Salvatore Costa

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton LS detector at 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino and astro-particle physics. With 6 years of data, the neutrino mass ordering can be determined at 3-4 sigma and three oscillation parameters can be measured to a precision of 0.6% or better by detecting reactor antineutrinos. With 10 years of data, DSNB could be observed at 3-sigma; a lower limit of the proton lifetime of 8.34e33 years (90% C.L.) can be set by searching for p->nu_bar K^+; detection of solar neutrinos would shed new light on the solar metallicity problem and examine the vacuum-matter transition region. A core-collapse supernova at 10 kpc would lead to ~5000 IBD and ~2000 (300) all-flavor neutrino-proton (electron) scattering events. Geo-neutrinos can be detected with a rate of ~400 events/year. We also summarize the final design of the JUNO detector and the key R&D achievements. All 20-inch PMTs have been tested. The average photon detection efficiency is 28.9% for the 15,000 MCP PMTs and 28.1% for the 5,000 dynode PMTs, higher than the JUNO requirement of 27%. Together with the >20 m attenuation length of LS, we expect a yield of 1345 p.e. per MeV and an effective energy resolution of 3.02%/\sqrt{E (MeV)}$ in simulations. The underwater electronics is designed to have a loss rate <0.5% in 6 years. With degassing membranes and a micro-bubble system, the radon concentration in the 35-kton water pool could be lowered to <10 mBq/m^3. Acrylic panels of radiopurity <0.5 ppt U/Th are produced. The 20-kton LS will be purified onsite. Singles in the fiducial volume can be controlled to ~10 Hz. The JUNO experiment also features a double calorimeter system with 25,600 3-inch PMTs, a LS testing facility OSIRIS, and a near detector TAO.

Using reverse kinematics, we have studied the breakup of 1.0A GeV gold nuclei incident on a carbon target. The detector system permitted exclusive event reconstruction of nearly all charged reaction products. The moments of the resulting charged fragment distribution provide strong evidence that nuclear matter possesses a critical point observable in finite nuclei. We have determined values for the critical exponents γ, β, and τ. These values are close to those for liquid-gas systems and clearly different than those for 3D percolation and the liquid-gas mean field limit.Received 20 May 1994DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1590©1994 American Physical Society

A bstract We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems, we demonstrate that the JUNO central detector can achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, required by the neutrino mass ordering determination.

An exclusive study of the interaction of 1A GeV Au with C shows a separability into two stages: a prompt stage involving emission of most Z=1 and some Z=2 particles and a second stage involving the decay of an equilibrated remnant, which typically undergoes multifragmentation. The mean mass, charge, excitation energy, and the initial temperature Ti of the remnant have been determined as a function of the total charge multiplicity, m, as has the freeze-out temperature Tf. Both Ti and Tf increase linearly with m and their values at the critical point have been determined. Tf rises monotonically with excitation energy as expected for a continuous phase transition.Received 15 March 1996DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.235©1996 American Physical Society

To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB.

Abstract The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for <?CDATA $ ^8 $?> B solar neutrino measurements, such as its low-energy threshold, high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors, and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator detectors. In this paper, we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting <?CDATA $ ^8 $?> B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable, assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background <?CDATA $ ^{238} $?> U and <?CDATA $ ^{232} $?> Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10 <?CDATA $ ^{-17} $?> g/g. With ten years of data acquisition, approximately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected. This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter, which will shed new light on the inconsistency between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework. If <?CDATA $ \Delta m^{2}_{21} = 4.8\times10^{-5}\; (7.5\times10^{-5}) $?> eV <?CDATA $ ^{2} $?> , JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at approximately the 3 <?CDATA $ \sigma $?> (2 <?CDATA $ \sigma $?> ) level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle. Moreover, JUNO can simultaneously measure <?CDATA $ \Delta m^2_{21} $?> using <?CDATA $ ^8 $?> B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20% or better, depending on the central value, and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos. A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help understand the current mild inconsistency between the value of <?CDATA $ \Delta m^2_{21} $?> reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.

Exclusive measurements have been made of Au +Au reactions with beam energies ranging from 0.25 A to 1.15 A GeV. We present measurements of directed collective flow averaged over all light fragments with masses up to alphas, as well as separate measurements for protons, deuterons, tritons, 3He, 4He, and Li. The results show a strong increase of the directed flow with fragment mass at all energies measured. Experimental results are compared with a quantum molecular dynamics model. We find that neither the "soft" nor the "hard" equation of state can describe the data over the entire range of beam energies.Received 27 October 1994DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2100©1995 American Physical Society

A systematic study of energy spectra for light particles emitted at midrapidity from Au+Au collisions at E=0.25-1.15A GeV reveals a significant non-thermal component consistent with a collective radial flow.This component is evaluated as a function of bombarding energy and event centrality.Comparisons to Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) and Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) models are made for different equations of state.

Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next generation liquid scintillator neutrino experiment under construction phase in South China. Thanks to the anti-neutrinos produced by the nearby nuclear power plants, JUNO will be able to study the neutrino mass hierarchy, one of the open key questions in neutrino physics. One key ingredient for a successful measurement is to use high speed, high resolution sampling electronics located very close to the detector signal. Linearity in the response of the electronics is another important ingredient for the success of the experiment. During the initial design phase of the electronics, a custom design with the Front-End and Read-Out electronics located very close to the detector analog signal has been developed and successfully tested. The present paper describes the electronics structure and the first tests performed on the prototypes. The electronics prototypes have been tested and they show good linearity response, with a maximum deviation of 1.3% over the full dynamic range (1-1000 p.e.), fulfilling the JUNO experiment requirements.

Multifragmentation MF results from 1AGeV Au on C have been compared with the Copenhagen statistical multifragmentation model (SMM). The complete charge, mass, and momentum reconstruction of the Au projectile was used to identify high momentum ejectiles leaving an excited remnant of mass A, charge Z, and excitation energy E* which subsequently multifragments. Measurement of the magnitude and multiplicity (energy) dependence of the initial free volume and the breakup volume determines the variable volume parametrization of SMM. Very good agreement is obtained using SMM with the standard values of the SMM parameters. A large number of observables, including the fragment charge yield distributions, fragment multiplicity distributions, caloric curve, critical exponents, and the critical scaling function are explored in this comparison. The two stage structure of SMM is used to determine the effect of cooling of the primary hot fragments. Average fragment yields with Z>~3 are essentially unaffected when the excitation energy is ⩽7 MeV/nucleon. SMM studies suggest that the experimental critical exponents are largely unaffected by cooling and event mixing. The nature of the phase transition in SMM is studied as a function of the remnant mass and charge using the microcanonical equation of state. For light remnants A<~100, backbending is observed indicating negative specific heat, while for A>~170 the effective latent heat approaches zero. Thus for heavier systems this transition can be identified as a continuous thermal phase transition where a large nucleus breaks up into a number of smaller nuclei with only a minimal release of constituent nucleons. Z<~2 particles are primarily emitted in the initial collision and after MF in the fragment deexcitation process.Received 7 June 2000DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.054602©2001 American Physical Society

A high-statistics exclusive study of the multifragmentation of 1A GeV gold on carbon has been performed. Particles with Z<~2 show evidence of emission in a first prompt stage as well as in a second equilibrium stage whereas fragments with Z>~3 appear to be emitted essentially only in the second stage. Two methods for the separation of the Z<~2 particles into the two stages are given and they are in agreement. The yields for each stage are determined as a function of the event charged particle multiplicity m. The mass, nuclear charge, excitation energy per nucleon, and temperature of the remnant left after the first stage and their fluctuations have been determined as a function of m. The expansion of the remnant to fragment freeze-out is examined. The freeze-out temperature is determined from double isotope ratios as a function of m and isentropic trajectories are obtained in the temperature-density plane. The caloric curve shows a monotonic increase with excitation energy. Some of the energy is in the form of radial flow. Overall, the results are consistent with a previous statistical analysis of the data which suggests that, over a certain range of excitation energies, multifragmentation involves a continuous phase transition.Received 14 July 1997DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.57.764©1998 American Physical Society

E896 has measured Lambda production in 11.6A GeV/c Au-Au collisions over virtually the whole rapidity phase space. The midrapidity p(t) distributions have been measured for the first time at this energy and appear to indicate that the Lambda hyperons have different freeze-out conditions than protons. A comparison with the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model shows that while there is good shape agreement at high rapidity the model predicts significantly different slopes of the m(t) spectra at midrapidity. The data, where overlap occurs, are consistent with previously reported measurements.

In this paper we propose a conjecture concerning partial sums of an arbitrary finite subset of an abelian group that naturally arises investigating simple Heffter systems. Then we show its connection with related open problems and we present some results about the validity of these conjectures.

Abstract The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator filling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The aspired sensitivity level of $$10^{-16}\hbox { g/g}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mtext>g/g</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of $$^{238}\hbox {U}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>238</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext>U</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$^{232}\hbox {Th}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>232</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext>Th</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> requires a large ( $$\sim 20\,\hbox {m}^3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> <mml:mspace /> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>m</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) detection volume and ultralow background levels. The present paper reports on the design and major components of the OSIRIS detector, the detector simulation as well as the measuring strategies foreseen and the sensitivity levels to U/Th that can be reached in this setup.

This paper reports the elemental production cross sections for 17 projectile-energy combinations with energies between 338 and 894 MeV/nucleon interacting in a liquid hydrogen target. These results were obtained from two runs at the LBL Bevalac using projectiles ranging from $^{22}\mathrm{Ne}$ to $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$. Cross sections were measured for all fragment elements with charges greater than or equal to half the charge of the projectile. The results show that, over the energy and ion range investigated, the general decrease in cross section with decreasing fragment charge is strongly modified by the isospin of the projectile ion. Significant additional modifications of the cross sections due to the internal structure of the nucleus have also been seen. These include both pairing and shell effects. Differences in the cross sections due to the differing energies of the projectile are also considerable. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

The fragment yields from the multifragmentation of gold, lanthanum, and krypton nuclei obtained by the EOS Collaboration are examined in terms of Fisher’s droplet formalism modified to account for Coulomb energy. The critical exponents σ and τ and the surface energy coefficient c0 are obtained. Estimates are made of the pressure-temperature and temperature-density coexistence curve of finite neutral nuclear matter as well as the location of the critical point.Received 7 May 2002DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.67.024609©2003 American Physical Society

A liquid hydrogen target was used to study the nuclear fragmentation of beams of relativistic heavy ions, 22Ne to 58Ni, over an energy range 400 to 900 MeV/nucleon. The experiments were carried out at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevalac HISS facility, using the charge-velocity-rigidity method to identify the charged fragments. Here we describe the general concept of the experiment and present total charge-changing cross sections obtained from 17 separate runs. These new measured cross sections display an energy dependence which follows semiempirical model predictions. The mass dependence of the cross sections behaves as predicted by optical models, but within the experimental energy range, the optical model parameters display a clear energy dependence. The isospin of the projectile nuclei also appears to be an important factor in the interaction process.Received 19 November 1993DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.49.3200©1994 American Physical Society

With the commissioning of the LHC in 2010 and upgrades expected in 2015, ATLAS and CMS are planning to upgrade their innermost tracking layers with radiation hard technologies. Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond has been used extensively in beam conditions monitors as the innermost detectors in the highest radiation areas of BaBar, Belle, CDF and all LHC experiments. This material is now being considered as a sensor material for use very close to the interaction region where the most extreme radiation conditions exist. Recently the RD42 collaboration constructed, irradiated and tested polycrystalline and single-crystal chemical vapor deposition diamond sensors to the highest fluences expected at the super-LHC. We present beam test results of chemical vapor deposition diamond up to fluences of 1.8×1016 protons/cm2 illustrating that both polycrystalline and single-crystal chemical vapor deposition diamonds follow a single damage curve. We also present beam test results of irradiated complete diamond pixel modules.

The cluster distributions of different systems are examined to search for signatures of a continuous phase transition. In a system known to possess such a phase transition, both sensitive and insensitive signatures are present; while in systems known not to possess such a phase transition, only insensitive signatures are present. It is shown that nuclear multifragmentation results in cluster distributions belonging to the former category, suggesting that the fragments are the result of a continuous phase transition.

Multifragmentation in fully reconstructed events from 1A GeV Kr and La collisions with C has been studied. Results are compared with similar data for 1A GeV Au+C. The emitted charged particles and fragments are identified with emission from either a prompt first stage or a second stage in which the remnant resulting from the first stage breaks up. The nuclear charge, mass, and excitation energy distributions of the remnant are determined. The total charged multiplicity, as well as those of the first and second stages are obtained. Freeze-out temperatures and thermal excitation energy permit the determination of the caloric curve. The fragment charge distribution as well as the IMF multiplicity distribution and those of individual fragments are obtained. The various results are examined as to the extent of universal behavior when scaled for varying system size. Comparisons are made with intranuclear cascade and statistical multifragmentation model calculations.Received 23 February 2000DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.62.024616©2000 American Physical Society

Using charged-particle-exclusive measurements of Au+Au collisions in the LBL Bevalac's EOS time projection chamber, we investigate momentum-space densities of fragments up to 4He as a function of fragment transverse momentum, azimuth relative to the reaction plane, rapidity, multiplicity, and beam energy. Most features of these densities above a transverse momentum threshold are consistent with momentum-space coalescence, and, in particular, the increase in sideward flow with fragment mass is generally well described by a momentum-space power law.Received 29 August 1994DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2646©1995 American Physical Society

The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). A ton-level liquid scintillator detector will be placed at about 30 m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. The reactor antineutrino spectrum will be measured with sub-percent energy resolution, to provide a reference spectrum for future reactor neutrino experiments, and to provide a benchmark measurement to test nuclear databases. A spherical acrylic vessel containing 2.8 ton gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator will be viewed by 10 m^2 Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) of >50% photon detection efficiency with almost full coverage. The photoelectron yield is about 4500 per MeV, an order higher than any existing large-scale liquid scintillator detectors. The detector operates at -50 degree C to lower the dark noise of SiPMs to an acceptable level. The detector will measure about 2000 reactor antineutrinos per day, and is designed to be well shielded from cosmogenic backgrounds and ambient radioactivities to have about 10% background-to-signal ratio. The experiment is expected to start operation in 2022.

Invariant mass analyses of (p,{pi}{sup {plus_minus}}) pairs in {sup 58}Ni+Cu collisions at 1.97A GeV have been performed and show correlations resulting from the decays of the {Delta} resonance, the {Lambda} baryon, and possibly the N{sup {asterisk}}(1440) resonance. A reduction in the {Delta} mass is observed and the mass reduction increases with collision centrality. Events generated by the relativistic cascade model (ARC) also reveal a mass reduction. The mass reduction is related to the size of the reaction volume and the details of {Delta} production mechanisms in heavy ion collisions. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

We have studied the yield of individual fragments formed in the projectile fragmentation of gold nuclei at 1 AGeV incident on a carbon target as a function of the total charge multiplicity. The yields of fragments of different nuclear charge peak at different multiplicities. We show that this behavior can be used to determine the critical exponent σ. We obtain σ = 0.68±0.05, consistent with the liquid-gas value.

A systematic analysis of multifragmentation (MF) in fully reconstructed events from $1A\mathrm{GeV}$ Au, La, and Kr collisions with C has been performed. These data are used to provide a definitive test of the variable volume version of the statistical multifragmentation model (SMM). A single set of SMM parameters directly determined by the data and the semi-empirical mass formula are used after the adjustable inverse level density parameter ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}$ is determined by the fragment distributions. The results from SMM for second stage multiplicity, size of the biggest fragment, and the intermediate mass fragments are in excellent agreement with the data. Multifragmentation thresholds have been obtained for all three systems using SMM prior to secondary decay. The data indicate that both thermal excitation energy ${E}_{\mathrm{th}}^{*}$ and the isotope ratio temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}}$ decrease with increase in system size at the critical point. The breakup temperature obtained from SMM also shows the same trend as seen in the data. The SMM model is used to study the nature of the MF phase transition. The caloric curve for Kr exhibits back-bending (finite latent heat) while the caloric curves for Au and La are consistent with a continuous phase transition (nearly zero latent heat) and the values of the critical exponents \ensuremath{\tau}, \ensuremath{\beta}, and \ensuremath{\gamma}, both from data and SMM, are close to those for a ``liquid-gas'' system for Au and La. We conclude that the larger Coulomb expansion energy in Au and La reduces the latent heat required for MF and changes the nature of the phase transition. Thus the Coulomb energy plays a major role in nuclear MF.

Transverse flow has been studied as a function of impact parameter for pions and protons from the reaction 1.15AGeV 197Au+197Au. We observe an “antiflow” behavior for both π+ and π− in peripheral collisions.Received 29 July 1996DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4165©1997 American Physical Society

It is shown that the Fisher droplet model, percolation, and nuclear multifragmentation share the common features of reducibility (stochasticity in multiplicity distributions) and thermal scaling (one-fragment production probabilities are Boltzmann factors). Barriers obtained, for cluster production on percolation lattices, from the Boltzmann factors show a power-law dependence on cluster size with an exponent of 0.42+/-0.02. The EOS Collaboration Au multifragmentation data yield barriers with a power-law exponent of 0.68+/-0.03. Values of the surface energy coefficient of a low density nuclear system are also extracted.

Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about cosmic rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector with excellent energy resolution is currently under construction in China. JUNO will be able to detect several atmospheric neutrinos per day given the large volume. A study on the JUNO detection and reconstruction capabilities of atmospheric $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ fluxes is presented in this paper. In this study, a sample of atmospheric neutrino Monte Carlo events has been generated, starting from theoretical models, and then processed by the detector simulation. The excellent timing resolution of the 3'' PMT light detection system of JUNO detector and the much higher light yield for scintillation over Cherenkov allow to measure the time structure of the scintillation light with very high precision. Since $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ interactions produce a slightly different light pattern, the different time evolution of light allows to discriminate the flavor of primary neutrinos. A probabilistic unfolding method has been used, in order to infer the primary neutrino energy spectrum from the detector experimental observables. The simulated spectrum has been reconstructed between 100 MeV and 10 GeV, showing a great potential of the detector in the atmospheric low energy region.

Trata-se de estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, que visa analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos vítimas de intoxicação exógena no contexto amazônico brasileiro. O mesmo foi desenvolvido através do levantamento de dados, utilizarando dados secundários de natureza pública disponibilizados pelo SINAN (sistema de informação de agravos de notificação), onde foram analisadas informações sobre a intoxicação exógena de todas as faixas etárias, de ambos os sexos no estado do Pará, nos anos 2019 a 2020, no periodo de agosto de 2022. As variáveis utilizadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, etnia, município de notificação, escolaridade, exposição de trabalho, circunstância, evolução e agente tóxico. Foram registrados 1.634 casos, sexo feminino 58,5%, faixa etária 1 a 39 anos 80%, etnia parda 71,4%, escolaridade fundamental 27,1%, município de notificação ignorado/branco 2,1%, agentes tóxicos medicamentos 31,9%, circunstância foi tentativa de suicídio 40%, durante exposição laboral não houve predomínio de intoxicação 72,5%, e evolução com cura sem sequela ficou 66,9%. O estudo concluiu que o perfil epidemiológico predominante foi de indivíduos do sexo feminino, masculino, faixa etária entre infância e adultos jovens, e o uso de medicamentos como causadores de intoxicação e suicídio como circunstâncias envolvidas durante intoxicação.

Uma análise de solo reveste-se de primordial importância, haja vista sua função preponderante no planejamento de infraestruturas e empreendimentos civis, na agricultura, na gestão ambiental e conservação dos recursos naturais. Nesse sentido, no Parque Nacional de Anavilhanas (PNA) e entorno, área de estudo, ocorre limitações na obtenção de informações de solos, considerando aspectos específicos como atributos químicos e físicos, impostos, principalmente, pela magnitude territorial, complexidade e diversidade ambiental da região. Os métodos convencionais de análise de solo, devido à demanda por tempo, mão de obra especializada e custos elevados, dificultam a pesquisa e limitam o conhecimento. Este estudo propôs avaliar a espectroscopia como ferramenta de apoio na caracterização textural e mineralógica de solos provenientes da Amazônia comparando seus resultados com os métodos convencionais. As amostras de solos obtidas foram submetidas a uma análise espectral na faixa do VIS-NIR-SWIR do espectro eletromagnético sendo possível diferenciar texturas e estabelecer correlações com os tipos de solo e com os métodos convencionais empregados, destacando-se a identificação de caulinita e óxido-hidróxidos de ferro. No contexto das limitações da área pesquisada, a espectroscopia se revelou como uma ferramenta complementar as técnicas tradicionais por meio da análise detalhada das respostas espectrais, proporcionando informações precisas sobre as propriedades texturais, mineralógicas e químicas do solo. Essa abordagem possibilitou uma avaliação abrangente contribuindo para avanços na pesquisa e no conhecimento pedológico do PNA e seu entorno.

O século XXI trouxe avanços consideráveis no desenvolvimento e incorporação de novas tecnologias no cotidiano. Desde então, tecnologias digitais de informação e de comunicação têm causado transformações na sociedade e na educação. Esse processo teve seu ritmo acelerado durante a pandemia de Covid-19, quando as tecnologias digitais deixaram de ser um aspecto meramente complementar e tornaram-se o suporte que ancorou a educação por longos meses. Nesse contexto, investigamos como as tecnologias digitais foram utilizadas no cotidiano escolar, tomando-se como corpus os trabalhos publicados nos anais da Feira Municipal de Ciências e Cultura de Fortaleza, promovida pela Secretaria Municipal da Educação de Fortaleza, em parceria com a Seara da Ciência, órgão da Universidade Federal do Ceará, nos anos de 2018, 2019, 2021 e 2022. A partir dos resumos submetidos pelos estudantes do 3º ao 9º ano e da modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, sob orientação dos docentes, pesquisamos termos relacionados às tecnologias digitais, em seus títulos e palavras-chave. Buscamos observar seu uso antes, durante e depois da pandemia, assim como as temáticas relacionadas e a evolução em números ao longo dos anos. Houve a presença considerável das tecnologias digitais em todos os anais observados, constatando que as tecnologias foram utilizadas tanto como temática central quanto como suporte às práticas pedagógicas tradicionais, além de terem sido exploradas em temas inclusivos, socioculturais, ambientais e de saúde física e mental. Constatamos ainda que os anais de 2021 se destacaram em números, apresentando mais que o dobro de trabalhos desenvolvidos sobre e com tecnologias digitais, em comparação aos anais publicados antes (2018 e 2019) e depois da pandemia (2022), entre os quais não foram observadas diferenças significantes. Esses achados nos permitirão vislumbrar o percurso das tecnologias digitais, do cotidiano social rumo à sala de aula, e as diferentes nuances envolvidas nesse trajeto.

We introduce a closure model for computational fluid dynamics, referred to as the Building-block Flow Model (BFM). The foundation of the model rests on the premise that a finite collection of simple flows encapsulates the essential physics necessary to predict more complex scenarios. The BFM is implemented using artificial neural networks and introduces five unique advancements within the framework of large-eddy simulation: (1) It is designed to predict multiple flow regimes (wall turbulence under zero, favorable, adverse mean-pressure-gradient, and separation); (2) It unifies the closure model at solid boundaries (i.e., the wall model) and the rest of the flow (i.e., the subgrid-scale model) into a single entity; (3) It ensures consistency with numerical schemes and gridding strategy by accounting for numerical errors; (4) It is directly applicable to arbitrary complex geometries; (5) It can be scaled up to model additional flow physics in the future if needed (e.g., shockwaves and laminar-to-turbulent transition). The BFM is utilized to predict key quantities of interest in turbulent channel flows, a Gaussian bump, and an aircraft in a landing configuration. In all cases, the BFM demonstrates similar or superior capabilities in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency compared to previous state-of-the-art closure models.

Este estudo investiga o assédio moral sofrido por enfermeiros dentro das Unidades Básicas de Saúde em uma cidade do Tocantins, analisando os fatores por trás da baixa notificação dessas situações, revisando os tipos mais comuns de assédio moral enfrentados e avaliando se as relações empregatícias e o desconhecimento dos enfermeiros estão associados à subnotificação. Embora o assédio moral tenha sérios impactos na vida profissional, é pouco discutido tanto nas universidades quanto nos locais de trabalho. Os enfermeiros enfrentam diversas formas de assédio, como humilhações públicas e sobrecarga de trabalho, mas muitos casos não são denunciados devido ao medo de retaliação ou à falta de conhecimento sobre como fazer a denúncia. A pesquisa realizada com 44 enfermeiros da atenção básica utilizou uma abordagem de natureza exploratória de campo de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Durante a pesquisa, observou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados (45,5%) escolheram não denunciar as situações de assédio moral que enfrentaram. Todavia, é crucial promover treinamento e apoio para que os enfermeiros reconheçam e denunciem o assédio moral, além de implementar políticas organizacionais e governamentais mais robustas para prevenir e combater essa prática, visando ambientes de trabalho mais saudáveis e respeitosos. Palavras-chave: Assédio Moral. Enfermeiros. Unidades Básicas de Saúde.

It is shown that thermodynamic scaling when applied to systems with few (∼150) constituents, in accordance with the theory of critical phenomena, is observed in nuclear multifragmentation. Yields of different nuclear fragments, obtained over a wide range of excitation energies, collapse with some scatter onto a universal curve. This curve is the nuclear scaling function, which is intimately related to the free energy of the system. The determination of the scaling function forms the basis for quantitatively predicting the critical behavior in nuclei.

The interactions of ${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ projectile nuclei with energies of 361, 546, and 765 MeV/nucleon and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ nuclei with 352 MeV/nucleon, have been studied in a liquid-hydrogen target as part of a program to study interactions of relevance to the problem of cosmic-ray propagation in the interstellar medium. We have measured the cross sections for the production of isotopic fragments of the projectile nuclei in these interactions. The variations of these cross sections with mass, charge, and energy, are examined for insights into any systematic features of this type of fragmentation reaction that might aid predictions of other, unmeasured cross sections. These cross sections are also compared with the values derived from the most commonly used prediction techniques. It is suggested that these techniques could be improved by taking account of the systematic features identified here.

Using charged-particle-exclusive measurements of $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions in the Bevalac's EOS time projection chamber, we demonstrate the advantages of an alternative representation of the squeeze-out phenomenon where the speed of collective expansion is slowest in the plane of the reaction, and is modulated sinusoidally according to fragment azimuth relative to this plane. This simpler representation facilitates a highly comprehensive description of light fragment spectra and the three main categories of collective motion: sideward flow, squeeze-out, and radial expansion.

Abstract In this paper, we consider the following conjecture, proposed by Brian Alspach, concerning partial sums in finite cyclic groups: given a subset A of $$\mathbb {Z}_n{\setminus } \{0\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of size k such that $$\sum _{z\in A} z\not = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≠</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , it is possible to find an ordering $$(a_1,\ldots ,a_k)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of the elements of A such that the partial sums $$s_i=\sum _{j=1}^i a_j$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$i=1,\ldots ,k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , are nonzero and pairwise distinct. This conjecture is known to be true for subsets of size $$k\le 11$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in cyclic groups of prime order. Here, we extend this result to any torsion-free abelian group and, as a consequence, we provide an asymptotic result in $$\mathbb {Z}_n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . We also consider a related conjecture, originally proposed by Ronald Graham: given a subset A of $$\mathbb {Z}_p{\setminus }\{0\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where p is a prime, there exists an ordering of the elements of A such that the partial sums are all distinct. Working with the methods developed by Hicks, Ollis, and Schmitt, based on Alon’s combinatorial Nullstellensatz, we prove the validity of this conjecture for subsets A of size 12.

The isotopic production cross sections for ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ projectiles at 357, 565, and 763 MeV/nucleon interacting in a liquid hydrogen target have been measured by the Transport Collaboration at the LBL HISS facility. The systematics of these cross sections are studied, and the results indicate that nuclear structure effects are present in the isotope production process during the relativistic collisions. The newly measured cross sections are also compared with those predicted by semiempirical and parametric formulas, but the predictions do not fully describe the systematics such as the energy dependence. The consequences of the cross section systematics in galactic cosmic ray studies are also discussed.

We study the energy dependence of collective (hydrodynamic-like) nuclear matter flow in (400--1970)A MeV $\mathrm{Ni}+\mathrm{Au}$ and (1000--1970)A MeV $\mathrm{Ni}+\mathrm{Cu}$ reactions. The flow increases with energy, appears to reach a maximum, and then to decrease at higher energies. A way of comparing the energy dependence of flow values for different projectile-target mass combinations is introduced, which demonstrates a more-or-less common scaling behavior among flow values from different systems.

Diamond devices have now become ubiquitous in the LHC experiments, finding applications in beam background monitoring and luminosity measuring systems. This sensor material is now maturing to the point that the large pads in existing diamond detectors are being replaced by highly granular tracking devices, in both pixel and strip configurations, for detector systems that will be used in Run II at the LHC and beyond. The RD42 collaboration has continued to seek out additional diamond manufacturers and quantify the limits of the radiation tolerance of this material. The ATLAS experiment has recently installed, and is now commissioning a fully-fledged pixel tracking detector system based on diamond sensors. Finally, RD42 has recently demonstrated the viability of 3D biased diamond sensors that can be operated at very low voltages with full charge collection. These proceedings describe all of these advances.

We have measured the production of light nuclei (A<~3) in 11.6GeV/c Au-Au collisions at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). The transverse mass spectra are analyzed using a thermal fireball model, and the yields for different particle species are discussed assuming coalescence and fragmentation as possible production mechanisms. The wide acceptance range of the 3He measurements permits a broad study of the coalescence parameter B3 as functions of transverse momentum and rapidity. Comparisons with data obtained previously at AGS energies suggest that the simple models are insufficient to describe fully the production mechanisms of light nuclei.Received 24 August 2001DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.65.034907©2002 American Physical Society

A position sensitive detector made up of thin discs of NE102 scintillating material is proposed for the detection of neutrons emitted in intermediate and high energy heavy ion reactions (0.1≤En≤3 GeV). Positions and time of “hits” are determined by measuring the different times at which light reaches N photomultiplier tubes placed around each disc at the vertices of a regular polygon. A new method, based on Multiple Elliptical Coordinate Systems (MECS), is developed to linearize equations correlating signal times to coordinates and time of hit.

Transverse kinetic energies of individual fragments have been measured over a broad range of emitter excitation energies for the reaction $1A\mathrm{GeV}$ $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{C}.$ For excitation energies leading to large intermediate mass fragment multiplicities, these transverse energies require large collective radial expansion of the emitting systems. However, the traditional decomposition of the transverse energy into a thermal component and a Coulomb and collective component proportional to the fragment mass cannot account for this expansion. Expansion velocities show an increase with decreasing fragment $Z$ and thus indicate fractionation of the collective energy for the expanding system. This collective energy increases with emitter excitation up to about 50% of the energy deposited for a nuclear system with total energy $\ensuremath{\sim}12A\mathrm{MeV}.$ The bulk of the collective energy is carried away by ejectiles of $Z&lt;~3.$

The isotopic production cross sections for 22Ne projectiles at 377,581, and 894 MeV nucleon-1 and 26Mg projectiles at 371 and 576 MeV nucleon-1 interacting in a liquid hydrogen target have been measured by the Transport Collaboration at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Heavy-Ion Spectrometer System (LBL HISS) facility. These cross sections are compared with those predicted by semi-empirical formulae. The systematics are studied to develop suitable inputs for calculations of galactic cosmic-ray interstellar transport. These calculations are used to unfold the transport effects from available observations of cosmic-ray CNO isotopes to extract the underlying source composition. With these new cross section measurements, the previously reported enhancement of 18O at the cosmic-ray source, which is sensitive to the cross sections for production from 22Ne and 26Mg and the uncertainties in cross section prediction formulae, may be explained. There is no evidence for an enhancement of 18O when these new cross sections are used in a weighted slab propagation calculation.

In the present study, results towards the development of a 3D diamond sensor are presented. Conductive channels are produced inside the sensor bulk using a femtosecond laser. This electrode geometry allows full charge collection even for low quality diamond sensors. Results from testbeam show that charge is collected by these electrodes. In order to understand the channel growth parameters, with the goal of producing low resistivity channels, the conductive channels produced with a different laser setup are evaluated by Raman spectroscopy.

L’analyse diachronique des données disponibles sur le long terme montre que l’érosion de la plage des Éloux dans l’île de Noirmoutier (France) s’est produite entre 1832 et 2008 à des vitesses variables avec un taux moyen de recul du trait de côte de 0,7 m/an. La période 1999-2008 enregistre un fort recul du trait de côte avec un taux moyen de 1,9 m/an. Dans ce contexte, une forte tempête comme celle du 10 mars 2008, si elle contribue à la tendance érosive générale, n’a pas entraîné de conséquences morphogéniques très importantes sur l’île de Noirmoutier. Cet article cherche à estimer cet impact sur la plage des Éloux et à mettre en lumière le fait que l’effet minime de cette tempête importante est imputable à divers facteurs qui sont discutés (dérive inversée, stock sédimentaire disponible sur l’avant plage, défenses côtières).

A sample of Λ's produced in 2 A GeV 58Ni + natCu collisions has been obtained with the EOS Time Projection Chamber at the Bevalac. Low background in the invariant mass distribution allows for the unambiguous demonstration of Λ directed flow. The Λ mT spectrum at mid-rapidity has the characteristic shoulder-arm shape of particles undergoing radial transverse expansion. A linear dependence of Λ multiplicity on impact parameter is observed, from which a total Λ+Σ0 production cross section of 112±24 mb is deduced. Detailed comparisons with the ARC and RVUU models are made.

Measurements of angular distributions for elastic scattering in the $^{11}\mathrm{B}$ + $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ system were performed in the energy range from 15 to 40 MeV c.m. in \ensuremath{\simeq}2.5 MeV steps in broad angular regions up to about ${170}^{\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}}$ c.m. The optical-model parameters were determined from the analysis of the cross section at forward angles. The rise of cross section in the backward angles was explained as direct elastic transfer. From the distorted-wave Born approximation analysis, the values of proton spectroscopic factor in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ were found. They exhibit a strong energy dependence in the energy region between 5 and 40 MeV c.m.

A systematic analysis of the moments of the fragment size distribution has been carried out for the multifragmentation of 1AGeV Au, La, and Kr on carbon. The breakup of Au and La is consistent with a continuous thermal phase transition. The data indicate that the excitation energy per nucleon and isotopic temperature at the critical point decrease with increasing system size. This trend is attributed primarily to the increasing Coulomb energy with finite size effects playing a smaller role.Received 5 September 2000DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.041605©2001 American Physical Society

E896 was designed to search for the predicted short-lived six-quark H0 di-baryon. The goal is to enhance the existing knowledge by extending the search into regions of shorter lifetimes (approximately half that of the lambda) and via exploring a new creation channel, that of the coalescence of two lambdas. Two main tracking chambers are used, a distributed drift chamber positioned to measure low-pt and high-rapidity neutral particle decay products and a silicon drift detector array which measures particle production at mid-rapidity. Both detectors are also investigating lambda polarization, over their respective coverages, for Au-Au collisions at 11.3 GeV/nucleon. The current status of the H0 di-baryon search and preliminary results of the strange particle production and polarization measurements will be presented.

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton LS detector at 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino and astro-particle physics. With 6 years of data, the neutrino mass ordering can be determined at 3-4 sigma and three oscillation parameters can be measured to a precision of 0.6% or better by detecting reactor antineutrinos. With 10 years of data, DSNB could be observed at 3-sigma; a lower limit of the proton lifetime of 8.34e33 years (90% C.L.) can be set by searching for p->nu_bar K^+; detection of solar neutrinos would shed new light on the solar metallicity problem and examine the vacuum-matter transition region. A core-collapse supernova at 10 kpc would lead to ~5000 IBD and ~2000 (300) all-flavor neutrino-proton (electron) scattering events. Geo-neutrinos can be detected with a rate of ~400 events/year. We also summarize the final design of the JUNO detector and the key R&D achievements. All 20-inch PMTs have been tested. The average photon detection efficiency is 28.9% for the 15,000 MCP PMTs and 28.1% for the 5,000 dynode PMTs, higher than the JUNO requirement of 27%. Together with the >20 m attenuation length of LS, we expect a yield of 1345 p.e. per MeV and an effective energy resolution of 3.02%/\sqrt{E (MeV)}$ in simulations. The underwater electronics is designed to have a loss rate <0.5% in 6 years. With degassing membranes and a micro-bubble system, the radon concentration in the 35-kton water pool could be lowered to <10 mBq/m^3. Acrylic panels of radiopurity <0.5 ppt U/Th are produced. The 20-kton LS will be purified onsite. Singles in the fiducial volume can be controlled to ~10 Hz. The JUNO experiment also features a double calorimeter system with 25,600 3-inch PMTs, a LS testing facility OSIRIS, and a near detector TAO.

Energy spectra of hydrogen and helium isotopes emitted in Au+Au collisions at 0.25, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.0, and 1.15A GeV have been measured. A systematic study of the shapes of the spectra reveals a significant non-thermal component consistent with collective radial flow. The strength of this component is evaluated as a function of bombarding energy. Comparisons of the flow signal to predictions of QMD and BUU models are made. Using reverse kinematics, the breakup of gold nuclei has been studied in Au+C reactions at 1.0A GeV. The moments of the resulting charged fragment distribution provide evidence that nuclear matter possesses a critical point observable in finite nuclei. Values for the critical exponents γ, β, and τ have been determined. These values are close to those for liquid-gas systems and different from those for 3D percolation.

The subsystems of the CMS silicon strip tracker were integrated and commissioned at the Tracker Integration Facility (TIF) in the period from November 2006 to July 2007. As part of the commissioning, large samples of cosmic ray data were recorded under various running conditions in the absence of a magnetic field. Cosmic rays detected by scintillation counters were used to trigger the readout of up to 15\,\% of the final silicon strip detector, and over 4.7~million events were recorded. This document describes the cosmic track reconstruction and presents results on the performance of track and hit reconstruction as from dedicated analyses.

Light pulses seen by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) after propagation within long scintillator slats or rods, or large disc-shaped scintillators are investigated and compared with those from point-like scintillators. Results of experimental tests for the disc-shaped configuration, performed with the single photon counting technique, are presented and compared with numerical calculations. These calculations were performed describing the light pulse shape by means of a new, quite general analytical method based on the geometrical optics concepts of virtual light paths and images. The associated electric pulses produced by the PMTs coupled to the scintillators are then discussed with particular emphasis on their dependence on the distance between light source and photocathode.

Saltwater wedge is a natural phenomenon defined as the displacement and retention of saltwater in a freshwater aquifer. This saline intrusion can modify the content of dissolved elements in coastal freshwater aquifers, which can have consequences for water use (drinking or agricultural), on the ecology, the environment, the erosion of coasts, and the stability of coastal structures.This study focuses on the integration and coupled interpretation of various geophysical and optical data obtained on the ground and by drone to evaluate the intrusion of seawater in a coastal chalk cliff in Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer in Normandy, France. The objective is to characterize the freshwater-saltwater interface and describe the internal structure of the formation. To do so, the combination of geophysical (Electrical Resistivity Imaging, ERI), aerial (visible and thermal infrared photogrammetry, IRT), and geotechnical (piezometers) methods was adopted.The ten ERI profiles (transverse and longitudinal to the cliff) allowed for the mapping of the electrical resistivity distribution. The novel contribution of this study was the highlighting of a marine intrusion under the chalk cliffs visualized using transverse ERI profiles implanted directly on the steep dip of the cliff. The use of a 30m deep piezometer positioned on the plateau of the cliff and intersecting the ERI profiles made it possible to constrain the resistivity values to the measured salinity values. The presence of this saltwater wedge was characterized by low resistivity values. The top of the cliff and the parts close to the outcrop showed significant resistivities, indicating a high level of potential damage (cracks in the outcrop, underground cavities). This allowed for the identification of a zone (about 10m before the main scarp) vulnerable to the risk of collapse.It has been shown that the difference in groundwater density leads to unstable conditions. We propose that the denser saline water covering the less dense freshwater creates a haline convection of the brackish waters at the base of the cliff and at the level of the rocky shore platform. The IRT was used to identify the wet areas of the cliff and the resurgences of the water table on the platform. Finally, all the data were grouped to propose a conceptual model of saline intrusion under the coastal cliffs.

Introdução: A dor neuropática pós-mastectomia (DNPM), frequente no primeiro ano após o diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna da mama, é tida como um quadro álgico prevalente e complexo, sem protocolos de tratamento bem estabelecidos. O uso medicinal da Cannabis é conhecido como um potente analgésico, podendo ser considerado um importante componente na linha de tratamento da dor neuropática. Objetivos: Discutir o efeito do uso medicinal da Cannabis na DNPM. Apresentação do caso e resultados: Paciente submetida a mastectomia total, evoluiu com dor de característica neuropática no membro superior esquerdo. Como fatores associados apresentava alterações do sono, humor e apetite. Após 7 meses de uso do óleo artesanal feito com extrato de Cannabis, houve melhora significativa do quadro geral, com melhora total da dor. Conclusão: O tratamento com extrato de Cannabis foi efetivo no tratamento da DNPM para esse caso. Mais estudos são necessários a fim de alcançar evidência científica significativa e incluir esse tratamento como uma das estratégias para o manejo da dor pós-mastectomia.

The Pays d'Auge region is known for its diversity of instability including large and deep-seated landslides. Among them, the "L'Hermitage landslide” is one of the largest historical phenomena in the Vaches Noires area of Normandy, France. As it was triggered during a period when few observations were performed, there is still considerable uncertainty about the conditions under which it was triggered. While it remains an epiphenomenon in the Vaches Noires area, the fact is that the area could be prone to other large landslides. It therefore seems essential and necessary to study these old landslides in order to better understand the evolution of this type of cliff. This article presents a detailed study of this major landslide. The main objective is to reconstruct the evolution of the landslide and verify the conditions that led to its triggering. To this end, a conceptual model of functioning, including a trigger scenario, was proposed using a multidisciplinary approach integrating historical, geomorphological, geological and hydrological data. This scenario was then evaluated and verified by finite-difference numerical modeling (FDM) with FLAC2D®. This approach enabled to propose probable trigger conditions and to identify more precisely the different contributing factors, causes and mechanisms influencing its development.

We compare the acoustic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model with two of its optical variants where the phonons are defined on either on the sites or bonds of the system. First, we discuss how to make fair comparisons between these models in any dimension by ensuring their dimensionless coupling $\lambda$ and relevant phonon energies are the same. We then use determinant quantum Monte Carlo to perform non-perturbative and sign-problem-free simulations of all three models on one-dimensional chains at and away from half-filling. By comparing the results obtained from each model, we demonstrate that the optical and acoustic models produce near identical results within error bars for suitably chosen phonon energies and $\lambda$ at half-filling. In contrast, the bond model has quantitatively different behavior due to its coupling to the $q = 0$ phonon mode. These differences also manifest in the total length of the chain, which shrinks for the bond model but not for the acoustic and optical models when $\lambda \neq 0$. Our results have important implications for quantum Monte Carlo modeling of SSH-like interactions, where these models are sometimes regarded as being interchangeable

Theoretical studies suggest that Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-like electron-phonon ($e$-ph) interactions can mediate high-temperature bipolaronic superconductivity that is robust against repulsive electron-electron interactions. Here we present a comparative analysis of the pairing and competing charge/bond correlations in the two-dimensional Holstein and optical Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) models using numerically exact determinant quantum Monte Carlo. We find that the SSH interactions support light bipolarons and strong superconducting correlations out to relatively large values of the $e$-ph coupling $\lambda$ and densities near half-filling, while the Holstein interaction does not due to the formation of heavy bipolarons and competing charge-density-wave order. We further find that the Holstein and SSH models have comparable pairing correlations in the weak coupling limit for carrier concentrations $\langle n \rangle \ll 1$, where competing orders and polaronic effects are absent. These results support the proposal that SSH (bi)polarons can support superconductivity to larger values of $\lambda$ in comparison to the Holstein polaron, but that the resulting $T_\mathrm{c}$ gains are small in the weak coupling limit. We also find that the SSH model's pairing correlations are suppressed after including a weak on-site Hubbard repulsion. These results have important implications for identifying and engineering bipolaronic superconductivity.

Objetivo: Identificar as principais intervenções com evidência científica para prevenção de lesão por pressão em pacientes com lesão medular. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, por meio dos seguintes descritores: “pressure sore”, “pressure ulcer”, “position”, “turn in bed” e “spinal cord injury”. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2014 a 2022 e em que o posicionamento para liberação de pressão para prevenir a lesão por pressão tenha sido um resultado primário ou secundário. Resultados: Oito artigos compuseram a amostra final deste estudo, com maior frequência de ensaios clínicos randomizados (n: 6). As principais intervenções de prevenção de lesão por pressão em pacientes com lesão medular foram: programas baseados em telemedicina por meio de aplicativos web, com a orientação de cuidados de prevenção das lesões em um período de tempo; protocolos de intervenção educacional realizado por profissionais de saúde especializados. Considerações finais: A partir dos estudos analisados verificou-se que a prevenção da lesão por pressão em pacientes com lesão medular devem estar pautadas especialmente em educação continuada, tanto para os pacientes e familiares, quanto para a própria equipe multidisciplinar envolvida nos cuidados ao paciente.

Este livro é resultado da disciplina de Enfermagem e processos epidemiológicos no contexto Amazônico, do programa de Mestrado em Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Pará Campus XII Santarém. Está dividido em seis capítulos. O primeiro capítulo nos leva a uma profunda reflexão sobre os desafios enfrentados pelas populações tradicionais, como indígenas, quilombolas e ribeirinhos, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. A pandemia, considerada a maior crise sanitária da atualidade, trouxe à tona questões cruciais sobre equidade, acesso a serviços de saúde e a necessidade de estratégias específicas para garantir a proteção desses grupos vulneráveis. O capítulo começa por contextualizar a pandemia e sua gravidade, destacando a importância das vacinas como uma das principais ferramentas no combate a doenças pandêmicas. Além disso, ele nos lembra da história das vacinas e como elas desempenharam um papel fundamental na erradicação de várias doenças ao longo dos anos. No entanto, o processo de desenvolvimento e distribuição de vacinas não é isento de desafios. Os autores nos levam a uma exploração detalhada das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos povos tradicionais, como os ribeirinhos, que vivem em áreas remotas da Amazônia, tornando o acesso a serviços de saúde e vacinação uma tarefa complexa. O segundo capítulo o leitor encontrará uma análise abrangente das políticas de saúde voltadas para as populações ribeirinhas, com foco na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e na saúde da mulher ribeirinha. Este capítulo aborda vários aspectos relevantes e desafios enfrentados na prestação de cuidados de saúde a essas comunidades. O terceiro capítulo retrata sobre a a evidência da desnutrição entre as populações ribeirinhas da região amazônica. Apresentamos dados preocupantes sobre a prevalência da desnutrição, especialmente entre crianças indígenas, evidenciando como esse problema afeta a saúde pública. Além disso, discutimos como a região amazônica, rica em recursos naturais, ainda enfrenta problemas de desnutrição devido a fatores sociais, culturais e econômicos. Finalmente, destacamos a invisibilidade das populações ribeirinhas nos planejamentos governamentais e a importância de políticas de inclusão social e educação nutricional para melhorar a saúde dessas comunidades. Este capítulo nos leva a compreender os desafios enfrentados na luta contra a desnutrição na região amazônica e a necessidade de ações eficazes para abordar esse problema de saúde pública. O quarto capítulo, destaca a importância do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no contexto das populações tradicionais da Amazônia, incluindo indígenas, remanescentes de quilombos e ribeirinhos. Analisamos como o SUS opera em diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde, destacando a promoção da equidade e igualdade no acesso aos serviços de saúde. Também discutimos o desafio enfrentado pelos profissionais de enfermagem ao atender essas comunidades, respeitando suas culturas e necessidades específicas. Este capítulo nos leva a refletir sobre como o SUS desempenha um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde das populações tradicionais e como a enfermagem desempenha um papel crucial nesse processo. No quinto capítulo, exploramos uma ameaça crescente para a saúde pública: a Síndrome de Haff. Esta condição, misteriosa e grave, está relacionada ao consumo de peixes contaminados por uma toxina ainda não identificada. Abordamos sua etiologia, fisiopatologia e manifestações clínicas, bem como sua situação epidemiológica no Brasil e no mundo. Além disso, discutimos o tratamento e o prognóstico da doença. A compreensão da Síndrome de Haff é crucial para a prevenção e o manejo eficazes, à medida que essa ameaça emergente continua a afetar comunidades em todo o mundo. No sexto capítulo, adentramos no intricado mundo das concepções sobre o acesso aos serviços de saúde. Este tema complexo engloba não apenas a disponibilidade física de serviços, mas também considerações socioeconômicas, culturais e geográficas que afetam a capacidade das pessoas de receberem atendimento adequado. Começamos explorando o conceito de "itinerário terapêutico", que descreve as diferentes abordagens que os indivíduos e suas famílias adotam ao enfrentar problemas de saúde, indo desde práticas tradicionais até a medicina moderna. Discutimos como essas trajetórias são moldadas tanto pela vivência dos indivíduos quanto pelos próprios serviços de saúde. Em seguida, mergulhamos nas quatro dimensões essenciais do acesso à saúde: disponibilidade, acessibilidade, viabilidade e aceitabilidade. Cada uma dessas dimensões influencia diretamente a qualidade do acesso aos serviços de saúde, desde a quantidade e qualidade dos recursos disponíveis até a capacidade financeira e a aceitação cultural. Objetivamos com a produção deste livro fortalecer e ampliar os conhecimentos acerca do processo saúde e doença, no contexto amazônico, trazendo as peculiaridades da assistência prestada na região.

A atenção básica caracteriza-se como a principal porta de entrada e coordenadora do cuidado onde pretende-se cumprir princípios e diretrizes, como: universalidade; equidade; integralidade, como princípios e regionalização e hierarquização; territorialização e adscrição; população adscrita; longitudinalidade do cuidado; coordenar o cuidado; ordenar as redes; e participação da comunidade, como diretrizes. Para atender as demandas específicas dos usuários, foram criadas estratégias de acesso das populações ao serviço. Especificamente às populações ribeirinhas, que possuem particularidades geográficas, epidemiológicas e sociais que podem dificultar a disponibilidade de serviços, entende-se que, embora os esforços se voltem a formulação de um conjunto de ações que visam garantir esse acesso, traz-se a reflexão sobre não serem suficientes para resolução dos problemas. Tais desafios e inúmeros outros intrínsecos a saúde de populações vulneráveis, como a população ribeirinha dificultam o cuidado a todos os usuários em diferentes contextos e grupos, como em particular, as mulheres em diferentes ciclos de vida que são afetadas de forma direta com os problemas e dificuldades de acesso à saúde. As mulheres ribeirinhas possuem múltiplas formas de produção, um cenário de composição de vida dentro do contexto amazônico. Visando promover saúde a esse público, não só no contexto de comunidades ribeirinhas, a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher expõe alguns objetivos específicos e estratégias para oferecer o cuidado em saúde as mulheres em suas especificidades.

Introdução: A Síndrome de Holt- Oram, ou como também é denominada Síndrome da mão-coração é uma condição genética autossômica dominante, produto de uma mutação no gene TBX5 responsável pela formação do tecido embrionário superior do coração por volta da quarta e quinta semana de vida embrionária. Apresentação do Caso: Uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 31 anos de idade, oriunda do estado de Goiás, deu entrada no pronto atendimento hospitalar com queixa de palpitações que vinha experimentando ao longo dos últimos quatro meses, além de relatar um episódio recente de síncope ocorrido há aproximadamente uma semana. Discussão: Na década de 60, Mary Holt e Samuel Oram descreveram, pela primeira vez, na literatura, a Síndrome de Holt-Oram (HOS). Considerada, atualmente, por ser uma cardiopatia congênita associada a malformações esqueléticas, tal patologia conta ainda com achados importantes, como comunicação interatrial, distúrbios da condução atrioventricular, hipoplasia vascular e malformações músculo-esqueléticas dos membros superiores. Os critérios para o diagnóstico da HOS incluem anormalidades referentes ao primeiro quirodáctilo (trifalângico, hipoplasia ou aplasia) e doença cardíaca congênita. Tais anormalidades cardíacas, por sua vez, podem ser observadas, tanto nos indivíduos em questão, quanto em seus progenitores, ressaltando a evidência de transmissão genética. Conclusão: Mesmo sendo uma doença rara, ela precisa ser aventada algumas vezes como diagnóstico diferencial perante as patologias mais corriqueiras.

We introduce the SmoQyDQMC.jl package, a Julia implementation of the determinant quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. SmoQyDQMC.jl supports generalized tight-binding Hamiltonians with on-site Hubbard and generalized electron-phonon interactions, including non-linear $e$-ph coupling and anharmonic lattice potentials. Our implementations use hybrid Monte Carlo methods with exact forces for sampling the phonon fields, enabling efficient simulation of low-energy phonon branches, including acoustic phonons. The SmoQyDQMC.jl package also uses a flexible scripting interface, allowing users to adapt it to different workflows and interface with other software packages in the Julia ecosystem. The code for this package can be downloaded from our GitHub repository at https://github.com/SmoQySuite/SmoQyDQMC.jl or installed using the Julia package manager. The online documentation, including examples, can be obtained from our document page at https://smoqysuite.github.io/SmoQyDQMC.jl/stable/.

Prevenção do abuso de Drogas nas escolas foi o tema pesquisado neste estudo, que teve como objetivo propor estratégias de prevenção do uso de drogas na escola, para alunos jovens e adultos, visando colocar as práticas pedagógicas no centro do processo educacional e o impacto e os desafios dessas ações na qualidade da educação preventiva. O objetivo foi descrever as medidas educativas preventivas adotadas pelos professores do ensino fundamental do Centro Dom Bosco de Educação de Adolescentes e Adultos, em Iporá-GO, para evitar o uso de drogas lícitas no ambiente escolar. Quanto à metodologia, o estudo caracterizou-se como um estudo descritivo, realizado com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas presenciais com professores do CEJA Dom Bosco, utilizando técnicas observacionais e coleta de dados adequada. Os resultados mostraram que a conscientização dos professores sobre as drogas permaneceu com base no senso comum, pois os papéis das escolas e dos professores no trabalho de prevenção às drogas não estão claramente definidos. Eles relataram fatores difíceis e frustrantes, como carga horária excessiva, baixos salários e medo de realizar intervenções relacionadas ao uso de drogas. A maioria dos professores desconhece as políticas públicas de atendimento ao adolescente usuário de drogas e sabe que não conseguirá abordar o adolescente, usuário de drogas, sem a ajuda da família. Mesmo nesse contexto, é provável que haja interesse em estabelecer subsídios para professores trabalharem com escolas no enfrentamento do uso de drogas.

The Transport Collaboration, consisting of researchers from institutions in France, Germany, Italy and the USA, has established a program to make new measurements of nuclear interaction cross sections for heavy projectiles (Z ≥ 2) in targets of liquid H2, He and heavier materials. Such cross sections directly affect calculations of galactic and solar cosmic ray transport through matter and are needed for accurate radiation hazard assessment. To date, the collaboration has obtained data using the LBL Bevalac HISS facility with 20 projectiles from 4He to 58Ni in the energy range 393–910 MeV/nucleon. Preliminary results from the analysis of these data are presented here and compared to other measurements and to cross section prediction formulae.

Neutrons produced in the ${}^{40}$Ca+H reaction at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=357A$ and $565A$ MeV have been detected using a three-module version of the multifunctional neutron spectrometer MUFFINS. The detector covered a narrow angular range around the beam in the forward direction $(0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{-}3.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$. Semi-inclusive neutron production cross sections, at the two energies, are reported together with neutron energy spectra, angular, rapidity, and transverse momentum distributions. Comparison with a Boltzmann-Nordheim-Vlasov approach + phase space coalescence model is discussed.

The properties of the remnant resulting from the emission of prompt particles in the interaction of 1AGeV197Au+C interactions have been compared with intranuclear cascade and Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenback transport calculations. The number of first-stage particles and the energy spectra of first-stage protons are also compared. Both models can fit the general but not the detailed features of the data.Received 24 March 1999DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.064606©1999 American Physical Society

Abstract Compact solid-state detectors based on CVD single-crystal diamonds (SCD), configured in a p-type/intrinsic/Schottky-metal layered structure, are proposed for the detection of high-energy ions at the 15-MV tandem accelerator of the Southern National Laboratory of INFN in Catania. The spectroscopic response of two thin-film SCD detectors has been studied by varying the angle of incidence of a 27–77 MeV 12C-scattered ion beam and a simple theoretical model is reported for the fit of the experimental curves of the collected energy vs. the angle of incidence. A rough estimation of the detector sensitive thickness and of the charge collection efficiency has thus been obtained. Keywords: CVDsingle-crystal diamonddetectorsion beams

Abstract. This research examines the nonstationary dynamics of extreme surges along the English Channel coasts and seeks to make their connection to the climate patterns at different time-scales by the use of a detailed spectral analysis in order to gain insights on the physical mechanisms relating the global atmospheric circulation to the local-scale variability of the monthly extreme surges. The variability of extreme surges highlights different oscillatory components from the interannual (~ 1.5-years, ~ 2–4-years, ~ 5–8-years) to the interdecadal (~ 12–16-years) scales with mean explained variances of ~ 25–32 % and ~ 2–4 % of the total variability, respectively. Using the two hypotheses that the physical mechanisms of the atmospheric circulation change according to the timescales and their connection with the local variability improves the prediction of the extremes, we have demonstrated statistically significant correlations between ~ 1.5-years, ~ 2–4-years, and ~ 5–8-years and 12–16-years with the different climate oscillations of Sea-Level Pressure, Zonal Wind, North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, respectively. Such physical links have been used to implement the parameters of the time-dependent GEV distribution models. The introduced climate information in the GEV parameters has considerably improved the prediction of the different time-scales of surges with an explained variance higher than 30 %. This improvement exhibits their nonlinear relationship with the large-scale atmospheric circulation.

The inclusive light fragment (Z<~7) yield data in Au+Au reactions, measured by the EOS Collaboration at the LBNL Bevalac, are presented as a function of multiplicity. Moving from central to peripheral collisions the measured charge distributions develop progressively according to a power law which can be fitted, within errors, by a single τ exponent independently of the bombarding energy except for the data at 250A MeV. In addition, the location of the maximum in the individual yields of different charged fragments, for a given beam energy, shifts towards lower multiplicity as the fragment charge increases from Z=3 to Z=7. This trend is common to all six measured beam energies. Moments of charge distribution are also reported. The universal features observed in the present Au + Au data are consistent with previous experimental findings in the Au + C multifragmentation reaction at 1A GeV. Received 19 April 1999DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.61.044902©2000 American Physical Society

The transverse momenta (px,py) of projectile fragments produced by 1.0A GeV 197Au nuclei incident on Au and C targets have been measured. The medium and heavy fragments have px and py distributions, which are wider than predicted by models. For the Au target the widths of the distributions are significantly larger than those for C, particularly for the heavy fragments. The C distributions show a different gross structure, which may be due to the target-projectile size difference.Received 13 February 2001DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.014610©2001 American Physical Society

Rich in historical and cultural heritages, the stretch of the Seine valley that links Île-de-France to Normandy, between Mantes-la-Jolie and the Eure and Andelle confluence zone, belongs to one of the major sets of entrenched meanders known in the world. The valley presents steep hillsides punctuated by white chalk pinnacles alternating with deep funnels, contributing to the picturesque landscape of the valley segment. The geomorphic history of the Seine valley is inseparable of the Quaternary bioclimatic history, with its alternating glacial-interglacial and stadial-interstadial periods. All along the Pleistocene, periglacial processes interacted with fluvial erosion, leading to the formation, deepening, enlargement, and migration of the large meanders. The resulting, present-day geomorphological landscapes are enriched by many cultural treasures. Its emblematic sites are the medieval castles of La Roche-Guyon and Les Andelys (Château-Gaillard) which were built on rocky promontories on the concave sides of two large meanders. The mid-Seine valley is also known as a high place of the impressionism, the founder and master of which, Claude Monet, settled here for the second half of his life and created the wonderful gardens of Giverny on the lower Epte River. He and many other impressionist and postimpressionist painters, sensitive to a certain harmony of the local landforms, magnified and immortalized the surrounding landscapes.

The Heavy Ion Spectrometer System (HISS) at the LBL Bevalac provided a unique facility for measuring projectile fragmentation cross-sections important in deconvolving the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) source composition. The general characteristics of the apparatus specific to this application are described and the main features of the event reconstruction and analysis used in the TRANSPORT experiment are discussed.

Measurements of angular distributions for inelastic scattering in the $^{11}\mathrm{B}$${+}^{12}$C system with excitation of the ${2}^{+}$ (4.44 MeV) level of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and 1/${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ (2.12 MeV) and 5/${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ (4.44 MeV) levels of $^{11}\mathrm{B}$ nuclei were performed in the energy range from 15 to 40 MeV c.m. in \ensuremath{\simeq}2.5 MeV steps in broad angular regions up to about 170\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} c.m. The cross section at forward angles was well described in the distorted-wave Born approximation by collective model with energy-independent deformation length. The rise of cross section at the backward angles was explained as inelastic proton transfer. The extracted values of the proton spectroscopic factors for the excited nuclei $^{12}\mathrm{C}_{4.44}^{\mathrm{*}}$ and $^{11}\mathrm{B}_{2.12}^{\mathrm{*}}$ are energy independent in contradiction to the previously found energy-dependent spectroscopic factor for $^{12}\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}$=p${+}^{11}$${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}$.

To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB.

The AGS Experiment 896 was designed to study strangeness production in Au—Au collisions at 11.6A GeV/c, in particular the formation of a six-quark di-baryon the H0. Heavy ion collisions provide favorable conditions for the H0 formation either via coalescence of two Λ particles (owing to the large Λ production cross section) or direct production from the possible formation of a quark-gluon plasma. E896 also measured strange meson and baryon distributions from mid-rapidity. Preliminary results from this experiment are presented as well as details of the expected sensitivity for the H0 search.

Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about Cosmic Rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector with excellent energy resolution is currently under construction in China. JUNO will be able to detect several atmospheric neutrinos per day given the large volume. A study on the JUNO detection and reconstruction capabilities of atmospheric $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ fluxes is presented in this paper. In this study, a sample of atmospheric neutrinos Monte Carlo events has been generated, starting from theoretical models, and then processed by the detector simulation. The excellent timing resolution of the 3 PMT light detection system of JUNO detector and the much higher light yield for scintillation over Cherenkov allow to measure the time structure of the scintillation light with very high precision. Since $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ interactions produce a slightly different light pattern, the different time evolution of light allows to discriminate the flavor of primary neutrinos. A probabilistic unfolding method has been used, in order to infer the primary neutrino energy spectrum from the detector experimental observables. The simulated spectrum has been reconstructed between 100 MeV and 10 GeV, showing a great potential of the detector in the atmospheric low energy region.

Neutron production, in coincidence with fragments emitted in the ${}^{40}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{H}$ reaction at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=357A$ and $565A \mathrm{MeV},$ has been measured using a 3-module version of the multifunctional neutron spectrometer MUFFINS. The mean neutron multiplicities for neutrons detected in the angular range covered by MUFFINS $(0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{-}3.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$ have been estimated from the comparison between the neutron cross sections, in coincidence with the fragments, and the elemental cross sections. We have found evidence for a preequilibrium emission of prompt neutrons in superposition to a ``slower'' deexcitation of the equilibrated remnant by emission of nucleons and fragments, as already seen in inclusive rapidity distributions. The energy dependence of the inclusive neutron production cross sections, measured in a previous work, is here interpreted as due to the stronger neutron focusing in the forward direction at the higher energy. Comparison with a BNV+phase space coalescence model is discussed.