Raghunath Pradhan

The discovery of hot and dense quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter, known as Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), is an essential milestone in understanding the finite temperature QCD medium. Experimentalists around the world collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. The experimentalists analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe just after the Big Bang. Recent advancements in theory, experimental techniques, and high computing facilities help us to better interpret experimental observations in heavy ion collisions. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theorists is crucial for the characterization of QGP. The motivation of this first conference, named Hot QCD Matter 2022 is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this paper, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This paper begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP. Finally, it concludes with an overview of experimental results.

The two particle correlations as a function of relative momenta of identified hadrons involving K s 0 and Λ/Λ¯ are measured in PbPb collisions at √S NN = 5.02 TeV with the data samples collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Such correlations are sensitive to the quantum statistics and possible final state interactions between the particles. The source radii are extracted from K S 0 K S 0 correlations in different centrality regions and found to decrease from central to peripheral collisions. The strong interaction scattering parameters are extracted from ΛK S 0 K S 0 ⊕Λ¯K S 0 and ΛΛ⊕ΛΛ¯ correlations using the Lednicky-Lyuboshits model, and compared with other experimental and theoretical results. In addition, we present results for the source radii of charged hadrons considering the Levy type source distributions in PbPb collisions at √S NN = 5.02 TeV.

Transformer models are demonstrating remarkable and emergent capabilities in the natural language processing domain. These models are bounded only by the availability of large training datasets. These datasets can be tractably obtained since natural language models are pre-trained using self-supervision in the form of token masking. Papers like He et al. and Cao et al. have recently shown the power of this token masking technique by utilizing masked autoencoders as scalable vision learners in combination with a self-supervised pre-training technique for vision transformer models. Feichtenhofer et al. extended these techniques to video, proving that masked autoencoders are scalable spatiotemporal learners as well. To our best knowledge, these techniques have only been experimented on ground-level, object-centric style imagery and video. Extending these techniques to remote or overhead imagery presents two significant problems. First, the size of objects of interest are small compared to the typical mask patch size. Second, the frames are not object centered. In this study, we explore if modern self-supervised pre-training techniques like masked auto encoding extend well to overhead wide area motion imagery (WAMI) data. We argue that modern pre-training techniques like MAE are well suited to WAMI data given the typical object size in this domain as well as the ability to leverage strong global spatial contextual information. To this end, we conduct a comprehensive exploration of different patch sizes and masking ratios on the popular WAMI dataset, WPAFB 2009. We find that domain-specific adjustments to these pre-training techniques result in downstream performance improvements on computer vision tasks including object detection.

A study was conducted in Galyang Municipality, Putalibazar Municipality, and Phedikhola Rural Municipality in Syangja district to analyze the potato value chain and evaluate its productivity, profitability, and marketing margins. A total of 74 potato producers, 2 aggregators, 2 wholesalers, 4 retailers, and 7 consumers were selected using random purposive sampling for data collection. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Excel software. The cost of production per ropani was NRs. 16789.60 and the productivity was 7.02 quintals per ropani. The B/C ratio obtained was 2.06 with the net margin NRs. 6710.5 per ropani. The producer’s share of the consumer’s price was NRs. 66.43% for fresh vegetables and 70.91% for tubers. The marketing margin for aggregators, retailers, and wholesalers was NRs. 834, NRs. 1270, and NRs. 946 respectively. The main constraints of potato production were the incidence of diseases and pests such as late blight and red ant, lack of technology and technical manpower, decreasing labor availability, and high production cost. Therefore, it is recommended to establish linkages between the government and different actors in production areas for proper grading and leveling of the product for quality products available in the local area as well as for enhancing export. The government and development agencies should support farmers’ organizations for integrated disease management, reduce the cost of production, and develop agricultural marketing infrastructure for easy market access to farmers.

We present the elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient ( 2 ) of the identified strange hadrons, K 0 S and Λ, in pPb and PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV at mid-rapidity (|| < 1), and the heavy-flavor hadrons, D 0 and J/, in pPb at 8.16 TeV and high-multiplicity pp at 13 TeV and Υ(1S) and Υ(2S), in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV.The data samples were collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC.The 2 coefficients of identified strange hadrons were measured using the scalar product and multi-particle cumulant methods as a function of for different centralities in PbPb collisions and event multiplicities in pPb collisions and compared with inclusive charged hadrons as well as the hydrodynamic calculations with initial conditions.The 2 coefficients of D 0 and J/ mesons in pPb collisions are measured using the long-range two-particle correlation technique and compared with the results from color glass condensate (CGC) model.The positive 2 results of D 0 and J/ in high multiplicity pp and pPb collisions suggest the collectivity of charm quarks in small system.For the first time, collectivity of b hadrons are studied via non-prompt D 0 using long-range twoparticle correlation technique and Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) mesons using scalar product method.The 2 results for Υ(1S) meson as a function of is compared with theoretical predictions from five different approaches.These measurements provide insights into the origin of the collective phenomena in small and large systems.

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy-ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.