R. Patel

Using data collected with the CLEO detector operating at the CESR e+e- collider at sqrt[s]=3.97-4.26 GeV, we investigate 15 charmonium decay modes of the psi(4040), psi(4160), and Y(4260) resonances. We confirm, at 11 sigma significance, the BABAR Y(4260)-->pi+pi- J/psi discovery, make the first observation of Y(4260)--> pi(0)pi(0) J/psi (5.1 sigma), and find the first evidence for Y(4260)-->K+K- J/psi(3.7 sigma). We measure e+e- cross sections at sqrt[s]=4.26 GeV as sigma(pi+pi- J/psi)=58(+12)(-10)+/-4 pb, sigma(pi(0)pi(0) J/psi)=23(+12)(-8)+/-1 pb, and sigma(K+K- J/psi)=9(+9)(-5)+/-1 pb, in which the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Upper limits are placed on other decay rates from all three resonances.

Using $13.3\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collision data taken in the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1S\ensuremath{-}4S)$ region with the CLEO III detector at the CESR collider, a search has been made for the new resonance $Y(4260)$ recently reported by the BABAR Collaboration. The production of $Y(4260)$ in initial state radiation (ISR), and its decay into ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi}$, are confirmed. A good quality fit to our data is obtained with a single resonance. We determine $M(Y(4260))=({4284}_{\ensuremath{-}16}^{+17}(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4(\mathrm{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(Y(4260))=({73}_{\ensuremath{-}25}^{+39}(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5(\mathrm{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{ee}(Y(4260))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(Y(4260)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi})=({8.9}_{\ensuremath{-}3.1}^{+3.9}(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8(\mathrm{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}/{c}^{2}$.

Using $281\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions recorded at the $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ resonance with the CLEO-c detector at CESR (Cornell Electron Storage Ring), we determine absolute hadronic branching fractions of charged and neutral $D$ mesons using a double tag technique. Among measurements for three ${D}^{0}$ and six ${D}^{+}$ modes, we obtain reference branching fractions $\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(3.891\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.035\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.059\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.035)%$ and $\mathcal{B}({D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(9.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07)%$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is all systematic errors other than final-state radiation (FSR), and the third is the systematic uncertainty due to FSR. We include FSR in these branching fractions by allowing for additional unobserved photons in the final state. Using an independent determination of the integrated luminosity, we also extract the cross sections $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\overline{D}}^{0})=(3.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(2.91\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ at a center-of-mass energy, ${E}_{\mathrm{cm}}=3774\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$.

We extract a relatively precise value for the decay constant of the ${D}^{+}$ meson by measuring $\mathcal{B}({D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})=(4.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.66}_{\ensuremath{-}0.12}^{+0.09})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ using $281\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data taken on the $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ resonance with the CLEO-$c$ detector. We find ${f}_{{D}^{+}}=(222.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{16.7}_{\ensuremath{-}3.4}^{+2.8})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, and compare with current theoretical calculations. We also set a 90% confidence upper limit on $\mathcal{B}({D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})<2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ which constrains new physics models.

Thin films of indium doped cadmium oxide were deposited on quartz substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of growth temperature and partial oxygen pressure on structural, optical and electrical properties was studied. We find that the optical transparency of the films largely depends on the growth temperature, while partial oxygen pressure has virtually no effect on the transparency of the films. Electrical properties are found to be sensitive to both the growth temperature and oxygen pressure. It is observed that conductivity and carrier concentration decreases with temperature. The film grown at 200 °C under an oxygen pressure of 5.0 × 10− 4 mbar shows high mobility (155 cm2/V s), high carrier concentration (1.41 × 1021 cm3), and low resistivity (2.86 × 10− 5 Ω cm).

Using the CLEO-c detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have measured inclusive and exclusive cross sections for the production of D+, D0 and Ds+ mesons in e+e- annihilations at thirteen center-of-mass energies between 3.97 and 4.26 GeV. Exclusive cross sections are presented for final states consisting of two charm mesons (DD, D*D, D*D*, Ds+Ds-, Ds*+Ds-, and Ds*+Ds*-) and for processes in which the charm-meson pair is accompanied by a pion. No enhancement in any final state is observed at the energy of the Y(4260).

Highly conducting and transparent aluminum doped CdO thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of growth temperature on structural, electrical, and optical properties was studied. It is observed that the film orientation changes from preferred (1 1 1) plane to (2 0 0) plane with increase in growth temperature. The electrical resistivity of the films was found to increase with increase in growth temperature. The low resistivity of 4.3 × 10−5 Ω cm and high transparency (∼85%) was obtained for the film grown at 150 °C. The band gap of the films varies from 2.74 eV to 2.84 eV.

The optical absorption coefficient is a crucial parameter in determining solar cell efficiency under operational conditions. It is well known that inorganic nanocrystals are a benchmark model for solar cell nanotechnology, given that the tunability of optical properties and stabilization of specific phases are uniquely possible at the nanoscale. A hydrothermal method was employed to fabricate nanostructured copper oxides where the shape, size and phase were tailored by altering the growth parameters, namely the base media used, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time. The nano crystalline structures, phases, morphology, molecular vibrational modes, and optical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and UV-vis spectroscopy. A significantly large optical absorption coefficient, of the order of twice that of Si in the visible range, was observed in a particular phase mixture of nanostructured copper oxides. An optical absorption coefficient of 7.05 10(+5) cm(-1) at 525 nm was observed in a particular nanostructured phase mixture of copper oxides which is appreciably larger than commercially pure CuO (1.19 10(+5) cm(-1)) and Si (1.72 10(+5) cm(-1)). A possible mechanism of formation of phase mixtures and morphology of copper oxides has also been discussed, which opens up a roadmap in synthesis of similar morphology nanostructures for efficient solar cells.

Carbon nanoparticles were prepared from glycerol by a thermal process in the presence of H3PO4. These particles were spherical with an average diameter of 66 nm and consisted of a carbon core with carboxylic acid and alcohol functional groups on the surface. The particles were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, light scattering, ultraviolet–visible, fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Glassy carbon electrodes were modified, by drop casting, with the carbon nanoparticles and used for heavy metal detection with square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Parameters such as accumulation (pre-concentration) time, amount of carbon nanoparticles casted, reduction time and reduction potential were optimized. Potential application of these glassy carbon electrodes modified with carbon nanoparticles for electrochemical analysis was demonstrated by the detection of heavy metal ions in tap water. The average recoveries of Pb2+ and Cu2+ in spiked tap water samples were 98.2% and 96.7% with a relative standard deviations of 7.4% and 8.5%, respectively.

Quantum dots are nanoparticles (2-10 nm) that emit strong and tunable fluorescence. Quantum dots have been heavily used in high-demand commercialized products, research, and for medical purposes. Emerging concerns have demonstrated the negative impact of quantum dots on living cells; however, the intracellular trafficking of QDs in yeast cells and the effect of this interaction remains unclear. The primary goal of our research is to investigate the trafficking path of red cadmium selenide zinc sulfide quantum dots (CdSe/ZnS QDs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the impact QDs have on yeast cellular dynamics. Using cells with GFP-tagged reference organelle markers and confocal microscopy, we were able to track the internalization of QDs. We found that QDs initially aggregate at the exterior of yeast cells, enter the cell using clathrin-receptor-mediated endocytosis, and distribute at the late Golgi/trans-Golgi network. We also found that the treatment of red CdSe/ZnS QDs resulted in growth rate reduction and loss of polarized growth in yeast cells. Our RNA sequence analysis revealed many altered genes. Particularly, we found an upregulation of DID2, which has previously been associated with cell cycle arrest when overexpressed, and a downregulation of APS2, a gene that codes for a subunit of AP2 protein important for the recruitment of proteins to clathrin-mediated endocytosis vesicle. Furthermore, CdSe/ZnS QDs treatment resulted in a slightly delayed endocytosis and altered the actin dynamics in yeast cells. We found that QDs caused an increased level of F-actin and a significant reduction in profilin protein expression. In addition, there was a significant elevation in the amount of coronin protein expressed, while the level of cofilin was unchanged. Altogether, this suggests that QDs favor the assembly of actin filaments. Overall, this study provides a novel toxicity mechanism of red CdSe/ZnS QDs on yeast actin dynamics and cellular processes, including endocytosis.

The h(c)((1)P(1)) state of charmonium has been observed in the reaction psi(2S) --> pi(0)h(c) --> (gammagamma)(gammaeta(c)) using 3.08 x10(6) psi(2S) decays recorded in the CLEO detector. Data have been analyzed both for the inclusive reaction, where the decay products of the eta(c) are not identified, and for exclusive reactions, in which eta(c) decays are reconstructed in seven hadronic decay channels. We find M(h(c)) = 3524.4 +/- 0.6 +/- 0.4 MeV which corresponds to a hyperfine splitting DeltaM(hf)(1P) triple-bond <M((3)P(J)) - M((1)P(1)) = +1.0 +/- 0.6 +/- 0.4 MeV, and B(psi(2S) --> pi(0)h(c)) x B(h(c) --> gammaeta(c)) = (4.0 +/- 0.8 +/- 0.7) x 10(-4).

Using $55.8\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions recorded at the $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ resonance with the CLEO-c detector at CESR, we determine absolute hadronic branching fractions of charged and neutral $D$ mesons using a double tag technique. Among measurements for three ${D}^{0}$ and six ${D}^{+}$ modes, we obtain reference branching fractions $\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(3.91\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)%$ and $\mathcal{B}({D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(9.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)%$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Final state radiation is included in these branching fractions by allowing for additional, unobserved, photons in the final state. Using a determination of the integrated luminosity, we also extract the cross sections $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\overline{D}}^{0})=(3.60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.07}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05}^{+0.07})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(2.79\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.07}_{\ensuremath{-}0.04}^{+0.10})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$.

We search for a non-SM-like CP-odd Higgs boson (a(1)(0)) decaying to tau(+)tau(-) or mu(+)mu(-) in radiative decays of the Upsilon(1S). No significant signal is found, and upper limits on the product branching ratios are set. Our tau(+)tau(-) results are almost 2 orders of magnitude more stringent than previous upper limits. Our data provide no evidence for a Higgs state with a mass of 214 MeV decaying to mu(+)mu(-), previously proposed as an explanation for 3 Sigma(+)-->pmu(+)mu(-) events observed by the HyperCP experiment. Our results constrain NMSSM models.

Highly transparent and conducting thin films of ZnO–In2O3 were deposited using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The effect of composition and growth temperature on structural, electrical, and optical properties was studied. The lowest resistivity of 2.11×10−4 Ω cm and high transparency (∼80%) was obtained for the film having 5% In2O3 in ZnO. The band gap of the films depends on doping level and varies from 3.37 to 3.95 eV.

Highly conducting and transparent thin films of tin-doped cadmium oxide were deposited on quartz substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of growth temperature on structural, optical and electrical properties was studied. These films are highly transparent (78–89%) in visible region, and transmittance of the films depends on growth temperature. It is observed that resistivity increases with growth temperature after attaining minimum at 150 °C, while carrier concentration continuously decreases with temperature. The lowest resistivity of 1.96 × 10− 5 Ω cm and carrier concentration of 5.52 × 1021 cm3 is observed for the film grown at 150 °C. These highly conducting and transparent tin-doped CdO thin films grown via pulsed laser deposition could be an excellent candidate for future optoelectronic applications.

We observe signals for the decays ψ(3770)→XJ/ψ from data acquired with the CLEO detector operating at the CESR e+e− collider with √s=3773 MeV. We measure the following branching fractions B(ψ(3770)→XJ/ψ) and significances: (189±20±20)×10−5 (11.6σ) for X=π+π−, (80±25±16)×10−5 (3.4σ) for X=π0π0, and (87±33±22)×10−5 (3.5σ) for X=η, where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. The radiative return process e+e−→γψ(2S) populates the same event sample and is used to measure Γee[ψ(2S)]=(2.54±0.03±0.11) keV.Received 9 August 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.082004©2006 American Physical Society

A precision measurement of the mass of the h_c(1P1) state of charmonium has been made using a sample of 24.5 million psi(2S) events produced in e+e- annihilation at CESR. The reaction used was psi(2S) -> pi0 h_c, pi0 -> gamma gamma, h_c -> gamma eta_c, and the reaction products were detected in the CLEO-c detector. Data have been analyzed both for the inclusive reaction and for the exclusive reactions in which eta_c decays are reconstructed in fifteen hadronic decay channels. Consistent results are obtained in the two analyses. The averaged results of the present measurements are M(h_c)=3525.28+-0.19 (stat)+-0.12(syst) MeV, and B(psi(2S) -> pi0 h_c)xB(h_c -> gamma eta_c)= (4.19+-0.32+-0.45)x10^-4. Using the 3PJ centroid mass, Delta M_hf(1P)=<M(chi_cJ)> - M(h_c) = +0.02+-0.19+-0.13 MeV.

Using data obtained with the CLEO III detector, running at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), we report on a new study of exclusive radiative $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1\mathrm{S})$ decays into the final states $\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\overline{p}$. We present branching ratio measurements for the decay modes $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1\mathrm{S})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{f}_{2}(1270)$, $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1\mathrm{S})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{f}_{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}(1525)$, and $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1\mathrm{S})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$; helicity production ratios for ${f}_{2}(1270)$ and ${f}_{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}(1525)$; upper limits for the decay $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1\mathrm{S})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{f}_{J}(2200)$, with ${f}_{J}(2220)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $p\overline{p}$; and an upper limit for the decay $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1\mathrm{S})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}X(1860)$, with $X(1860)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}p\overline{p}$.

Gadolinium (Gd) doped cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films are grown at low temperature (100 °C) using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of oxygen partial pressures on structural, optical, and electrical properties is studied. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that these films are polycrystalline in nature with preferred orientation along (1 1 1) direction. Atomic force microscopy studies show that these films are very smooth with maximum root mean square roughness of 0.77 nm. These films are highly transparent and transparency of the films increases with increase in oxygen partial pressure. We observe an increase in optical bandgap of CdO films by Gd doping. The maximum optical band gap of 3.4 eV is observed for films grown at 1 × 10−5 mbar. The electrical resistivity of the films first decreases and then increases with increase in oxygen partial pressure. The lowest electrical resistivity of 2.71 × 10−5 Ω cm and highest mobility of 258 cm2/Vs is observed. These low temperature processed highly conducting, transparent, and wide bandgap semiconducting films could be used for flexible optoelectronic applications.

The study of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles, including quantum dots (QDs), with cellular constituents and the kinetics of their localization and transport, has provided new insights into their biological consequences in cancers and for the development of effective cancer therapies. The present study aims to elucidate the toxicity and intracellular transport kinetics of CdSe/ZnS and InP/ZnS QDs in late-stage ML-1 thyroid cancer using well-tested HeLa as a control. Our XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) viability assay (Cell Proliferation Kit II) showed that ML-1 cells and non-cancerous mouse fibroblast cells exhibit no viability defect in response to these QDs, whereas HeLa cell viability decreases. These results suggest that HeLa cells are more sensitive to the QDs compared to ML-1 cells. To test the possibility that transporting rates of QDs are different between HeLa and ML-1 cells, we performed a QD subcellular localization assay by determining Pearson's Coefficient values and found that HeLa cells showed faster QDs transporting towards the lysosome. Consistently, the ICP-OES test showed the uptake of CdSe/ZnS QDs in HeLa cells was significantly higher than in ML-1 cells. Together, we conclude that high levels of toxicity in HeLa are positively correlated with the traffic rate of QDs in the treated cells.

Background Carcinoid heart disease is increasingly recognized and challenging to manage due to limited outcomes data. This is the largest known cohort study of valvular pathology, treatment (including pulmonary and tricuspid valve replacements [PVR and TVR]), dispairties, mortality, and cost in patients with malignant carcinoid tumor (MCT). Methods Machine learning-augmented propensity score-adjusted multivariable regression was conducted for clincal outcomes in the 2016–2018 U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Regression models were weighted by the complex survey design and adjusted for known confounders and the likelihood of undergoing valvular procedures. Results Among 101,521,656 hospitalizations, 55,910 (0.06%) had MCT. Patients with MCT vs. those without had significantly higher inpatient mortality (2.93 vs. 2.04%, p = 0.002), longer mean length of stay (12.20 vs. 4.62, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and increased mean total cost of stay ($70,252.18 vs. 51,092.01, p &amp;lt; 0.001). There was a ste p- wise increased rate of TVR and PVR with each subsequent year, with significantly more TV (0.16% vs. 0.01, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and PV (0.03 vs. 0.00, p = 0.040) diagnosed with vs. without MCT for 2016, with comparable trends in 2017 and 2018. There were no significant procedural disparities among patients with MCT for sex, race, income, urban density, or geographic region, except in 2017, when the highest prevalence of PV procedures were performed in the Western North at 50.00% ( p = 0.034). In machine learning and propensity score augmented multivariable regression, MCT did not significantly increase the likelihood of TVR or PVR. In sub-group analysis restricted to MCT, neither TVR nor PVR significantly increased mortality, though it did increase cost (respectively, $141,082.30, p = 0.015; $355,356.40, p = 0.012). Conclusion This analysis reflects a favorable trend in recognizing the need for TVR and PVR in patients with MCT, with associated increased cost but not mortality. Our study also suggests that pulmonic valve pathology is increasingly recognized in MCT as reflected by the upward trend in PVRs. Further research and updated societal guidelines may need to focus on the “forgotten pulmonic valve” to improve outcomes and disparities in this understudied patient population.

We describe a search for psi(3770) decay to two-body non-DDbar final states in e+e- data produced by the CESR collider and analyzed with the CLEO-c detector. Vector-pseudoscalar production of Rho0Pi0, Rho+Pi-, OmegaPi0, PhiPi0, RhoEta, OmegaEta, PhiEta, RhoEtaPrime, OmegaEtaPrime, PhiEtaPrime, Kstar0 K0bar, and Kstar+K- is studied along with that of BOnePi (BOne0Pi0 and BOne+Pi-) and Pi+Pi-Pi0. A statistically significant signal is found for PhiEta, at an excess cross section of (2.4 +- 0.6) pb [Gamma_{PhiEta} (psi(3770)) =(74 +- 16)Mev], and a suggestive suppression of Pi+Pi-Pi0 and RhoPi. We conclude with form factor determinations for OmegaPi0, RhoEta, and RhoEtaPrime.

We perform a Dalitz plot analysis of D^+ -> K^-pi^+pi^+ decay with the CLEO-c data set of 572 pb^-1 of e^+e^- collisions accumulated at the psi(3770). This corresponds to 1.6 million D^+D^- pairs from which we select 140793 candidate events with a small background of 1.1%. We compare our results with previous measurements using the isobar model. We modify the isobar model with improved description of some of the contributing resonances, and get better agreement with our data. We also consider a quasi-model-independent approach and measure the magnitude and phase of the contributing K pi S wave in the range of invariant masses from the threshold to the maximum in this decay. This gives an improved descriptions of our data over the isobar model. Finally we allow for an isospin-two pi^+pi^+ S-wave contribution, and find that adding this to both the isobar model and quasi-model-independent approach gives the best description of our data.

From e+e- collision data acquired with the CLEO-c detector at CESR, we search for the non-DDbar decays psi(3770) -> gamma chi_cJ, with chi_cJ reconstructed in four exclusive decays modes containing charged pions and kaons. We report the first observation of such decays for J=0 with a branching ratio of (0.73+-0.07+-0.06)%. The rates for different J are consistent with the expectations assuming psi(3770) is predominantly a 1^3D_1 state of charmonium, but only if relativistic corrections are applied.

We study semileptonic B decay to the exclusive charmless states pi, rho/omega, eta, and eta;{'} using the 16 fb(-1) CLEO Upsilon(4S) data sample. We find B(B0-->pi-l+nu)=(1.37+/-0.15stat+/-0.11sys)x10(-4) and B(B0-->rho-l+nu)=(2.93+/-0.37stat+/-0.37sys)x10(-4) and find evidence for B+-->eta'l+nu, with B(B+-->eta'l+nu)=(2.66+/-0.80stat+/-0.56sys)x10(-4). From our B-->pilnu rate for q2>16 GeV2 and lattice QCD, we find |Vub|=(3.6+/0.4stat+/0.2syst-0.4thy+0.6)x10(-3) [corrected]

The branching fractions of D±s meson decays serve to normalize many measurements of processes involving charm quarks. Using 298 pb−1 of e+e− collisions recorded at a center of mass energy of 4.17 GeV, we determine absolute branching fractions for eight D±s decays with a double tag technique. In particular we determine the branching fraction B(D+s→K−K+π+)=(5.50±0.23±0.16)%, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also provide partial branching fractions for kinematic subsets of the K−K+π+ decay mode.Received 18 December 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.161804©2008 American Physical Society

Titanium-doped cadmium oxide thin films were deposited on quartz substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of substrate temperature on structural, optical and electrical properties was studied. The films grown at high temperature show (2 0 0) preferred orientation, while films grown at low temperature have both (1 1 1) and (2 0 0) orientation. These films are highly transparent (63–79%) in visible region, and transmittance of the films depends on growth temperature. The band gap of the films varies from 2.70 eV to 2.84 eV for various temperatures. It is observed that resistivity increases with growth temperature after attaining minimum at 150 °C, while carrier concentration continuously decreases with temperature. The low resistivity, high transmittance and wide band gap titanium-doped CdO films could be an excellent candidate for future optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.

We measure the decay constant f(Ds+) using the D(s+)-->l+ nu channel, where the l+ designates either a mu+ or a tau+, when the tau+ -->pi+ nu. Using both measurements we find f(Ds+)=274+/-13+/-7 MeV. Combining with our previous determination of f(D+), we compute the ratio f(Ds+)/f(D+)=1.23+/-0.11+/-0.04. We compare with theoretical estimates.

We report determination of branching fractions for the decays psi(2S) --> h + J/psi, where h=any, pi+pi-, pi0pi0, eta, pi0, and gamma gamma through chi_{c0,1,2}. These measurements use 27M psi(2S) decays produced in e+e- collision data collected with the CLEO detector. The resulting branching fractions and ratios thereof improve upon previously achieved precision in all cases, and in combination with other measurements permit determination of B(chi_cJ --> gamma J/psi) and B(psi(2S) --> light hadrons).

We have studied the inclusive photon spectra in Upsilon(2S) and Υ(3S) decays using a large statistics data sample obtained with the CLEO III detector. We present the most precise measurements of electric dipole (E1) photon transition rates and photon energies for Upsilon(2S)-&gt;gamma chi_bJ(1P) and Upsilon(3S)-&gt;gamma chi_bJ(2P) J=0,1,2. We measure the rate for a rare E1 transition Upsilon(3S)-&gt;gamma chi_b0(1P) for the first time. We also set upper limits on the rates for the hindered magnetic dipole (M1) transitions to the eta_b(1S) and eta_b(2S) states.

We have studied the inclusive photon spectrum in psi(2S) decays using the CLEO III detector. We present the most precise measurements of electric dipole (E1) photon transition rates for psi(2S)--> gamma chicJ(1P) (J=0,1,2). We also confirm the hindered magnetic dipole (M1) transition, psi(2S)-->gamma etac(1S). However, the direct M1 transition psi(2S)-->gamma etac(2S) observed by the Crystal Ball as a narrow peak at a photon energy of 91 MeV is not found in our data.

We investigate the decays D(0)-->pi(-)l(+)nu and D(0)-->K(-)l(+)nu, where l is e or mu, using approximately 7 fb(-1) of data collected with the CLEO III detector. We find R(0) identical with B(D(0)-->pi(-)e(+)nu)/B(D(0)-->K(-)e(+)nu)=0.082+/-0.006+/-0.005. Fits to the kinematic distributions of the data provide parameters describing the form factor of each mode. Combining the form factor results and R(0) gives |f(pi)(+)(0)|(2)|V(cd)|(2)/|f(K)(+)(0)|(2)|V(cs)|(2)=0.038(+0.006+0.005)(-0.007-0.003).

We exploit the quantum coherence between pair-produced D0 and ¯¯¯D0 in ψ(3770) decays to study charm mixing, which is characterized by the parameters x and y, and to make a first determination of the relative strong phase δ between doubly Cabibbo-suppressed D0→K+π− and Cabibbo-favored ¯¯¯D0→K+π−. We analyze a sample of 1.0×106 D0¯¯¯D0 pairs from 281 pb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the CLEO-c detector at Ecm=3.77 GeV. By combining CLEO-c measurements with branching fraction input and time-integrated measurements of RM≡(x2+y2)/2 and RWS≡Γ(D0→K+π−)/Γ(¯¯¯D0→K+π−) from other experiments, we find cosδ=1.03+0.31−0.17±0.06, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. In addition, by further including external measurements of charm mixing parameters, we obtain an alternate measurement of cosδ=1.10±0.35±0.07, as well as xsinδ=(4.4+2.7−1.8±2.9)×10−3 and δ=(22+11+9−12−11)°.1 MoreReceived 18 February 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.012001©2008 American Physical Society

We present measurements of D--> KS0 pi and D--> KL0 pi branching fractions using 281 pb(-1) of psi(3770) data at the CLEO-c experiment. We find that B(D0--> KS0 pi 0) is larger than B(D0--> KL0 pi 0), with an asymmetry of R(D0)=0.108+/-0.025+/-0.024. For B(D+--> KS0 pi+) and B(D+--> KL0 pi+), we observe no measurable difference; the asymmetry is R(D+)=0.022+/-0.016+/-0.018. The D0 asymmetry is consistent with the value based on the U-spin prediction A(D0--> K0 pi 0)/A(D0--> K0 pi 0)=-tan2 theta C, where theta C is the Cabibbo angle.

Using CLEO data, we study the production of the antideuteron, ¯d, in Υ(nS) resonance decays and the nearby continuum. The branching ratios obtained are Bdir(Υ(1S)→¯dX)=(3.36±0.23±0.25)×10−5, B(Υ(1S)→¯dX)=(2.86±0.19±0.21)×10−5, and B(Υ(2S)→¯dX)=(3.37±0.50±0.25)×10−5, where the "dir" superscript indicates that decays produced via reannihilation of the b¯b pair to a γ∗ are removed from both the signal and the normalizing number of Υ(1S) decays in order to isolate direct decays of the Υ(1S) to ggg, ggγ. Upper limits at 90% C.L. are given for B(Υ(4S)→¯dX)<1.3×10−5, and continuum production σ(e+e−→¯dX)<0.031 pb. The Υ(2S) data is also used to extract a limit on χbJ→¯dX. The results indicate enhanced deuteron production in ggg, ggγ hadronization compared to γ∗→q¯q. Baryon number compensation is also investigated with the large Υ(1S)→¯dX sample.Received 10 December 2006DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.75.012009©2007 American Physical Society

Titanium-doped CdO thin films were deposited on quartz by pulsed laser deposition. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on optoelectrical properties of these films was studied. It is observed that surface roughness of the films depends on oxygen partial pressure. The root mean square values of surface roughness for the films grown under different oxygen pressure were found to vary from 0.55 to 2.95 nm. Highly conducting (4.41 × 104 S/cm), and transparent (∼78%) film with high mobility (120 cm2 V−1 s−1) is observed for the film grown under oxygen pressure of 1.0 × 10−3 mbar. The optical band gap is found varying between 2.45 and 2.67 eV for various oxygen pressure.

Quantum dots (QDs), including CdSe/ZnS, are nanoparticles emitting various wavelengths of fluorescent light depending on their size. Fluorescence allows them to be exploited for in vivo sensing/imaging of cancer cells. Nevertheless, thorough assessments of the effects of these commonly used QDs on cell stability are essentially required prior to their full applications. To investigate the effects of Cd QDs on the growth of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), we utilized a growth assay, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, an apoptosis assay, and RNA-seq. The growth assay results showed significant proliferation inhibition of HeLa cells by CdSe/ZnS. We revealed that smaller green CdSe/ZnS exerts more toxic effects than slightly larger yellow CdSe/ZnS. There were no significant increases of ROSs under the treatment of Cd QDs, which is consistent with the notion that low concentration of Cd QDs does not cause significant production of ROSs. In addition, we found that Cd QDs induced late apoptosis. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis revealed that the exposure to green Cd QDs significantly upregulated antiapoptotic, antiproliferative, and antitumorigenic functions. The transcriptome profile also noted the downregulation of pro-proliferation, mitochondrial respiratory chain, detoxification, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that green CdSe/ZnS can be an alternative anticancer drug. In addition, our transcriptome analysis provides new insights into alteration of physiological state induced by CdSe/ZnS QDs in HeLa cancer cells.

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that establishes lifelong latency in memory B cells and has been identified as a major risk factor of multiple sclerosis (MS). B cell depletion therapies have disease-modifying benefit in MS. However, it is unclear whether this benefit is partly attributable to the elimination of EBV⁺ B cells. Currently, there are no EBV-specific antiviral therapies available for targeting EBV latent infection in MS and limited experimental models to study EBV in MS. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study, we describe the establishment of spontaneous lymphoblastoid cell lines (SLCLs) generated ex vivo with the endogenous EBV of patients with MS and controls and treated with either an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) inhibitor (VK-1727) or cladribine, a nucleoside analog that eliminates B cells. <h3>Results</h3> We showed that a small molecule inhibitor of EBNA1, a critical regulator of the EBV life cycle, blocks the proliferation and metabolic activity of these SLCLs. In contrast to cladribine, a highly cytotoxic B cell depleting therapy currently used in MS, the EBNA1 inhibitor VK-1727 was cytostatic rather than cytotoxic and selective for EBV⁺ cells, while having no discernible effects on EBV⁻ cells. We validate that VK-1727 reduces EBNA1 DNA binding at known viral and cellular sites by ChIP-qPCR. <h3>Discussion</h3> This study shows that patient-derived SLCLs provide a useful tool for interrogating the role of EBV⁺ B cells in MS and suggests that a clinical trial testing the effect of EBNA1 inhibitors in MS may be warranted.

Abstract Influence of electron‐beam (e‐beam) irradiation on multi‐walled (MW) and single‐walled (SW) carbon nanotube films grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition technique is investigated. These films were subjected to an e‐beam energy of 50 keV from a scanning electron microscope for 2.5, 5.5, 8.0, and 15 h, and to 100 and 200 keV from a transmission electron microscope for a few minutes to ∼2 h continuously. Such conditions resemble an increased temperature and pressure regime enabling a degree of structural fluidity. To assess structural modifications, they were analyzed prior to and after irradiation using resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) in addition to in situ monitoring by electron microscopy. The experiments showed that with extended exposures, both types of nanotubes displayed various local structural instabilities including pinching, graphitization/amorphization, and formation of an intramolecular junction (IMJ) within the area of electron beam focus possibly through amorphous carbon aggregates. RRS revealed that irradiation generated defects in the lattice as quantified through (1) variation of the intensity of radial breathing mode (RBM), (2) intensity ratio of D to G band ( I D / I G ), and (3) positions of the D and G bands and their harmonics (D* and G*) and combination bands (D + G). The increase in the defect‐induced D band intensity, quenching of RBM intensity, and only a slight increase in G band intensity are some of the implications. The MW nanotubes tend to reach a state of saturation for prolonged exposures, while the SW ones transform from a semiconducting to a quasi‐metallic character. Softening of the q = 0 selection rule is suggested as a possible reason to explain these results. Furthermore, these studies provide a contrasting comparison between MW and SW nanotubes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Using CLEO data collected from CESR e+e− collisions at the ψ(2S) resonance and nearby continuum at √s=3.67 GeV, we report the first significantly nonzero measurements of light vector-pseudoscalar hadron pair production (including ρπ, ωπ, ρη, and K*0¯¯¯¯¯K0) and the π+π−π0 final state, both from ψ(2S) decays and direct e+e− annihilation.Received 14 July 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.012005©2005 American Physical Society

From e+e− collision data acquired with the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we observe the non-D¯¯¯D decay ψ(3770)→γχc1 with a statistical significance of 6.6 standard deviations, using the two-photon cascades to J/ψ and J/ψ→ℓ+ℓ−. We determine σ(e+e−→ψ(3770))×B(ψ(3770)→γχc1)=(18.0±3.3±2.5) pb and branching fraction B(ψ(3770)→γχc1)=(2.8±0.5±0.4)×10−3. We set 90% C.L. upper limits for the transition to χc2 (χc0): σ×B<5.7 pb (<282 pb) and B<0.9×10−3 (<44×10−3). We also determine Γ(ψ(3770)→γχc1)/Γ(ψ(3770)→π+π−J/ψ)=1.5±0.3±0.3 (>1.0 at 90% C.L.), which bears upon the interpretation of X(3872).Received 21 September 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.182002©2006 American Physical Society

We describe new measurements of the inclusive and exclusive branching fractions for ψ(2S) transitions to J/ψ using e+e− collision data collected with the CLEO detector operating at CESR. All branching fractions and ratios of branching fractions reported here represent either the most precise measurements to date or the first direct measurements. Indirectly and in combination with other CLEO measurements, we determine B(χcJ→γJ/ψ) and B[ψ(2S)→light hadrons].Received 16 March 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.232002©2005 American Physical Society

Highly conducting and transparent Nb-doped In2O3 thin films were deposited on quartz substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of substrate temperature on structural, electrical and optical properties was studied. The XRD results show that the films grown at low temperature are amorphous, while the films grown at higher temperature are crystalline. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that films are very smooth with root mean square roughness of 2.1 nm. The conductivity and mobility of the films increase with increase in the substrate temperature. The resistivity and mobility of the films grown at 600 °C are 9.16×10−5 Ω cm and 85 cm2/V s, respectively. The transparency of the films is seen to largely depend on the growth temperature. The transparency and band gap are found varying between 62–84% and 3.52–3.82 eV, respectively, for various temperatures.

The decay psi(2S) --> eta J/psi is used to measure, for the first time, all prominent eta-meson branching fractions with the same experiment in the same dataset, thereby providing a consistent treatment of systematics across branching fractions. We present results for eta decays to gamma gamma, pi+pi-pi0, 3 pi0, pi+ pi- gamma, and e+ e- gamma, accounting for 99.9% of all eta decays. The precisions for several of the branching fractions and their ratios are improved. Two channels, pi+ pi- gamma and e+ e- gamma, show results that differ at the level of three standard deviations from those previously determined.

Using $281\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data recorded by the CLEO-c detector in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions at the $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$, corresponding to $0.78\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ ${D}^{+}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pairs, we investigate the substructure of the decay ${D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ using the Dalitz plot technique. We find that our data are consistent with the following intermediate states: $\ensuremath{\rho}(770){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${f}_{2}(1270){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${f}_{0}(1370){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${f}_{0}(1500){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${f}_{0}(980){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, and $\ensuremath{\sigma}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. We confirm large $S$ wave contributions at low $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ mass. We set upper limits on contributions of other possible intermediate states. We consider three models of the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ $S$ wave and find that all of them adequately describe our data.

Using a sample of tagged D+s decays collected near the D*±sD∓s peak production energy in e+e− collisions with the CLEO-c detector, we study the leptonic decay D+s→τ+ντ via the decay channel τ+→e+νe¯ντ. We measure B(D+s→τ+ντ)=(6.17±0.71±0.34)%, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. Combining this result with our measurements of D+s→μ+νμ and D+s→τ+ντ (via τ+→π+¯ντ), we determine fDs=(274±10±5) MeV.Received 7 December 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.161801©2008 American Physical Society

Using a data sample of $24.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$ the reactions $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{cJ}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{cJ}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ have been studied for the first time to determine the two-photon widths of the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{cJ}$ states of charmonium in their decay into two photons. The measured quantities are $\mathcal{B}(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma})=(2.17\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma})=(2.68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$. Using values for $\mathcal{B}(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0,c2})$ and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0,c2})$ from the literature the two-photon widths are derived to be ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0})=(2.36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2})=(0.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, and $\mathcal{R}\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2})/{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0})=0.278\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.050\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.036$. The importance of the measurement of $\mathcal{R}$ is emphasized. For the forbidden transition, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, an upper limit of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}}({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1})&lt;0.03\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ is established.

Wearable robots have the potential to improve the lives of countless individuals; however, challenges associated with controlling these systems must be addressed before they can reach their full potential. Modern control strategies for wearable robots are predicated on activity-specific implementations, and testing is usually limited to a single, fixed activity within the laboratory (e.g., level ground walking). To accommodate various activities in real-world scenarios, control strategies must include the ability to safely and seamlessly transition between activity-specific controllers. One potential solution to this challenge is to the infer wearer's intent using pattern recognition of locomotion sensor data. To this end, we developed an intent recognition framework implementing convolutional neural networks with image encoding (i.e. spectrogram) that enables prediction of the upcoming locomotor activity of the wearer's next step. In this letter, we describe our intent recognition system, comprised of a mel-spectrogram and subsequent neural network architecture. In addition, we analyzed the effect of sensor locations and modalities on the recognition system, and compared our proposed system to state-of-the-art locomotor intent recognition strategies. We were able to attain high classification performance (error rate: 1.1%), which was comparable or better than previous systems.

In 60 pb−1 of data taken on the ψ(3770) resonance with the CLEO-c detector, we find eight D+→μ+ν decay candidates that are mostly signal, containing only one estimated background. Using this statistically compelling sample, we measure a value of B(D+→μ+ν)=(3.5±1.4±0.6)×10−4, and determine fD+=(202±41±17) MeV.4 MoreReceived 11 November 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.112004©2004 American Physical Society

With the first data sample collected by the CLEO-c detector at the ψ(3770) resonance we have studied four exclusive semileptonic decays of the D0 meson. Our results include the first observation and absolute branching fraction measurement for D0→ρ−e+νe and improved measurements of the absolute branching fractions for D0 decays to K−e+νe, π−e+νe, and K*−e+νe.Received 22 June 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.181802©2005 American Physical Society

Using data collected at the psi(3770) resonance with the CLEO-c detector at the Cornell e+e- storage ring, we present improved measurements of the absolute branching fractions of D+ decays to K0B e+ nu_e, pi0 e+ nu_e, K0B* e+ nu_e, and rho0 e+ nu_e, and the first observation and absolute branching fraction measurement of D+ --> omega e+ nu_e. We also report the most precise tests to date of isospin invariance in semileptonic D0 and D+ decays.

We present measurements of the inclusive branching fractions for the decays ${D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ and ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$, using $281\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data collected on the $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ resonance with the CLEO-c detector. We find $\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e})=(6.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13)%$ and $\mathcal{B}({D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e})=(16.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.33)%$. Using the known $D$ meson lifetimes, we obtain the ratio ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{D}^{+}}^{\mathrm{sl}}/{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{D}^{0}}^{\mathrm{sl}}=0.985\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.028\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015$, confirming isospin invariance at the level of 3%. The positron momentum spectra from ${D}^{+}$ and ${D}^{0}$ have consistent shapes.

Using data accumulated with the CLEO detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of L=5.63 pb−1 on the peak of the ψ(2S) [3.08×106 ψ(2S) decays] and 20.70 pb−1 at √s=3.67 GeV, we report first measurements of the branching fractions for the following 13 decay modes of the ψ(2S): η3π, η′3π, ρK+K−, K+K−π+π−π0, 2(K+K−), 2(K+K−)π0, ρp¯p, p¯pπ+π−π0, ηp¯p, p¯pK+K−, Λ¯¯¯Λπ+π−, Λ¯pK+, and Λ¯pK+π+π−, and more precise measurements of 8 previously measured modes: 2(π+π−), ρπ+π−, 2(π+π−)π0, ωπ+π−, K+K−π+π−, ωK+K−, ϕK+K−, and p¯pπ+π−. We also report new branching fraction measurements of ϕπ+π− and ωp¯p and upper limits for ηπ+π−, ηK+K−, and ϕp¯p. Results are compared, where possible, with the corresponding J/ψ branching ratios to provide new tests of the 12% rule.Received 31 May 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.062001©2005 American Physical Society

We exploit the quantum coherence between pair-produced D0 and D0bar in psi(3770) decays to study charm mixing, which is characterized by the parameters x and y, and to make a first determination of the relative strong phase \delta between D0 -> K+pi- and D0bar -> K+pi-. Using 281 pb^-1 of e^+e^- collision data collected with the CLEO-c detector at E_cm = 3.77 GeV, as well as branching fraction input and time-integrated measurements of R_M = (x^2+y^2)/2 and R_{WS} = Gamma(D0 -> K+pi-)/Gamma(D0bar -> K+pi-) from other experiments, we find \cos\delta = 1.03 +0.31-0.17 +- 0.06, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. By further including other mixing parameter measurements, we obtain an alternate measurement of \cos\delta = 1.10 +- 0.35 +- 0.07, as well as x\sin\delta = (4.4 +2.7-1.8 +- 2.9) x 10^-3 and \delta = 22 +11-12 +9-11 degrees.

Using a sample of 1.8 million DD¯ mesons collected at the ψ(3770) with the CLEO-c detector, we study the semileptonic decays D0→π−e+νe, D+→π0e+νe, D0→K−e+νe, and D+→K¯0e+νe. For the total branching fractions we find B(D0→π−e+νe)=0.299(11)(9)%, B(D+→π0e+νe)=0.373(22)(13)%, B(D0→K−e+νe)=3.56(3)(9)%, and B(D+→K¯0e+νe)=8.53(13)(23)%, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. In addition, form factors are studied through fits to the partial branching fractions obtained in five q2 ranges. By combining our results with recent unquenched lattice calculations, we obtain |Vcd|=0.217(9)(4)(23) and |Vcs|=1.015(10)(11)(106), where the final error is theoretical.Received 5 December 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.112005©2008 American Physical Society

Molybdenum-doped indium oxide films of various thicknesses were deposited on quartz substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of thickness on structural, optical, and electrical properties was studied. X-ray diffraction studied revealed that all the films are highly oriented along (2 2 2) direction. It is observed that film crystallinity increases with thickness. These films are highly transparent (82–96%) in visible region. Atomic force microscopy analysis shows that the films are very smooth with root mean square surface roughness of 0.95 nm for 10 nm thick film. It is observed that resistivity of the films decreases from 1.05 × 10−4 Ω cm to 6.06 × 10−5 Ω cm, while mobility increases from 172 cm2/Vs to 263 cm2/Vs with increases in film thickness from 10 nm to 125 nm, respectively.

In this Letter we describe a search for lepton flavor violation (LFV) in the bottomonium system. We search for leptonic decays of Upsilon(nS)(n=1,2, and 3) into muon and tau using the data collected with the CLEO III detector. We identify the tau lepton using its leptonic decay into electron and utilize multidimensional likelihood fitting with PDF shapes measured from independent data samples. We report our estimates of 95% CL upper limits on LFV branching fractions of Upsilon mesons. We interpret our results in terms of the exclusion plot for the energy scale of a hypothetical new interaction versus its effective LFV coupling in the framework of effective field theory.

A modified Nafion dispersion for direct screen printing was developed and characterized. Commercial Nafion solution was neutralized to its sodium form and the solvent was replaced by a screen-printing-compatible solvent. The modified Nafion dispersion has optimized rheological properties including shear-thinning behavior, thixotropy, and moderate yield stress. The elemental composition and chemical states of the modified Nafion were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical state and composition of the modified Nafion remained the same as those of commercial Nafion. The crystallinity of the cured membranes of both Nafion dispersions was evaluated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). It was found that the modified Nafion has lower crystallinity as compared to the commercial Nafion, and the degree of crystallinity increases with an increase in the curing temperature. The modified material was screen printed onto a commercial sensor as a cation-exchange membrane for the detection of lead Pb(II) in buffer solutions. The sensor showed good linearity in the range of 5 µg/L to 500 µg/L, with a detection limit of 2 µg/L for Pb(II) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. This work demonstrates the possibility of printing Nafion on a large scale in a wide range of fields, such as printed electrochemical sensors.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are routinely used to study protein dynamics and function. Advances in algorithms and hardware have made possible large-scale MD studies. However, tools are missing for data-intensive tasks: extracting functionally relevant conformations from multiple trajectories, automating comparisons of mutation impacts on protein dynamics and effectively using MD data to predict biological properties using machine learning. To address these challenges, we developed MDSubSampler: a Python library for a posteriori subsampling of data from multiple trajectories, for the development of automated workflows to estimate the impact of mutations on protein dynamics, and for streamlined processing of MD MDSubSampler is built on top of MDAnalysis and designed to handle trajectories, time-dependent properties, and mutations. Statistical distributions of geometrical properties can be calculated and compared for different trajectories or different mutants. The toolkit implements automated workflows: to extract subsets of frames while preserving the original distribution of relevant properties; to select the best single-site mutation leading to a desired change in a time-dependent geometrical property; to subset and prepare trajectories for machine learning model training. MDSubSampler includes example scenarios as scripts and Jupyter Notebooks, a Unix-like command line interface, and a set of reusable Python classes for ad-hoc customization and integration into existing workflows. Adenylate kinase was selected as an example system. MDSubSampler was used to subsample a trajectory to <5% size while preserving the relative distribution of functional states. It was used to identify the best aminoacidic substitution to generate a desired change in dynamics. Finally, a workflow was developed to train a random forest model to predict the functional state of each trajectory frame.

The advancement of gas sensor technology over the past decades has led to remarkable progress and achievements in pollution control and environmental protection. Compared with other sensing materials, electrospun nanofibers have attracted significant attention, which is mainly due to their unique characteristics, including but not limited to high surface area, easy structure design, facile facility setup, multifunctional properties, etc., making them outstanding candidates for potential applications in this field. This review provides an overview of the applications of electrospun nanofibers in gas sensors, concentrating on carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, oxygen, and volatile organic compounds. It begins with a brief introduction to sensing materials and the advantages of electrospun nanofibers along with their ongoing research. The principles and progress of electrospinning are then discussed. Afterward, the corresponding properties of electrospun nanofibers in diverse gas sensors are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, a future vision regarding challenges and perspectives in this area is proposed. This review provides an extensive and comprehensive reference to utilize advanced electrospun nanofibers to generate novel sensors, facilitating their performance in high-demand areas.

Elucidating the underlying principles of amyloid protein self-assembly at nanobio interfaces is extremely challenging due to the diversity in physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and their physical interactions with biological systems. It is, therefore, important to develop nanoscale materials with dynamic features and heterogeneities. In this work, through engineering of hierarchical polyethylene glycol (PEG) structures on gold nanoparticle (GNP) surfaces, tailored nanomaterials with different surface properties and conformations (GNPs-PEG) are created for modulating the self-assembly of a widely studied protein, insulin, under amyloidogenic conditions. Important biophysical studies including thioflavin T (ThT) binding, circular dichroism (CD), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that higher-molecular weight GNPs-PEG triggered the formation of amyloid fibrils by promoting adsorption of proteins at nanoparticle surfaces and favoring primary nucleation rate. Moreover, the modulation of fibrillation kinetics reduces the overall toxicity of insulin oligomers and fibrils. In addition, the interaction between the PEG polymer and amyloidogenic insulin examined using MD simulations revealed major changes in the secondary structural elements of the B chain of insulin. The experimental findings provide molecular-level descriptions of how the PEGylated nanoparticle surface modulates protein adsorption and drives the self-assembly of insulin. This facile approach provides a new avenue for systematically altering the binding affinities on nanoscale surfaces by tailoring their topologies for examining adsorption-induced fibrillogenesis phenomena of amyloid proteins. Together, this study suggests the role of nanobio interfaces during surface-induced heterogeneous nucleation as a primary target for designing therapeutic interventions for amyloid-related neurodegenerative disorders.

We use data collected by the CLEO III detector at CESR on the Upsilon(5S) resonance to measure the inclusive yield of Ds mesons. Comparing with data taken on the Upsilon(4S), which decays into lighter B mesons, we make a model dependent estimate of the ratio of Bs(*)anti-Bs(*) to the total b anti-b quark pair production at the Upsilon(5S) energy of (16.0+/-2.6+/-5.8)%.

Using data collected at the ψ(3770) resonance with the CLEO-c detector at the Cornell e+e− storage ring, we present searches for 25 charmless decay modes of the ψ(3770), mostly multibody final states. No evidence for charmless decays is found.Received 29 September 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.032003©2006 American Physical Society

We report the first observation of the decay J/ψ→3γ. The signal has a statistical significance of 6σ and corresponds to a branching fraction of B(J/ψ→3γ)=(1.2±0.3±0.2)×10−5, in which the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. The measurement uses ψ(2S)→π+π−J/ψ events acquired with the CLEO-c detector operating at the CESR e+e− collider.Received 3 June 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.101801©2008 American Physical Society

Rare earth element (gadolinium) doped cadmium oxide (CdO:Gd) thin films were deposited using the pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that growth temperature has large impact on the preferred orientation of the films. The films grown at low temperature show (1 1 1) preferred orientation, while films grown at high temperature have (2 0 0) orientation. The effect of substrate temperature on optical and electrical properties shows widening in optical bandgap and improvement in electron mobility with increase in growth temperature. These wide bandgap transparent conducting films could be used in optoelectronic applications.

InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging option in QD technologies for uses of fluorescent imaging as well as targeted drug and anticancer therapies based on their customizable properties. In this study we explored effects of InP/ZnS when treated with HeLa cervical cancer cells. We employed XTT viability assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, and apoptosis analysis to better understand cytotoxicity extents at different concentrations of InP/ZnS. In addition, we compared the transcriptome profile from the QD-treated HeLa cells with that of untreated HeLa cells to identify changes to the transcriptome in response to the QD. RT-qPCR assay was performed to confirm the findings of transcriptome analysis, and the QD mode of action was illustrated. Our study determined both IC50 concentration of 69 µg/mL and MIC concentration of 167 µg/mL of InP/ZnS. It was observed via XTT assay that cell viability was decreased significantly at the MIC. Production of superoxide, measured by ROS assay with flow cytometry, was decreased, whereas levels of nitrogen radicals increased. Using analysis of apoptosis, we found that induced cell death in the QD-treated samples was shown to be significantly increased when compared to untreated cells. We conclude InP/ZnS QD to decrease cell viability by inducing stress via ROS levels, apoptosis induction, and alteration of transcriptome.

The decay branching fractions of the three narrow Υ resonances to μ+μ− have been measured by analyzing about 4.3 fb−1 e+e− data collected with the CLEO III detector. The branching fraction B(Υ(1S)→μ+μ−)=(2.49±0.02±0.07)% is consistent with the current world average, but B(Υ(2S)→μ+μ−)=(2.03±0.03±0.08)% and B(Υ(3S)→μ+μ−)=(2.39±0.07±0.10)% are significantly larger than prior results. These new muonic branching fractions imply a narrower total decay width for the Υ(2S) and Υ(3S) resonances and lower other branching fractions that rely on these decays in their determination.Received 3 September 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.012001©2005 American Physical Society

Using substantially larger data samples collected by the CLEO III detector, we report on new measurements of the decays of Upsilon(1S) to charmonium final states, including J/Psi, psi(2S), and chi_cJ. The latter two are first observations of these decays. We measure the branching fractions as follows: B(Y(1S)--> J/Psi+X)=(6.4+-0.4+-0.6)x10^-4, B(Y(1S)--> psi(2S)+X)/B(Y(1S)--> J/Psi+X)=0.41+-0.11+-0.08, B(Y(1S)--> chi_c1+X)/B(Y(1S)--> J/Psi+X)=0.35+-0.08+-0.06, B(Y(1S)--> chi_c2+X)/B(Y(1S)--> J/Psi+X)=0.52+-0.12+-0.09, and B(Y(1S)--> chi_c0+X)/B(Y(1S)--> J/Psi+X)<7.4% at 90% confidence level. We also report on the momentum and angular spectra of J/Psi's in Upsilon(1S) decay. The results are compared to predictions of the color octet and color singlet models.

Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have observed the Bs meson in e+e- annihilation at the Y(5S) resonance. We find 14 candidates consistent with Bs decays into final states with a J/psi or a Ds(*)- . The probability that we have observed a background fluctuation is less than 8 x 10(-10) . We have established that at the energy of the Y(5S) resonance Bs production proceeds predominantly through the creation of Bs*Bs* pairs. We find sigma(e+e- --> Bs*Bs*) = [0.11(-0.03))(+0.04)(stat) +/- 0.02(syst)]nb , and set the following limits: sigma(e+e- --> BsBs)/ sigma(e+ e- --> Bs*Bs*) <0.16 and [sigma(e+e- --> BsBs*) + sigma(e+e- --> Bs*Bs)]/sigma(e+e- -->Bs*Bs*) < 0.16 (90% C.L.). The mass of the Bs* meson is measured to be M(Bs*) = [5.414+/- 0.001(stat) +/- 0.003(syst)] GeV/c2 .

Knowledge of the ${B}_{s}$ decay fraction of the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)$ resonance, ${f}_{S}$, is important for ${B}_{s}$ meson studies at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)$ energy. Using a data sample collected by the CLEO III detector at CESR consisting of $0.423\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ on the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)$ resonance, $6.34\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ on the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ and $2.32\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in the continuum below the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$, we measure $\mathcal{B}(\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}X)=(13.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.7}_{\ensuremath{-}1.5}^{+2.3})%$ and $\mathcal{B}(\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}X)=(7.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)%$; the ratio of the two rates is ($1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.1}_{\ensuremath{-}0.2}^{+0.3}$). This is the first measurement of the $\ensuremath{\phi}$ meson yield from the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)$. Using these rates, and a model dependent estimate of $\mathcal{B}({B}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}X)$, we determine ${f}_{S}=(24.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{2.9}_{\ensuremath{-}5.3}^{+11.0})%$. We also update our previous independent measurement of ${f}_{S}$ made using the inclusive ${D}_{s}$ yields to now be $(16.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{2.6}_{\ensuremath{-}3.4}^{+6.7})%$, due to a better estimate of the number of hadronic events. We also report the total $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)$ hadronic cross section above continuum to be $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S))=(0.301\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.039)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$. This allows us to extract the fraction of $B$ mesons as $(58.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9.2)%$, equal to 1-${f}_{S}$. Averaging the three methods gives a model dependent result of ${f}_{S}=({21}_{\ensuremath{-}3}^{+6})%$.

We report the first observation of the transition Upsilon(2S) > eta Upsilon(1S), with branching fraction B=(2.1+0.7-0.6(stat.)+-0.3(syst.)) x 10^{-4} and statistical significance 5.3 sigma. Data were acquired with the CLEO detector at the CESR e+ e- symmetric collider. This is the first process observed involving a b-quark spin flip. Upper limits at 90% confidence level for related processes, in units of 10^{-4}, are B[Upsilon(2S) -> pi0 Upsilon(1S)] < 1.8, B[Upsilon(3S) -> eta Upsilon(1S)] < 1.8, B[Upsilon(3S) -> pi0 Upsilon(1S)] < 0.7, and B[Upsilon(3S) -> pi0 Upsilon(2S)] < 5.1.

Nb-doped In2O3 thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on electrical, structural and optical properties was studied. The conductivity, carrier concentration and mobility of the films decrease with increase in the oxygen pressure after attaining maximum. Low resistivity (9.61 × 10−5 Ω cm) and high mobility (65 cm2 V−1 s−1) is observed for the film grown under oxygen pressure of 1.0 × 10−3 mbar. The average transmittance of the films is more than 85%. The optical band gap is found varying between 4.09 and 4.23 eV for various oxygen pressure.

Trace analysis of heavy metals in complex, environmentally relevant matrices remains a significant challenge for electrochemical sensors employing stripping voltammetry-based detection schemes. We present an alternative method capable of selectively preconcentrating Cu2+ ions at the electrode surface using chelating polymer-wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). An electrochemical sensor consisting of poly-4-vinyl pyridine (P4VP)-wrapped MWCNTs anchored to a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-modified gold electrode (r = 1.5 mm) was designed, produced, and evaluated. The P4VP is shown to form a strong association with Cu2+ ions, permitting preconcentration adjacent to the electrode surface for interrogation via cyclic voltammetry. The sensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.5 ppm with a linear range of 1.1–13.8 ppm (16.6–216 μM) and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.9% at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limit of 1.3 ppm. Evaluation in tap water, lake water, ocean water, and deionized water rendered similar results, highlighting the generalizability of the presented preconcentration strategy. The advantages of electrochemical analysis paired with polymeric chelation represent an effective platform for the design and deployment of heavy metal sensors for continuous monitoring of natural waters.

Using 0.8 million D^+D^- pairs collected with the CLEO-c detector at the psi(3770) resonance, we have searched for flavor-changing neutral current and lepton-number-violating decays of D^+ mesons to final states with dielectrons. We find no indication of either, obtaining 90% confidence level upper limits of B(D^+ -> \pi^+ e^+ e^-) < 7.4 X 10^{-6}$, B(D^+ -> \pi^- e^+ e^+) < 3.6 X 10^{-6}$, B(D^+ -> K^+ e^+ e^-) < 6.2 X 10^{-6}$, and B(D^+ -> K^- e^+ e^+) < 4.5 X 10^{-6}$.

Received 20 April 2006DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.199903©2006 American Physical Society

We have studied semileptonic B decay to the exclusive charmless states pi, rho/omega, eta and eta' using the full 15.5 fb^-1 CLEO Upsilon(4S) sample, with measurements performed in subregions of phase space to minimize dependence on a priori knowledge of the form factors involved. We find total branching fractions B(B^0 -> pi^-l^+nu) = (1.37 +- 0.15_stat +- 0.11_sys) x 10^-4 and B(B^0 -> rho^- l^+ nu) = (2.93 +- 0.37_stat +- 0.37_sys) x 10^-4. We find evidence for B^+ -> eta' l^+ nu, with B(B^+ -> eta' l^+ nu) = (2.66 +- 0.80_stat +- 0.56_sys) x 10^-4 and 1.20 x 10^-4 < B(B^+ -> eta' l^+ nu) < 4.46 x 10^-4 (90% CL). We also limit B(B^+ -> eta l^+ nu) < 1.01 x 10^-4 (90% CL). By combining our B -> pi l nu information with unquenched lattice calculations, we find |V_ub| = (3.6 +- 0.4 +- 0.2 +0.6 -0.4) x 10^-3, where the errors are statistical, experimental systematic, and theoretical systematic, respectively.

Using e+e--->Ds*-Ds+ data collected near the peak Ds production energy, Ecm=4170 MeV, with the CLEO-c detector, we present the first observation of the decay Ds+-->pn. We measure a branching fraction B(Ds+-->pn)=(1.30+/-0.36(-0.16)+0.12)x10(-3). This is the first observation of a charmed meson decaying into a baryon-antibaryon final state.

Abstract Magnesium-doped ZnAlO thin films were grown on quartz substrate by ablating the sintered target with a KrF excimer laser. The effect of growth temperature from 30 °C to 700 °C on structural, optical, and electrical properties has been studied. These films are highly transparent in visible spectrum with average transmittance of 82%. The films grown at low temperature are amorphous while films grown at high temperature are crystalline in nature. These films are highly oriented along (0 0 2) direction. The electrical conductivity, carrier concentration, and electron mobility is found to increase with increase in temperature and then decreases with further increase in temperature. The bandgap is found to vary from 3.86 eV to 4.00 eV for various films.

We present measurements of the branching fractions for $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ using 3M $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$ decays collected with the CLEO detector operating at the CESR ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We obtain $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(5.945\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.067\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.042)%$ and $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(5.960\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.065\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.050)%$, leading to an average of $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(5.953\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.056\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.042)%$ and a ratio of $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})/\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(99.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)%$, all consistent with, but more precise than, previous measurements.

We determine the dielectron widths of the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1S)$, $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(2S)$, and $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(3S)$ resonances with better than 2% precision by integrating the cross section of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ over the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center-of-mass energy. Using ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ energy scans of the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ resonances at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring and measuring $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ production with the CLEO detector, we find dielectron widths of $1.252\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{stat}})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.019({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{syst}})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, $0.581\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, and $0.413\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ for the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1S)$, $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(2S)$, and $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(3S)$, respectively.

Using $420\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data collected on the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)$ resonance with the CLEO III detector, we reconstruct $B$ mesons in 25 exclusive decay channels to measure or set upper limits on the decay rate of $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)$ into $B$ meson final states. We measure the inclusive $B$ cross section to be $\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathbf{(}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}(X)\mathbf{)}=(0.177\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.030\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.016)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ and make the first measurements of the production rates of $\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathbf{(}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{B}^{*}{\overline{B}}^{*}\mathbf{)}=(0.131\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.014)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathbf{(}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B{\overline{B}}^{*}\mathbf{)}=(0.043\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.016\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$, respectively. We set 90% confidence level limits of $\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathbf{(}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}\mathbf{)}&lt;0.038\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathbf{(}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{B}^{(*)}{\overline{B}}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\pi}\mathbf{)}&lt;0.055\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathbf{(}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\mathbf{)}&lt;0.024\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$. We also extract the most precise value of the ${B}_{s}^{*}$ mass to date, $M({B}_{s}^{*})=(5411.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$.

Using data acquired with the CLEO detector at the CESR e+e- collider at sqrt{s} = 3.773 GeV, we measure the cross section for the radiative return process e+e- --> gamma J/psi, J/psi --> mu+mu-, resulting in B(J/psi --> mu+mu-) x Gamma_ee(J/psi) = 0.3384 +- 0.0058 +- 0.0071 keV, Gamma_ee(J/psi) = 5.68 +- 0.11 +- 0.13 keV, and Gamma_tot(J/psi) = 95.5 +- 2.4 +- 2.4 keV, in which the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also determine the ratio Gamma_ee[psi(2S)] / Gamma_ee(J/psi) = 0.45 +- 0.01 +- 0.02.

Magnesium and aluminum doped CdO thin films were deposited on quartz substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. Magnesium is used to widen the band gap and aluminum is used to increase carrier concentration of CdO films. The effect of growth temperature on structural, optical, and electrical properties was studied. These films are crystalline in nature and their preferred orientation depends on growth temperature. These films are highly transparent (∼86%) in visible region. The band gap of the films varies from 3.1 eV to 3.4 eV. The electrical conductivity and carrier concentration were found to decrease with increase in growth temperature.

Highly conducting and transparent aluminum-doped CdO thin films were deposited on quartz by ablating the sintered target of CdO containing 2 wt% of aluminum with a KrF excimer laser (λ = 248 nm and pulsed duration of 20 ns). The effect of oxygen partial pressure on structural, electrical, and optical properties was studied. It is observed that the (2 0 0) plane is highly preferred for the films grown under high oxygen pressure. The conductivity, carrier concentration and mobility of the films decrease with increase in the oxygen pressure after attaining maximum. Low resistivity (2.27 × 10−5 Ω cm), and high mobility (79 cm2 V−1 s−1) is observed for the film grown under oxygen pressure of 1.0 × 10−3 mbar. The optical band gap is found varying between 2.68 and 2.90 eV for various oxygen pressure.

Using a sample of 3x10^6 psi(2S) decays recorded by the CLEO detector, we study three body decays of the chi_{c0}, chi_{c1}, and chi_{c2} produced in radiative decays of the psi(2S). We consider the decay modes pi+ pi- eta, K+ K- eta, p pbar eta, pi+ pi- etaprime, K+ K- pi0, p pbar pi0, pi+ K- K0S, and K+ pbar Lambda measuring branching fractions or placing upper limits. For chi_{c1} to pi+ pi- eta, K+ K- pi0, and pi+ K- K0S our observed samples are large enough to study the substructure in a Dalitz plot analysis. The results presented in this document are preliminary.

Using a sample of $2.59\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$ decays collected by the CLEO-c detector, we present results of a study of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{cJ}$ ($J=0$, 1, 2) decays into baryon-antibaryon final states. We present the world's most precise measurements of the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{cJ}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{cJ}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ branching fractions, and the first measurements of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0}$ decays to other hyperons. These results illuminate the decay mechanism of the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c}$ states.

The enhanced understanding of nanomaterials properties and processing has led to increased use of nanotechnologies, which has also led to greater scrutiny on the commercialization and acquisition of emerging nanoenabled technologies. Caused by knowledge gaps on the unique behaviors, risks, and liabilities of novel engineered nanomaterials, this caution, when not evidence based, slows production and stifles innovation. Reducing the uncertainty surrounding the environmental risks and benefits of nanoenabled technologies, including their resilience in harsh environments, will speed the development and transition of advanced material technologies. In this work, a multifaceted research program generated data and processes to reduce that environmental uncertainty. Specifically, this case study examined printed, nanoenabled environmental sensors and their components to develop toxicological data and parameterize a life-cycle assessment. The study tested the sensors’ resilience in environmental weathering studies that considered both the potential release of the ingredient nanomaterials and the performance of the sensors after exposure to several harsh environmental climates and then created life-cycle inventories to determine environmental impact and reduce cost of research and development. Finally, this case study developed software tools to mitigate the cost of research and provide a framework for presenting toxicology data.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become routine tools for the study of protein dynamics and function. Thanks to faster GPU-based algorithms, atomistic and coarse-grained simulations are being used to explore biological functions over the microsecond timescale, yielding terabytes of data spanning multiple trajectories, thereby extracting relevant protein conformations without losing important information is often challenging.We present MDSubSampler, a Python library and toolkit for a posteriori subsampling of data from multiple trajectories. This toolkit provides access to uniform, random, stratified, weighted sampling, and bootstrapping sampling methods. Sampling can be performed under the constraint of preserving the original distribution of relevant geometrical properties. Possible applications include simulations post-processing, noise reduction, and structures selection for ensemble docking.MDSubSampler is freely available at https://github.com/alepandini/MDSubSampler, along with guidance on installation and tutorials on how it can be used.

The demand for CO2 detection steadily increases mainly due to the greenhouse effect caused by CO2 emission, which significantly impacts the environment. Among different promising candidates, carbon-based (i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, etc.) composites have been widely studied due to their exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Carbon-based composites also offer high strength-to-weight ratios, excellent conductivity, and superior thermal stability, making them ideal materials for various industrial applications. Despite tremendous efforts to develop CO2 sensors from these materials, obtaining a well-dispersed system that is affordable and easy to use remains challenging. In this work, we have demonstrated a low-cost and effective chemiresistive CO2 sensor based on a composite of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) with polyethyleneimine (PEI). When modified with pyrene and chlorosulfonic acid, the resultant f-CNTs have outstanding dispersibility in PEI, which is mainly attributed to the non-covalent bonds between the CNTs and pyrene and the interaction between the amine and sulfonate groups. The rheology of the f-CNT/PEI composites has been thoroughly studied, which tremendously influences the screen-printing quality. The resulting sensor shows excellent selectivity and sensitivity, which can respond to the CO2 concentration in a wide range of 300 - 5000 ppm. The effects of ink dilution and humidity from the environment on the sensor performance have also been further explored. More importantly, the working mechanism has been proposed, and we hope it can provide insight and a new pathway for future sensor design.

We present the first experimental limits on high-q^2 contributions to charmless semileptonic B decays of the form expected from the Weak Annihilation (WA) decay mechanism. Such contributions could bias determinations of |Vub| from inclusive measurements of B-> X_u lnu. Using a wide range of models based on available theoretical input we set a limit of (Gamma_WA/Gamma_b->u) < 7.4% (90% confidence level) on the WA fraction, and assess the impact on previous inclusive determinations of |Vub|.

Using data recorded by the CLEO III detector at the Cornell electron storage ring (CESR), we have made measurements of some properties of the Σc*++ and Σc*0 charmed baryons. In particular: Γ(Σc*++)=14.4−1.5+1.6±1.4 MeV, M(Σc*++)−M(Λc+)=231.5±0.4±0.3 MeV, Γ(Σc*0)=16.6−1.7+1.9±1.4 MeV,M(Σc*0)−M(Λc+)=231.4±0.5±0.3 MeV.Received 27 October 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.051101©2005 American Physical Society

We measure the mass of the η meson using ψ(2S)→ηJ/ψ events acquired with the CLEO-c detector operating at the CESR e+e− collider. Using the four decay modes η→γγ, 3π0, π+π−π0, and π+π−γ, we find Mη=547.785±0.017±0.057 MeV, in which the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This result has an uncertainty comparable to the two most precise previous measurements and is consistent with that of NA48, but is inconsistent at the level of 6.5σ with the much smaller mass obtained by GEM.Received 12 July 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.122002©2007 American Physical Society

Using data taken with the CLEO-c detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we have investigated the direct photon momentum spectrum in the decay J/psi->gamma+gluon+gluon, via the 'tagged' process: e+e- -> psi(2S); psi(2S)->J/psi pi+pi-; J/psi->photon + X. Including contributions from two-body radiative decay processes, we find the ratio of the inclusive direct photon branching fraction to that of the dominant three-gluon branching fraction to be R=0.137+/-0.001+/-0.016+/-0.004, where the errors shown are statistical, systematic, and the model-dependent uncertainty related to the extrapolation to zero photon energy. The shape of the scaled photon energy spectrum in J/psi->gg gamma is observed to be very similar to that of Upsilon(1S)->gg gamma. The R value obtained is roughly consistent with that expected by a simple quark-charge scaling of the value determined at the Upsilon(1S), but somewhat higher than the value expected from the running of the strong coupling constant.

We report on a search for the radiative decay of Upsilon(1S) to the pseudoscalar mesons eta and etaprime in 21.2 +/- 0.2 times 10^6 Upsilon(1S) decays collected with the CLEO III detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). The eta meson was reconstructed in the three modes eta to gamma-gamma, eta to pi+pi-pi0 and eta to 3pi0. The etaprime meson was reconstructed in the mode etaprime to pi+ pi- eta with eta decaying through any of the above three modes, and also etaprime to gamma rho, where rho decays to pi^+ pi^-. Five out of the seven sub-modes are found to be virtually background-free. In four of them we find no signal candidates and in one Upsilon(1S) to gamma-etaprime, etaprime to pi+ pi- eta, eta to pi+pi-pi0 there are two good signal candidates, which is insufficient evidence to claim a signal. The other two sub-modes eta to gamma-gamma and etaprime to gamma rho are background limited, and show no excess of events in their signal regions. We combine the results from different channels and obtain upper limits at the 90% C.L. which are B(Upsilon(1S) to gamma eta) < 1.0 times 10^-6 and B(Upsilon(1S) to gamma etaprime) < 1.9 times 10^-6. Our limits are an order of magnitude tighter than the previous ones and below the predictions made by some theoretical models.

Using a total of 2.74 x 10(7) decays of the psi(2S) collected with the CLEO-c detector, we present a study of chi(cJ)-->gammaV, where V=rho(0), omega, phi. The transitions chi(c1)-->gammarho(0 and chi(c1)-->gammaomega are observed with B(chi(c1)-->gammarho(0))=(2.43+/-0.19+/-0.22) x 10(-4) and B(chi(c1)-->gammaomega)=(8.3+/-1.5+/-1.2) x 10(-5). In the chi(c1)-->gammarho(0) transition, the final state meson is dominantly longitudinally polarized. Upper limits on the branching fractions of other chi(cJ) states to light vector mesons are presented.

Using 281 pb^-1 of data collected with the CLEO-c detector, we present new measurements of Cabibbo-suppressed decays of D0 and D+ mesons to eta and eta' final states. We make first observations of D0-->eta'pi0, eta eta, eta eta', and eta pi+ pi-, and find evidence for D+ --> eta pi+ pi0$, D+ --> eta' pi+ pi0 and D0 --> eta' pi+ pi-. We also report on improved measurements of D0-->eta pi0, D+ --> eta pi+ and D+ --> etap' pi+. Using the measured two-body Cabibbo-suppressed decays, we extract amplitudes for specific flavor topologies and compare them to those from Cabibbo-favored decays.