Peter Hansen

A search for Z0 decays into pairs of possible new heavy quarks (t and b′), new heavy charged leptons (L±), stable heavy neutral leptons (νL) and unstable heavy neutral leptons (L0) is performed on data collected by the ALEPH detector corresponding to 11 550 events of Z0→hadrons. The limits on the masses of the heavy quarks are Mt > 45.8 GeV and Mb′ > 46.0 GeV, allowing for both charged-current and flavor-changing neutral-current decays of the b′. If an L± decays into a stable νL, then for MνL<42.7 GeV, the mass of L± is excluded for all values of ML± > MνL. Finally, while the mass of the stable νL is excluded up to 42.7 GeV, the mass of the unstable L0 is excluded up to 45.7 GeV with the mixing parameters |UℓL0|2 down to 10−13 at this mass. For 25.0 GeV < ML0 < 42.7 GeV, all values of |UℓL0|2 are excluded. All limits are given at 95% CL.

A search for the production and non-standard decay of a Higgs boson, h, into four taus through intermediate pseudoscalars, a, is conducted on 683 pb−1 of data collected by the ALEPH experiment at centre-of-mass energies from 183 to 209 GeV. No excess of events above background is observed, and exclusion limits are placed on the combined production cross section times branching ratio, $ {\xi^2} = \frac{{\sigma \left( {{\text{e}^{+} }{\text{e}^{-} } \to {\text{Zh}}} \right)}}{{{\sigma_{\text{SM}}}\left( {{\text{e}^{+} }{\text{e}^{-} } \to {\text{Zh}}} \right)}} \times B\left( {h \to {\text{aa}}} \right) \times B{\left( {{\text{a}} \to {\tau^{+} }{\tau^{-} }} \right)^2} $ . For m h < 107 GeV/c 2 and 4 < m a < 10 GeV/c 2, ξ 2 > 1 is excluded at the 95% confidence level.

Triple gauge-boson couplings γWW and ZWW involving single-photon, single-W and W-pair production are determined using data samples collected at LEP with the ALEPH detector at centre-of-mass energies between 183 and 209 GeV. The integrated luminosity used is 700 pb−1 for the single-photon measurement and 683 pb−1 for the W channels. Restricting the measurement to C- and P-conserving terms and applying local SU(2)L×U(1)Y gauge invariance, the measured values of the parameters g1Z, κγ and λγ are: g1Z=1.001±0.027(stat)±0.013(syst),κγ=0.971±0.055(stat)±0.030(syst),λγ=−0.012±0.027(stat)±0.011(syst) for single-parameter fits, where the two other parameters are fixed to their Standard Model values. Results are also presented for the cases where two or all three couplings are allowed to vary. An additional analysis using W-pair events is performed to measure the unconstrained real and imaginary parts of all 14 triple gauge-boson couplings and to perform an indirect search for a techni-ρ resonance. No deviations from the Standard Model expectations are observed and the lower limit on the techni-ρ mass is set to 600 GeV/c2 at 95% confidence level.

The ATLAS TRT barrel is a tracking drift chamber using 52,544 individual tubular drift tubes. It is one part of the ATLAS Inner Detector, which consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4 to 20 cm, the semiconductor tracker (SCT) from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker (TRT) from 56 to 108 cm. The TRT barrel covers the central pseudo-rapidity region |η|< 1, and the TRT while endcaps cover the forward and backward eta regions. These TRT systems provide a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes (or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the recently-completed construction of the TRT Barrel detector, including the quality control procedures used in the fabrication of the detector.

The ATLAS TRT end-cap is a tracking drift chamber using 245,760 individual tubular drift tubes. It is a part of the TRT tracker which consist of the barrel and two end-caps. The TRT end-caps cover the forward and backward pseudo-rapidity region 1.0 < |η| < 2.0, while the TRT barrel central η region |η| < 1.0. The TRT system provides a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes (or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. Along with other two sub-system, namely the Pixel detector and Semi Conductor Tracker (SCT), the TRT constitutes the ATLAS Inner Detector. This paper describes the recently completed and installed TRT end-cap detectors, their design, assembly, integration and the acceptance tests applied during the construction.

Abstract Balancing societal demands on forests is a major challenge in current forest management. Small‐scale private forest owners are an important ownership group that is rarely addressed directly in this discussion. Our study aims to identify and differentiate between private forest owner groups. Based on this, we take a systemic approach and determine leverage points that can be used to foster transformative change towards integrative conservation‐oriented forest management. We conducted a survey of 1656 small‐scale private forest owners in northwest Germany within a typical European multi‐ownership landscape and formed three clusters based on their activities. While all groups generally perceived nature conservation as important, they differed with regard to their forest management activities. Multiple‐use‐oriented forest owners (45%) were most active, including in terms of conservation measures. Conservation‐oriented owners (25%) mainly focused on passive measures, and conventional owners (30%) showed only a little engagement with conservation‐related activities. Despite the differences, common instruments promoting conservation activities were identified. They included, for example on‐site consultation, information about legal regulations and financial incentives. Based on four system characteristics (parameters, feedback, design and intent), we identified leverage points towards transformative change. The deep and thus effective leverage points are changing the discourse, accounting for the heterogeneity of private forest owners as well as for uncertainty related to climate change and adapting measures to local contexts. Furthermore, working towards increasing awareness, knowledge and interest as well as accounting for the desire for autonomy and control are promising pathways for change. A holistic transformation of forest policy and management towards integrative conservation is urgently needed to meet the current challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss and timber demand. This transformation has to go beyond the adaptation of existing policy instruments and instead focus on systematic and cross‐sectoral changes in the underlying policy orientation, its design and its implementation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Comparison between Socialist legality and law-based state 11.1

✓ A case is presented in which rebleeding from an intracranial saccular aneurysm occurred a few minutes after intravenous administration of mannitol during surgery. The relationship between the reducing effect of mannitol on elevated intracranial pressure and the increased pressure gradient across the aneurysm wall, causing risk of rebleeding, is discussed. Procedures that can reduce this risk are summarized.

Methods for structural characterization of particle films have been developed. Monodisperse silica particles with alkoxy chains grafted on the surface formed dense colloidal films at the air−liquid interface. The positions of the partly immersed particles were determined by light microscopy and image analysis. The average size of the ordered domains could be estimated from the pair distribution function. We were also able to determine the distribution of pores and defects in the colloidal film using Delaunay triangulation. The two methods were used to study the effect of interparticle bond strength on the film structure. We found that the size of the ordered domains decreased exponentially when the bond strength increased, while the pore density increased. The effect of drying on structural changes of the colloidal film was also discussed.

Orthokinetic aggregation of colloids trapped at the air–liquid interface was studied by direct imaging in a couette cell. This method allowed us to follow the temporal evolution of both the cluster-mass distribution and the cluster structure at a shear rate where Brownian aggregation is suppressed. The interactions between the monodisperse latex particles floating at the air–liquid interface were controlled either by varying the electrolyte concentration or by creating a bidisperse system through the addition of small particles. The results show that the clusters in all of the systems are characterized by a high fractal dimension, indicating that the clusters are rearranged and densified by the shear. Kinetic analysis suggests that aggregation of monodisperse systems mainly proceeds through homogeneous aggregation, i.e., large clusters sticking to other large clusters. The bidisperse system, finally, with a size ratio around 10, favored a more heterogeneous aggregation among small and large clusters throughout the aggregation process; a slightly lower fractal dimension was observed compared to the strongly aggregated monodisperse system.

Aggregation and cluster formation of a two-dimensional colloidal system consisting of 2-μm alkoxylated silica particles trapped at the air–toluene interface have been studied. This novel system allows particle interactions to be controlled by varying the length of the grafted alkyl chains; simple estimates suggest particle bond strengths of 15 and 30 kT for the octadecyl- and octyl-coated system, respectively. Video-enhanced microscopy and image analysis enabled a simultaneously study of kinetics and structure of the ensemble of clusters in situ. The octyl system displayed a DLCA-like structure, Df ≈ 1.45, whereas the octadecyl system resulted in a more dense structure, Df ≈ 1.55. The temporal evolution of the cluster-mass distribution displayed a transition point between regimes of slower and faster aggregation for both systems, which was interpreted as a transition from DLCA to convection-limited cluster aggregation (CLCA).

Two-particle correlations in pp, p¯p¯ and KS0KS0 pairs have been studied in hadronic Z decays recorded at LEP with the ALEPH detector. The correlations were measured as a function of the four-momentum difference Q of the pair. For pp, p¯p¯ pairs a depletion of events is observed in the region Q<3 GeV, and for KS0KS0 pairs an enhancement of events is observed in the region Q<0.5 GeV. These features are consistent with expectations from Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein statistics, respectively.

Aortic stenosis is the most common cardiac valve pathology worldwide and has a mortality rate of over 50% at 5 years if left untreated. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive and highly effective alternative treatment option to open-heart surgery. High-grade atrioventricular conduction block (HGAVB) is one of the most common complications after TAVI and requires a permanent pacemaker. Due to this, patients are typically monitored for 48 hours post TAVI, however up to 40% of HGAVB may delayed, and occur after discharge. Delayed HGAVB can cause syncope or sudden unexplained cardiac death in a vulnerable population, and no accurate methods currently exist to identify patients at risk.The prospective observational study on the accuracy of predictors of high-grade atrioventricular conduction block after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (CONDUCT-TAVI) trial is an Australian-led, multicentre, prospective observational study, aiming to improve the prediction of HGAVB, after TAVI. The primary objective of the trial is to assess whether published and novel invasive electrophysiology predictors performed immediately before and after TAVI can help predict HGAVB after TAVI. The secondary objective aims to further evaluate the accuracy of previously published predictors of HGAVB after TAVI, including CT measurements, 12-lead ECG, valve characteristics, percentage oversizing and implantation depth. Follow-up will be for 2 years, and detailed continuous heart rhythm monitoring will be obtained by inserting an implantable loop recorder in all participants.Ethics approval has been obtained for the two participating centres. Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.ACTRN12621001700820.

Abstract Small-scale private forests cover large areas in Europe and often contain structures and habitats of high nature conservation value that are increasingly put under pressure due to a rising interest in fuelwood and wood products. We investigate the distribution of variables like living tree and deadwood volumes, management intensity, diversity and density of tree-related microhabitats recorded in 81 small-scale private forest parcels in the Lower Saxon Hills (northwest Germany). We provide an assessment of the influence of predictors like the individual forest owners’ goals and activities, as stated by them in a quantitative survey, as well as landscape parameters like parcel size, slope, landscape fragmentation and forest continuity. Our results indicate that there are two types of structures of conservation value in small-scale private forests: slowly evolving structures (type A) like large-diameter living trees and tree-related microhabitats which mostly depend on landscape parameters that act on longer time scales, and fast evolving structures (type B) like deadwood that are influenced by both owner attitudes and landscape parameters. The resulting implications for integrative forest and conservation management are discussed. When considering the conservation of the slowly evolving type A structures, long-term commitments to conservation legislation, financial incentives and generation-spanning education of forest owners are necessary. Efforts to promote the faster evolving type B structures might prove particularly advantageous in small-scale private forests given the structural diversity of the stands, but also the often strong identification of owners with their land. Graphical abstract

The dataset about 81 small-scale private forest parcels contains the answer variables and predictors used in the publication "Owner attitudes and landscape parameters drive stand structure and valuable habitats in small-scale private forests of Lower Saxony (Germany)".

The dataset about 81 small-scale private forest parcels contains the answer variables and predictors used in the publication "Owner attitudes and landscape parameters drive stand structure and valuable habitats in small-scale private forests of Lower Saxony (Germany)".

Collision experiments at the Large Hadron Collider suffer from the problem of pile-up, which is the read-out of multiple simultaneous background proton-proton collisions per beam-crossing. We introduce a pile-up mitigation technique based on wavelet decomposition. Pile-up is treated as a form of white noise, which can be removed by filtering beam-crossing events in the wavelet domain. The particle-level performance of the method is evaluated using a sample of simulated proton-proton collision events that contain Z bosons decaying to a pair of neutrinos, overlaid with pile-up. In the wavelet representation, the pile-up noise level is found to grow with the square root of the number of background proton-proton collisions.

AUCEi was formed as an international society to support scholars, teachers, trainers, and others interested in the concept of ubiquitous communication among their peers and clients.

The prelims comprise: Half-Title Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgments American College of Prosthodontists Position Statement on Dental Implants

Machine-Learning methods can be used to provide fast and accurate time discrimination of pulses from detectors used in medical scanner applications. This approach uses multiple samples before and after a pulse crosses a threshold to estimate the starting time of an input pulse.

Best-selling books and Hollywood films have been critically examining he commercialisation of Mt Everest for more than 20 years. Yet Everest commercialisation began with its mapping and naming in the nineteenth century and the earliest climbing expeditions in the 1920s. The prominent role of scientific research, geography, and imperialism has often obscured the multiple forms taken by Mt Everest mountaineering commercialisation prior to the 1970s. This chapter examines the diverse roles that commercialisation has played on Chomolungma/Everest and highlights distinctive features in more recent debates. Transnational Everest debates have cast light on global risk disparities and wealth inequalities. Everest is not alone in raising such issues, but its unique status as the world’s highest mountain has transformed debates over the commercialisation of the peak into proxies for broader discussion of the legacies of colonialism and globalisation.

The underlying cause of FFR reduction and prognostic impact of FFR after optimal DES implantation remain unknown. The study aims were to use intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to investigate the mechanism responsible for reduced fractional flow reserve (FFR) after optimal drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation and to evaluate FFR effect on clinical outcomes after optimal percutaneous coronary intervention with DES.Ninety-seven patients treated with optimal DES implantation under IVUS and pullback FFR guidance were followed clinically (median 17.8 months). Post-stenting IVUS examination and pullback FFR recording were performed, and angiographic and IVUS parameters associated with reduced FFR were evaluated. The composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and target vessel revascularization, was analyzed.Regression analysis showed inverse correlations between post-stent FFR and residual plaque volume index (r = − 0.40, p < 0.01) and residual percent plaque volume (r = − 0.68, p < 0.01) in IVUS but no correlation of minimal lesion diameter with quantitative coronary angiography (r = 0.07, p = 0.50) or IVUS-derived minimal stent area (r = 0.02, p = 0.84). MACE was observed in 10 patients (10.3%), and FFR after optimal stenting was significantly lower in this group (0.86 ± 0.04 vs 0.91 ± 0.04, p < 0.01). The optimal FFR threshold for predicting MACE was 0.90, identified by the receiver operating characteristic curve.Reduced FFR after optimal DES implantation was associated with residual plaque volume identified by IVUS and future adverse cardiac events.

The anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti–CTLA-4) antibody ipilimumab is the first treatment that significantly improved the survival rates of metastatic melanoma patients, marking a new era in the treatment of melanoma. During its development, a hallmark of ipilimumab therapy was the extended duration of response, achieved in 20% of patients. The follow-up of patients included in phase II and phase III trials and in expanded access programs revealed that the survival rates remained stable after 3 years. These results demonstrated that ipilimumab induces an effective anti-tumor immune response persisting after the completion of treatment, and suggested a potential remission in a subset of patients. In this article we review the development of ipilimumab and highlight the long-term results. This approach emphasizes the need to optimize the use of ipilimumab in the future, by identifying the patients most likely to achieve long term survival after ipilimumab therapy, and by developing combined therapeutic approaches involving cytotoxic agents, targeted therapies or other immunotherapies to achieve durable control in a larger proportion of patients.

The excel file contains the replies of small-scale private forest owners in Lower Saxony, Germany, to certain questions of a survey analyzed within the following publication: “Engaging small-scale private forest owners for transformative change towards integrative conservation” .<br> <br> The questions and responses included in this dataset cover their objectives, management activities, perspectives, and forest stand structures. Further details are provided in the second sheet of the file called “Code explanation”.<br> <br> More information about the methods of data collection can be found in the before-mentioned publication.

The excel file contains the replies of small-scale private forest owners in Lower Saxony, Germany, to certain questions of a survey analyzed within the following publication: “Engaging small-scale private forest owners for transformative change towards integrative conservation” .<br> <br> The questions and responses included in this dataset cover their objectives, management activities, perspectives, and forest stand structures. Further details are provided in the second sheet of the file called “Code explanation”.<br> <br> More information about the methods of data collection can be found in the before-mentioned publication.

A methodology has been verified where the ZD-distribution of a component of the furnish (fines or CMF) can bemonitored. The component to be monitored was dyed using a direct azo-dye before addition ...

Age-related decline in Theory of Mind (ToM) may be due to waning executive control, which is necessary for resolving conflict when reasoning about others’ mental states. We assessed how older (OA; n=50) versus younger adults (YA; n=50) were affected by three theoretically relevant sources of conflict within ToM: competing Self-Other perspectives; competing cued locations and outcome knowledge. We examined which best accounted for age-related difficulty with ToM. Our data show unexpected similarity between age groups when representing a belief incongruent with one’s own. Individual differences in attention and motor response speed best explained the degree of conflict experienced through conflicting Self-Other perspectives. However, OAs were disproportionately affected by managing conflict between cued locations. Age and spatial working memory were most relevant for predicting the magnitude of conflict elicited by conflicting cued locations. We suggest that previous studies may have underestimated OA’s ToM proficiency by including unnecessary conflict in ToM tasks. FURTHER INFORMATION: Please also see our reanalysis following updated guidelines on the use of the AQ-10 as a screening tool; this reanalysis shows that these changes do not impact the key findings of this research. https://psyarxiv.com/dnu47/

A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented in this thesis. The measurement was performed using 35.9/fb integrated luminosity of proton-proton collision data delivered by the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded by the CMS experiment during 2016. This thesis describes the improved measurement of the electron and photon energy scale and resolution using the electromagnetic calorimeter and the new analysis techniques used to improve the precision of the Higgs boson mass measurement. The Higgs boson mass is measured to be 125.78 ± 0.26 GeV. When combined with the H → ZZ*→ 4l decay channel and the data collected in 2011 and 2012, a value of 125.38 ± 0.14 GeV is found. This is currently the most precise measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson.

Christer Ekholm, Nervositeten kommer utifran. Om Erik Beckmans tidiga forfattarskap : Brutus Ostlings Bokforlag Symposion. Stockholm/Stehag 2005

This paper a develops novel statistical test of whether individual factor risk premia are identified from return data in multi-factor models. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for population identification of individual risk premia, which we call the kernel-orthogonality condition. This condition is weaker than the standard rank condition commonly assumed for linear factor models. Under misspecification, our condition ensures point identification of the risk premium with minimal pricing error. We show how to test this restriction directly in reduced-rank models. Finally, we apply our test methodology to assess identification of risk premia associated with consumption growth and intermediary leverage.

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Eine Entschuldigung am Anfang: Die Fallstudie ist teilweise in aufdringlicher „Ich”-Form geschrieben, aber es ist eben eines der Wesenselemente von mittelständischen Handwerksbetrieben, daß der Unternehmer niemanden hat, der für ihn schreibt; er — und also in diesem Falle: ich als geschäftsführender Gesellschafter — muß es schon selbst tun. Da ist kein „ghostwriter”, keine PR-Agentur und kein vornehmes Verstecken hinter bekannten Firmennamen denkbar; es gilt also über das Getane persönlich zu berichten.