R. M. Barnett

We investigate even–even nuclei in the A∼70 mass region within the framework of the proton–neutron quasi-particle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) and the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1). Our work includes calculation of the energy spectra and the potential energy surfaces V(β,γ) of Zn, Ge, Se, Kr and Sr nuclei with the same proton and neutron number, N=Z. The parametrization of the IBM-1 Hamiltonian was performed for the calculation of the energy levels in the ground state bands. Geometric shape of the nuclei was predicted by plotting the potential energy surfaces V(β,γ) obtained from the IBM-1 Hamiltonian in the classical limit. The pn-QRPA model was later used to compute half-lives of the neutron-deficient nuclei which were found to be in very good agreement with the measured ones. The pn-QRPA model was also used to calculate the Gamow–Teller strength distributions and was found to be in decent agreement with the measured data. We further calculate the electron capture and positron decay rates for these N=Z waiting point (WP) nuclei in the stellar environment employing the pn-QRPA model. For the rp-process conditions, our total weak rates are within a factor two compared with the Skyrme HF+BCS+QRPA calculation. All calculated electron capture rates are comparable to the competing positron decay rates under rp-process conditions. Our study confirms the finding that electron capture rates form an integral part of the weak rates under rp-process conditions and should not be neglected in the nuclear network calculations.

The quark-parton model is used to study neutrino scattering in the case where the mass of a heavy, produced quark is not neglected. Evidence for right-handed currents is found in the charged-current neutrino scattering data. The masses of produced heavy quarks are estimated.

The spectroscopy and weak couplings of a quark model with three charmed quarks are discussed in the context of recent results from Brookhaven National Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

A model-independent analysis of new data provides, for the first time, a unique determination of the weak neutral-current couplings of $u$ and $d$ quarks. Data for exclusive pion production are a crucial new input in this analysis.

We discuss in detail the use of the structure function F3(x, Q2) of deep-inelastic neutrino scattering for testing quantum chromodynamics. QCD is entirely consistent with all data. However, we show that higher-twist (order 1Q2) contributions, which are commonly neglected, can have a dramatic impact on interpretation of this result. At present the data are not accurate enough to determine the magnitudes of these 1Q2 contributions within the context of QCD. Furthermore, the possible presence of higher-twist terms makes it impossible to unambiguously detect the logarithmic Q2 dependence and anomalous dimensions which distinguish QCD from hypothetical alternative theories. As a result, more precise data with higher Q2 are needed to provide definitive tests of QCD. The corrections of second-order in αs introduce fewer complications for testing QCD, and provide a useful context for understanding critical ambiguities in the definitions of αs and Λ.

In the context of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), an analysis is presented of a compilation of $\mathrm{eN}$ deepinelastic scattering data taken at SLAC. Included are data for ${F}_{2}^{\mathrm{ep}}$, ${F}_{2}^{\mathrm{ed}}$, ${F}_{2}^{\mathrm{ep}}\ensuremath{-}{F}_{2}^{\mathrm{en}}$, and $R$. The interaction between the logarithmic scaling violation from ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ and the power-law scaling violation from higher-twist terms is discussed. This interaction can affect the determination of the parameter $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and can alter the predictions for the ratios of anomalous dimensions. Furthermore, we show that, in the context of QCD, higher-twist terms may be able to account for the observed value of $R=\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{L}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}}$ which appears to be anomalously large. Different experiments have made different assumptions for the value of $R$ used in extracting ${F}_{2}$ from their data. We show that these differences can account for the discrepancies in the relative normalizations of ${F}_{2}$ from these experiments and also can have a significant effect on the value of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ obtained.

The production of heavy quarks is considered in the quark-parton model. The model is shown to account for the energy-dependent effects of large produced masses. By considering the inclusive, charged-current neutrino scattering data as a function of energy, it is possible to distinguish between the standard four-quark model and models with right-handed currents and additional heavy quarks. It appears that the present data favor the latter models, and allow estimates of the masses of new quarks.

We survey the decay modes and signatures of gluinos in the minimal supersymmetric model. Gluino decays will contain two jets and a chargino or neutralino. The decay mode containing the lightest supersymmetric particle (assumed to be the lightest neutralino) is dominant only for very light gluinos. Otherwise, the dominant gluino decay modes contain either a chargino or a heavier neutralino. In fact, over much of the supersymmetric-model parameter space the heaviest chargino and neutralinos dominate, and will, in turn, decay to a lighter neutralino or chargino plus a W, Z, or Higgs boson. The important features of these decays are illustrated and their phenomenological implications discussed. In particular, we identify the most useful gluino decay signatures for a given gluino mass and choice of other supersymmetric-model parameters.

We estimate renormalization effects on $\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}}$ and ${〈y〉}_{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}$ in the standard four-quark model, improving on a calculation by Altarelli, Petronzio, and Parisi. Even with systematic overestimates, the Weinberg-Salam model does not give a satisfactory account of the data.

Phenomenological consequences of a light neutral Higgs scalar S (mass < 3.7 GeV) are explored in various two-Higgs-doublet models where some of the couplings are strongly enhanced. In one class of models the two-gluon decay mode is predominant, and decays into two muons are quite suppressed. A detailed analysis of the decay b → s + S is given. The consequences a light scalar for supersymmetric models are discussed.

One major problem for supersymmetry has been the lack of any experimental motivation. Although scalar neutrinos are usually predicted to be among the lighter new particles, their presence has been expected to be hidden because of their decay into unobserved neutrals. We calculate the decays of the scalar neutrino and show that there may be a substantial rate into charged particles. These decay modes lead to very distinctive signatures for supersymmetry in e+e− physics and in W±, Z0 decays.

Electroweak models with two doublets of Higgs scalar bosons have theoretical and possibly experimental motivations. With two doublets, one finds that the couplings of the Higgs scalars are modified and strong enhancements are possible. Such enhancements can have a variety of important consequences if there exists a light neutral Higgs scalar (mass 3.7 GeV). The Weinberg-Linde limit is modified, as is the usual perturbative limit on the $t$-quark mass. The two-gluon decay mode of this Higgs boson can become predominant, and decays into two muons can be quite suppressed. We show here the complete one-loop induced effective Hamiltonian for the decay of the $b$ quark into a Higgs boson ($b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Higgs}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{boson}+s$); the resulting phenomenology is strongly affected by enhanced couplings. Consequences for supersymmetry are also discussed.

The reported discovery of the $W$ boson may provide the opportunity either to discover the supersymmetric partners of the neutrino and the electron or to set greatly improved limits on their masses. Also discussed is a search for scalar neutrinos in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation (off and on the ${Z}^{0}$).

An isospin suppression is used as a possible explanation of the narrow width of the 3.1-GeV resonance in a model with three charmed quarks. This follows from an analogy with $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\omega}$ mixing and the $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay. The decays and widths of radial excitations of the 3.1-GeV resonance are discussed. The weak couplings of the model predict different decays for charmed particles than other models with charm; in particular, $K$ mesons are not always found in the decays. An experimental test which clearly distinguishes this model from other models is given.

A careful analysis is presented of the most recent data for $R({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{hadrons})$ using improved theoretical techniques. The analysis is based on a generalized method for smoothing $R$. We show why the hadronic cross section is potentially one of the best tests of quantum chromodynamics. The theoretical complications such as unknown parameters and nonperturbative corrections are discussed, and resulting theoretical uncertainties are estimated. Some previously neglected QED corrections are accounted for. We find that for $\sqrt{s}$ near 7 GeV, the data lie about 15-17% above the theory; the experimental uncertainty is \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 10% (dominated by systematics). For $\sqrt{s}$ near 5 GeV, the difference is only 5-8%. This apparent discrepancy may well be due to systematic problems in the experiment. For completeness we consider the possibility that there is a threshold for new particles at $\sqrt{s}\ensuremath{\approx}6$ GeV. We consider new quarks, Higgs bosons, color-sextet quarks, integrally charged and even fractionally charged leptons. While most of these hypotheses are not particularly attractive, some cannot be ruled out.

The neutral-current phenomenology of several SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1) models of quarks and leptons is considered in the light of recent data. Elastic and deep-inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering and elastic neutrino-electron scattering are examined. Four models are shown to be reasonably consistent with these data, while two models are in some conflict with the data.

We present a comprehensive study of the weak neutral-current interactions of $u$ and $d$ quarks and of the electron. A model-independent analysis using data from deep-inelastic, inclusive-pion, elastic, and exclusive-pion neutrino processes provides a unique determination of the $u$- and $d$-quark couplings. For electron couplings, neutrino-electron-scattering, atomic-parity-violation, and new polarized-electron-scattering data are discussed. With the assumption of a single ${Z}^{0}$ boson, we show that the electron couplings are almost uniquely determined. The predictions of the Weinberg-Salam model (for ${{sin}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}=0.20\ensuremath{-}0.30$) are in remarkably good agreement with our results.

Summary Reservoir process-performance evaluation requires the simulation of multiple continuous variables such as porosity, water saturation, and permeability. Geostatistical realizations should reproduce the univariate and multivariate statistics that are deemed representative of the reservoir. A conventional work flow that sequentially applies cosimulation and cloud transformations is frequently used for this multivariate simulation. Although it effectively reproduces univariate properties, a common issue with this work flow is its inability to reproduce all the multivariate relationships that exist between variables. To resolve this issue, the projection-pursuit multivariate transform (PPMT) is applied to reservoir modeling. The PPMT work flow requires fewer steps, no manual tuning, and fewer assumptions than the conventional work flow. Background, essential steps, and practical considerations of the conventional and PPMT work flows are outlined before comparing them in a case study. The PPMT is shown to yield multivariate reproduction that is expected to improve reservoir forecasting.

A comprehensive study indicates that equally likely sources for trimuon events neutrino scattering are (a) charged heavy lepton production (with decay to three muons) and (b) simultaneous production of a neutral lepton (with decay to two muons) and a heavy quark (with decay to one muon). The sequential decay of a heavy quark to two muons is less likely. An intriguing model yielding simultaneous M0 and b quark production is proposed.

Several models with more than four quarks are reviewed and compared with the four-quark model. They generally have right- and left-handed currents and are of the S${\mathrm{U}}_{2}$ \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${\mathrm{U}}_{1}$ type. The lepton sectors are also discussed including the possibilities of heavy charged and neutral leptons. The weak phenomenology, triangle anomalies, degenerate quark masses, and radial excitations are examined.

We give explicit formulas for the decays of the neutralinos and charginos of the minimal model of supersymmetry into other neutralinos and charginos plus a W, Z, or Higgs boson. The important features of these decays are illustrated and their phenomenological implications discussed. In general, this class of two-body decays is dominant for the heaviest charginos and neutralinos.

We show there is evidence that a method of summing important logarithmic corrections which are significant in the large-$x$ region leads to a superior description of deep-inelastic scattering data (analyzed with use of the evolution equations). Next-to-leading-order calculations can imitate the impact of this summation method, but at high $x$ it appears that there are higher-order and higher-twist corrections which separate those approaches.

The constraints which present data and a few plausible theoretical assumptions impose upon quark-lepton models of the weak interactions are analyzed. While study of a given type of experiment usually allows many models, among all possible SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1) models few survive if all data and these theoretical restrictions are used. It is shown that even these few could be eliminated by data expected in the near future.

Alternative decay modes of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons may provide a method either to discover the supersymmetric partners of leptons or to set greatly improved limits on their masses. Details are provided on these methods, and various distributions are shown for separating potential backgrounds. If $\overline{p}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}_{s}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}$ is allowed, a clear signal for supersymmetry could be established from future data. In ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation a distinctive signature for scalar neutrinos could be jets plus an electron all confined to a single hemisphere (with substantial missing energy). Even more dramatic but rarer would be events with only ${e}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ together in one hemisphere and all other energy missing.

The experimental observation of events in neutrino scattering with three outgoing muons presents a potential challenge to S${\mathrm{U}}_{2}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${\mathrm{U}}_{1}$ gauge models, depending on the source of such events. In this paper a comprehensive study is reported of four possible modes of trimuon production (hadronic, mixed, leptonic, and trident modes). Background sources are expected to be significant and will have to be separated from other sources. Attention is also given to two trimuon events with extraordinarily energetic muons.

There is some question about the reliability of inclusive-pion-production analyses as used in previous determinations of the weak neutral-current couplings of $u$ and $d$ quarks. We are able to eliminate this input altogether by using new neutrino and antineutrino data for the ratio of neutral-current neutron-to-proton deep-inelastic cross sections, $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\nu}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}X)}{\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\nu}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}X)}$. Another new input to our model-independent analysis is the ${Q}^{2}$ dependence of elastic neutrino-proton scattering. The final values determined for the neutral-current couplings are consistent with those we obtained previously. For purposes of comparison, we also present a new analysis of high-energy inclusive-pion data.

A search for nonperturbative effects in the structure functions of deep-inelastic scattering reveals substantial effects which could be due to important physical phenomena or to systematic errors in the experiments. In either case the measurements of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ and $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ are seriously jeopardized. ${F}_{2}(\ensuremath{\mu}N)$, ${F}_{2}(\ensuremath{\nu}N)$, and $x{F}_{3}(\ensuremath{\nu}N)$ are examined.

A model for large p⊥ production, yielding three different scaling relations in different regions of s and p⊥ is presented. The couplings may be chosen such that 1s4 scaling is valid at present energies while at higher energies 1s2 scaling should manifest itself.

With the start of the LHC, the new particle collider at CERN, the ATLAS experiment is also providing high-energy particle collisions for educational purposes. Several education projects—education scenarios—have been developed and tested on students and teachers in several European countries within the Learning with ATLAS@CERN project. These highly appreciated projects could become a new component in many teachers' classrooms. The Learning with ATLAS portal and the information on the ATLAS public website make it possible for teachers to design educational material for their own situations. To be able to work with real data adds a new dimension to particle physics explorations at school.

We study techniques for discovering at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) a charged Higgs boson of a two-doublet Higgs sector in the decay $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{H}^{+}b$, for a variety of top-quark and charged-Higgs-boson masses. $t\overline{t}$ events are selected by demanding a high-${p}_{T}$ lepton and a tagged $b$ jet. One technique is to search for an excess of $\ensuremath{\tau}$ leptons from ${H}^{+}$ decays. For $tan\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{{v}_{2}}{{v}_{1}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.5$, this technique is usually viable, even for a fraction of the expected SSC yearly luminosity (depending upon ${m}_{t}$ and ${m}_{{H}^{+}}$). Techniques for approximately determining the ${H}^{+}$ mass in this mode are discussed. We also demonstrate that for $0.1\ensuremath{\lesssim}tan\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.5$ a peak in the two-jet mass distribution resulting from ${H}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\overline{s}$ can be found, and a precise ${H}^{+}$ mass determination is possible even in a fraction of an SSC year, provided $B(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{H}^{+}b)$ is not too small.

Controversy exists over explanation of anomalies in antineutrino scattering. We argue that the alternatives, scaling violations or new currents, can be measured separately. Scaling violation also plays a crucial role in dilepton production, one of the best tests of $b$-quark production. We conclude with a discussion of the role of scaling violation in neutral-current neutrino scattering.

It is important to examine the strong-coupling parameter Λ in deep-inelastic scattering, since (e.g.) the proton lifetime in grand-unified theories is quite sensitive to Λ. We show that Λ is not as small in μN scattering as previously reported. Furthermore, Λ extracted from F2(x, Q2) os highly correlated with the parameterization of the gluon distribution. Other problems arise from σL/σT assumptions.

If supersymmetric particles exist and are light enough, then they can be produced in W-boson decay. We study methods to detect the decay of W into W gaugino + photino (w\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}). The signature depends on whether the dominant w\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{} decay mode consists of quark or lepton final states. In the former case, the signal would consist of events with missing energy, hadron jets, and no observed lepton. In the latter case, the signal would be similar to W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\nu}; i.e., events with missing energy, an isolated lepton, and no hadrons with large ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. We discuss whether the w\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{} lepton signal can be separated from the standard W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\nu} signature as well as from new physics such as W decay into supersymmetric scalar leptons or into a new heavy sequential lepton.

We describe a simple, softly broken supersymmetric model of electroweak interactions. In its simplest form, supersymmetry breaking is imposed via explicit mass terms for scalar quarks and leptons. We apply this model to the discussion of the decay properties of the scalar neutrino ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}$. The one-loop process ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}+\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ ($\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=\mathrm{photino}$) is computed as well as multibody (tree-level) decays of the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}$. The relative branching ratios are crucial for determining the phenomenological signatures of the scalar neutrino. Complications to the model due to Majorana mass terms for the gauge fermions are discussed. Explicit Feynman rules for the model are listed.

A unified treatment of peripheral models for the inclusive ${{q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}^{2}$ spectrum in the central plateau region is presented. The ${{q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}^{2}$ spectrum is calculated from several models of damping in internal momentum transfer. The highest-energy CERN Intersecting Storage Rings data for $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+X$ is fitted for all ${q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ by a power-law internal damping.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN has a substantial collaborative Education and Outreach project. This article describes its activities and how it promotes physics to students around the world.

When the education and outreach project of ATLAS, a leading experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, was initiated in 1995, we wanted to share the drama and excitement in the exploration and discovery of new science. The goal was to make these fascinating stories understandable and available to everybody and inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers. The education and outreach material included classroom activities, an extensive website, videos, a YouTube channel, social media, a planetarium show, and materials related to search for and discovery of the Higgs Boson.

We report on the production of new gauge bosons (${W}^{\ensuremath{'}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}0}$) at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) and at three possible upgrades of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We compare the potential of the SSC to set limits and study new bosons with that of an upgraded collider, and we discuss the relative capabilities of the three Tevatron Collider upgrades.

A Regge model with a fixed-pole Pomeranchon and its associated shielding cut is used for π±p, K±p and pp scattering at small t and from 6 GeV to NAL and ISR energies. No additional parameters are associated with the cut. The model produces rising total cross sections and anti-shrinkage or non-shrinking diffraction peaks for some s and t. Good fits to total cross sections and to Serpukhov and ISR pp slope parameter data are obtained, and predictions about cross sections and shrinkage at NAL energies are made.

There is evidence for substantial nonperturbative effects in the structure functions extracted from deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering. These effects have a major impact on ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ and $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ determinations. Results which I reported previously for $\ensuremath{\mu}N$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}N$ scattering (${F}_{2}$ and $x{F}_{3}$) are extended to include $\mathrm{ed}$ data which are at lower ${W}^{2}$ and higher $x$ and have extremely high statistics. Possible analytical forms for higher-twist terms and for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ are considered in detail here using $\ensuremath{\mu}N$, $\ensuremath{\nu}N$, and $\mathrm{ed}$ data.

The hypothesis of a heavy-quark-antiquark meson (orthocharmonium) for the 3.1-GeV resonance leads, in the context of a general peripheral model, to predictions for the cross sections (and their energy dependence) for $J(\ensuremath{\psi})$ production. The ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ dependence is predicted to be quite different from that of the pion. At higher energies, charmed particles are expected to be produced in conjuction with each $J(\ensuremath{\psi})$. Related problems are discussed.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Performance and Instruments of Funding Technology, Project Structures and Organisation From Data Analysis to Physics Publications – the Case of ATLAS Budget and Time Considerations Conclusions Further Reading

Peripheral models for the inclusive qτ2 spectrum in the central plateau region are considered in a unified treatment. The highest energy ISR spectrum for p + p → π + X is fit for all qτ.

We consider the two-body decay of the spinless resonance or particle produced in a central plateau, with an arbitrary transverse-momentum spectrum. The spectrum of the decay products is calculated exactly as an integral over the spectrum of the centrally produced resonance or particle. Special forms applicable to large and small momentum transfer are presented along with an accurate inversion formula. We show how the large-transverse-momentum behavior of the resonance production is replicated in the decay products. The decay ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is considered in detail.

Large transverse-momentum scaling as $\frac{\mathrm{Ed}\ensuremath{\sigma}}{{d}^{3}p}=p_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}8}f({x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}},{x}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}})$ is first discussed in terms of models of parton-parton scattering. We review explicitly the equivalence of this approach to the multiperipheral and field-theory approaches, and we find the parton distribution function that fits the recent CERN ISR and NAL data. Then the deviations from scaling at nonasymptotic energies due to internal and external masses are examined by an exact numerical calculation of the general peripheral structure for the single-particle spectrum, which includes the parton models. This provides good fits to the single-particle spectra at all ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ and explains the observed deviations from scaling at small ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. The rise of the central plateau, secondary trajectories, and particle ratios at large ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ are also discussed.

We describe a new planetarium show about Dark Matter entitled “Phantom of the Universe”. When completed in late 2014, it will feature the exciting story of dark matter, from the Big Bang to its anticipated discovery at the Large Hadron Collider.

There are many varied programs of education and outreach in particle physics. This report for the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society 2001 meeting reviews the impact of these programs in general, and also gives several examples of ongoing programs with a primary focus on those in the US.

After half a century of waiting, the drama was intense. Physicists slept overnight outside the auditorium to get seats for the seminar at the CERN lab in Geneva, Switzerland. Ten thousand miles away on the other side of the planet, at the world's most prestigious international particle physics conference, hundreds of physicists from every corner of the globe lined up to hear the seminar streamed live from Geneva (see Fig. 1). And in universities from North America to Asia, physicists and students gathered to watch the streaming talks.

After half a century of waiting, the drama was intense. Physicists slept overnight outside the auditorium to get seats for the seminar at the CERN lab in Geneva, Switzerland. Ten thousand miles away on the other side of the planet, at the world's most prestigious international particle physics conference, hundreds of physicists from every corner of the globe lined up to hear the seminar streamed live from Geneva (see Fig. 1). And in universities from North America to Asia, physicists and students gathered to watch the streaming talks.

Produced-mass and internal-mass effects are used along with symmetry considerations in a general peripheral structure to account for the $\frac{K}{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ ratio in the central plateau with no free parameters. The increase of the ratio with increasing ${q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ is accounted for.

If the Pomeron is a fixed pole, it must be “shielded” from t-channel unitarity by a special type of cut. We show how to obtain such a cut. There are no arbitrary parameters between the cut and the pole, and definite predictions of rising cross-sections, shrinkage and (ReF)/(ImF) result. These are found to be in good agreements with high energy data. Previously we obtained a very similar cut (with similar fits), but we no longer require use of an exotic trajectory.

Charmed-meson production in hadronic collisions is estimated in a general peripheral model. The shape of the spectra of leptons from charmed-meson decay modes is shown, and bounds are given on branching ratios to those decay modes. A possible source of leptons in hadronic collisions is suggested.

ATLAS Education and Outreach 5 April 2006 The Education and Outreach Project of ATLAS – a new participant in physics education R. Michael Barnett 1 and K.Erik Johansson 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 1. Introduction With the extraordinary possibility to make groundbreaking discoveries, the ATLAS Experiment [1] at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN can play an important role in promoting contemporary physics at school. For many years ATLAS has had a substantial collaborative Education and Outreach (E&O) project in which physicists from various parts of the world take part. When the experiment begins in 2007, students from around the world will be analyzing data using cutting-edge technology. The unprecedented collision energies of the Large Hadron Collider allow ATLAS to decode the “events” that unfold after the head-on collisions of protons (Fig. 1). The scientific results from these events will reveal much about the basic nature of matter, energy, space, and time. Students and others will be excited as they try to find events that may be signs for dark matter, extra dimensions of space, mini-black holes, string theory, and other fundamental discoveries. Science education and outreach and the promotion of awareness and appreciation of physics research have become important tasks for the research community and should be recognised as a natural and logical part of science research and as an important link between research and society. To be successful these activities have to be done in a systematic and professional way. Leading scientists together with multimedia experts can form a powerful team with teachers and educators in disseminating physics information to school and universities. The ATLAS collaboration has fully recognised the importance of education and outreach. The ATLAS E&O project can be a model for today’s large science experiments in promoting science at schools and universities.

We provide a mini-guide to some of the possible manifestations of weak scale supersymmetry. For each of six scenarios we provide a brief description of the theoretical underpinnings, the adjustable parameters, a qualitative description of the associated phenomenology at future colliders, comments on how to simulate each scenario with existing event generators.

The Regge-pole eikonal scheme is used to generate the partial and total cross sections and Argand diagrams in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}p$ scattering at intermediate and low energies. The correspondence between the calculated partial-wave results and the observed $s$-channel resonances is closer than with the direct use of Regge poles, but the total cross sections at lower energies completely lack the experimentally observed structure.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. Michael Barnett; Charged and neutral current couplings of quarks (as seen by neutrinos). AIP Conf. Proc. 1 September 1978; 45 (1): 372–382. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.31409 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

A critical discussion is given of analyses of scaling violation in deep-inelastic scattering in the context of QCD. Several possible approaches are examined. Higher twist contributions are defined, and it is shown that they can have a crucial impact on tests of QCD. Higher twist terms can dramatically affect R = sigma/sub L//sigma/sub T/. QCD may be harder to test than previously realized. 17 references.

A careful analysis is presented of the most recent data for R(e+e−→ hadrons) using improved theoretical techniques. Recent calculations of higher‐order corrections are discussed. It shown why R is potentially one of the best tests of QCD. For ?s near 7 GeV, the data lie about 16% above the theory; the experimental uncertainty is ±10% (dominated by systematics). While this discrepancy may well be due to experimental problems, we also consider the possibility that there is a threshold for new particles (at ?s≊6 GeV) such as new quarks, Higgs bosons, heavy leptons, quixes and massive gluons.

We propose a method to detect the associated pair production, at the Z0 resonance, of the light scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons predicted by the minimal supersymmetric model. The method would be useful to study Higgs boson masses in the range 15–50 GeV. We consider the bb-bb and bb-τ+τ− decat combinations of the Higgs pair. We exploit the agular distributions of the decay products in order to suppress the background and accurately determine the mass of the two Higgs particles. The number of events is small, but the signals are very distinct, and a limited study strongly suggests that the backgrounds will not obscure the signals.

We review ongoing efforts and discuss possible future directions in informing the public and educating students about Particle Physics.

We review ongoing efforts and discuss possible future directions in informing the public and educating students about Particle Physics.