Santiago Folgueras

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment prepares its Phase-2 upgrade for the high-luminosity era of the LHC operation (HL-LHC). Due to the increase of occupancy, trigger latency and rates, the full electronics of the CMS Drift Tube (DT) chambers will need to be replaced. In the new design, the time bin for the digitization of the chamber signals will be of around 1 ns, and the totality of the signals will be forwarded asynchronously to the service cavern at full resolution. The new backend system will be in charge of building the trigger primitives of each chamber. These trigger primitives contain the information at chamber level about the muon candidates position, direction, and collision time, and are used as input in the L1 CMS trigger. The added functionalities will improve the robustness of the system against ageing. An algorithm based on analytical solutions for reconstructing the DT trigger primitives, called Analytical Method, has been implemented both as a software C++ emulator and in firmware. Its performance has been estimated using the software emulator with simulated and real data samples, and through hardware implementation tests. Measured efficiencies are 96 to 98% for all qualities and time and spatial resolutions are close to the ultimate performance of the DT chambers. A prototype chain of the HL-LHC electronics using the Analytical Method for trigger primitive generation has been installed during Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC and operated in CMS cosmic data taking campaigns in 2020 and 2021. Results from this validation step, the so-called Slice Test, are presented.

The CMS drift tubes (DT) muon detector, built for withstanding the LHC expected integrated and instantaneous luminosities, will be used also in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) at a 5 times larger instantaneous luminosity and, consequently, much higher levels of radiation, reaching about 10 times the LHC integrated luminosity. Initial irradiation tests of a spare DT chamber at the CERN gamma irradiation facility (GIF++), at large (∼ O(100)) acceleration factor, showed ageing effects resulting in a degradation of the DT cell performance. However, full CMS simulations have shown almost no impact in the muon reconstruction efficiency over the full barrel acceptance and for the full integrated luminosity. A second spare DT chamber was moved inside the GIF++ bunker in October 2017. The chamber was being irradiated at lower acceleration factors, and only 2 out of the 12 layers of the chamber were switched at working voltage when the radioactive source was active, being the other layers in standby. In this way the other non-aged layers are used as reference and as a precise and unbiased telescope of muon tracks for the efficiency computation of the aged layers of the chamber, when set at working voltage for measurements. An integrated dose equivalent to two times the expected integrated luminosity of the HL-LHC run has been absorbed by this second spare DT chamber and the final impact on the muon reconstruction efficiency is under study. Direct inspection of some extracted aged anode wires presented a melted resistive deposition of materials. Investigation on the outgassing of cell materials and of the gas components used at the GIF++ are underway. Strategies to mitigate the ageing effects are also being developed. From the long irradiation measurements of the second spare DT chamber, the effects of radiation in the performance of the DTs expected during the HL-LHC run will be presented.

We present a search for new physics using events with two same-sign isolated leptons with the presence of b-jets in the final state, targetting SUSY scenarios by strong production of squarks and gluinos where the 3rd generation squarks are lighter than other squarks. No excess above the standard model background is observed. The results are interpreted in various SUSY models, and we are able to exclude gluino (sbottom) masses up to 1000 (450) GeV at 95% CL.

During the High Luminosity LHC, the Drift Tube chambers installed in the CMS detector need to operate with an integrated dose ten times higher than expected at the LHC due to the increase in integrated luminosity from 300 fb-1 to 3000 fb-1. Irradiations have been performed to assess the performance of the detector under such conditions and to characterize the radiation aging of the detector. The presented analysis focuses on the behaviour of the high voltage currents and the dose measurements needed to extrapolate the results to High Luminosity conditions, using data from the photon irradiation campaign at GIF++ in 2016 as well as the efficiency analysis from the irradiation campaign started in 2017. Although the single-wire loss of high voltage gain observed of 70% is very high, the muon reconstruction efficiency is expected to decrease less than 20% during the full duration of High Luminosity LHC in the areas under highest irradiation.

A summary of the different searches for weakly produced SUSY by both CMS and ATLAS is presented here. A review on the methodology of these searches, including event selection, background suppression and estimation methods, etc is covered. Other searches at the LHC already probe squarks and gluino masses up to 1.4 TeV, such scenario, may favour electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos, that will produce many-lepton final states accompanied by E$_{\rm T}^{\rm miss}\,$ and very little hadronic activity. Latest searches include Higgs boson in the decay and exploits VBF associated production to probe scenarios with very small mass splittings.

A search for new physics is performed based on events with jets and a pair of isolated, same-sign leptons. The results are obtained using a sample of proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns. In order to be sensitive to a wide variety of possible signals beyond the standard model, multiple search regions defined by the missing transverse energy, the hadronic energy, the number of jets and b-quark jets. No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed and constraints are set on a number of models for new physics.

Searches for the direct electroweak production of supersymmetric charginos and neutralinos are presented in signatures with one, two or more leptons.Results are based on a sample of protonproton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy p s = 13 TeV with the CMS detector in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 fb 1 .The observed event rates are in agreement with expectations from the standard model.These results probe charginos and neutralinos with masses up to 400-1000 GeV depending on the assumed model parameters.

To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will undergo a major upgrade in the coming years, referred to as High Luminosity LHC (HLLHC), aimed to increase its instantaneous luminosity, 5 times larger than the designed limit, and, consequently leading to high levels of radiation, with the goal to collect 10 times larger the original designed integrated luminosity. The drift tube chambers (DT) of CMS muon detector system is built to proficiently measure and trigger on muons in the harsh radiation environment expected during the HL-LHC era. Ageing studies are performed at the CERNs gamma ray irradiation facility (GIF++) by measuring the muon hit efficiency of these detectors at various LHC operation conditions. One such irradiation campaign was started in October 2017, when a spare MB2 chamber moved inside the bunker and irradiated at lower acceleration factors. Two out of twelve layers of the DT chamber were operated while being irradiated with the radioactive source and then their muon hit efficiency was calculated in coincidence with other ten layers which were kept on the standby. The chamber absorbed an integrated dose equivalent to two times the expected integrated luminosity of the HL-LHC. Investigation on the outgassing of cell materials and of the gas components used at the GIF++ are underway and strategies to mitigate the aging effects are also being developed. The effect of radiation on the performance of DT chamber and its impact on the overall muon reconstruction efficiency expected during the HL-LHC are presented.

The High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN LHC will deliver proton-proton collisions at 14 TeV with instantaneous luminosities up to 7.5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 .The physics program of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment strongly depends on the ability to identify muons at an early trigger stage, over a momentum range spanning from few GeV to the TeV scale.Several upgrades of the muon triggers are foreseen in order to retain such capabilities in view of the the High Luminosity LHC, including the acceptance on electroweak processes and the sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model.With this contribution, we review the current status of the design of highly efficient muon trigger, its architecture, based on state-of-the-art Field Programmable Gate Array processors and O(10) Gbps serial optical links, and the foreseen muon identification algorithms.We discuss the local trigger primitives generation, depending on the new read-out of several detectors, their increased acceptance, and on-line muon reconstruction algorithms, both standalone and with the contribution of the silicon tracker at Level-1.The expected benefits for the High Luminosity LHC physics program are presented as well.