used to obtain data for anticipating disease illnesses, commencing preventative measures, and improving treatment procedures long before the diseases progressed. Powerful computing technologies must be used to build the finest intelligence of forecasting and decision-making abilities evaluated by an expert. Modern data mining methods are used to the obtained to analyze such characteristics that may reveal crucial and critical indications regarding the existence and progression of the medical condition.

INTRODUCTION: Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is a commonly encountered shoulder injury. Various surgical methods are available for the treatment of complete ACJ dislocation (type III to VI), however, optimal surgical treatment is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiological and functional outcome of anatomic coracoclavicular reconstruction (ACCR) using semitendinosus autograft with suture augmentation for type III to V ACJ dislocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a single centered, cross sectional, observational study conducted at Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Dhulikhel Hospital. Twenty-three consecutive patients who underwent ACCR with semitendinosus autograft from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019 were included in the study. Patients below 18 years of age and patients with previous ipsilateral shoulder injury were excluded. The radiological outcome was assessed using coracoclavicular (CC) distance and functional outcome using DASH score and Constant score. Paired t-test and Pearson correlation were used for inferential analysis. RESULTS: Mean age of the patient was 33.83 ± 7.08 years. Mean duration of follow up was 28.17 ± 6.19 months. Mean CC distance at final follow up was 9.93 ± 1.12 mm. Mean DASH score was 5.60 ± 5.35 and mean Constant score was 88.04 ± 12.13. There were 12 (52.17%) excellent outcomes, 6 (26.08%) good outcomes, 2 (8.69%) fair outcomes and 3 (13.04%) poor outcomes based on Constant scores. CONCLUSIONS: ACCR with suture augmentation is an effective method for management of type III to V acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

The thunderstorm events observed by GRAPES-3 muon telescope can be studied with aid of Monte Carlo simulations.One such event observed on 1 December 2014 was analysed and its electrical properties of thundercloud were derived using muon imaging.This recent result showed production of Giga-Volt potential in thunderclouds, possibly responsible for production of 100 MeV γ-rays in terrestrial γ-ray flashes.However, these properties derived from simulations rely on choice of low and high energy hadronic interaction models used in CORSIKA.So, the derived properties are model dependent which makes this study very important.The comparison of various combinations using low and high energy hadronic models and its impact on electric potential estimation will be discussed in this work.

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.