Roberval Walsh

Dataset quality heavily impacts the predictive performance of data-driven modelling. This issue can be exacerbated in the prediction of agricultural production due to the complex interactions between the climate, the environment and the way the plant is affected by these conditions during the season. This study aims to create an empirical model to predict Head Rice Yield (HRY), the primary quality metric for rice growers and millers globally. Model development focused on an industry-level dataset made available by SunRice, Australia's most prominent rice trading company. Using the SunRice data, two dataset construction methods were implemented to evaluate the effect of dataset construction and data pre-processing on model accuracy. The first dataset construction method was based on aggregating meteorological conditions using estimates of phenology, while the second method used aggregations based on defined lengths of time. Deviations of each construction method were generated to explore the impact of varying levels in aggregation stages and stage lengths. Each constructed dataset underwent feature selection prior to model training using the XGBoost algorithm with Leave-One-Year-Out Cross-Validation. The time-based dataset construction method proved to be the most accurate dataset construction method, producing the highest mean model accuracy scores across all pre-processing and model training configurations. The single most accurate model came from the two-week aggregation dataset, which yielded a 125% increase in Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient compared to the worst-performing model produced in this study. Developing a highly accurate model that allows for crop stage knowledge discovery is critical for uncovering actionable insights to improve the management of future rice crops for HRY. The knowledge discovered in this study provides actionable insights to improve the management of future rice crops for HRY. The developed model demonstrates the potential for SunRice to predict HRY at the receival point to optimise post-harvest handling and milling. When matched to region-specific data, the dataset construction methods explored can be replicated in other rice-growing regions globally.

The precision measurements envisaged at the International Linear Collider (ILC) depend on excellent instrumentation and reconstruction software. The correct identification of heavy flavour jets, placing unprecedented requirements on the quality of the vertex detector, will be central for the ILC programme. This paper describes the LCFIVertex software, which provides tools for vertex finding and for identification of the flavour and charge of the leading hadron in heavy flavour jets. These tools are essential for the ongoing optimisation of the vertex detector design for linear colliders such as the ILC. The paper describes the algorithms implemented in the LCFIVertex package as well as the scope of the code and its performance for a typical vertex detector design.

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2 s^-1. The complex includes a polarized electron source, an undulator-based positron source, two 6.7 km circumference damping rings, two-stage bunch compressors, two 11 km long main linacs and a 4.5 km long beam delivery system. This report is Volume III (Accelerator) of the four volume Reference Design Report, which describes the design and cost of the ILC.

A bstract A search for new top quark interactions is performed within the framework of an effective field theory using the associated production of either one or two top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Five dimension-six operators modifying the electroweak interactions of the top quark are considered. Novel machine-learning techniques are used to enhance the sensitivity to effects arising from these operators. Distributions used for the signal extraction are parameterized in terms of Wilson coefficients describing the interaction strengths of the operators. All five Wilson coefficients are simultaneously fit to data and 95% confidence level intervals are computed. All results are consistent with the SM expectations.

The CMS beam and radiation monitoring subsystem BCM1F (Fast Beam Condition Monitor) consists of 8 individual diamond sensors situated around the beam pipe within the pixel detector volume, for the purpose of fast bunch-by-bunch monitoring of beam background and collision products. In addition, effort is ongoing to use BCM1F as an online luminosity monitor. BCM1F will be running whenever there is beam in LHC, and its data acquisition is independent from the data acquisition of the CMS detector, hence it delivers luminosity even when CMS is not taking data. A report is given on the performance of BCM1F during LHC run I, including results of the van der Meer scan and on-line luminosity monitoring done in 2012. In order to match the requirements due to higher luminosity and 25 ns bunch spacing, several changes to the system must be implemented during the upcoming shutdown, including upgraded electronics and precise gain monitoring. First results from Run II preparation are shown.

A new pixel detector for the CMS experiment was built in order to cope with the instantaneous luminosities anticipated for the Phase~I Upgrade of the LHC. The new CMS pixel detector provides four-hit tracking with a reduced material budget as well as new cooling and powering schemes. A new front-end readout chip mitigates buffering and bandwidth limitations, and allows operation at low comparator thresholds. In this paper, comprehensive test beam studies are presented, which have been conducted to verify the design and to quantify the performance of the new detector assemblies in terms of tracking efficiency and spatial resolution. Under optimal conditions, the tracking efficiency is $99.95\pm0.05\,\%$, while the intrinsic spatial resolutions are $4.80\pm0.25\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ and $7.99\pm0.21\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ along the $100\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ and $150\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ pixel pitch, respectively. The findings are compared to a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the pixel detector and good agreement is found.

The Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity Project of the CMS experiment consists of several beam monitoring systems and luminometers. The upgraded Fast Beam Conditions Monitor is based on 24 single crystal diamond sensors with a two-pad metallization and a custom designed readout. Signals for real time monitoring are transmitted to the counting room, where they are received and processed by new back-end electronics designed to measure count rates on LHC collision, beam induced background and activation products to be used to determine the luminosity and the machine induced background. The system architecture and the signal processing algorithms will be presented.

The CMS Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity (BRIL) project is composed of several systems providing the experiment protection from adverse beam conditions while also measuring the online luminosity and beam background. Although the readout bandwidth of the Fast Beam Conditions Monitoring system (BCM1F—one of the faster monitoring systems of the CMS BRIL), was sufficient for the initial LHC conditions, the foreseen enhancement of the beams parameters after the LHC Long Shutdown-1 (LS1) imposed the upgrade of the system. This paper presents the new BCM1F, which is designed to provide real-time fast diagnosis of beam conditions and instantaneous luminosity with readout able to resolve the 25 ns bunch structure.

The in situ storage image sensor (ISIS) is a monolithic active pixel sensor with memory cells in each pixel. The memory cells are implemented as a CCD register. This and other features of the sensor make the ISIS an excellent device for detectors that will be used at the International linear collider (ILC), an electron-positron accelerator with a proposed centre-of-mass energy of around 500 GeV. The sensor can be made very thin while retaining a high signal-to-noise ratio. The memory cells can be read out between bunch trains at a relatively low clock speed, hence limiting power consumption. The actual signal charge is stored in potential wells and not on capacitors, minimizing the sensitivity to electromagnetic interference. This paper presents the results of the first beam test of the first ISIS prototype. The measurements made include the signal-to-noise ratio, position resolution and efficiency.

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the two large, general purpose experiments situated at the LHC at CERN. As with all high energy physics experiments, knowledge of the beam conditions and luminosity is of vital importance. The Beam Conditions and Radiation Monitoring System (BRM) is installed in CMS to protect the detector and to provide feedback to LHC on beam conditions. It is composed of several sub-systems that measure the radiation level close to or inside all sub-detectors, monitor the beam halo conditions with different time resolution, support beam tuning and protect CMS in case of adverse beam conditions by firing a beam abort signal. This paper presents three of the BRM subsystems: the Fast Beam Conditions Monitor (BCM1F), which is designed for fast flux monitoring, measuring with nanosecond time resolution, both the beam halo and collision products; the Beam Scintillator Counters (BSC), that provide hit rates and time information of beam halo and collision products; and the Beam Conditions Monitors (BCM) used as a protection system that can trigger a beam dump when beam losses occur in order to prevent damage to the pixel and tracker detectors. A description of the systems and a characterization on the basis of data collected during LHC operation is presented.

The Beam Conditions and Radiation Monitoring System (BRM), is installed in CMS to protect the CMS detector from high beam losses and to provide feedback to the LHC and CMS on the beam conditions. The primary detector subsystems are based on either single crystal diamond sensors (BCM1F) for particle counting with nanosecond resolution or on polycrystalline diamonds (BCM2; BCM1L) for integrated signal current measurements. Beam scintillation counters (BSC) are also used during low luminosity running. The detectors have radiation hard front-end electronics and are read out independently of the CMS central data acquisition and are online whenever there is beam in the LHC machine. The various sub-systems exploit different time resolutions and position locations to be able to monitor the beam induced backgrounds and the flux of particles produced during collisions. This paper describes the CMS BRM system and the complementary aspects of the installed BRM sub-detectors to measure both single particle count rates and signal currents originating from beam backgrounds and collision products in CMS.

The CMS beam and radiation monitoring subsystem BCM1F during LHC Run I consisted of 8 individual diamond sensors situated around the beam pipe within the tracker detector volume, for the purpose of fast monitoring of beam background and collision products. Effort is ongoing to develop the use of BCM1F as an online bunch-by-bunch luminosity monitor. BCM1F will be running whenever there is beam in LHC, and its data acquisition is independent from the data acquisition of the CMS detector, hence it delivers luminosity even when CMS is not taking data. To prepare for the expected increase in the LHC luminosity and the change from 50 ns to 25 ns bunch separation, several changes to the system are required, including a higher number of sensors and upgraded electronics. In particular, a new real-time digitizer with large memory was developed and is being integrated into a multi-subsystem framework for luminosity measurement. Current results from Run II preparation will be shown, including results from the January 2014 test beam. Presented at TIPP2014 3rd International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics, Upgraded Fast Beam Conditions Monitor for CMS online luminosity measurement Jessica Lynn Leonard*, Maria Hempel†, Hans Henschel, Olena Karacheban, Wolfgang Lange, Wolfgang Lohmann†, Roberval Walsh DESY Zeuthen, Germany E-mail:jessica.lynn.leonard@desy.de, maria.hempel@desy.de, hans.henschel@desy.de, olena.karacheban@desy.de, wolfgang.lange@desy.de, wolfgang.lohmann@desy.de, roberval.walsh@desy.de Anne Dabrowski, Vladimir Ryjov CERN Geneva, Switzerland E-mail: anne.evelyn.dabrowski@cern.ch, vladimir.ryjov@cern.ch David Stickland Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey, USA E-mail: david.peter.stickland@cern.ch The CMS beam and radiation monitoring subsystem BCM1F during LHC Run I consisted of 8 individual diamond sensors situated around the beam pipe within the tracker detector volume, for the purpose of fast monitoring of beam background and collision products. Effort is ongoing to develop the use of BCM1F as an online bunch-by-bunch luminosity monitor. BCM1F will be running whenever there is beam in LHC, and its data acquisition is independent from the data acquisition of the CMS detector, hence it delivers luminosity even when CMS is not taking data. To prepare for the expected increase in the LHC luminosity and the change from 50 ns to 25 ns bunch separation, several changes to the system are required, including a higher number of sensors and upgraded electronics. In particular, a new real-time digitizer with large memory was developed and is being integrated into a multi-subsystem framework for luminosity measurement. Current results from Run II preparation will be discussed, including results from the January 2014 test beam. Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2014 2-6 June, 2014 Amsterdam, the Netherlands * Speaker † Also at Brandenburg Technical University, Cottbus, Germany  Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. http://pos.sissa.it BCM1F for CMS online luminosity Jessica Lynn Leonard 1. Overview of BCM1F The CMS Fast Beam Condition Monitor (BCM1F)[1] provides bunch-by-bunch information on the flux of beam halo and collision products passing through the inner CMS detector[2]. The system was originally designed to monitor the condition of the beam to ensure low enough tracker occupancy for data-taking. However, BCM1F's purpose has evolved to include fast measurement of luminosity in order to function as an online luminometer.

The In Situ Storage Image Sensor (ISIS) is a monolithic active pixel sensor with memory cells in each pixel. The memory cells are implemented as a CCD register. A test device with parameters suitable for tracking charged particles has been constructed and characterized. The characteristics of a proof-of-principle ISIS device are described and results from using the sensor as a tracking device for high energy electrons are presented.

The Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity Project of the CMS experiment, consists of several beam monitoring systems. One system, the upgraded Fast Beams Condition Monitor, is based on 24 single crystal CVD diamonds with a double-pad sensor metallization and a custom designed readout. Signals for real-time monitoring are transmitted to the counting room, where they are received and processed by new back-end electronics designed to extract information on LHC collision, beam induced background and activation products. The Slow Control Driver is designed for the front-end electronics configuration and control. The system architecture and the upgrade status will be presented.

The Linear Collider Flavour Identification (LCFI) collaboration has successfully developed the first prototype of a novel particle detector, the In-situ Storage Image Sensor (ISIS). This device ideally suits the challenging requirements for the vertex detector at the future International Linear Collider (ILC), combining the charge storing capabilities of the Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD) with readout commonly used in CMOS imagers. The ISIS avoids the need for high-speed readout and offers low power operation combined with low noise, high immunity to electromagnetic interference and increased radiation hardness compared to typical CCDs. The ISIS is one of the most promising detector technologies for vertexing at the ILC. In this paper we describe the measurements on the charge-shielding properties of the p-well, which is used to protect the storage register from parasitic charge collection and is at the core of device's operation. We show that the p-well can suppress the parasitic charge collection by almost two orders of magnitude, satisfying the requirements for the application.

The Fast Beam Conditions Monitor, BCM1F, in the Compact Muon Solenoid, CMS, experiment was operated since 2008 and delivered invaluable information on the machine induced background in the inner part of the CMS detector supporting a safe operation of the inner tracker and high quality data. Due to the shortening of the time between two bunch crossings from 50 ns to 25 ns and higher expected luminosity at the Large Hadron Collider, LHC, in 2015, BCM1F needed an upgrade to higher bandwidth. In addition, BCM1F is used as an on-line luminometer operated independently of CMS. To match these requirements, the number of single crystal diamond sensors was enhanced from 8 to 24. Each sensor is subdivided into two pads, leading to 48 readout channels. Dedicated fast front-end ASICs were developed in 130 nm technology, and the back-end electronics is completely upgraded. An assembled prototype BCM1F detector comprising sensors, a fast front-end ASIC and optical analog readout was studied in a 5 GeV electron beam at the DESY-II accelerator. Results on the performance are given.

We discuss possible deviations from QED produced by a virtual excited spin-3/2 lepton in the reaction ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma}.$ Data recorded by the OPAL Collaboration at a c.m. energy $\sqrt{s}=183 \mathrm{GeV}$ are used to establish bounds on the nonstandard-lepton mass and coupling strengths.

We study the effect of anomalous $\mathrm{CP}$-conserving gauge boson couplings of the $Z\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\mathrm{ZZ}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ vertices on the reaction ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{Z}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ at NLC energies. Limits on these trilinear couplings are obtained at the $95%$ confidence level for different form factor scales, assuming that any other neutral gauge boson couplings vanish at the tree level.

In this paper we analyze the effects of the anomalous gauge boson couplings of the $Z\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $Z\ensuremath{\gamma}Z$ vertices in radiative M\o{}ller scattering ${(e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma})$ at the Next Linear Collider (NLC). The 95% confidence level limits for these trilinear couplings are evaluated considering three different sets of the ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ NLC parameters. We also present a brief discussion on the sensitivity of the NLC to the form factor scale $\ensuremath{\Lambda}.$

Searches for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into b quarks and produced in association with either vector bosons or top quark pairs are performed in proton-proton collisions with the CMS detector at the LHC. A search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying into b quarks and produced in association with at least one additional b quark is also performed. This mode is expected to be particularly sensitive to Higgs bosons in MSSM scenarios with large values of the parameter tan β

We analyze the prospects of probing anomalous $Z\ensuremath{\gamma}Z$ couplings at the proposed $\mathrm{ep}$ mode of the Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC), by means of the process ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\ensuremath{\gamma}+X.$ The $95%$ C.L. limits for the form factors that describe the $Z\ensuremath{\gamma}Z$ vertex are calculated for the $\mathrm{ep}$ collider of the VLHC, both in its low- and high-field options, and for the current energies and luminosities of the DESY HERA $\mathrm{ep}$ collider. The sensitivity of the VLHC $\mathrm{ep}$ collider to the form factor scale $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ is briefly discussed.

The Fast Beam Conditions Monitor, BCM1F, is one among the beam conditions and radiation monitors installed in and around the CMS detector. It monitors the flux of particles with nanosecond time resolution and was designed to give a fast response being able to trigger possible harmful beam losses. Since November 2009, when the LHC restarted running with beams and providing proton-proton collisions, BCM1F has been recording data from beam-halo and collision particles. The performance of BCM1F during the last year of LHC operations is here presented.

We discuss the effects of a t-channel excited electron neutrino on the reaction ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{W}^{+}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}.$ Data collected by the OPAL Collaboration at CERN LEP energies up to $189\mathrm{GeV}$ are used to establish $95%$ confidence level bounds on the mass and couplings of this excited neutrino. Rejection limits are also obtained for a future $500\mathrm{GeV}$ Next Linear Collider machine, assuming no excited neutrino will be detected at such an energy regime.

The Beam Conditions and Radiation Monitoring System, BRM, is implemented in CMS to protect the detector and provide an interface to the LHC. Seven sub-systems monitor beam conditions and the radiation level inside the detector on different time scales. They detect adverse beam conditions, facilitate beam tuning close to CMS, and measure the doses accumulated in different detector components. Data are taken and analysed independently of the CMS data acquisition, displayed in the control room, and provide inputs to the trigger system and the LHC operators. In case of beam conditions dangerous to the CMS detector, a beam abort is induced. The Fast Beam Conditions Monitor, BCM1F, is a flux counter close to the beam pipe inside the tracker volume. It uses single-crystal CVD diamond sensors, radiation-hard FE electronics, and optical signal transmission to measure the beam halo as well as collision products bunch by bunch. The system has been operational during the initiatory runs of LHC in September 2008. It works reliably since the restart in 2009 and is invaluable to CMS for everyday LHC operation. A characterisation of the system on the basis of data collected during LHC operation is presented.

Charge-dependent anisotropy Fourier coefficients ($v_n$) of particle azimuthal distributions are measured in pPb and PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The normalized difference in the second-order anisotropy coefficients ($v_2$) between positively and negatively charged particles is found to depend linearly on the observed event charge asymmetry with comparable slopes for both pPb and PbPb collisions over a wide range of charged particle multiplicity. In PbPb, the third-order anisotropy coefficient, $v_3$, shows a similar linear dependence with the same slope as seen for $v_2$. The observed similarities between the $v_2$ slopes for pPb and PbPb, as well as the similar slopes for $v_2$ and $v_3$ in PbPb, are compatible with expectations based on local charge conservation in the decay of clusters or resonances, and constitute a challenge to the hypothesis that the observed charge asymmetry dependence of $v_2$ in heavy ion collisions arises from a chiral magnetic wave.

In this contribution the status of the flavour tagging performance for the LDCPrime detector model and studies of the track selection parameters and effects from beam backgrounds in flavour tagging using the LCFIVertex package are presented. This work is part of an effort towards a default configuration for the ILD detector optimisation.

Charm production in deep inelastic scattering has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of approximately 82 pb−1. Charm has been tagged by reconstructing D*±, D0, D±, Ds± and Λc± charm hadrons in the kinematic region 1.5 < Q2 < 1000 GeV2, 0.02 < y < 0.7, pT(D, Λc) > 3 GeV and |η(D, Λc)| < 1.6. The charm fragmentation ratios and fractions are measured in the kinematic range considered.