R. Lander

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross-section per nucleon of 2×10−46cm2, equivalent to ∼1event/100kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have <1 background events characterized as possible WIMPs in the FV in 300 days of running. This paper describes the design and construction of the LUX detector.

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pure urothelial bladder cancer provides a significant survival benefit. However, to the authors' knowledge, it is unknown whether this benefit persists in histological variants. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the probability of non‐organ‐confined disease and overall survival after radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with histological variants. METHODS Querying the National Cancer Data Base, the authors identified 2018 patients with histological variants who were undergoing RC for bladder cancer between 2003 and 2012. Variants were categorized as micropapillary or sarcomatoid differentiation, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and other histology. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of non‐organ‐confined disease at the time of RC for each histological variant, stratified by the receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cox regression models were used to examine the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on overall mortality in each variant subgroup. RESULTS Patients with neuroendocrine tumors (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.08‐0.32 [ P &lt;.001]), micropapillary differentiation (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10‐0.95 [ P= .041]), sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.94 [ P= .035]), and adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.91 [ P= .035]) were less likely to harbor non‐organ‐confined disease at the time of RC when treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. An overall survival benefit for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was only found in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.74 [ P= .001]). CONCLUSIONS Patients with neuroendocrine tumors benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as evidenced by better overall survival and lower rates of non‐organ‐confined disease at the time of RC. For tumors with micropapillary differentiation, sarcomatoid differentiation, or adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased the frequency of non‐organ‐confined disease at the time of RC. However, this favorable effect did not translate into a statistically significant overall survival benefit for these patients, potentially due to the aggressive tumor biology. Cancer 2017;123:4346‐55 . © 2017 American Cancer Society .

Received 6 September 1963DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.381©1963 American Physical Society

About 500 antiprotons in a partially purified antiproton beam have been observed to enter the 30-in. propane bubble chamber. An arrangement of counters identified the antiproton events, thus reducing scanning to a minimum and also providing a sample of antiprotons free of scanning bias. The antiprotons entered the propane at a kinetic energy of 220 Mev and were brought to rest. Scattering and annihilation interactions in both hydrogen and carbon have been observed as a function of antiproton energy. Differential scattering cross sections have been obtained, and the following total cross sections have been measured for antiproton kinetic energies, $T$, in the ranges 75 to 137.5 Mev and 137.5 to 200 Mev: The above results show satisfactory agreement with the Ball-Chew theory where comparison can be made.The details of the annihilation process in hydrogen and carbon have been observed. One feature of the experiment is that, in contrast to previous studies of annihilation products, we are able to make a direct observation of the neutral pions through pair production by ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ decay photons. The significant results for carbon and hydrogen annihilations at an average antiproton kinetic energy \ensuremath{\cong}100 Mev are: In addition to the above-listed annihilation products, the carbon stars contained nucleons that carried off more than 188 Mev per star. When pion absorption is considered, the carbon result of 4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 pions per annihilation is consistent with the observed hydrogen multiplicity of 4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 pions. Pion energy spectra and frequency distributions, as well as other details, have been obtained.Seventeen strange particles have been identified among the products of all the annihilations. This indicates that the production of a pair of $K$ mesons occurs in (4.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)% of all annihilations. The average total energy per $K$ pair is greater than 1200 Mev.The charge-exchange process $\overline{p}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{n}+n$ has been observed and, based on six possible events, we obtain the result $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ge}630$ g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for the mean free path in propane ($50\ensuremath{\le}{T}_{\overline{p}}\ensuremath{\le}150$ Mev).

We present results on calibration runs performed with pions at the CERN SPS for different modules of the H 1 liquid argon calorimeter which consists of an electromagnetic section with lead absorbers and a hadronic section with steel absorbers. The data cover an energy range from 3.7 to 205 GeV. Detailed comparisons of the data and simulation with GHEISHA 8 in the framework of GEANT 3.14 are presented. The measured pion induced shower profiles are well described by the simulation. The total signal of pions on an energy scale determined from electron measurements is reproduced to better than 3% in various module configurations. After application of weighting functions, determined from Monte Carlo data and needed to achieve compensation, the reconstructed measured energies agree with simulation to about 3%. The energies of hadronic showers are reconstructed with a resolution of about 50%√E ⨸ 2%. This result is achieved by inclusion of signals from an iron streamer tube tail catcher behind the liquid argon stacks.

Received 23 January 1964DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.254©1964 American Physical Society

We present the general properties of multihadron final states produced by ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation at center-of-mass energies from 52 to 57 GeV in the AMY detector at the KEK collider TRISTAN. Global shape, inclusive charged-particle, and particle-flow distributions are presented. Our measurements are compared with QCD+fragmentation models that use either leading-logarithmic parton-shower evolution or QCD matrix elements at the parton level, and either string or cluster fragmentation for hadronization.

We report, with good statistics, the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ momentum distributions from the reaction ${K}^{+}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+$ anything at 11.8 $\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$. We compare the shape of the distribution in longitudinal momentum of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ with that of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons produced in the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+$ anything at 25 $\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+$ anything at 18.5 $\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ in terms of the scaling variable $x=\frac{2{p}_{L}}{\sqrt{s}}$. The backward distributions are found to be independent of the nature of the projectile. The forward distributions are different in shape from the backward, but are remarkably similar for ${K}^{+}p$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p$ interactions. The distribution in longitudinal momentum in the center-of-mass system is not independent of the value of the transverse momentum.

We present results of an experimental study of e+e−+ hadrons in the kinematic regime for which the process is interpreted as hadron production in collisions of almost-real photons. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.5 pb− and covers center-of-mass energies from 55 to 61.4 GeV. We observe more events than expected from the incoherent sum of quark-parton and vector-meson-dominance models, and we give a quantitative explanation of the excess by including the hard scattering of the hadronic constituents of the photons calculated with QCD.

We report a study of the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{{N}_{33}}^{*++}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ at 3.54 BeV/c. We find very good agreement between the angular correlations observed in the decay of the ${{N}_{33}}^{*}$ and the predictions by Stodolsky and Sakurai based on a single-$\ensuremath{\rho}$-exchange model. The reaction ${K}^{+}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{{N}_{33}}^{*++}+{K}^{0}$ has been found to display similar angular correlations, in agreement with the single-$\ensuremath{\rho}$-exchange mechanism. But we want to point out that the measured cross sections of both reactions decrease rapidly with increasing incident momentum, in contradiction with the results derived from a simple-$\ensuremath{\rho}$-exchange model as used, for example, by Jackson and Pilkuhn.

Observation of antiproton--proton collisions in a propane bubble chamber at an average energy of 120 Mev has been accomplished. The ratio of antiprotons to other particles in the beam has been increased by utilizing the differential rate of momentum loss in absorbers between antiprotons and other particles. The angular distribution of 33 p-p scattering events between 15 and 165 deg c.m. is presented. (W.D.M.)

The structure function Fγ2 for a quasireal photon has been measured in the reaction ee→eeX for Q2 in the range 0.2<Q2<7 GeV2, by use of 9200 multihadron events obtained with the TPC/Two-Gamma detector at the SLAC storage ring PEP. The data have been corrected for detector effects by a regularized unfolding procedure and are presented as Fγ2(x,Q2). The structure function shows scaling in the region 0.3<Q2<1.6 GeV2, x<0.3, and rises for higher Q2 and x>0.1. Below Q2=0.3 GeV2, scaling breaks down in accordance with the finite cross-section bound for real photons.Received 3 September 1986DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.97©1987 American Physical Society

A new ${K}^{*}$ resonance which we denote ${K}_{N}(1760)$ is observed. Its mass is 1759 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 10 MeV and its width 60 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 20 MeV. We assign it to the natural---spin-parity series on the basis of 5---standard---deviation evidence for a $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay mode. Decays into ${K}^{*}(890)\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $K\ensuremath{\rho}$ with the same mass and width are observed with 4---standard---deviation significance. It is suggested that this state is the analog of the $g$ meson. In addition, we see evidence for further high-mass structure.

The study of K+p reactions at an incident momentum of 4.97 GeV/c suggests that the wide enhancement in the (Kππ)+ mass spectrum may be split into several resonant states. In particular, examination of the K∗(892)π decay mode indicates the existence of the states K∗(1230), K∗(1280) and K∗(1320), in addition to the well known K∗(1420). The K∗(1230) and K∗(1320) have the properties expected from 1+ states produced by 0+ exchange.

Using a wire-spark-chamber deuteron spectrometer, we have measured the missing-mass (MM) spectrum up to \ensuremath{\sim} 1.5 GeV in the reaction $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d+\mathrm{MM}$ for deutrons produced at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the laboratory and incident momenta of 3.8, 4.5, and 6.3 $\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$. Production cross sections for $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ are reported. Evidence of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{N}(980)$ production with mass 975 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 6 MeV and width ${60}_{\ensuremath{-}10}^{+16}$ MeV is presented. No other statistically significant enhancements were found.

We present cross section measurements for inclusive jet production in almost-real photon-photon interactions at TRISTAN using the AMY detector. The results are compared with leading-order QCD calculations for different parameterizations of the parton density in the photon.

The photon structure function F2 has been measured at average Q2 values of 73,160 and 390 (GeVc)2. We compare the x dependence of the Q2 = 73 (GeVc)2 data with theoretical expectations based on QCD. In addition we present results on the Q2 evolution of the structure function for the intermediate x range (0.3⩽ x ⩽0.8). The results are consistent with QCD.

A hybrid apparatus consisting of a movable emulsion target and a magnetic spectrometer was used in a fixed target Fermilab Tevatron experiment to study the production of heavy quarks by high-energy hadron beams. High-resolution silicon microstrip detectors were used for precise tracking in the dense particle environment. Details of the experimental apparatus, including the data acquisition system, are described.

Inclusive ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${K}^{0}$ production from $11.8\ensuremath{-}\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ ${K}^{+}p$ is isotropic in the center-of-mass system and obeys a Bose-Einstein distribution over a limited energy range. The values of the parameter $\mathrm{kT}$ are observed to be consistent with the pion mass.

The longitudinal momentum distribution of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ meson from the reaction ${K}^{+}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+$ anything at 11.8 $\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ is examined in various reference frames. A forward-backward symmetry is found in that frame corresponding to a simple quark model. The frame of symmetry is dependent on the charged-particle multiplicity, however, which reduces the appeal of that model in explaining the present data.

This paper presents the angle and momentum distributions for protons stripped from deuterons at 3.54 GeV/c by aluminum, copper, and lead. The parameters of interest are summarized in the table. Roughly, the results are consistent with a cross section about \textonehalf{} geometric (where $r=1.22{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm) and a momentum distribution obtained by transforming the deuteron internal-momentum distribution to the laboratory frame. The results are: ${d}^{+}$ momentum, 3.54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.100 GeV/c; ${p}^{+}$ momentum, 1.77\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.100 GeV/c; angle spread (full width at half-maximum) 3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}; ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{Al})$, 290 mb\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25%; ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{Cu})$, 550 mb\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25%; ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{Pb})$, 950 mb\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25%.

Perilunate fracture dislocation (PLFD) injuries are associated with the development of acute carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The purpose of our study was to identify the factors that increase the likelihood of developing CTS in patients with PLFD. Additionally, we attempted to classify patients who did not initially undergo carpal tunnel release (CTR) at the time of injury but eventually underwent CTR within the follow-up period.Patients presenting to a level-1 trauma center with isolated PLFDs (Mayfield III-IV) were retrospectively identified by using CPT and ICD-10 codes. Polytraumatized patients, those with a history of previous wrist trauma, or those with previous carpal tunnel symptoms or surgery were excluded. Outcomes of interest included the development of acute CTS, pre- and post-reduction changes in CTS symptoms, and associated hand and wrist fractures. Chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the predictors of developing CTS after a PLFD.In total, 43 patients were included in the final cohort, with a mean age of 44 years, of which 77% were men. The most common fracture of the carpus included scaphoid fractures (9/43, 21%). The average time from presentation to reduction was 636 minutes. Acute CTS symptoms before reduction were present in 26% of the patients and increased post-reduction to 28%. No difference exists between the time to sedation and the presence of acute carpal tunnel symptoms (P >.05). During initial surgical intervention, 79% underwent CTR (27/34). Of the seven patients who did not initially undergo a CTR, 57% (4/7) required a CTR within the follow-up period.Reduction of PLFDs did not significantly improve the number of patients with acute CTS. More than 50% of the patients who did not undergo a CTR at the initial surgery required a CTR within the follow-up period.Prognostic III.

The photon structure function F2γ has been measured at average Q2 values of 73 and 390 GeV2 using data collected by the AMY detector at the TRISTAN e+e− collider. F2γ is observed to be increasing as ln Q2. The x-dependence of F2γ, where x is the momentum fraction carried by the parton inside the photon, is also measured. The measurements are compared with several parton density models.

Measurements of the differential cross sections for e+e−→μ+μ− and e+e−→τ+τ− at values of s from 52 to 57 GeV are reported. The forward-backward asymmetries and the total cross sections for these reactions are found to be in agreement with predictions of the standard model of the electro-weak interactions. These measurements are used to extract values of the weak coupling constant gvegvl and gAegAl, where l = μ or τ.

An analysis of the production of muon pairs in γγ collisions is presented. The leptonic structure functions of the photon, F2 and 2xF1, are extracted for Q2 < 1.7 GeV2. Their x dependences agree well with QED predictions. Corrections are required to eliminate radiative effects in the 2xF1 data.

Mechanisms for meson ( omega ) production in the reaction iscussed. Experimental angular, mass, and momentum transfer distributions for the reaction are illustrated. (C.E.S.)

Abstract Background Morbidity and mortality (M&amp;M) meetings contribute to surgical education and improvements in patient care through the review of surgical outcomes; however, they often lack defined structure, objectives and resource support. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that impact the effective conduct of M&amp;M meetings. Methods We conducted a rapid systematic literature review. Three biomedical databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination), clinical practice guideline clearinghouses and grey literature sources were searched from May 2009 to September 2016. Studies that evaluated the function of a hospital‐based M&amp;M process were included. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. Study details and key findings were reported narratively. Results Nineteen studies identified enablers, and seven identified barriers, to the effective conduct of M&amp;M meetings. Enabling factors for effective M&amp;M meetings included a structured meeting format, a structured case identification and presentation, and a systems focus. Absence of key personnel from meetings, lack of education regarding the meeting process, poor perceptions of the process, logistical issues and heterogeneity in case evaluation were identified as barriers to effective M&amp;M meetings. Conclusion Taking steps to standardize and incorporate the enabling factors into M&amp;M meetings will ensure that the valuable time spent reviewing M&amp;M is used effectively to improve patient care.

The book evaluates the impact of changes in educational policy upon the processes and outcomes of education using a sample of nations as case studies. It describes policy changes, analyses their causes and discusses their effects, and will inform educational policies for the late 1990s.

Charged-pion rapidity correlations are compared and found to have a similar peaked structure when studied inclusively. However, when the same data are studied semi-inclusively no correlation is found for like-charged pions and for unlike-charged pions in the central region. Inclusive correlations in these cases appear then from the convolution of the uncorrelated spectra at each multiplicity and the multiplicity distribution. Correlation in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is observed at small $\ensuremath{\Delta}y$ only for $y$ large.

The Silicon Detector proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) requires electronic read-out that can be tightly coupled to the silicon detectors envisioned for the tracker and the electromagnetic calorimeter. The KPiX is a 1024-channel read-out chip that bump-bonds to the detector and communicates through a few digital signals, power, and detector bias. The KPiX front-end is a low-noise dual-range charge-amplifier with a dynamic range of 17 bit, achieved by autonomous switching of the feedback capacitor. The device takes advantage of the ILC duty cycle of 1 ms trains at 5 Hz rate by lowering the supply current after the data acquisition cycle for an average power consumption of ≪20 μW/channel. During the 1 ms train, up to four events exceeding a programmable threshold can be stored, the amplitude as a voltage on a capacitor for subsequent digitization, the event time in digital format. The chip can be configured for other than ILC applications.

KPiX is a 1,024 channel “System on a Chip” intended for bump bonding to large area Si sensors, enabling low multiple scattering Si strip tracking and high density Particle Flow calorimetry for SiD at the International Linear Collider (ILC). It may be used for hadronic calorimetry readout with RPC's or GEM's, and with a scintillator-based muon system using SiPM's. An electromagnetic calorimeter prototype will be beam-tested in early 2013.

We measure an inclusive branching fraction of (13.9 ± 2.0+1.9−2.2)% for the decay τ−→ντπ−π0+nh0(n>~1), where h0 is a π0 or an η. The data sample, obtained with the time-projection-chamber detector facility at the SLAC e+e− storage ring PEP, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 72 pb−1 at 29 GeV center-of-mass energy. The measured branching fraction is somewhat greater than the theoretical prediction and, with errors taken into account, could resolve the present difference between the inclusive and the sum of the exclusive τ± branching fractions into one charged prong.Received 1 July 1986DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1836©1986 American Physical Society

We have studied dibaryon resonance production in the reaction $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+X$ at 12.5 BeV. The deuteron-production cross section was found to be 3.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 \ensuremath{\mu}b/sr in the c.m. system. A limit on other $X$ production was set at \ensuremath{\le}1.5 \ensuremath{\mu}b/sr in the c.m. system.

Searches for the pair production of the supersymmetric partner particles of leptons, quarks, and non-minimal Higgs have been made in e +e − annihilations at center-of-mass energies between 50 and 60.8 GeV using the AMY detector at TRISTAN. No evidence for their existence is observed and 95% CL mass limits are presented.

By studying ${e}^{+}$${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ annihilations in the center-of-mass energy range between 50 and 60.8 GeV, we have established a 95%-confidence-level lower limit on the mass of a fourth-generation charge -(1/3 quark b' of 27.2 GeV. In contrast with all previous searches, this limit has been obtained through consideration of the decay processes b'\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\ensuremath{\gamma} and b'\ensuremath{\rightarrow}bg aswell as b'\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{cW}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$. For the cases where any one of the three decay modes dominates, we obtain higher mass limits.

We observe a splitting in the ${K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mass spectrum in ${K}^{+}d$ interactions at $9 \frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$. We find a mass of $1243\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8 \frac{\mathrm{MeV}}{{c}^{2}}$ and a width of ${70}_{\ensuremath{-}18}^{+26}$ for the lower mass state, and a mass of 1344 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 8 and a width of less than $60 \frac{\mathrm{MeV}}{{c}^{2}}$ for the higher mass state. The isospin of both states is determined to be \textonehalf{}. The results can be interpreted as evidence for the mixing of two ${J}^{P}={1}^{+} {K}^{*}$ states.

K+p interactions at an incident momentum of 4.97 GeV/c show evidence for a new Kππ resonant state K∗(1660), at a mass of (1660 ± 10) MeV, full width (60 ± 20) MeV. Decays into K∗(1420)π and K∗(892)π are found. In addition there is an indication of a Kπ decay mode.

Hugh Clapperton (1788–1827) was a former naval officer who was determined to explore the course of the River Niger. In 1822 he set out on an expedition to trace the river by approaching it through North Africa, though this proved unsuccessful. Three years later, Clapperton tried again, with plans to start in West Africa, and the young explorer Richard Lander (1804–1834) joined his party. They arrived in Badagry (in present-day Nigeria) and eventually crossed the Niger at Bussa, before reaching Sokoto (in north-west Nigeria), where Clapperton died from an attack of dysentery. Lander returned to England and published this two-volume account of the journey in 1830. Volume 1 recounts the voyage out, travel inland through Africa, and arrival at the river, while describing the people encountered in a part of Africa that was barely known to Europeans during this period.

Curves are given for the angular distribution of light scattered from drops of radius 1.4×10−3 cm and 4.8×10−4 cm for angles from 28° to 147°. The distribution is more nearly symmetrical than had been speculated and depends strongly on the drop size. The intensity of the scattered light was measured with a phototube circuit and galvanometer. The drops were produced in a downward diffusion chamber.

The photon structure function F2γ has been measured at an average Q2 value of 6.8 GeV2 using data collected by the AMY detector at the TRISTAN e+e− collider. The measured F2γ is compared with several QCD-based parton density models.

We have implemented triggers for hadronically decaying tau leptons within a framework of the CDF Run 2 trigger system. We describe the triggers, along with their physics motivations, and report on their initial performance.

Abstract A new silicon microstrip detector was designed by the CDF collaboration for the proposed high-luminosity operation of the Tevatron p p ¯ collider (Run IIb). The detector is radiation-tolerant and will still be functional after exposure to particle fluences of 10 14 1 - MeV equivalent neutrons / cm 2 and radiation doses of 20 MRad. The detector will maintain or exceed the performance of the current CDF silicon detector throughout Run IIb. It is based on an innovative silicon “supermodule” design. Critical detector components like the custom radiation-hard SVX4 readout chip, the beryllia hybrids and mini-port (repeater) cards, and the silicon sensors fulfill their specifications and were produced with high yields. The design goals and solutions of the CDF Run IIb silicon detector are described, and the performance of preproduction modules is presented in detail. Results relevant for the development of future silicon systems are emphasized.

We have measured the branching ratios for several \ensuremath{\tau} decay modes. We use ${e}^{+}$${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ events accumulated with the TPC/Two-Gamma facility at the SLAC ${e}^{+}$${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ storage ring PEP. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77 ${\mathrm{pb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of 29 GeV. The one- and three-charged-particle inclusive branching ratios of the \ensuremath{\tau} decay are measured to be ${B}_{1}$=(84.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)% and ${B}_{3}$=(15.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)%, where ${B}_{1}$+${B}_{3}$ is constrained to be 99.85%. The branching ratios of the two leptonic decay modes are B(${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ \ensuremath{\nu}${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{e}$${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$)=(18.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6)% and B(${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ \ensuremath{\nu}${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$)=(17.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4)%. If we then assume lepton universality, we obtain B(${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ \ensuremath{\nu}${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{e}$${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$)=(18.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9)% and B(${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ \ensuremath{\nu}${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$)=(17.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9)%. We measure the Cabibbo-allowed semihadronic decay mode B(${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$+neutral particles)=(47.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5)%, and the Cabibbo-suppressed \ensuremath{\tau} decay mode B(${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${K}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$+neutral particles)=(1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)%. By looking for associated photons, we find B(${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${K}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$+neutral particles) to be (1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)%. Using the channel K${\mathrm{*}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{K}}_{\mathit{S}}^{\mathit{O}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, we find B(${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${K}^{\mathrm{*}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$(892)+neutral particles)=(1.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9)%. The quoted errors are the combined statistical and systematic errors.

We report on a search for the pair production of leptoquarks and colored leptons in e+e− annihilations t center-of-mass energies from 50 to 60.8 GeV, using the AMY detector at TRISTAN. No evidence for such particles is found and 95% CL mass limits are given.

The energy dependence of the cross section for reactions ${K}^{+}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}(890)p$ and ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}(890)n$ is compared over a wide range of incident momenta and found to be identical. This excludes odd $C$-parity exchanges in addition to the dominant $\ensuremath{\pi}$ exchange. The conventional absorption model does not reproduce the rapid decrease of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{00}$ as a function of the four-momentum transfer. The Reggeized $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}{A}_{2}$ model of Dass and Froggatt reproduces the $t$ dependence of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{00}$ and $\mathrm{Re}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{10}$, but there is serious disagreement for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{1\ensuremath{-}1}$ which may indicate the need to include ${A}_{1}$ exchange. The asymmetry in the decay angular distribution is interpreted as $S\ensuremath{-}P$ wave interference.

Abstract We consider the possibility of using a solid-state radiation detector as a target in order that the recoil energy of the struck nucleus, as well as any charged nuclear fragments, may be measured. In this way, one can discriminate against those interactions leading to breakup of the nucleus (noncoherent) and can also measure the momentum transfer to the nucleus with considerably better precision than might otherwise be possible. As a first test of such a detector, we have observed the distribution in energy deposited in a 1-mm-thick lithium-drifted silicon detector when 730-MeV protons are scattered at small angles by nuclei in the detector. When the protons traverse the silicon without interacting, the characteristic Landau energy-loss distribution is observed. When the protons scatter at small angles, their energies and path lengths in the silicon are practically unchanged. The recoil silicon nucleus, however, deposits most of its kinetic energy, TSi. This energy is added to that from the proton, so the observed energy distribution in the silicon detector is shifted upwards by TSi when the proton scatters. We have observed this second peak at proton scattering angles of 4.3, 5.4 and 6.3 deg in the laboratory system and confirm the predicted energy shift. The potential applications of this technique are discussed.

The measurements yielded information on the antiproton-carbon scattering cross section for scattering; angles of 5 deg (lab) or more. A total of 70 antiprotoncarbon scattering events were seen in a total antiproton path length of 179 meters of liquid propane (density = 0.42 g/cm/sup 3/). The high ratio of the total antiproton cross section observed at higher energies on several elements also extends to the lower energies considered. (M.H.R.)

A study of e+e− annihilations into final states containing a single energetic photon with no accompanying particles is made at a center of mass energy of 57.8 GeV. The measured cross section is consistent with expectations from standard model processes and is used to set limits on the masses of the scalar electron and photino particles predicted by supersymmetry theories. If the photino is assumed to be massless, the 90% confidence level lower limit on the mass of the degenerate scalar electron is 65.5 GeV. If the results of all the single photon experiments are combined, this lower limit increases to 79.3 GeV.

We have analysed the Kπ spectrum (4 827 events) of the reaction K+n→K+π−p at 9 GeV/c and find evidence of a broad S-wave enhancement which may be interpreted as a resonance. For production of Kπ masses above 890 GeV/c2, we have assumed the dominance of pion exchange.

Measurements of open charm production in photon-photon collisions made with the AMY detector at TRISTAN are reported. Charmed hadrons were identified by detecting the high momentum muons or electrons from their semileptonic decays. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 275 pb−1 at an average center of mass energy of 58 GeV. Results are presented in the form of cross sections of inclusive leptons from charm for both muons and electrons. The measured cross section is 1.8 standard deviations higher than theoretical predictions based on the direct and photon-gluon fusion process, where the mass of charm quark is assumed to be 1.6 GeV.

Using e+e− annihilation events accumulated with the AMY detector at the TRISTAN collider, we have studied the Bose-Einstein correlations in the distributions of like-sign charged tracks. As reference samples we used the opposite-sign charged track pairs and mixed pairs, which are like-sign pairs synthesized from tracks belonging to different events. The results of the different reference samples give approximately 0.45 for the correlation strength and approximately 0.65 fm for the source size. Previous measurements of these parameters in e+e− annihilation at energies from CESR to LEP show remarkably flat dependence on s. Our results conform well with this picture.

CMS will use silicon pixel as its innermost tracking device. Prototypes of these 150μm square pixels bump bonded to DMILL readout chips were tested at CERN in a pion beam. A silicon telescope consisting of 8 planes of silicon strips was used to interpolate tracks to the position of the pixel detector. Data were taken with the beam at different angles of incidence relative to the pixel sensors. Position resolutions between 10 and 20μm, depending on the hit position, were observed using charge sharing for the final configuration with unirradiated detectors. The observed resolution was as expected.

The reaction ${K}^{+}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ + anything with the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ fast and forward is analyzed with a peripheral representation that allows one to extract the two-body exotic-exchange amplitude with high statistics that are otherwise hard to come by. By representing the inclusive spectrum in a Reggeized scaled form, we then predict the energy dependence of the two-body reactions ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}+{Y}^{*\ensuremath{-}}(1385)$ in good agreement with the experimentally measured data.

Fermilab plans to deliver 5–15 fb−1 of integrated luminosity to the CDF and D0 experiments. The current inner silicon detectors at CDF (SVXIIa and L00) will not tolerate the radiation dose associated with high-luminosity running and will need to be replaced. A new readout chip (SVX4) has been designed in radiation-hard 0.25 μm, CMOS technology. Single-sided sensors are arranged in a compact structure, called a stave, with integrated readout and cooling systems. This paper describes the general design of the Run IIb system, testing results of prototype electrical components (staves), and prototype silicon sensor performance before and after irradiation.

We present a study of the third moment of the inclusive momentum distribution of particles within jets produced by e+ e- annihilation at TRISTAN. In this analysis, the QCD coupling strength αs is determined by fits to the prediction of the Next-to-Leading Logarithm Parton-Shower model. The measured value of αs(57.9 GeV) = 0.134-0.005+0.006.

We have observed ${K}^{*}(1760)$ and ${K}^{*}(2100)$ production in a 10-event/\ensuremath{\mu}b ${K}^{+}d$ experiment at 9 GeV/c. The ${K}^{*}(1760)$ has a mass of 1769 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 12 MeV and a width of 132 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 50 MeV and the ${K}^{*}(2100)$ has a mass of 2115 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 46 MeV and a width of 300 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 200 MeV. Branching ratios for decay into various final states are presented and evidence for decay into two, three, and four scalar mesons is presented. The spin-parity of the ${K}^{*}(1760)$ is found to be ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The ${K}^{*}(2100)$ is compatible with a ${4}^{+}$ assignment.

With data corresponding to 142 pb−1 accumulated at s = 57.8 GeV by the AMY detector at TRISTAN we measure the cross section of the reactions e+e− → μ+μ− and e+e− → τ+τ− and the symmetry in the angular distributions. For the lowest order cross section we obtain σμμ = 27.54 ± 0.65 ± 0.95 pb and σττ = 28.27 ± 0.87 ± 0.69 pb, and for the forward-backward asymmetry, Aμμ = 0.303 ± 0.027 ± 0.008 and Aττ = −0.291 ± 0.040 ± 0.019. These measurements agree with the standard model. Assuming e−μ−τ univrsality we extract the vector and axial coupling constants | gν| = 0.00 ± 0.09 and |gA| = 0.476 ± 0.024. A fit of data to composite models places lower bounds (95% confidence level) on the compositeness scale of 2–4 TeV.

Several experiments have indicated a possible forward-backward asymmetry in the decay of /sub 2/ at 1880 /sup o/ hyperon. A recent exposure of the UCRL 30-inch propane bubble chamber to a 1.15-Bev/c separated K/sup -/ beam offers the opportunity to explore the question further. Several thousand K/sup -/ interactions were photographed. The initial resuits from a sample of 141 V/sup o/ decays are reported. (W.D.M.)

The Fellowship Examination is the final summative assessment before the Surgical Education and Training trainees are awarded Fellowship of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. Conducted in nine specialties, it is aligned with the curriculum of each specialty training programme. The Fellowship Examination focuses on specific surgical competencies; in particular, the clinical application of knowledge, operative decision making and professional judgement. As a true 'exit' examination, it has to be conducted at the correct cognitive level for surgeons about to enter practice without direct supervision. This requires examiners to have specific skills and expertise for which training is required. This paper outlines the process of training undertaken by newly appointed examiners, and describes some of the areas of knowledge that they have to master before examining at the consistently high level that is now expected.

The innermost layer (L00) of the Run IIa silicon detector of CDF was planned to be replaced for the high luminosity Tevatron upgrade of Run IIb. This new silicon layer (L0) is designed to be a radiation tolerant replacement for the otherwise very similar L00 from Run IIa. The data are read out via long, fine-pitch, low-mass cables allowing the hybrids with the chips to sit at higher z(/spl sim/70 cm), outside of the tracking volume. The design and first results from the prototyping phase are presented. Special focus is placed on the amount and the structure of induced noise as well as signal-to-noise values.

We describe the characteristics of silicon microstrip sensors fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics for the CDF Run 2b silicon detector. A total of 953 sensors, including 117 prototype sensors, have been produced and tested. Five sensors were irradiated with neutrons up to 1.4 /spl times/10/sup 14/ n/cm/sup 2/ as a part of the sensor quality assurance program. The electrical and mechanical characteristics are found to be superior in all aspects and fulfill our specifications. We comment on charge-up susceptibility of the sensors that employ a <100> crystal structure.

With a detailed computation, we show that the collisions of pions and deuterons occur quite often when the two nucleons are separated enough that they cannot interfere in the production of A1,A2 resonances. This strengthens the conclusion that the isospin of A1, A2 is one.

You have accessJournal of UrologyBladder Cancer: Invasive II1 Apr 2017MP34-11 NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY PRIOR TO RADICAL CYSTECTOMY FOR MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER WITH VARIANT HISTOLOGY Malte W. Vetterlein, Stephanie Mullane, Thomas Seisen, Richard Lander, Björn Löppenberg, Toni K. Choueiri, Joaquim Bellmunt, Mani Menon, Adam S. Kibel, Quoc-Dien Trinh, and Mark A. Preston Malte W. VetterleinMalte W. Vetterlein More articles by this author , Stephanie MullaneStephanie Mullane More articles by this author , Thomas SeisenThomas Seisen More articles by this author , Richard LanderRichard Lander More articles by this author , Björn LöppenbergBjörn Löppenberg More articles by this author , Toni K. ChoueiriToni K. Choueiri More articles by this author , Joaquim BellmuntJoaquim Bellmunt More articles by this author , Mani MenonMani Menon More articles by this author , Adam S. KibelAdam S. Kibel More articles by this author , Quoc-Dien TrinhQuoc-Dien Trinh More articles by this author , and Mark A. PrestonMark A. Preston More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.1028AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pure urothelial bladder cancer provides a significant survival benefit. However, it is unknown if this benefit persists in histological variants of bladder cancer. We aimed to assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) and upstaging at radical cystectomy in the five most common histological variants. METHODS Querying the National Cancer Data Base, we identified 1,555 patients with histological variants undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer between 2003-2011. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was defined as multiagent systemic therapy administered within 180 days prior to surgery. Histological variants were categorized as pure neuroendocrine tumors, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, or micropapillary and sarcomatoid differentiation. Cox regression models were used to examine the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on overall mortality in each variant subgroup. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of pathological upstaging at radical cystectomy for each histological variant, stratified by the receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, an OS benefit for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was only found in neuroendocrine tumors (hazard ratio [HR]=0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.45-0.90; P=0.012). Neuroendocrine tumors (odds ratio [OR]=0.38; 95% CI=0.22-0.67; P=0.001), along with micropapillary (OR=0.16; 95% CI=0.05-0.47; P=0.001) and sarcomatoid differentiated tumors (OR=0.34; 95% CI=0.14-0.87; P=0.025), were less likely to be upstaged at radical cystectomy when treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, no favorable pathological outcomes were seen in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs. radical cystectomy alone (all P>0.08). Specifically, patients with squamous cell carcinoma even trended towards worse pathology (i.e. upstaging) at RC if they received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR=1.81; 95% CI=[0.93-3.52]; P=0.081) compared to patients undergoing RC alone. CONCLUSIONS Patients with neuroendocrine tumors benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as evidenced by better OS and lower rates of pathological upstaging at radical cystectomy. In micropapillary and sarcomatoid differentiated tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased pathological upstaging at cystectomy. However, this favorable effect did not translate into a statistically significant OS benefit for these patients, potentially due to the aggressive tumor biology. © 2017FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 4SApril 2017Page: e431 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017MetricsAuthor Information Malte W. Vetterlein More articles by this author Stephanie Mullane More articles by this author Thomas Seisen More articles by this author Richard Lander More articles by this author Björn Löppenberg More articles by this author Toni K. Choueiri More articles by this author Joaquim Bellmunt More articles by this author Mani Menon More articles by this author Adam S. Kibel More articles by this author Quoc-Dien Trinh More articles by this author Mark A. Preston More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

The various generations of Silicon Vertex Detectors (SVX, SVX', SVXII) for Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) at the Fermilab Tevatron have been fundamental tools for heavy-flavor tagging via secondary vertex detection. The CDF Run IIb Silicon Vertex Detector (SVXIIb) has been designed to be a radiation-tolerant replacement for the currently installed SVXII because SVXII was not expected to survive the Tevatron luminosity anticipated for Run IIb. One major change in the new design is the use of a single mechanical and electrical element throughout the array. This element, called a stave, carries six single-sided silicon sensors on each side and is built using carbon fiber skins with a high thermal conductivity on a foam core with a built-in cooling channel. A Kapton bus cable carries power, data and control signals underneath the silicon sensors on each side of the stave. Sensors are read out in pairs via a ceramic hybrid glued on one of the sensors and equipped with four SVX4 readout chips. This new design concept leads to a very compact mechanical and electrical unit, allowing streamlined production and ease of testing and installation. A description of the design and mechanical performance of the stave is given. Results on the electrical performance obtained using prototype staves are also presented.

The American Academy of Pediatrics provides this revised policy statement to address health care changes that impact procedural and visit coding and valuation as well as the incorporation of coding principles into innovative, newer payment models. This policy statement focuses solely on recommendations, and an accompanying technical report provides supplemental coding and valuation background.

Author(s): Malling, DC; Chapman, JJ; Faham, CH; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Pangilinan, M; Verbus, JR; Akerib, DS; Bradley, A; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Clark, K; Coffey, T; Dragowsky, M; Gibson, KR; Lee, C; Phelps, P; Shutt, T; Araujo, HM; Currie, A; Sumner, TJ; Bai, X; Hanhardt, M; Bedikian, S; Bernard, E; Cahn, SB; Kastens, L; Larsen, N; Lyashenko, A; McKinsey, DN; Nikkel, JA; Bernstein, A; Carr, D; Dazeley, S; Kazkaz, K; Sorensen, P; Classen, T; Holbrook, B; Lander, R; Mock, J; Svoboda, R; Sweany, M; Szydagis, M; Thomson, J; Tripathi, M; Walsh, N; Woods, M; de Viveiros, L; Lindote, A; Lopes, MI; Neves, F; Silva, C; Solovov, V; Druszkiewicz, E; Skulski, W; Wolfs, FLH; Hall, C; Leonard, D; Ihm, M; Jacobsen, RG; Lesko, K; Majewski, P; Mannino, R; Stiegler, T; Webb, R; White, JT; Mei, DM; Spaans, J; Zhang, C; Morii, M; Wlasenko, M; Murphy, ASJ; Reichhart, L; Nelson, H | Abstract: © Proceedings of the 2011 Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society, DPF 2011. All rights reserved. The LZ program consists of two stages of direct dark matter searches using liquid Xe detectors. The first stage will be a 1.5-3 tonne detector, while the last stage will be a 20 tonne detector. Both devices will benefit tremendously from research and development performed for the LUX experiment, a 350 kg liquid Xe dark matter detector currently operating at the Sanford Underground Laboratory. In particular, the technology used for cryogenics and electrical feedthroughs, circulation and purification, low-background materials and shielding techniques, electronics, calibrations, and automated control and recovery systems are all directly scalable from LUX to the LZ detectors. Extensive searches for potential background sources have been performed, with an emphasis on previously undiscovered background sources that may have a significant impact on tonne-scale detectors. The LZ detectors will probe spin-independent interaction cross sections as low as 5 × 10-49 cm2 for 100 GeV WIMPs, which represents the ultimate limit for dark matter detection with liquid xenon technology.

Using 773 muons found in hadronic events from 142 ${\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data at a c.m. energy of 57.8 GeV, we extract the cross section and forward-backward charge asymmetry for the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ process, and the heavy quark fragmentation function parameters for the Peterson model. For the analysis of the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ process, we use a method in which the behavior of the $c$ quark and lighter quarks is assumed, with only that of the $b$ quark left indeterminate. The cross section and asymmetry for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ are found to be ${R}_{b} = 0.57 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.06(\mathrm{stat}) \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.08(\mathrm{syst})$ and ${A}_{b} = \ensuremath{-}0.59 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.09 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.09$, respectively. They are consistent with the standard model predictions. For the study of the fragmentation function we use the variable $〈{x}_{E}〉$, the fraction of the beam energy carried by the heavy hadrons. We obtain ${〈{x}_{E}〉}_{c}={0.56}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05\ensuremath{-}0.03}^{+0.04+0.03}$ and ${〈{x}_{E}〉}_{b}={0.65}_{\ensuremath{-}0.04\ensuremath{-}0.06}^{+0.06+0.05}$, respectively. These are in good agreement with previously measured values.

In a study of K+p interactions at 5 GeV/c, evidence is found for production of a baryon resonance with S = 0, I = 12, mass 1575 ± 19 MeV, width 128 ± 20 MeV. The observed decay branching ratio makes it plausible to identify this baryon with the S11 resonance found previously at 1570 MeV in the phase shift analysis of πp scattering.

This experiment was designed to demonstrate the recently predicted particle-mixture property of the neutral $K$ meson. The prediction asserts that the neutral $K$ meson contains a short-lived component, ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{1}}^{0}$, and a longer-lived component, ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{2}}^{0}$. The ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{2}}^{0}$ should have the property that it regenerates the short-lived component and also produces hyperons upon traversing matter. Under proper conditions the observation of such mesons or hypersons demonstrates the predicted mixture property. The neutral $K$ mesons in this experiment were produced by $1.25\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{BeV}/\mathrm{c}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons striking a 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}12-inch aluminum target. Neutral particles emitted from the aluminum at an angle of 5 deg with respect to the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ beam traveled 9.3 ft to a propane bubble chamber operated in a 12-kilogauss magnetic field. A sweeping magnet removed charged particles from this beam. ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{2}}^{0}$ mesons could interact in the walls of the chamber or in the liquid propane, yielding ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{1}}^{0}$-meson and ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$-hyperon decays in the sensitive region of the chamber. Twenty thousand pictures, corresponding to about 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ pions incident on the aluminum, were scanned for ${V}^{0}$ events. About 14 ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ decays and about 12 ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{1}}^{0}$ decays were observed. Spurious sources of these decays have been estimated to be negligible.

Abstract A lithium drifted silicon solid state detector was used as a target for scattering 6 GeV/ c negative pions. This target was located within a few cm of an optical spark chamber; nevertheless, satisfactory pulse height information was obtained from the detector by gating out the electrical noise, which followed the detector signal by a few hundred nsec. It was demonstrated that a signal from the detector, biased to be greater than that of a single pion traversal in order to insure that an interaction had occurred, could be used to trigger the spark chamber and at the same time yield useful pulse height information.

The study of processes containing T leptons in the final state will play an important role at Tevatron Run II. Such final states will be relevant both for electroweak studies and measurements as well as in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The present paper discusses the physics opportunities and challenges related to the implementation of a new set of triggers able to select events containing tau candidates in the final state. We illustrate, in particular, the physics capabilities for a variety of new physics scenarios such as supersymmetry (SUSY), SUSY with Rp-parity violation, with Bilinear parity violation or models with the violation of lepton flavor. Finally, we present the first Run II results obtained using some of the described tau triggers.

Coding modifiers are often underused, misused, or submitted without supporting documentation. Here's how to end these costly mistakes.

We describe the construction procedures and performance of the AMY barrel electromagnetic shower counter used for an e+e− colliding beam experiment at TRISTAN.

We report on a study of the diffraction dissociation of the neutron from the reaction ${K}^{+}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p \mathrm{at} 9 \frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$. The data are compared with a double-Regge-pole-exchange model of Berger. Good agreement with our data is obtained for distributions in $M(p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, $M({K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, ${t}_{\mathrm{np}}$, the Toller angle, the Treiman-Yang angle, the proton production angle, and the Van Hove angle. The $p\ensuremath{\pi}$ mass dependence of ${t}_{\mathrm{KK}}$ is also well described.

We summarize recent R&amp;D progress for a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) with integrated electronics, designed to meet the ILC physics requirements.

Searches for the pair production of the supersymmetric partner particles of leptons, quarks, and non-minimal Higgs have been made in e +e − annihilations at center-of-mass energies between 50 and 60.8 GeV using the AMY detector at TRISTAN. No evidence for their existence is observed and 95% CL mass limits are presented.

We summarize discussions concerning the study of B-physics at the SSC. Different approaches are considered. The first one corresponds to the collider experiments detecting charged particles with pseudo-rapidity of {vert_bar}{eta}{vert_bar}{le} 2.4 whereas the second method considers the detection of B-mesons in the forward/backward directions. The utilization of external or gas-jet targets are also briefly discussed.

![][1] With the implementation of new Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to report services, now is the time to carefully review your payments and explanations of benefits to ensure you are paid appropriately. Several new CPT codes have been implemented effective Jan. 1 (see

![][1] Recent activities across the Academy have furthered benefits coverage and payment for fluoride treatment in children and adolescents. After sustained advocacy by the Academy and others, most state Medicaid plans now provide benefits coverage for oral health care, including

![][1] AAP members are encouraged to fill out the Hassle Factor Form at [bit.ly/1pAHb2UAAP][2] to report any coverage, administrative and claims processing problems they encounter with private payers. The information is used to assist the Academy, the Private Payer Advocacy Advisory

![][1] A key component of the Academy’s private payer advocacy is to identify and maintain contacts with national health insurance carriers. Recently, some of those contacts were used to resolve emerging issues affecting pediatricians and coverage for pediatric services as well as

![][1] The AAP Private Payer Advocacy Advisory Committee (PPAAC) is here to address issues pediatricians encounter with the private health insurance industry, but it needs input from members to succeed. AAP private payer advocacy is three-pronged, tackling issues at the national,

![][1] The AAP Private Payer Advocacy Advisory Committee (PPAAC) works on behalf of primary care pediatricians as well as surgical specialists and medical subspecialists to advocate with carriers for coverage and payment for pediatric services. PPAAC encourages AAP councils,

![][1] Maintaining a viable pediatric practice includes vigilantly monitoring your payments and following up with payers on any discrepancies. Practices should identify zero payments, partial pays and low pays and determine if they are a result of an incorrect payment or a denial.