S. Tkaczyk

It is possible that measurements of vector boson scattering (VBS) at the LHC will reveal disagreement with Standard Model predictions, but no new particles will be observed directly. The task is then to learn as much as possible about the new physics from a VBS analysis carried within the framework of the Effective Field Theory (EFT). In this paper we discuss issues related to the correct usage of the EFT when the WW invariant mass is not directly accessible experimentally, as in purely leptonic W decay channels. The strategies for future data analyses in case such scenario indeed occurs are proposed.

IN an earlier communication1 reference was made to the possibility of using track radiography as a means of detecting and estimating the content of radioactive isotopes in biological specimens. Since that note was published, further work using a new ‘liquid-emulsion’ technique has brought us nearer the goal of successful quantitative estimations. The experimental technique employed was briefly as follows.

We present a systematic study of the different mechanisms leading to $WW$ pair production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), both in the same-sign and opposite-sign channels, and we emphasize that the former offers much better potential for investigating non-resonant ${W}_{L}{W}_{L}$ scattering. We propose a new kinematic variable to isolate the ${W}_{L}{W}_{L}$ scattering component in same-sign $WW$ production at the LHC. Focusing on purely leptonic $W$ decay channels, we show that it considerably improves the LHC capabilities to shed light on the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism after collecting $100\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data at $\sqrt{s}=14\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. The new variable is less effective in the opposite-sign $WW$ channel due to different background composition.

This Resource Book reviews the physics opportunities of a next-generation e+e- linear collider and discusses options for the experimental program. Part 1 contains the table of contents and introduction and gives a summary of the case for a 500 GeV linear collider.

An angular analysis of B0-->J/psiK(*0) and B(0)(s)-->J/psistraight phi has been used to determine the decay amplitudes with parity-even longitudinal ( A0) and transverse ( A( parallel)) polarization and parity-odd transverse ( A( perpendicular)) polarization. The measurements are based on 190 B0 and 40 B(0)(s) candidates obtained from 89 pb(-1) of &pmacr;p collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron. The longitudinal decay amplitude dominates with |A0|(2) = 0.59+/-0. 06+/-0.01 for B0 and |A0|(2) = 0.61+/-0.14+/-0.02 for B(0)(s) decays. The parity-odd amplitude is found to be small with |A( perpendicular)|(2) = 0.13(+0.12)(-0.09)+/-0.06 for B0 and |A( perpendicular)|(2) = 0.23+/-0.19+/-0.04 for B(0)(s) decays.

We have searched for direct production of scalar top quarks at the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 88 pb-1 of p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.8 TeV. We assume the scalar top quark decays into either a bottom quark and a chargino or a bottom quark, a lepton, and a scalar neutrino. The event signature for both decay scenarios is a lepton, missing transverse energy, and at least two b-quark jets. For a chargino mass of 90 GeV/c2 and scalar neutrino masses of at least 40 GeV/c2, we find no evidence for scalar top production and present upper limits on the production cross section in both decay scenarios.

We present the first results on the production of fast (p>10 GeV/c)p, $$\bar p$$ , Λ and $$\bar \Lambda $$ from π± hydrogen and nucleus interactions at 30 GeV/c using the CERN Ω′ spectrometer. We have used five nuclear targets (C, Al, Cu, Sn, Pb) to study theA-dependence of the inclusive particle distributions in the region 0.3<x F <0.6. The high statistical level of our experiment allows us to demonstrate the differentA-behaviour of baryon and antibaryon inclusive reactions. We relate this difference to the final state interaction inside a nucleus using the formation-zone model.

The article discusses the issue of selection of the technical measures and the means of transport to carry out the executive and transport operations transport infrastructure investment: the chains of suppliers on the example of transport task, in production - for example the building transport infrastructure investment and in the storage warehouse. The developed method allows to determine the construction schedule (determination of the order of operations performed optimal technical measures and optimal means of transport) with the optimal function criterion (cost / time). The simulations have shown that this method allows an unambiguous selection of the technical measures and means of transport (vehicles) to implement the particular technological operations at a given time/cost, taking into account the established constraints.

Abstract We investigate the Beyond Standard Model discovery potential in the framework of the effective field theory (EFT) for the same-sign WW scattering process in purely leptonic W decay modes at the High-Luminosity and High-Energy phases of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The goal of this paper is to examine the applicability of the EFT approach, with one dimension-8 operator varied at a time, to describe a hypothetical new physics signal in the WWWW quartic coupling. In the considered process there is no experimental handle on the WW invariant mass, and it has previously been shown that the discovery potential at 14 TeV is rather slim. In this paper we report the results calculated for a 27 TeV machine and compare them with the discovery potential obtained at 14 TeV. We find that while the respective discovery regions shift to lower values of the Wilson coefficients, the overall discovery potential of this procedure does not get significantly larger with a higher beam energy.

The paper presents a method and results of experimental testing of the stability of palletized cargo wrapped in stretch film in laboratory conditions and methods and parameterization of its application for proper cargo securing. Reduction of stretch film consumption is also significant for sustainable transport. It will contribute to the minimization of costs on a micro-scale (manufacturers and shippers) and a macro scale-a significant reduction in pollution of the environment and gas emissions by reducing stretch film production. The experiments have been performed following the requirements of EUMOS 40509 and 40511 standards. The proposed method of testing the stability of palletized cargo is based on tests performed on a laboratory test bench using FEF-200 sensors. The results of conducted experiments demonstrated that the selection of a proper stretch film and a cargo wrapping model could significantly reduce the risk of cargo damage through increasing cargo stabilizing forces and, at the same time, reducing stretch film consumption. The developed method can significantly reduce the cost of securing and concurrently assure required cargo security. This directly impacts the safety of all participants in the transport process in supply chains.

This Resource Book reviews the physics opportunities of a next-generation e+e- linear collider and discusses options for the experimental program. Part 4 discusses options for the linear collider program, at a number of levels. First, it presents a broad review of physics beyond the Standard Model, indicating how the linear collider is relevant to each possible pathway. Next, it surveys options for the accelerator and experimental plan, including the questions of the running scenario, the issue of one or two interaction regions, and the options for positron polarization, photon-photon collisions, and e-e- collisions. Finally, it reviews the detector design issues for the linear collider and presents three possible detector designs.

Manufacturers and operators of the logistics market are constantly looking for ways (opportunities) to reduce the costs of their operations. This also applies to all types of packaging. A conflict arises here between manufacturers and carriers. Producers will try to reduce the costs of collective packaging as much as possible (this packaging does not affect customers’ purchasing decisions), while for transport operations, this packaging will determine the safety and quality of transported cargo. Preparing the load for transport - properly selected packaging (its shape, resistance to pressure, etc.), and above all, the proper way of forming and securing PSU (pallet load units) is a very important issue for the manufacturer/sender (as the first link in the distribution chain). It has a huge impact on the formation of cargo damage during its transport. As part of the research conducted by the authors in the area of optimization of cargo securing costs and minimization of cargo damage, the lack of a systemic approach to the problem of cargo damage in road transport was observed. The article discusses the causes of damage to palletized loads during road transport and illustrates some of these damages. Identification of the causes of damage made it possible to classify damage to palletized loads, and in the future, it will allow the development of ways to limit them, the so-called good practices for securing palletized loads.

Cargo damage in extreme situations may threaten the safety of people participating in the further stages of the transport task in the distribution chain. Regardless of this, the damage also affects the unplanned extension of the delivery time or even prevents its further execution. The final and inevitable consequence is unplanned additional costs that will be charged to the shipper preparing the cargo for shipment. Additional costs will be incurred, direct (materials for repackaging and load securing, fuel, tolls, insurance) and indirect costs (carbon footprint of the materials produced and the fuel used by vehicles, increased traffic congestion, and the safety of road users). Their consequence will be an unnecessary increase in the pollution of the natural human environment. The article presents the classification of damage to palletised loads. The correctness of the proposed classification was to be achieved by analysing the results of surveys and broadly understood consultations with business entities dealing with the damage to palletised loads daily. The small number of completed questionnaires indicates the need to develop a new, less detailed questionnaire and a possible simplification of the proposed classification of damage to palletised loads. Based on the numerous discussions and meetings held during the consultations regarding the quantity and quality of cargo damage, it can be concluded that this is a very complex, sensitive topic. Literature review studies can confirm it, including industry studies and published statistical data. It is practically difficult to determine the size of damage to palletised loads in road transport. The proposed classification of damage to palletised loads allows for the definition of dangers, difficulties and, consequently, direct and indirect costs of transport, which can be remedied, and certainly significantly reduced. Minimising damaged and destroyed loads result in both a reduction of the direct costs of damaged products and a secondary reduction in the consumption of natural resources of the environment necessary to re-manufacture damaged or destroyed products. It also contributes to reducing the carbon footprint, an important issue, especially nowadays.

Several proposals are being developed around the world for an e+e- linear collider with an initial center of mass energy of 500 GeV. In this paper, we will discuss why a project of this type deserves priority as the next major initiative in high energy physics.

Vector Boson Scattering (VBS) processes are regarded as the best lab to study the VVVV quartic couplings, where V = W, Z.Such studies are carried in the framework of Effective Field Theories (EFT), but the EFT formalism is often not used in a fully consistent way.We discuss the limitations of the EFT approach to describe New Physics effects in VBS data.We argue that the "clipping" technique is the most theory-motivated way to do data analysis in the EFT language and discuss first results from an analysis of CMS Run 2 data on the W Z and same-sign WW process, with and without "clipping" implemented.

We report on a study of the physics potential of linear $e^+e^-$ colliders. Although a linear collider (LC) would support a broad physics program, we focus on the contributions that could help elucidate the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking. Many extensions of the standard model have a decoupling limit, with a Higgs boson similar to the standard one and other, higher-mass states. Mindful of such possibilities, we survey the physics of a (nearly) standard Higgs boson, as a function of its mass. We also review how measurements from an LC could help verify several well-motivated extensions of the standard model. For supersymmetry, we compare the strengths of an LC with the LHC. Also, assuming the lightest superpartner explains the missing dark matter in the universe, we examine other places to search for a signal of supersymmetry. We compare the signatures of several scenarios with extra spatial dimensions. We also explore the possibility that the Higgs is a composite, concentrating on models that (unlike technicolor) have a Higgs boson with mass of a few hundred GeV or less. Where appropriate, we mention the importance of high luminosity, for example to measure branching ratios of the Higgs, and the importance of multi-TeV energies, for example to explore the full spectrum of superpartners.

The choice of means of transport (selection of the type / branch of transport, size and number of means of transport) allows to limit the costs of transport operations to principals, which constitute a significant share of the price of the offered products. It also allows rationally adjusting the time and frequency of deliveries according to the expectations of the clients. The choice of transport technology (means of transport) was made in the aspect of transport commodality in the selected logistics chain, taking into account the existing connections between the points of cargo dispatch and collection, and existing transhipment points (logistics centers) and multi-level distribution. The article presents a method of selecting transport technology (selection of different types of external transport used in various transport modes and various types of internal transport) to carry out a given transport task in a selected logistics chain. The method allows to determine such a plan (determining the order of transport operations using properly selected means of transport), for which the total cost / time of transport is minimal.

Study ofChaudhary, Geetanjali discovery potential of newKalinowski, Jan physics in the Effective Field Theory (EFT) frameworkKaur, Manjit for the same-sign WW Vector Boson Scattering (VBS) processKozów, Paweł at the High-Luminosity (HL) andSandeep, Kaur High-Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC) is doneSzleper, Michał. We focus on purely leptonicTkaczyk, Sławomir decays of the W and as a final state in proton-proton collisions, look for $$pp \rightarrow 2jets$$ + $$W^{+}W^{+}$$ $$\rightarrow j j l^{+} \nu l^{'+} \nu ^{'}$$ decay at the LHC and the WW invariant mass cannot be determined experimentally. We study the effect of a single dim-8 operator that alters WWWW quartic gauge coupling and for hints of new physics, we look for the deviations from the Standard Model case. Work at 27 TeV at HE-LHC is reported for both positive and negative values of operators and is compared with previously done work at 14 TeV with 3 $$ab^{-1}$$ luminosity. In this paper, we present comparison results for two dim-8 operators. It is observed that discovery regions for the individual dim-8 operators at HE-LHC shift to lower values of the Wilson coefficients but the overall discovery potential does not get significantly enhanced.

In recent years, electric and hybrid vehicles have taken more and more attention due to their apparent advantages in saving fuel resources and reducing harmful emissions into the environment. Even though electric vehicles can solve the ecological problem, their operation is faced with a number of inconveniences associated with a limited driving distance from a single charge due to limited storage of energy from an independent power source and a lack of the required service and repair infrastructure. In hybrid and electric vehicles one of the main parameters is the curb weight, which affects energy consumption, vehicle speed, stability, controllability and maneuverability. In this regard, leading car manufacturers use parts with a low specific weight (non-metallic, aluminum alloys, etc.) in the design and also exclude some units from the design. Due to these technical solutions, the vehicle's operating is improved. One of the groups of parameters to be defined when designing a new electric vehicle is the parameters relating to the electric motor. The purpose of the article is determination of the mechanical characteristics of a two-rotor electric motor during magnetic flux control and assessment of the possibility of organizing the drive of the drive wheels of the vehicle. The electric motor has two mechanically independent outputs. For the study, an electrical equivalent diagram has been developed for the given two-rotor electric motor. A simulation model of the equivalent diagram has been built. Simulating the interaction processes of the rotors with the stator made it possible to obtain data for building the mechanical characteristics for each output of the electric motor. Analysis and processing of the mechanical characteristics data of the electric motors showed the conformity and the range of changes in the torque on each of the rotors when changing their slip and revolution, which are required when building algorithms for the operation of electric motor control systems as part of drives for various purposes. Analysis of the simulation results made it possible to assess the possibility of using the considered two-rotor electric motor for the drive of drive wheels in an electric and hybrid wheeled vehicle.

A new front-end electronics hybrid with a flexible kapton substrate was developed for a silicon microstrip vertex detector. The hybrid showed a noise contribution which is estimated to be 1/35th of a minimum ionizing particle signal. Material thickness of the hybrid is 0.7% of a radiation length. The hybrid front-end electronics was operated in a dead-time-less, analog-pipe-line mode.

Data on fast protons and antiprotons produced byπ ± incident on hydrogen and nuclear targets at 30 GeV/c are presented. The results covering the kinematic range 0.32<x F <0.54 andp T >0.2 GeV/c, complete our previous paper. We give results on inclusive cross-sections as a function ofx F , ofp T 2 and on cross-section ratios. A search for effects of nuclear matter on the production of protons and antiprotons has yielded no major effects beyond final state absorption.