Simone Paoletti

We report on the construction and test of a lead-scintillating fiber (spaghetti) calorimeter built to fill the gap between endcaps and barrel in the L3 BGO detector. Results from test-beam, as well as MC simulations for the prototypes and for the full detector, are presented.

Further tests of lead tungstate crystal matrices made in high-energy electron beams in 1996, using new crystals, new APDs and an improved test setup confirm that an energy resolution of better than 0.6% at 100 GeV can be obtained when the longitudinal uniformity of the struck crystal is adequate. Light loss measurements under low dose irradiation are reported. It is shown that there is no loss of energy resolution after irradiation and it is demonstrated that the calibration change due to light loss can be tracked with a precision monitoring system. Successful tests with a preshower device, equipped with a silicon strip detector readout, are also described.

We report on measurements of mass and total decay width of the W boson and of triple-gauge-boson couplings, γWW and ZWW, with the L3 detector at LEP. W-pair events produced in e+e− interactions between 161 GeV and 172GeV centre-of-mass energy are selected in a data sample corresponding to a total luminosity of 21.2 pb−1. The mass and total decay width of the W boson are determined to be MW = 80.75−0.27+0.26(exp.) ± 0.03 (LEP) GeV and ΓW = 1.74−0.78+0.88(stat.) ± 0.25(syst.)GeV, respectively. Limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings, γWW and ZWW, are determined, in particular −1.5 < δZ < 1.9 (95% CL), excluding vanishing ZWW coupling at more than 95% confidence level.

A prototype of the CMS Barrel Muon Detector incorporating all the features of the final chambers was built using the mass production assembly procedures and tools. The performance of this prototype was studied in a muon test beam at CERN and the results obtained are presented in this paper.

Abstract With the increasing shift from STEM to STEAM education, arts-based approaches to science teaching and learning are considered promising for aligning school science curricula with the development of twenty-first century skills, including creativity. Yet the impact of STEAM practices on student creativity and specifically on how the latter is associated with science learning outcomes have thus far received scarce empirical support. This paper contributes to this line of research by reporting on a two-wave quantitative study that examines the effect of a long-term STEAM intervention on two cognitive processes associated with creativity (act, flow) and their interrelationships with intrinsic and extrinsic components of science motivation. Using pre- and post-survey data from 175 high-school students in Italy, results show an overall positive effect of the intervention both on the act subscale of creativity and science career motivation, whereas a negative effect is found on self-efficacy. Gender differences in the above effects are also observed. Further, results provide support for the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between creativity and science career motivation. Implications for the design of STEAM learning environments are discussed.

The power supply system of the silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment provides HV bias and LV power to the 15000 modules of the detector, arranged into 1944 “power groups” and 256 “control rings”. Around 1200 power supply modules, disposed on 29 racks, operate in a “hostile” radiation and magnetic field environment, 10 m away from the beam crossing region. They power the detector through ≃ 50 m long custom-designed “Low Impedance” cables, adopting the sensing wire technique to compensate voltage drops. Detector “power groups” and “control groups” are powered by modules of different architecture, which are fed by 48 V sources, provided by AC-DC converters installed in the racks. This paper reports the experience acquired in the implementation of the system, the rack layout, the grounding scheme, the power budget, the heat dissipation on racks. A comprehensive Quality Assurance program ensured the performance, using a well defined protocol, shared with the board’s manufacturer, for acceptance tests and failure detection.

Abstract The electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment is now entering the construction phase. Consequently the crystal production will soon start. The preproduction phase which started in august 1998, is foreseen to allow for further optimisation of the final crystal production scheme. A general overview about the quality and characteristics of the first large batch of the preproduction crystals will be given and the results will be discussed with respect to the final production requirements needed for high resolution calorimetry for CMS.

ADDRESS (“Active Distribution networks with full integration of Demand and distributed energy RESourceS”) is a 5-year large-scale R&D project [1] launched in June 2008 and ended in May 2013, receiving funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 207643. This project aims to develop a comprehensive commercial and technical framework for the development of “Active Demand” and the market-based exploitation of its benefits. In ADDRESS, “Active Demand” (AD) means the active participation of domestic and small commercial consumers in the electricity markets and in the provision of services to the other electricity system participants. The paper deals with the architecture and the algorithms developed as well as the validation field test and the AD perspectives being, at least from the technical point of view, a reality for the smart grid of the (next) future.

Creativity is something common to many disciplines and is certainly involved in artistic and scientific thought and work.Scientists and artists are asked to see and think beyond the perceivable reality.They can imagine aspects of things and phenomena, which can only be seen from an unusual perspective: they possess vision and creativity.We found it interesting to explore similarities and differences in the way Art and Science move, using the artistic language to talk about science.This is the goal of Art&Science across Italy, an European project organized by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) and CERN: the use of the artistic language to capture the interest in the Science of all students, regardless of their attitude towards scientific subjects or their initial knowledge, in order to represent scientific ideas and research topics through artworks.The artistic tools used by students to communicate Science can be painting, sculpture, photography, filmmaking, storytelling or other artistic languages that can be useful to tell the story they have in mind.The first step of the Art&Science across Italy project is aimed at training students on Science and Art, while in a second phase students are asked to design and implement an artwork inspired at a specific scientific topic, chosen among the ones approached during the first phase.All artworks will take part to a local exhibition, established in either a historical-cultural centre or a museum, in each participating city.The first 10 artworks of each local competition will pass to the national phase.Selected by an international committee of experts (scientists, artists, Science communicators), the winners of the national Art and Science competition will be invited to attend a school on Art and Science at CERN, in Geneva, and in other laboratories in Italy.

The LHC machine is planning an upgrade program which will smoothly bring the instantaneous luminosity to about 5 -7.5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 in 2028, to reach an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb -1 and possibly up to 4500 fb -1 by the end of 2039.This High Luminosity LHC scenario, HL-LHC, will require an upgrade program of the LHC detectors known as Phase-2 upgrade.The current CMS Outer Tracker, already running beyond design specifications, and CMS Pixel Detector will not be able to survive HL-LHC radiation conditions and CMS will need completely new devices, in order to fully exploit the highly demanding conditions and the delivered luminosity.The new Outer Tracker should also have trigger capabilities.To achieve such goals, R&D activities have explored options for both the Outer Tracker and for the Inner Tracker.The solutions developed will allow to include tracking information in the first trigger stage.The design choices for the Tracker upgrades are discussed along with some highlights on technological approaches and R&D activities.

B physics will be one of the key physics themes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this talk, we present the estimated sensitivities of CMS for observing and measuring properties of exclusive final states B→J/Ψ+X during the first LHC running period. Apart from probing the heavy quarks at the LHC center-of-mass energy, these measurements are also important standard candles for upcoming measurements.

Abstract The upgraded CMS tracker for HL-LHC is going to require more than 200 kW power. Two different powering strategies are being adopted for the Inner Tracker and the Outer Tracker. The talk describes the two powering schemes and discusses their intrinsic constrains. Specifications for the powering units and for the cables of the two systems are outlined in combination to preliminary results with prototypes.

Abstract LEP has contributed substantially to our knowledge of B hadrons. Results will be presented on the lifetimes of weakly decaying B hadrons and on B B oscillations; in each case the LEP results are the most precise measurements of these quantities. The first observations of orbitally excited beauty mesons and of Σb and Σ b ∗ baryons, obtained during the past year, will be reviewed. Recent measurements of charmonium production in B decays and searches for Bc will also be presented.

The inclusive χc production in Z decays has been measured by the L3 experiment at LEP, investigating the decay channel χc → J/ψγ with J/ψ → ℓ+ℓ−. The observed χc to J/ψ production ratio is compared to recent quarkonium production models. Searching for Bc± → J/ψℓ±v and Bc± → J/ψπ±(π+π−) decays, upper limits on Bc production in Z decays have been set by the four LEP Collaborations. New limits on B → J/ψη(πo) and B → ℓ+ℓ− decays are also reported.

A lead-scintillating fiber calorimeter has been built to fill the gap between endcap and barrel of the L3 BGO electromagnetic calorimeter. We report details of the construction, as well as results from test-beam and simulation.