S. Sen

A new type of ring-imaging Cherenkov detector is being used for hadronic particle identification in the BaBar experiment at the SLAC B Factory (PEP-II). This detector is called DIRC, an acronym for Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov (Light). This paper will discuss the construction, operation and performance of the BaBar DIRC in detail.

The giant dipole resonance built on excited states was studied in $^{110}$,112Sn nuclei at excitation energies of 62, 80, 110, and 130 MeV, by measuring \ensuremath{\gamma} rays following heavy ion fusion reactions $^{16}$O${+\mathrm{}}^{94}$Mo and $^{19}$F${+\mathrm{}}^{93}$Nb. The energy of the dipole resonance was found to be 14.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 MeV independent of excitation energy. This value is approximately 1 MeV below the extrapolated ground state value. The width increases almost quadratically from 6.7 MeV at 62 MeV to 10.8 MeV at 130 MeV. This agrees qualitatively with a theoretical prediction that the increase in width for these nuclei is mainly due to an averaging of strength functions over various oblate shapes induced at high spin and temperature. The sensitivity to the isovector quadrupole vibration was found to be small even at the highest excitation energy. No convincing conclusion could be made for its existence in these Sn nuclei.

The principles of the DiRC ring imaging Čherenkov technique are briefly explained and its choice for the BaBar detector particle identification system is motivated. A large scale prototype of the DIRC for the BaBar experiment is then described. Details of the design of this prototype and its test in a hadronic particle beam at the CERN-PS are presented, and results from various prototype and test configurations are given. For example, after correcting for geometrical acceptance and estimated collection effects, the number of photoelectrons was measured to be 146 ± 1.8 ± 9 cm−1, for a track angle of 20° at zero photon transmission distance. The effective attenuation loss was measured to be 4.1 ± 0.7% per meter of bar length, and the observed single photon resolution was 10.0 ± 0.2 mrad. This performance is consistent with what was expected from earlier tests and Monte Carlo simulations, and will be fully adequate for the physics demands of the BaBar experiment.

The production of neutral pions has been studied in reactions of 35 MeV/nucleon $^{14}$N${+\mathrm{}}^{27}$Al,Ni,W and 25 MeV/nucleon $^{16}$O${+\mathrm{}}^{27}$Al,Ni. Inclusive pion differential distributions d\ensuremath{\sigma}/${\mathrm{dT}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, d\ensuremath{\sigma}/d\ensuremath{\Omega}, d\ensuremath{\sigma}/dy, d\ensuremath{\sigma}/${\mathrm{dp}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$, and ${d}^{2}$\ensuremath{\sigma}/dy ${\mathrm{dp}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ have been measured by detecting the two pion-decay \ensuremath{\gamma} rays in a setup of 20 lead glass C\ifmmode \check{}\else \v{}\fi{}erenkov detector telescopes. Special care was taken to understand and suppress background events. Effects of pion reabsorption are discussed and it is found that the cross sections presented here are substantially affected by such final state interactions. The comparatively large experimental cross sections and the shape of the spectral distributions cannot be accounted for in single nucleon-nucleon collision or statistical models; they rather call for a coherent pion production mechanism.

A dedicated particle identification system based on the Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov (DIRC) light will be used in the BaBar detector. We provide an overview of the DIRC concept, design, and expected performance of the production device and a status report on its construction and commissioning. The DIRC is expected to be operating in the BaBar detector on beam line at the PEP-II B Factory in late spring 1999.

We report the observation of the giant dipole resonance in Pb nuclei near A\ensuremath{\sim}200 at excitation energies of 66, 88, and 103 MeV and with average angular momenta of 25\ensuremath{\Elzxh} to 44\ensuremath{\Elzxh}. The fits to the dipole strength distribution require two components indicating a strongly deformed nuclear shape. Using width parameters consistent with the ground-state systematics of heavy deformed nuclei gives ${E}_{1}$=11.9 MeV, ${E}_{2}$apeq215.6 MeV, and prolate deformation with \ensuremath{\beta}apeq20.3. These results are compared with a prediction for superdeformed shapes in $^{196}\mathrm{Pb}$ at L=30\ensuremath{\Elzxh}.

Design/methodology/approach This research evaluated the databases of SQL, No-SQL and graph databases to compare and contrast efficiency and performance. To perform this experiment the data were collected from multiple sources including stock price and financial news. Python is used as an interface to connect and query databases (to create database structures according to the feed file structure, to load data into tables, objects, to read data , to connect PostgreSQL, ElasticSearch, Neo4j. Purpose Modern applications of LLM (Large language model) including RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) with Machine Learning, deep learning, NLP (natural language processing) or Decision Analytics are computationally expensive. Finding a better option to consume less resources and time to get the result. Findings The Graph database of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) is comparatively better and can be considered for extended analytics to integrate ESG in business and investment. Practical implications A graph ML with a RAG architecture model can be introduced as a new framework with less computationally expensive LLM application in the equity filtering process for portfolio management. Originality/value Filtering out selective stocks out of two thousand or more listed companies in any stock exchange for active investment, consuming less resource consumption especially memory and energy to integrate artificial intelligence and ESG in business and investment.

The 7Li+12C and 7Li+13C reactions have been studied at incident energies below and around the Coulomb barrier, by the measurement of cross sections for the characteristic γ-rays emitted from the residual nuclei. Statistical model calculations of the decay of the compound nucleus have been used to deduce the absolute cross sections for different channels and to obtain the total fusion cross sections. There is no evidence for fusion cross section limitations for these systems at energies near the Coulomb barrier as observed in an earlier experiment.

The shape evolution of $^{160}\mathrm{Er}$ at high excitation energies was studied by measuring the giant dipole resonance following the heavy ion fusion reaction $^{19}$F${+}^{141}$Pr at excitation energies of 59.2, 61.2, 74.3, and 90.3 MeV. The data analysis yields prolate, oblate, and triaxial solutions and without theoretical systematics none of them can be ruled out. Detailed comparison with theoretical predictions favor the prolate solution with a deformation decreasing from \ensuremath{\beta}=0.28 at 59.2 MeV to 0.24 at 90.3 MeV. No phase transition from a prolate to an oblate deformation was found in the temperature range (T\ensuremath{\sim}1.1--1.5 MeV) covered by this experiment.

The Clover detectors in their addback mode are excellent tools for detecting high-energy gamma rays (⩾2MeV). The characteristics of these detectors, at energies above 2MeV, are usually determined from simulation data or from extrapolation of the empirical data. This is the first time that the characteristics of a Compton suppressed Clover germanium detector have been studied up to 5MeV using a radioactive 66Ga (T1/2=9.41h) source.

With short resumes and highlights the discussions in the different working groups of the workshop MPI@LHC 2012 is documented.

Abstract What is the luminosity needed for discovering new physics if the electroweak scale is to remain stable? In this work we study this question, with the pertinent example of a real singlet scalar which couples to the Higgs field at the renormalizable level. Observing that the electroweak scale remains stable if the two scalars couple in a see-sawic fashion through a mass-degeneracy-driven unification linkup among quartic couplings at a given scale, we show by detailed simulation studies of the $$pp\rightarrow (\mathrm{singlet\ scalar}) \rightarrow Z Z \rightarrow 4\ell $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>singlet</mml:mi> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mi>scalar</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> channel that the HL-LHC, which is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity of $$3~\mathrm{ab^{-1}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mspace /> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ab</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , has no significant excess of signal over the background in the 800–2000 GeV mass range. The FCC-hh, on the other hand, can discover scalars up to a mass of 870 GeV with an integrated luminosity $$20~\mathrm{ab^{-1}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> <mml:mspace /> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ab</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Observation at $$3\sigma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (discovery at $$5\sigma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) of a new scalar with a minimum mass 800 GeV requires at least $$2~\mathrm{ab^{-1}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mspace /> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ab</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ( $$5.2~\mathrm{ab^{-1}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5.2</mml:mn> <mml:mspace /> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ab</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) integrated luminosity, showing that the new physics that does not destabilize the electroweak scale is accessible only at very high luminosities, and can be tested already in the early stages of the FCC-hh operation period.

Outbreak of Sarcoptes scabiei in animals spilling over to man in close association was observed in two adjacent villages, Fewgram and Nurpur in the district of Birbhum, West Bengal, from mid-November to mid-December, 1991. Nineteen goats and one calf who did not receive any treatment died of sarcoptic manage. All infected animals got cured with external application of deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid and triazapentadiene. Human cases were treated successfully with benzene hexachloride (2%).

The DIRC is a new type of Cherenkov imaging device that will be used for the first time in the BABAR detector at the asymmetric B-factory, PEP-II.It is based on total internal reflection and uses long, rectangular bars made from synthetic fused silica as Cherenkov radiator and light guide.The principles of the DIRC ring imaging Cherenkov technique are explained and results from the prototype program are presented.Its choice for the BABAR detector particle identification system is motivated, followed by a discussion of the quartz radiator properties and the detector design.

The DIRC, a new type of ring-imaging Cherenkov detector that images internally reflected Cherenkov light, is being constructed as the main hadronic particle identification component of the BABAR detector at SLAC. The device makes use of 5 meter long fused silica (colloquially called quartz) bars, which serve both as the Cherenkov radiators and as light pipes for transmitting the light to an array of photo-multiplier tubes. This paper describes a program of research and development aimed at determining whether bars that meet the stringent requirements of the DIRC can be obtained from commercial sources. The results of studies of bulk absorption of fused silica, surface finish, radiation damage and bulk inhomogeneities are discussed.

A previous measurement of the giant dipole resonance in Pb isotopes at an excitation energy of 68.5 MeV has been repeated at a lower excitation of 57.6 MeV with a mean spin of 14\ensuremath{\Elzxh}. The large deformation observed at 68.5 MeV persists down to this low excitation energy and spin. A transition from the spherical ground state shape to the deformed excited state shape in a spin range 13--17 \ensuremath{\Elzxh} is needed to fit the data with a consistent description of the giant resonance.

Two new CMS PYTHIA8 tunes, CP5-CR1 and CP5-CR2, obtained respectively for the quantum chromodynamics-inspired and gluon-move color reconnection (CR) models in PYTHIA8, are introduced. In addition, the uncertainty on the top quark mass due to CR effects, calculated with the new tunes, is presented.

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and amplification have been considered as a therapeutic and prognostic target in a quantity of tumors although conflicting data exist about the incidence and clinical consequence of HER2/neu status in the patients. The growth risk of bladder cancer is age dependent. In general, adolescent and young adults tend to develop well differentiated non-invasive, rather than invasive bladder cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the Immunohistochemical study of HER-2/NEU Expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma and its correction with histopathological Grade. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Patients with paraffin blocks of urinary bladder tissue which were histologically diagnosed as urothelial carcinoma at the Department of Pathology, BIRDEM and other private laboratories were included in our study during the period of January 2016 to December 2018. Results: This study shows that, a total of 56 histologically diagnosed cases of urothelial carcinoma were included. There were 34 cases (60.7%) of high grade and 22 cases (39.3%) of low-grade urothelial carcinomas. The age of the patient ranged from 23 years to 98 years (mean 66.34±15.3 years). Majority of patients (50.98 %) belonged to 61 to 80 years age group. High grade tumors were predominantly seen at an older age. There were 42 males (75.0%) and 14 females (25.0 %) with a male to female ratio of 3:1. Conclusions: Significant correlation in expression of HER-2/Neu was found with grading of urothelial carcinoma. A positive HER-2 status is associated with aggressive urothelial carcinoma and provides independent prognostic information for urothelial carcinoma recurrence and mortality.

In proton-proton (pp) collisions, any process involves exchanging the vacuum quantum numbers is known as diffractive process. A diffractive process with no large<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>is called soft diffractive process. The diffractive processes are important for understanding nonperturbative QCD effects and they also constitute a significant fraction of the total pp cross section. The diffractive events are typically characterized by a region of the detector without particles, known as a rapidity gap. In order to observe diffractive events in this way, we consider the pseudorapidity acceptance in the forward region of the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and discuss the methods to select soft diffractive dissociation for pp collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">7</mml:mn></mml:math> TeV. It is shown that, in the limited detector rapidity acceptance, it is possible to select diffractive dissociation events by requiring a rapidity gap in the event; however, without using forward detectors, it seems not possible to fully separate single and double diffractive dissociation events. The Zero Degree Calorimeters can be used to distinguish the type of the diffractive processes up to a certain extent.

Hypotheses like continental drift, plate tectonics or Earth’s expansion should not be considered as viable in view of solid and rigid state of mantle which, in contrast, would resist such phenomena. Based on Hilgenberg’s model of Earth’s expansion (1933), the author elucidates that before expansion when the Earth was small and devoid of oceans, its mantle must have been sufficiently fluid owing to association of ocean-forming water. Further, matching thickness of fluid outer core and extent of radial expansion of the Earth strongly support that the outer core was opened up as a void geosphere owing to planetary expansion. At the deep interior of the planet, owing to occurrence of a void or pseudo-fluid geosphere separating basaltic mantle and solid iron core, an additional force of reverse gravity would develop acting in opposite direction of normal inwardly directed force of gravity. This postulation leads us to consider that in the deep interior of the planet an upwardly directed force of gravitational attraction would act in a predominant manner, thereby sustaining sufficiently low temperature and pressure condition and magnetic nature of the inner core which completely agrees with observed features of terrestrial magnetism. Over the Earth’s surface the crustal layer was fragmented due to expansion while through the expansion cracks widespread incidences of magma emission occurred forming rudimentary ocean basins. With further expansion, these basins were expanded and filled up with water that degassed from the mantle associated with the process of magma emission while owing to desiccation, the mantle itself eventually turned into a rigid body. Before expansion of the planet when the iron core and the mantle were juxtaposed to each other, due to external magnetic influence the magnetic iron core was deflected causing major change in polar and equatorial disposition of the planet. Subsequently in younger geological period when due to expansion a major void geosphere was opened up between the iron core and mantle, external magnetic influences caused the magnetic core to execute smooth revolutions giving rise to new magnetic phenomena like pole reversal and polar wandering, documented over the planet’s younger strata. It may be noted that while due to expansion, the continental fragments would tend to move away from one another, owing to rotation of the planet along its axis of rotation some continental fragments came closer to each other or even collided to form mountain ranges.

An outbreak of Sarcoptes scabiei in animals was observed from mid-November 1991 to mid-December 1991 in two adjacent villages, Fewgram and Nurpur, in Birbhum District, West Bengal State, India, starting from goats to cattle, then to sheep and even to dogs. Nineteen goats and one cattle died of manage infection. The infection spread to man in the last week of December 1991, and affected forty-two human beings, tending and rearing animals. The animals treated with deltamenthrin (synthetic pyrethroid) and amitraz (triazapentadiene) were completely cured. In man, the disease seemed to be self-limited in some cases and 2% hexachlorobenzene was successfully used for treatment of the others. The outbreak was effectively controlled in March 1992.

The total capture cross section for the system $^{32}\mathrm{S}$${+}^{238}$U has been measured at energies from 0.93 to 1.08 times the s-wave interaction barrier by detecting coincident fission fragments following full momentum transfer reactions. The subbarrier cross section cannot be reproduced by a one-dimensional barrier penetration model. Using a quantum mechanical coupled channels model, good agreement is obtained. The measured angular distributions of fission fragments were compared to the predictions of saddle and scission point transition state theory. Saddle point transition state model calculations fail to reproduce the data, while scission point transition state calculations are in agreement with their qualitative trend. Evidence for nonequilibrium processes is presented.

Diffractive events at hadron colliders are typically characterised by a region of the detector without particles, known as a rapidity gap. In order to observe diffractive events in this way, we consider the pseudorapidity acceptance in the forward region of the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and discuss the methods to select soft diffractive dissociation for pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. We showed that in the limited detector rapidity acceptance, it is possible to select diffractive dissociated events by requiring a rapidity gap in the event, however, it is not possible to distinguish single diffractive dissociated events from double diffractive dissociated events with a low diffractive mass.

We present recent forward and diffractive physics results from ATLAS and CMS experiments. Mainly, the physics results on diffraction, underlying event at forward rapidity and forward jets measurements are discussed. Also, using the combined CMS and TOTEM detectors, we show the first event candidate for central jets production with two leading protons detected in the TOTEM Roman Pot stations.

With short resumes and highlights the discussions in the different working groups of the workshop MPI@LHC 2012 is documented.

Recent results from the Front-End electronics of the Detector of Internally Reflected Cerenkov light (DIRC) for the BaBar experiment at SLAC (Stanford, USA) are presented. It measures to better than 1 ns the arrival time of Cerenkov photoelectrons detected in a 11000 phototubes array and their amplitude spectra. It mainly comprises 64-channel DIRC Front-End Boards (DFB) equipped with eight full-custom analog chips performing zero-cross discrimination with 2 mV threshold and pulse shaping, four full-custom digital time to digital chips (TDC) for timing measurements with 500 ps binning and a readout logic selecting hits in the trigger window, and DIRC Crate Controller cards (DCC) serializing the data collected front up to 16 DFBs onto a 1.2 Gb/s optical link. Extensive test results of the pre-production chips are presented, as well as system tests.

Two cytotypes of Scilla indica and three other species, namely S. nervosa, S. siberica and S. vindobonensis were investigated. The estimation of nuclear DNA content was utilized as a measure of genetic diversity at inter- and intraspecific levels and as an index of the trends of evolution. S. siberica with a very high DNA value was regarded as indicative of a primitive state. The heavy intraspecific difference in DNA content in S. indica has been attributed to amplification of the DNA.

An infertile female aged 34 years was admitted with an abdominopelvic lump of 16 weeks size. On laparotomy innumerable nodular seedlings, in addition to uterine fibroid, simulating disseminated intra-abdominal malignancy were found. Histopathology of removed specimen of uterus and omentum revealed leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata.

A measurement is presented for the energy flow of minimum bias events in the forward region (3.15 <|\eta |< 4.9, where \eta is the pseudorapidity) of the CMS detector at the LHC for center-of-mass energies sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV, 2.36 TeV and 7 TeV. The measurement is compared to Monte Carlo simulations, which use a model of multiparton interactions for the underlying event. In addition, production of forward jets was studied for the very first pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV at LHC.

A measurement is presented for the energy flow of minimum bias events in the forward region (3.15 <|\eta |< 4.9, where \eta is the pseudorapidity) of the CMS detector at the LHC for center-of-mass energies sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV, 2.36 TeV and 7 TeV. The measurement is compared to Monte Carlo simulations, which use a model of multiparton interactions for the underlying event. In addition, production of forward jets was studied for the very first pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV at LHC.

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, has several forward subdetectors, consisting of calorimeters close to the beam pipe, that complement the central part of CMS, which covers a pseudorapidity range |η|<3. The TOTEM experiment, installed around the same interaction point as CMS, is tailored for diffractive measurements. CMS and TOTEM have strengthened their collaboration on a common project to achieve maximum forward acceptance and to perform measurements at full LHC luminosity.

Recent forward physics measurements performed with the CMS detector at the LHC are reviewed. The measurements of the pseudorapidity dependence of the energy and transverse energy density, inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction, and the very forward inclusive jet cross sections are presented. The results are also compared to the predictions of various models used to describe high energy hadronic interactions.

ABSTRACT POU domain class 2 homebox 1 (POU2F1) is largely known for its transcription factor(TF) activity. Due to its association with different types of malignancies, POU2F1 becomes one of the key factors in pan-cancer analysis. However, in spite of understanding it as a potential drug target, none of the drug has been designed till date due to its extreme dynamicity. In this article, we have proposed a three fold comprehensive framework for understanding the structural conservation and co-variation of POU2F1. Firstly, a gene regulatory network based non-pathogenic and pathogenic study have been performed to understand the strong association between cancers and POU2F1. After that, based on evolutionary sequence space study, the comparative sequential dynamicity of the protein members of POU domain family has been observed mostly between non-human and human samples. Subsequently, the reciprocity effect of the residual co-variation has been identified through direct coupling analysis. Along with that, the structure of POU2F1 has been analysed depending on quality assessment and normal mode based structure network. Comparing the sequence and structure space information, the most significant set of residue viz., 3, 9, 13, 17, 20, 21, 28, 35, 36 have been identified as structural facet for stable binding. It is observed that targeting these residues can help to prevent the monomeric aggregations. This study demonstrates-the observed malleability of POU2F1 is one of the prime reason behind its functional multiplicity in terms of protein moonlighting. SIGNIFICANCE POU2F1 is one of the important TFs associated with several malignancies. In spite of orderly stable structure in primitive family proteins, this protein is highly unstable at the monomeric stage. Previous studies show that POU2F1 has a clear association with 121 different diseases. Therefore, it becomes one of the important links in the pan-cancer study. Interestingly, TFs can be considered as a potential drug target. However, it is hardly possible to control the extreme dynamicity of TFs. In this regard, protein moonlighting plays an important role. We have tried to provide a theoretical frame to build understanding on POU2F1. The study provides pathogenic and non-pathogenic connections of the protein in terms of comprehensive and precise Gene Regulatory Network. Subsequently, the instability has been unveiled and the structural facet has been identified. Finally, the specified set of function for a suitable session to target the protein is analyzed based on protein moonlighting properties.

Alzheimer’s Diseases (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, but efficient therapeutic and early diagnosis agents for this neurological disorder are still lacking. Herein, we report the development of a novel amphiphilic compound, LS-4, generated linking a hydrophobic amyloid fibril-binding fragment with a hydrophilic azamacrocycle that can dramatically increase the binding affinity towards various amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregates. The developed compound exhibits uncommon fluorescence turn-on and high binding affinity for Aβ aggregates, especially for soluble Aβ oligomers. Moreover, upon the administration of LS-4 to 5xFAD mice, fluorescence imaging of the LS-4-treated brain sections reveals that LS-4 can readily penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and bind to the Aβ oligomers in vivo , as confirmed by immunostaining with an Aβ oligomer-specific antibody. In addition, the treatment of 5xFAD mice with LS-4 significantly reduces the amount of both amyloid plaques and associated phosphorylated tau (p-tau) aggregates vs. the vehicle-treated 5xFAD mice, while microglia activation is also reduced. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the observation that introducing a hydrophilic moiety into the molecular structure can significantly enhance the electrostatic interactions with the polar residues of the Aβ peptide species. Finally, taking advantage of the strong Cu-chelating property of the azamacrocycle, we performed a series of radioimaging and biodistribution studies that show the 64 Cu-LS-4 complex binds to the amyloid plaques and can accumulate a significantly larger extent in the 5xFAD mice brains vs. the WT controls. Overall, these in vitro and in vivo studies illustrate that the novel strategy to employ an amphiphilic molecule containing a hydrophilic fragment attached to a hydrophobic amyloid fibril-binding fragment can increase the binding affinity of these compounds for the soluble Aβ oligomers and can thus be used to detect and regulate the soluble Aβ species in AD.

A scanning electron microscopic study of trichome morphology of bean embryo, growing in semi-solid synthetic medium, has been undertaken. The work shows some distinct differences in trichome morphology as well as variation in their development, due to the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).

We present the Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector in the endcap regions of the SLD detector and report on initial performance during the 1993 and 1994 runs at the SLC. The endcap CRID was completed and commissioned in 1993 and is fully operational for the 1994 run. First Cherenkov rings have been observed. The endcap CRID detectors and fluid systems are described and initial operational experience is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A mini-TPC has been developed for use in PEP-II B-factory beam commissioning and background studies relevant for the BaBar detector. Installed near the intersecting region of the two beams, it has the capability to measure intensities, origins and composition of background particles coming from the e+/e− beams which produce charged tracks in its volume.

We present the Cherenkov ring imaging detector in the endcap regions of the SLD detector and report initial performance. The endcap CRID was completed and commissioned in 1993 and is fully operational for the 1994 run. First Cherenkov rings have been observed. The endcap CRID detectors and fluid systems are described and initial operational experience is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Basic protein factor I (BPFI was purified to homogeneity from bovine brain by boiling and trichloroacetic acid-precipitation of tissue homogenate, followed by DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-150, Affi-Gel-phenothiazine, and Bio-Gel P-6DG chromatographic procedures. The preparation appeared as a single protein band in the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a minimal Mr of 13,200. The factor was a basic protein as indicated by an estimated isoelectric point of pH 8.3 and a high content of amino acids including arginine, histidine, lysine and others. In the absence of Mn2+, the factor stimulated the phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPase) from rabbit brains. Unlike histones or protamine, the factor was a poor substrate for megamodulin-dependent protein kinase. In addition, the factor did not interact significantly with E. coli megamodulin.

Securitization began in the 1980s with mortgage payments, auto loans, and credit card debt being pooled and used as collateral for securities offerings. More recently, healthcare providers have securitized accounts receivables to obtain low-cost, off-balance-sheet financing. As the need to both raise capital and contain costs grows in health care, providers likely will make increased use of this financing method.