R. Lipton

This paper describes the design, fabrication, installation and performance of the new inner layer called Layer 0 (L0) that was inserted in the existing Run IIa silicon micro-strip tracker (SMT) of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron p¯p collider. L0 provides tracking information from two layers of sensors, which are mounted with center lines at a radial distance of 16.1 and 17.6 mm from the beam axis. The sensors and read-out electronics are mounted on a specially designed and fabricated carbon fiber structure that includes cooling for sensor and read-out electronics. The structure has a thin polyimide circuit bonded to it so that the circuit couples electrically to the carbon fiber allowing the support structure to be used both for detector grounding and a low impedance connection between the remotely mounted hybrids and the sensors.

This report summarizes the work of the Energy Frontier Higgs Boson working group of the 2013 Community Summer Study (Snowmass). We identify the key elements of a precision Higgs physics program and document the physics potential of future experimental facilities as elucidated during the Snowmass study. We study Higgs couplings to gauge boson and fermion pairs, double Higgs production for the Higgs self-coupling, its quantum numbers and $CP$-mixing in Higgs couplings, the Higgs mass and total width, and prospects for direct searches for additional Higgs bosons in extensions of the Standard Model. Our report includes projections of measurement capabilities from detailed studies of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), a Gamma-Gamma Collider, the International Linear Collider (ILC), the Large Hadron Collider High-Luminosity Upgrade (HL-LHC), Very Large Hadron Colliders up to 100 TeV (VLHC), a Muon Collider, and a Triple-Large Electron Positron Collider (TLEP).

We report results on D0 and D+ production in proton-emulsion interactions at s=38.7 GeV. A fit to the form (1−|xF|)n exp (−bp2T) yields n=6.9+1.9−1.8 and b=0.84+0.10−0.08(GeV/c)−2. The total inclusive cross section, is assuming linear A dependence, is measured to be 38±3(stat.) ±13 (sys.) μb for the D0 and 38±9±14 μb for the D+. A comparison of these results with previous measurements indicates that nuclear effects do not strongly influence charm production. The predictions of QCD are in good agreement with our data.

This paper describes the mechanical design, the readout chain, the production, testing and the installation of the Silicon Microstrip Tracker of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. In addition, we describe the performance and operational experience of the detector during the experiment data collection between 2001 and 2010.

A measurement of the form factor ratios in the decay D+→K∗(892)0μ+ν is obtained by fitting to the decay angles and q2 of 305 events. The results, evaluated at q2 = 0, are A2(0)/A1(0) = 0.82+0.22−0.23 (stat.)±0.11 (sys.) and V(0)/A1(0) = 2.00+0.34−0.32±0.16, where A1 and A2 are the axial vector form factors and V is the vector form factor. The corresponding ratio of the longitudinal to transverse polarization of the K∗0 is 1.18±0.18±0.08. These results are compared with other experimental results and with theoretical predictions.

The High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider will deliver 10 times more integrated luminosity than the existing collider, posing significant challenges for radiation tolerance and event pileup on detectors, especially for forward calorimetry. As part of its upgrade program, the Compact Muon Solenoid collaboration is designing a high-granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. It will feature unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout and triggering segmentation for both electromagnetic and hadronic sections. The electromagnetic section and a large fraction of the hadronic section will be based on hexagonal silicon sensors of 0.5–1 cm2 cell size, with the remainder of the hadronic section being based on highly-segmented scintillators with silicon photomultiplier readout. The intrinsic high-precision timing capabilities of the silicon sensors will add an extra dimension to event reconstruction, especially in terms of pileup rejection. First hexagonal silicon modules, using the existing Skiroc2 front-end ASIC developed for CALICE, have been tested in beams at Fermilab and CERN in 2016. We present results from these tests, in terms of system stability, calibration with minimum-ionizing particles and resolution (energy, position and timing) for electrons, and the comparisons of these quantities with GEANT4-based simulation.

This report summarizes the work of the Energy Frontier Higgs Boson working group of the 2013 Community Summer Study (Snowmass). We identify the key elements of a precision Higgs physics program and document the physics potential of future experimental facilities as elucidated during the Snowmass study. We study Higgs couplings to gauge boson and fermion pairs, double Higgs production for the Higgs self-coupling, its quantum numbers and $CP$-mixing in Higgs couplings, the Higgs mass and total width, and prospects for direct searches for additional Higgs bosons in extensions of the Standard Model. Our report includes projections of measurement capabilities from detailed studies of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), a Gamma-Gamma Collider, the International Linear Collider (ILC), the Large Hadron Collider High-Luminosity Upgrade (HL-LHC), Very Large Hadron Colliders up to 100 TeV (VLHC), a Muon Collider, and a Triple-Large Electron Positron Collider (TLEP).

A search for charm hadron decays into two muons plus one or more hadrons has been carried out using a hybrid emulsion spectrometer. This technique is sensitive to modes with missing neutrals, e.g. π0μ+μ− and ϱ±μ+μ−, as well as to constrained modes having visible invariant masses equal to those of charm states. No evidence for any such decays has been found, which allows upper limits at the 90% confidence level as low as 1.8 × 10−4 to be placed on the branching fractions for charm-changing neutral-current and lepton-number violating decay modes.

The fraction f of ${\mathit{D}}^{0}$ semimuonic decays which occur through the K\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu} mode has been measured in a hybrid emulsion spectrometer. Analysis of 124 semimuonic ${\mathit{D}}^{0}$-decay candidates gives f=0.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 (stat) \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 (syst). From this measurement and existing data on the ${\mathit{D}}^{0}$ semileptonic branching ratio and lifetime, we obtain the branching ratio R(${\mathit{D}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{+}$\ensuremath{\nu})=(2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)% and partial decay rate \ensuremath{\Gamma}(${\mathit{D}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{+}$\ensuremath{\nu})=(5.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{10}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.

The branching ratio for the decay mode D+→K∗0μ+ν has been measured with two methods. The first uses D0→K−μ+ν for normalization, and yields the result B(D+→K∗0μ+ν)=(3.25±0.71±0.75)%. From this method we also obtain the direct measurement Γ(D+→K∗0μ+ν)/Γ(D0→K−μ+ν)=0.43±0.09±0.09. The second method uses the mode D+→K−π+π+ for normalization and yields B(D+→K∗0μ+ν)=(4.18±0.66±0.96)%. Combining the results of the two methods yields B(D+→K∗0μ+ν)=(3.57±0.96)%.

A hybrid apparatus consisting of a movable emulsion target and a magnetic spectrometer was used in a fixed target Fermilab Tevatron experiment to study the production of heavy quarks by high-energy hadron beams. High-resolution silicon microstrip detectors were used for precise tracking in the dense particle environment. Details of the experimental apparatus, including the data acquisition system, are described.

High granularity silicon pixel sensors are at the heart of energy frontier particle physics collider experiments. At an collision rate of 40\,MHz, these detectors create massive amounts of data. Signal processing that handles data incoming at those rate and intelligently reduces the data within the pixelated region of the detector \textit{at rate} will enhance physics performance and enable physics analyses that are not currently possible. Using the shape of charge clusters deposited in an array of small pixels, the physical properties of the traversing particle can be extracted with locally customized neural networks. In this first work, we present a neural network that can be embedded into the on-sensor readout and filter out hits from low momentum tracks, reducing the detector's data volume by 54.4-75.4\%. The network is designed and simulated as a custom readout integrated circuit with 28\,nm CMOS technology and is expected to operate at less than 300\,$\mu W$ with an area of less than 0.2\,mm$^2$.

We will present the proposed research project to develop 3D-integrated sensors using advanced manufacturing capability for novel sensors, heterogeneously integrated with energy efficient readout circuits. The lack of precision timing in particle tracking detectors and the absence of low power, high throughput communications solutions to read them out limits progress in multiple fields of fundamental science. The aim of the project is to develop technology to enable large-scale particle detectors with 3D-integrated ASIC designs to simultaneously achieve 10 μm position resolution and 10 ps precision timing, with low-power consumption and high throughput rates. This research program leverages the unique combination of facilities and cross-disciplinary expertise of scientists and engineers at SLAC, FNAL, and LLNL and industrial partners.

Fermilab began exploring the technologies for vertically integrated circuits (also commonly known as 3D circuits) in 2006. These technologies include through silicon vias (TSV), circuit thinning, and bonding techniques to replace conventional bump bonds. Since then, the interest within the High Energy Physics community has grown considerably. This paper will present an overview of the activities at Fermilab over the last 3 years which have helped spark this interest.

We present results on charm pair correlations measured in proton-emulsion interactions at s=38.7 GeV. The predictions of leading order QCD for the distributions in invariant mass, rapidity gap, xF, and polar angle in the charm pair CMS are qualitatively consistent with our measurements. The mean pT of the pairs is equal within errors to that measured in dilepton production at the same energy and mass range.

We have measured inclusive particle production in neutron-nucleus collisions at high energies. Data on positive and negative particles produced in nuclei, ranging in size from Be to Pb, are presented for essentially the full forward hemisphere in the center-of-mass system. Fits of the form ${A}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ to the invariant production cross section indicate that $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ changes from \ensuremath{\sim}0.85 to \ensuremath{\sim}0.55 for laboratory rapidities ranging from 3 to 8. Multiperipheral models which invoke cut contributions to particle production in nuclei predict such behavior.

We present total and differential cross sections for charm mesons produced in 600 GeV/c π- emulsion interactions. Fits to d2σ/dxF dpT2∞ (1−|xF|)nexp (-bpT2) for 676 electronically reconstructed D mesons with xF>0 give n=4.25±0.24 (stat.)±0.23 (syst.) and b=0.76±0.03±0.03 (GeV/c)-2. The total inclusive D+ and D0 cross sections are σ(π-N→D±; xF>0) = 8.66±0.46±1.96μb nucleon and σ(π-N→D0D0; xF>0)=22.05±1.37±4.82μb nucleonk, where a linear dependence on the mean atomic weight of the target is assumed. These results are compared to next-to-leading order QCD predictions.

We propose the construction of, and describe in detail, a compact Muon Collider s-channel Higgs Factory.

We have observed 23.2 ± 6.0−0.9+1.0 purely-leptonic decays of Ds+ → μ+νμ from a sample of muonic one prong decay events detected in the emulsion target of Fermilab experiment E653. Using the Ds+ → φμ+νμ yield measured previously in this experiment, we obtain B(Ds+ → μ+νμ)B(Ds+ → φμ+νμ) = 0.16 ± 0.06 ± 0.03. In addition, we extract the decay constant fDs = 194 ± 35 ± 20 ± 14 MeV.

We report on the production characteristics and total cross section for 9 beauty hadron pairs produced by a 600 GeV/c π− beam, the first such information in this energy region. The events were detected in the hybrid emulsion spectrometer of Fermilab Experiment E653. The measured pair cross section for all χF, assuming linear A dependence, is 33±11 (stat.)±6(syst.) nb/nucleon. Fits of the inclusive single-hadron production distribution to the forms dσdχF∝ (1−|χF−χ0|)n and dσdpT2∝exp(−bpt2)given=5.0−2.1−1.7+2.7+1.7, χ0=0.06−0.07−0.03+0.06+0.02,andb=0.13−0.04−0.02+0.05+0.02(GeV/c−2. .The pairs tend to be produced back-to-back.

We present a study of the Cabibbo-allowed semimuonic decay modes of the DS+ produced in 600GeVcπ− -emulsion interactions. From a signal of 18.7±4.9−0.7+0.4 events in the DS+ → øμ+υ channel, the product of production cross section and partial width is measured with respect to that for D+→K∗0μ+υ to be (σ(DS+)σ(D+)). ø(Λ(DS+→ øμ+ν)Λ(D+→K∗0μ+ν)) = 0.56 ± 0.14 ± 0.12. The form factor ratios in the decay, obtained by fitting to the decay angles and q2, are A2(0)1(0)= 2.1−0.5+0.6± 0.2 and V (0)A1(0)= 2.3−0.9+1.1± 0.4, where A1 (0) and A2 (0) are the axial vector form factors and V(0) is the vector form factor, evaluated at q2 = 0. The first observation of DS+ → (ημ+υ + η'μ+υ) is also reported, and øΓ (DS+→(ημ+υ + η'μ+υ))Γ (DS+→ øμ+υ) is determined to be 3.9 ± 1.6.

We present the results of a search for leptons produced in coincidence with a prompt muon in neutron-beryllium collisions at 300 GeV/c. The experiment was sensitive to trigger muons and associated leptons of both low momentum and low transverse momentum. A clear ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ signal was found, but no significant ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{e}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ signal was observed. We report an upper limit for associated charmed-particle production [${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{C\overline{C}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}B(C\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}+X)\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}B(C\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e+X)$] of 340 nb/nucleon, at the 95% confidence level.

Progress in the physical sciences depends as much on innovations in instrumentation that enable more refined experiments as on new theoretical ideas. This article reviews the instrumentation developments in particle and nuclear physics that have brought new understanding in those fields, their impact upon broader societal issues, and their interdependence with commercial advances.

We present a measurement of the top quark pair (tt¯) production cross section (σtt¯) in pp¯ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using 230 pb−1 of data collected by the DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We select events with one charged lepton (electron or muon), large missing transverse energy, and at least four jets, and extract the tt¯ content of the sample based on the kinematic characteristics of the events. For a top quark mass of 175 GeV, we measure σtt¯=6.7−1.3+1.4(stat)−1.1+1.6(syst)±0.4(lumi)pb, in good agreement with the standard model prediction.

We report the first observation of the Cabibo disfavored semileptonic decay mode D+ → ρ(770)0 μ+v and measure its decay rate relative to the Cabibbo favored mode D+→K̄∗(892)0μ+v to be Λ(D+→ ρ(770)0μ+vΛ(D+→K̄∗(892)0μ+v)= 0.0440.031−0.025(stat.) ± 0.014 (syst.). The results are compared to theoretical predictions and to previous experimental upper limits.

We present the results of a search at Fermilab for the charmed meson, ${D}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}(1865)$, produced in association with a prompt muon by 300-GeV/c neutrons. We observe no significant enhancement in high-mass ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ systems and report, at the 95% confidence level, an upper limit of 200 nb/nucleon for the production of a pair of charmed particles and their subsequent decay into a ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ state and a prompt muon.

We have measured charged-particle production in neutron-nucleus collisions at high energy. Data on positive and negative particles produced in nuclei [ranging in atomic number ($A$) from beryllium to lead] are presented for essentially the full forward hemisphere of the center-of-mass system. A rough pion-proton separation is achieved for the positive spectra. Fits of the form ${A}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ to the cross sections are presented as functions of transverse momentum, longitudinal momentum, rapidity, and pseudorapidity. It is found that $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ changes from \ensuremath{\sim}0.85 to \ensuremath{\sim}0.60 for laboratory rapidities ranging from 4 to 8. Trends in the data differ markedly when examined in terms of pseudorapidity rather than rapidity. Qualitatively, the major features of our data can be understood in terms of current particle-production models.

Upper limits at the 90% confidence level are presented for four- and five-prong semimuonic decays of charm mesons. From a study of four-prong vertices we find B(D0 → K−π+π−μ+ν)/B(D0 → K−μ+ν) < 0.037 and B (D0→ (K∗(892)π)−μ+ν)/B(D0→ K−μ+ν) < 0.043. The five-prong vertices yield the result B(DS+ → η′μ+ν) / B(DS+ → φμ+ν) < 1.6.

Recent advances in compressed sensing theory and algorithms offer new possibilities for high-speed X-ray camera design. In many CMOS cameras, each pixel has an independent on-board circuit that includes an amplifier, noise rejection, signal shaper, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and optional in-pixel storage. When X-ray images are sparse, i.e., when one of the following cases is true: (a.) The number of pixels with true X-ray hits is much smaller than the total number of pixels; (b.) The X-ray information is redundant; or (c.) Some prior knowledge about the X-ray images exists, sparse sampling may be allowed. Here we first illustrate the feasibility of random on-board pixel sampling (ROPS) using an existing set of X-ray images, followed by a discussion about signal to noise as a function of pixel size. Next, we describe a possible circuit architecture to achieve random pixel access and in-pixel storage. The combination of a multilayer architecture, sparse on-chip sampling, and computational image techniques, is expected to facilitate the development and applications of high-speed X-ray camera technology.

Abstract A new method, called graphic scanning, was developed by the Nagoya University Group for emulsion analysis in a hybrid experiment. This method enhances both speed and reliability of emulsion analysis. Details of the application of this technique to the analysis of Fermilab experiment E653 are described.

A number of experiments have been instrumented by an ADC scheme utilizing an integrated amplifier, a packaged delay line, the difference of two samples taken Before and After the signal exits the delay, and a multiplexer to a single ADC for a system. This paper discusses design features, operating peculiarities, and experience to date.

Highly granular pixel detectors allow for increasingly precise measurements of charged particle tracks. Next-generation detectors require that pixel sizes will be further reduced, leading to unprecedented data rates exceeding those foreseen at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Signal processing that handles data incoming at a rate of O(40MHz) and intelligently reduces the data within the pixelated region of the detector at rate will enhance physics performance at high luminosity and enable physics analyses that are not currently possible. Using the shape of charge clusters deposited in an array of small pixels, the physical properties of the traversing particle can be extracted with locally customized neural networks. In this first demonstration, we present a neural network that can be embedded into the on-sensor readout and filter out hits from low momentum tracks, reducing the detector's data volume by 54.4-75.4%. The network is designed and simulated as a custom readout integrated circuit with 28 nm CMOS technology and is expected to operate at less than 300 $\mu W$ with an area of less than 0.2 mm$^2$. The temporal development of charge clusters is investigated to demonstrate possible future performance gains, and there is also a discussion of future algorithmic and technological improvements that could enhance efficiency, data reduction, and power per area.

The combinatorics of track seeding has long been a computational bottleneck for triggering and offline computing in High Energy Physics (HEP), and remains so for the HL-LHC. Next-generation pixel sensors will be sufficiently fine-grained to determine angular information of the charged particle passing through from pixel-cluster properties. This detector technology immediately improves the situation for offline tracking, but any major improvements in physics reach are unrealized since they are dominated by lowest-level hardware trigger acceptance. We will demonstrate track angle and hit position prediction, including errors, using a mixture density network within a single layer of silicon as well as the progress towards and status of implementing the neural network in hardware on both FPGAs and ASICs.

The combinatorics of track seeding has long been a computational bottleneck for triggering and offline computing in High Energy Physics (HEP), and remains so for the HL-LHC. Next-generation pixel sensors will be sufficiently fine-grained to determine angular information of the charged particle passing through from pixel-cluster properties. This detector technology immediately improves the situation for offline tracking, but any major improvements in physics reach are unrealized since they are dominated by lowest-level hardware trigger acceptance. We will demonstrate track angle and hit position prediction, including errors, using a mixture density network within a single layer of silicon as well as the progress towards and status of implementing the neural network in hardware on both FPGAs and ASICs.

A search for charm production in the coherent diffractive dissociation reaction pSi→XSi was carried out for the modes D0→K−π+, D0→K−π+π+π−, and D+→K−π+π+. No charm signals were observed, and the 90% confidence level upper limit for coherent charm pair production was determined to be 26 μb per silicon nucleus. The results are interpreted as an upper limit of 0.2% on the amount of intrinsic charm in the proton.

The luminosity goal for the Super-LHC is 1035/cm2/s. At this luminosity the number of proton-proton interactions in each beam crossing will be in the hundreds. This will stress many components of the CMS detector. One system that has to be upgraded is the trigger system. To keep the rate at which the level 1 trigger fires manageable, information from the tracker has to be integrated into the level 1 trigger. Current design proposals foresee tracking detectors that perform on-detector filtering to reject hits from low-momentum particles. In order to build a trigger system, the filtered hit data from different layers and sectors of the tracker will have to be transmitted off the detector and brought together in a logic processor that generates trigger tracks within the time window allowed by the level 1 trigger latency. This paper describes a possible architecture for the off-detector logic that accomplishes this goal.

We report on the characteristics of 9 bb pair events produced by a 600 GeV/c π- beam and detected in the hybrid emulsion spectrometer of Fermilab experiment E653. The measured lifetimes for samples of 12 neutral and 6 charged beauty hadrons are τb0 = 0.81+0.34+0.08-0.22-0.02 ps, and τb± = 3.84+2.73+0.80-1.36-0.16 ps.

Many next-generation physics experiments will be characterized by the collection of large quantities of data, taken in rapid succession, from which scientists will have to unravel the underlying physical processes. In most cases, large backgrounds will overwhelm the physics signal. Since the quantity of data that can be stored for later analysis is limited, real-time event selection is imperative to retain the interesting events while rejecting the background. Scaling of current technologies is unlikely to satisfy the scientific needs of future projects, so investments in transformational new technologies need to be made. For example, future particle physics experiments looking for rare processes will have to address the demanding challenges of fast pattern recognition in triggering as detector hit density becomes significantly higher due to the high luminosity required to produce the rare processes. In this proposal, we intend to develop hardware-based technology that significantly advances the state-of-the-art for fast pattern recognition within and outside HEP using the 3D vertical integration technology that has emerged recently in industry. The ultimate physics reach of the LHC experiments will crucially depend on the tracking trigger's ability to help discriminate between interesting rare events and the background. Hardware-based pattern recognition for fast triggering on particle tracks has been successfully used in high-energy physics experiments for some time. The CDF Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT) at the Fermilab Tevatron is an excellent example. The method used there, developed in the 1990's, is based on algorithms that use a massively parallel associative memory architecture to identify patterns efficiently at high speed. However, due to much higher occupancy and event rates at the LHC, and the fact that the LHC detectors have a much larger number of channels in their tracking detectors, there is an enormous challenge in implementing pattern recognition for a track trigger, requiring about three orders of magnitude more associative memory patterns than what was used in the original CDF SVT. Significant improvement in the architecture of associative memory structures is needed to run fast pattern recognition algorithms of this scale. We are proposing the development of 3D integrated circuit technology as a way to implement new associative memory structures for fast pattern recognition applications. Adding a 'third' dimension to the signal processing chain, as compared to the two-dimensional nature of printed circuit boards, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), etc., opens up the possibility for new architectures that could dramatically enhance pattern recognition capability. We are currently performing preliminary design work to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. In this proposal, we seek to develop the design and perform the ASIC engineering necessary to realize a prototype device. While our focus here is on the Energy Frontier (e.g. the LHC), the approach may have applications in experiments in the Intensity Frontier and the Cosmic Frontier as well as other scientific and medical projects. In fact, the technique that we are proposing is very generic and could have wide applications far beyond track trigger, both within and outside HEP.

We propose the construction of a compact Muon Collider Higgs Factory. Such a machine can produce up to \sim 14,000 at 8\times 10^{31} cm^-2 sec^-1 clean Higgs events per year, enabling the most precise possible measurement of the mass, width and Higgs-Yukawa coupling constants.

The relative branching fraction RK = Γ(D0 → K−μ+v)/Γ(D0 → μ−X) has been measured by Fermilab experiment E653, using D0 mesons produced by 600 GeV π−. The semimuonic decay sample of 232 events was identified by the decay chain D∗+→ D0π+, D0→ μ+h−X, where h is a hadron. The Kμv component was extracted from the joint distribution of these events in the D0 decay variables Mmin and pTh. We find RK = 0.472 ± 0.051 (stat) ± 0.040 (sys), and use a world average of the D0 → Klv branching fraction to obtain the D0 inclusive semimuonic branching fraction B(D0 → μ+X) = (7.67 ± 1.13)%.

Heavy flavor experiments currently in progress at e{sup +}e{sup -} colliders or in the fixed target programs at CERN and Fermilab are aimed at collecting large samples (> 10,000 reconstructed events) of charmed events. These experiments will provide a great deal of information about charmed meson systems, but the expected yield of charmed baryons is not large--10% or less of the sample size. The most detailed study of the charm strange baryon {Xi}{sub c}{sup +} comes not from a large-statistics central production experiment at high energy but rather from a 20-day run at modest beam flux in the CERN hyperon beam. This proposal exploits the advantages in triggering and particle identification of large-x production to make a systematic study of charm baryon production and decay systematics. For the dominant ({approx} 10% branching ratio) modes of these baryons, they expect to collect 10{sup 6} triggered events in each mode per running period. This will give adequate statistics to study even highly suppressed modes. The study of meson systematics by the Mark III spectrometer at SPEAR led to a revolution in the understanding of charmed meson decay mechanisms. No present experiment will supply a similar data set for the charmed baryons. A fixed target experiment cannot supply the absolute branching ratios that e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation on the {Upsilon}(3770) resonance provides for the Mark III data. They can supply relative branching ratios for the non-leptonic and semileptonic decay modes of charmed baryons and establish the importance of two-body resonance modes in the decay mechanism. This information, along with lifetime measurements for {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}, {Sigma}{sub c}{sup ++}, {Sigma}{sub c}{sup +}, {Sigma}{sub c}{sup 0}, {Xi}{sub c}{sup +} and {Omega}{sub c}{sup 0} baryons, will permit evaluation in the baryon sector of the role of color suppression, Pauli suppression, sextet enhancement and other varied mechanisms which influence decay rates of charmed hadrons. This information will be very difficult to obtain from existing spectrometers because of the wide range of particle identification methods needed to handle different decay modes. SELEX is designed specifically to do this job, as they said in the Letter of Intent.

We report on the characteristics of 9 bb pair events produced by a 600 GeV/c π- beam and detected in the hybrid emulsion spectrometer of Fermilab experiment E653. The measured lifetimes for samples of 12 neutral and 6 charged beauty hadrons are τb0 = 0.81+0.34+0.08-0.22-0.02 ps, and τb± = 3.84+2.73+0.80-1.36-0.16 ps.

This report summarizes the work of the Energy Frontier Higgs Boson working group of the 2013 Community Summer Study (Snowmass). We identify the key elements of a precision Higgs physics program and document the physics potential of future experimental facilities as elucidated during the Snowmass study. We study Higgs couplings to gauge boson and fermion pairs, double Higgs production for the Higgs self-coupling, its quantum numbers andCP -mixing in Higgs couplings, the Higgs mass and total width, and prospects for direct searches for additional Higgs bosons in extensions of the Standard Model. Our report includes projections of measurement capabilities from detailed studies of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), a Gamma-Gamma Collider, the International Linear Collider (ILC), the Large Hadron Collider High-Luminosity Upgrade (HLLHC), Very Large Hadron Colliders up to 100 TeV (VLHC), a Muon Collider, and a Triple-Large Electron Positron Collider (TLEP).

Abstract Details of the construction and operation of a lead, liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeter used in Fermilab experiment E515 are presented. The system had an active projected area of 1.2×2.4 m 2 . Its performance in low intensity electron beams and in exposure to intense, high multiplicity 200 GeV/ c π − Be interactions are described.

The Instrumentation Frontier was set up as a part of the Snowmass 2013 Community Summer Study to examine the instrumentation R&amp;D needed to support particle physics research over the coming decade. This report summarizes the findings of the Energy Frontier subgroup of the Instrumentation Frontier.

Contents of collection of whitepapers include: Operation of Collider Experiments at High Luminosity; Level 1 Track Triggers at HL-LHC; Tracking and Vertex Detectors for a Muon Collider; Triggers for hadron colliders at the energy frontier; ATLAS Upgrade Instrumentation; Instrumentation for the Energy Frontier; Particle Flow Calorimetry for CMS; Noble Liquid Calorimeters; Hadronic dual-readout calorimetry for high energy colliders; Another Detector for the International Linear Collider; e+e- Linear Colliders Detector Requirements and Limitations; Electromagnetic Calorimetry in Project X Experiments The Project X Physics Study; Intensity Frontier Instrumentation; Project X Physics Study Calorimetry Report; Project X Physics Study Tracking Report; The LHCb Upgrade; Neutrino Detectors Working Group Summary; Advanced Water Cherenkov R&D for WATCHMAN; Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC); Liquid Scintillator Instrumentation for Physics Frontiers; A readout architecture for 100,000 pixel Microwave Kinetic In- ductance Detector array; Instrumentation for New Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization; Future Atmospheric and Water Cherenkov ?-ray Detectors; Dark Energy; Can Columnar Recombination Provide Directional Sensitivity in WIMP Search?; Instrumentation Needs for Detection of Ultra-high Energy Neu- trinos; Low Background Materials for Direct Detection of Dark Matter; Physics Motivation for WIMP Dark Matter Directional Detection; Solid Xenon R&D at Fermilab; Ultra High Energy Neutrinos; Instrumentation Frontier: Direct Detection of WIMPs; nEXO detector R&D; Large Arrays of Air Cherenkov Detectors; and Applications of Laser Interferometry in Fundamental Physics Experiments.

We propose the construction of, and describe in detail, a compact Muon Collider s-channel Higgs Factory.

Future particle physics experiments looking for rare processes will have no choice but to address the demanding challenges of fast pattern recognition in triggering as detector hit density becomes significantly higher due to the high luminosity required to produce the rare process. The authors propose to develop a 3D Vertically Integrated Pattern Recognition Associative Memory (VIPRAM) chip for HEP applications, to advance the state-of-the-art for pattern recognition and track reconstruction for fast triggering.

Silicon strip detectors are a proven and more affordable technology. However, they are susceptible to high radiation damage. As part of the characterization of the effects of high radiation on silicon detectors, a baseline performance of these detectors under normal, low radiation conditions needs to be established. We did this by using an optimized setup and an infrared laser to simulate particle incidents. The detectors responded to applied bias voltage as expected. We then compared the performance of both economy amplifiers and an expensive amplifier as part of the optimized setup. For all intents and purposes, the economy amplifier worked just as well as the expensive amplifier.

4-dimensional (4D) trackers with ultra fast timing (10-30 ps) and very fine spatial resolution (O(few $\mu$m)) represent a new avenue in the development of silicon trackers, enabling new physics capabilities beyond the reach of the existing tracking detectors. This paper reviews the impact of integrating 4D tracking capabilities on several physics benchmarks both in potential upgrades of the HL-LHC experiments and in several detectors at future colliders, and summarizes the currently available sensor technologies as well as electronics, along with their limitations and directions for R$\&$D.

For the field of high energy physics to continue to have a bright future, priority within the field must be given to investments in the development of both evolutionary and transformational detector development that is coordinated across the national laboratories and with the university community, international partners and other disciplines. While the fundamental science questions addressed by high energy physics have never been more compelling, there is acute awareness of the challenging budgetary and technical constraints when scaling current technologies. Furthermore, many technologies are reaching their sensitivity limit and new approaches need to be developed to overcome the currently irreducible technological challenges. This situation is unfolding against a backdrop of declining funding for instrumentation, both at the national laboratories and in particular at the universities. This trend has to be reversed for the country to continue to play a leadership role in particle physics, especially in this most promising era of imminent new discoveries that could finally break the hugely successful, but limited, Standard Model of fundamental particle interactions. In this challenging environment it is essential that the community invest anew in instrumentation and optimize the use of the available resources to develop new innovative, cost-effective instrumentation, as this is our best hope to successfully accomplish the mission of high energy physics. This report summarizes the current status of instrumentation for high energy physics, the challenges and needs of future experiments and indicates high priority research areas.

This poster seeks to characterize the quality of silicon sensors that will potentially be used in the High Granularity Calorimeter at the Compact Muon Solenoid detector. The silicon sensors used in this analysis were provided by the companies Hammatsu and NHanced. The silicon sensors were characterized by measuring the capacitance of the MOS and diode structures on the sensor's test structures both before and after irradiation.

Sensors fabricated from high resistivity, float zone, silicon material have been the basis of vertex detectors and trackers for the last 30 years. The areas of these devices have increased from a few square cm to >200 m2 for the existing CMS tracker. CMS and ATLAS upgrades will each require more than 200 m2 of silicon and the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC) will require more than 600 m2. Cost and complexity of assembly of these devices is related to the area of each module, which in turn is set by the area of the silicon sensors. A move from 4” and 6” wafers (the only sizes currently available) to 8” diameter in volume production has the potential for savings of tens of millions of dollars in the detector upgrade programs at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future experiments. In addition to large area, the devices must be radiation hard, which can be achieved by the use of sensors thinned to 200 microns or less. The combination of wafer thinning and large wafer diameter is a significant technical challenge, and is the subject of this work.

This report compiles multiple articles describing activities developed and performed under the Site-Directed Research and Development Program for the benefit the Nation during Fiscal Year 2018. Sustained investment and ongoing core innovation are the keys to successful research and development programs. These elements drive the Site-Directed Research and Development (SDRD) Program and provide solutions to some of the most challenging problems our nation and our allies face. Our Nevada enterprise, consisting of both our management and operating entity and our NNSA field office, is aggressively investing in SDRD and injecting innovation through strategic partnerships. Our partnerships with universities, industry, and our sister institutions within the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) build upon our core capabilities and allow us to create innovative solutions to support our mission requirements. In 2018, we raised the investment level of SDRD for only the second time in the history of the program. Nearly at our congressionally authorized limit, SDRD has substantial resources to successfully address numerous issues. Investment is only one part of the equation; innovation is generated through collaborations that bring discovery and provide the “technical differentiation” and the return on investment we seek. This report demonstrates an enduring theme of how partnerships help us drive the best outcomes and provide the maximum impact possible, while using our resources efficiently.

Muon and electron production in association with prompt muons has been studied in a 200-GeV/c ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-Be interaction at Fermilab. The prompt dimuon cross section was found to be 3.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}b per nucleon. The cross section for muon-electron production was found to be 0.12 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.04 \ensuremath{\mu}b. The relative yields of prompt muons at low ${x}_{\mathrm{F}}$ and moderate ${p}_{t}$ from charm and electromagnetic sources are also reported.

We present a measurement of the cross section for $Z$ production times the branching fraction to $\tau$ leptons, $\sigma \cdot$Br$(Z\to \tau^+ \tau^-)$, in $p \bar p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$1.96 TeV in the channel in which one $\tau$ decays into $\mu \nu_{\mu} \nu_{\tau}$, and the other into $\rm {hadrons} + \nu_{\tau}$ or $e \nu_e \nu_{\tau}$. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 226 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the D{\O}detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The final sample contains 2008 candidate events with an estimated background of 55%. From this we obtain $\sigma \cdot$Br$(Z \to \tau^+ \tau^-)=237 \pm 15$(stat)$\pm 18$(sys)$ \pm 15$(lum) pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction.

We present new results on the lifetimes and widths of $B$ hadrons based on 300-450 pb$^{-1}$ of data collected by CDF and DØat the Fermilab Tevatron. Lifetimes were measured in semileptonic decays as well as fully reconstructed hadronic modes. A new measurement of the width difference between $B_s$ CP eigenstates, $ΔΓ/ \barΓ $, in $B_s$ decays to $J/ψϕ$ is also presented.

Sensors fabricated from high resistivity, float zone, silicon material have been the basis of vertex detectors and trackers for the last 30 years. The areas of these devices have increased from a few square cm to $\> 200\ m^2$ for the existing CMS tracker. High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), CMS and ATLAS tracker upgrades will each require more than $200\ m^2$ of silicon and the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) will require more than $600\ m^2$. The cost and complexity of assembly of these devices is related to the area of each module, which in turn is set by the size of the silicon sensors. In addition to large area, the devices must be radiation hard, which requires the use of sensors thinned to 200 microns or less. The combination of wafer thinning and large wafer diameter is a significant technical challenge, and is the subject of this work. We describe work on development of thin sensors on $200 mm$ wafers using wafer bonding technology. Results of development runs with float zone, Silicon-on-Insulator and Silicon-Silicon bonded wafer technologies are reported.

Results from a search for new particles decaying to dijets in fi = 1.8 TeV pp collisions using the DO 1992-93 and 1994-95 data samples (104 pb-1) are presented. We exclude at the 95% confidence level the production of excited quarks with masses below 725 GeV/ c2, an additional standard model W boson with masses between 340 and 680 GeV/ c2 and an additional standard model 2 boson with masses between 365 and 615 GeV/c2. *Submitted to the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, August 19 26, 1997, Jerusalem, Israel.

We discuss prospects for future B physics studies at the Tevatron. Plans for Tevatron improvements are outined. The basic features of beauty production at collider energies are discussed in the context ofCP violation measurements. Physics prospects for the upgrades of CDF and D0 as well as possible future dedicated B collider detectors are examined.

The status of charm and beauty physics studies at Fermilab is reviewed. Data from fixed target experiments on charm production, semi-leptonic decay, and Cabibbo suppressed decays as well as charmonium studies in antiproton annihilation are described. In addition beauty results from CDF and E653 are reviewed and prospects for studies of B physics at collider detectors are discussed.

A lead-liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeter has been constructed for Fermilab experiment E-653. The design, operation, energy and spatial resolution, and analysis are described. A description of a unique read-out geometry which gives the detector powerful pattern recognition capability is also given.