P. Chang

We present a search for lepton-flavor-violating tau decays into three leptons (electrons or muons) using 782 fb^-1 of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. No evidence for these decays is observed and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions between 1.5 x 10^-8 and 2.7 x 10^-8.

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C. Please note that version 3 on the archive is the auxiliary version of the Physics of the B Factories book. This uses the notation alpha, beta, gamma for the angles of the Unitarity Triangle. The nominal version uses the notation phi_1, phi_2 and phi_3. Please cite this work as Eur. Phys. J. C74 (2014) 3026.

We report the observation of a near-threshold enhancement in the omegaJ/psi invariant mass distribution for exclusive B-->KomegaJ/psi decays. The results are obtained from a 253 fb(-1) data sample that contains 275 x 10(6) BB pairs that were collected near the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider. The statistical significance of the omegaJ/psi mass enhancement is estimated to be greater than 8sigma.

With the full data sample of $772 \times 10^6$ $B{\bar B}$ pairs recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider, the decay $\bar{B} \rightarrow D^* \tau^- \bar{\nu}_\tau$ is studied with the hadronic $\tau$ decays $\tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau$ and $\tau^- \rightarrow \rho^- \nu_\tau$. The $\tau$ polarization $P_\tau(D^*)$ in two-body hadronic $\tau$ decays is measured, as well as the ratio of the branching fractions $R(D^{*}) = \mathcal{B}(\bar {B} \rightarrow D^* \tau^- \bar{\nu}_\tau) / \mathcal{B}(\bar{B} \rightarrow D^* \ell^- \bar{\nu}_\ell)$, where $\ell^-$ denotes an electron or a muon. Our results, $P_\tau(D^*) = -0.38 \pm 0.51 {\rm (stat)} ^{+0.21}_{-0.16} {\rm (syst)}$ and $R(D^*) = 0.270 \pm 0.035{\rm (stat)} ^{+0.028}_{-0.025}{\rm (syst)}$, are consistent with the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model. The polarization values of $P_\tau(D^*) > +0.5$ are excluded at the 90\% confidence level.

The experimental results on the ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D) = {\cal B}(\bar{B} \to D \tau^- \bar{\nu}_{\tau})/{\cal B}(\bar{B} \to D \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^*) = {\cal B}(\bar{B} \to D^* \tau^- \bar{\nu}_{\tau})/{\cal B}(\bar{B} \to D^* \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$, where $\ell$ denotes an electron or a muon, show a long-standing discrepancy with the Standard Model predictions, and might hint to a violation of lepton flavor universality. We report a new simultaneous measurement of $\mathcal{R}(D)$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^*)$, based on a data sample containing $772 \times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ events recorded at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+ e^-$ collider. In this analysis the tag-side $B$ meson is reconstructed in a semileptonic decay mode and the signal-side $\tau$ is reconstructed in a purely leptonic decay. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D)= 0.307 \pm 0.037 \pm 0.016$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^*) = 0.283 \pm 0.018 \pm 0.014$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions within $0.2$, $1.1$ and $0.8$ standard deviations for $\mathcal{R}(D)$, $\mathcal{R}(D^*)$ and their combination, respectively. This work constitutes the most precise measurements of $\mathcal{R}(D)$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^*)$ performed to date as well as the first result for $\mathcal{R}(D)$ based on a semileptonic tagging method.

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.

We present results from a study of X(3872) --> pi+pi- J/psi decays produced via exclusive B--> K X(3872) decays. We determine the mass to be M_X(3872)= (3871.84\pm 0.27 (stat)\pm 0.19 (syst)) MeV, a 90% CL upper limit on the natural width of Gamma_X(3872)<1.2 MeV, the product branching fraction Bf(B+-> K+X(3872))xBf(X(3872)-->pi+pi-J/psi)=(8.61 \pm 0.82(stat) \pm 0.52 (syst)) x10^{-6}, and a ratio of branching fractions Bf(B0--> K0 X(3872))/BF(B+--> K+ X(3872))=0.50\pm 0.14(stat)\pm0.04(syst). The difference in mass between the X(3872)-->pi+pi-J/psi signals in B+ and B0 decays is Delta M_{X(3872)= (-0.69 \pm 0.97 (stat)} \pm 0.19 (syst)) MeV. A search for a charged partner of the X(3872) in the decays Bbar0-->K- X+ or B+-->K0X+, X+-->pi+pi0 J/psi resulted in upper limits on the product branching fractions for these processes that are well below expectations for the case that the X(3872) is the neutral member of an isospin triplet. In addition, we examine possible J^{PC} quantum number assignments for the X(3872) based on comparisons of angular correlations between final state particles in X(3872)-->pi+pi-J/psi decays with simulated data for J^{PC} values of 1^{++} and 2^{-+}. We examine the influence of rho-omega interference in the M(pi+pi-) spectrum. The analysis is based on a 711fb^{-1} data sample that contains 772 million BBbar meson pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance in the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider.

It is shown that a nonlinear Lagrangian model with chiral $\mathrm{SU}(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{SU}(2)$ symmetry for the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ system proposed earlier, when complemented with an exact partially conserved axial-vector current term, provides a systematic and unified treatment of various phenomenological Lagrangians that are found in the recent literature. A detailed comparison is made for three special cases, showing agreement with current algebra and experimental data for $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering lengths.

The process gammagamma-->phiJ/psi is measured using a data sample of 825 fb{-1} collected with the Belle detector. A narrow peak of 8.8{-3.2}{+4.2} events, with a significance of 3.2 standard deviations including systematic uncertainty, is observed. The mass and natural width of the structure [named X(4350)] are measured to be [4350.6{-5.1}{+4.6}(stat)+/-0.7(syst)] MeV/c{2} and [13{-9}{+18}(stat)+/-4(syst)] MeV, respectively. The product of its two-photon decay width and branching fraction to phiJ/psi is [6.7{-2.4}{+3.2}(stat)+/-1.1(syst)] eV for J{P}=0{+}, or [1.5{-0.6}{+0.7}(stat)+/-0.3(syst)] eV for J{P}=2{+}. No signal for the Y(4140)-->phiJ/psi structure reported by the CDF Collaboration in B-->K{+}phiJ/psi decays is observed, and limits of Gamma_{gammagamma}(Y(4140))B(Y(4140)-->phiJ/psi)<41 eV for J{P}=0;{+} or <6.0 eV for J{P}=2{+} are determined at the 90% C.L. This disfavors the scenario in which the Y(4140) is a D{s}{*+}D{s}{*-} molecule.

We present a new measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element jV cb j from B 0 → D Ã-l þ ν l decays, reconstructed with the full Belle data set of 711 fb -1 integrated luminosity.Two form factor parametrizations, originally conceived by the Caprini-Lellouch-Neubert (CLN) and the Boyd, Grinstein and Lebed (BGL) groups, are used to extract the product F ð1Þη EW jV cb j and the decay form factors, where F ð1Þ is the normalization factor and η EW is a small electroweak correction.In the CLN parametrization we find F ð1Þη EW jV cb j ¼ ð35.06 AE 0.15 AE 0.56Þ × 10 -3 , ρ 2 ¼ 1.106 AE 0.031 AE 0.007, R 1 ð1Þ ¼ 1.229 AE 0.028 AE 0.009, R 2 ð1Þ ¼ 0.852 AE 0.021 AE 0.006.For the BGL parametrization we obtain F ð1Þη EW jV cb j ¼ ð34.93 AE 0.23 AE 0.59Þ × 10 -3 , which is consistent with the world average when correcting for F ð1Þη EW .The branching fraction ofWe also present a new test of lepton flavor universality violation in semileptonic B decays, BðB 0 →D Ã-e þ νÞ BðB 0 →D Ãμ þ νÞ ¼ 1.01 AE 0.01 AE 0.03.The errors quoted correspond to the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively.This is the most precise measurement of F ð1Þη EW jV cb j and form factors to date and the first experimental study of the BGL form factor parametrization in an experimental measurement.

We report an observation of the decay B{0}-->D{*-}tau{+}nu{tau} in a data sample containing 535x10{6} BB pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e{+}e{-} collider. We find a signal with a significance of 5.2sigma and measure the branching fraction B(B{0}-->D{*-}tau{+}nu{tau})=(2.02{-0.37}{+0.40}(stat)+/-0.37(syst))%. This is the first observation of an exclusive B decay with a b-->ctaunu{tau} transition.

We report the observation of the decay mode ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ based on an analysis of $29.4{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. This is the first example of a $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$ transition with baryons in the final state. The $p\overline{p}$ mass spectrum in this decay is inconsistent with phase space and is peaked at low mass. The branching fraction for this decay is measured to be $B({B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}[{4.3}_{\ensuremath{-}0.9}^{+1.1}(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5(\mathrm{syst})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. We also report upper limits for the decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}{K}_{S}$ and ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$.

We report on a high statistics measurement of the cross section of the process γγ→π+π− in the π+π− invariant mass range 0.8 GeV/c2<W<1.5 GeV/c2 with 85.9 fb−1 of data collected at √s=10.58 GeV and 10.52 GeV with the Belle detector. A clear signal for the f0(980) resonance is observed. From a fit to the mass spectrum, the mass, π+π− and two-photon decay widths of the resonance are found to be 985.6+1.2−1.5(stat)+1.1−1.6(syst) MeV/c2, 34.2+13.9−11.8(stat)+8.8−2.5(syst) MeV, and 205+95−83(stat)+147−117(syst) eV, respectively.Received 3 January 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.75.051101©2007 American Physical Society

We report the first observation of the spontaneous polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons transverse to the production plane in e^{+}e^{-} annihilation, which is attributed to the effect arising from a polarizing fragmentation function. For inclusive Λ/Λ[over ¯] production, we also report results with subtracted feed-down contributions from Σ^{0} and charm. This measurement uses a dataset of 800.4 fb^{-1} collected by the Belle experiment at or near a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. We observe a significant polarization that rises with the fractional energy carried by the Λ/Λ[over ¯] hyperon.

This paper presents a search for the rare flavor-changing neutral current process ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ using data taken with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. The analysis is based on the entire $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance data sample of $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, corresponding to $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs. In our search we fully reconstruct the companion $B$ meson produced in the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}$ from its hadronic decay modes, and look for the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in the rest of the event. No evidence for a signal is found. We report an upper limit on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}})&lt;3.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ at 90% confidence level. This is the first direct limit on $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$.

We report measurements of the branching fractions for $B^0\to\pi^+\pi^-$, $K^+\pi^-$, $K^+K^-$ and $K^0\pi^0$, and $B^+\to\pi^+\pi^0$, $K^+\pi^0$, $K^0\pi^+$ and $K^+\bar{K}{}^0$. The results are based on 10.4 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected on the $\Upsilon$(4S) resonance at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ storage ring with the Belle detector, equipped with a high momentum particle identification system for clear separation of charged $\pi$ and $K$ mesons. We find ${\cal B}(B^0\to\pi^+\pi^-) =(0.56^{+0.23}_{-0.20}\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-5}$, ${\cal B}(B^0\to K^+\pi^-) =(1.93^{+0.34 +0.15}_{-0.32 -0.06})\times 10^{-5}$, ${\cal B}(B^+\to K^+\pi^0) =(1.63^{+0.35 +0.16}_{-0.33 -0.18})\times 10^{-5}$, ${\cal B}(B^+\to K^0\pi^+) =(1.37^{+0.57 +0.19}_{-0.48 -0.18})\times 10^{-5}$, and ${\cal B}(B^0\to K^0\pi^0) =(1.60^{+0.72 +0.25}_{-0.59 -0.27})\times 10^{-5}$, where the first and second errors are statistical and systematic. We also set upper limits of ${\cal B}(B^+\to\pi^+\pi^0)<1.34\times 10^{-5}$, ${\cal B}(B^0\to K^+K^-)<0.27\times 10^{-5}$, and ${\cal B}(B^+\to K^+\bar{K}{}^0)<0.50\times 10^{-5}$ at the 90% confidence level.

We report the results of a search for D0-D0 mixing in D0 --> K+ pi- decays based on 400 fb(-1) of data accumulated by the Belle detector at KEKB. Both assuming CP conservation and allowing for CP violation, we fit the decay-time distribution for the mixing parameters x and y, as well as for the parameter R(D), the ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays to Cabibbo-favored decays. The 95% confidence level region in the (x'2,y') plane is obtained using a frequentist method. Assuming CP conservation, we find x'2 < 0.72 x 10(-3) and -9.9 x 10(-3) < y' < 6.8 x 10(-3) at the 95% confidence level; these are the most stringent constraints on the mixing parameters to date. The no-mixing point (0,0) has a confidence level of 3.9%. Assuming no mixing, we measure R(D) = (0.377 +/- 0.008 +/- 0.005)%.

Synopsis In experiments lakes 223 (L223) and 302 South (L302S) in the Experimental Lakes Area in north-western Ontario, and Little Rock Lake (LRL) in northern Wisconsin, were progressively acidified with sulphuric acid from original pH values of 6.1–6.8 to 4.7–5.1. Although the lakes were at different locations with different physical settings and assemblages of plants and animals including fish, there were remarkable similarities in their responses, particularly in regard to biogeochemical processes and effects on biota at lower trophic levels. All three lakes generated an important part of their buffering capacity internally b\ the reduction of sulphate, and to a lesser extent by the reduction of nitrate. Alkalinity production increased as concentrations of biologically-active strong acid anions increased. Models relating the residence times of sulphate and nitrate to water renewal, or first-order kinetics, effectively predicted events. Acidification disrupted nitrogen cycling in all three lakes. Nitrification was inhibited in L223 and L302S, while in LRL, nitrogen fixation was greatly decreased at low pH. The phytoplankton communities of all three lakes were originally dominated by chrysophyceans and cryptophyceans. However acidification changed the dominant species and decreased diversity. Acidification tended to increase phytoplankton production and standing crop slightly, probably because light penetration was increased. Littoral zones of all three lakes became increasingly dominated by a few species of filamentous green algae, which created nuisance blooms by pH 5.6. Mats or clouds of algae changed the entire character of the littoral zone. Acidification of L223 and L302S caused the loss of several species of large benthic crustaceans as pH changed from 6 to 5.6. Large, acid-sensitive littoral crustaceans were absent from LRL before acidification, probably because the lake was already too acidic. As acidity increased, the dominance of cladocerans within zooplankton communities increased. Daphnia catawba appeared at pH values near 5.6 and became more abundant at lower pHs as the lakes were acidified. Its appearance coincided with a decline in other Daphnia species: another cladoceran, Bosmina longirostris , increased in the experimentally-acidified lakes as did Keratella taurocephala : they became the dominant rotifers. Several sensitive zooplankton species declined or disappeared as the lakes were acidified, most notably Daphnia galeata mendotae, Epischura lacustris, Diaptomus sicilis and Keratella cochlearis . The responses of different fish varied; they appeared to depend on the sensitivity of key organisms in the food chain. The ability of key fish species to reproduce was impaired as early as pH 5.8; their reproduction, except for yellow perch in LRL, had ceased at pH 5.0 in all the three lakes. Acidification consistently reduced the diversity and richness of species in taxonomic groups studied, these effects resulting from losses of species and the increased dominance of a few acidophilic taxa. Responses of experimentally-acidified lakes in north-western Ontario and atmospherically-acidified lakes in eastern Ontario were similar in most respects where records allowed comparisons to be made, notably in relation to biogeochemical processes and the disappearance of acid-sensitive biota. When the acidification of L223 was reversed, several biotic components recovered quickly. Fish resumed reproduction at pHs similar to those at which it ceased when the lake was being acidified. The condition of lake trout improved as a result of greatly increased populations of small fish, their prey. Many species of insects and crustaceans that had been extirpated by acidification returned. Assemblages of phytoplankton and chironomids have retained an acidophilic character, although their diversity during recovery is similar to that at comparable pHs during progressive acidification. As their chemistry recovered, atmospherically-acidified lakes in the Sudbury area were able to sustain recruitment by species offish, including lake trout and white sucker, with rapid increases in the diversity of invertebrate taxa. Results from both L223 and lakes near Sudbury suggest a rapid partial recovery of lacustrine communities when acidification is reversed. It is concluded that the experimental lakes responded similarly to acidification, and that experimental acidification can reliably indicate the effects of acidification attributable to acidic precipitation.

The angular distributions of the baryon-antibaryon low-mass enhancements seen in the charmless three-body baryonic B decays B+ -> p pbar K+, B0 -> p pbar Ks, and B0 -> p Lambdabar pi- are reported. A quark fragmentation interpretation is supported, while the gluonic resonance picture is disfavored. Searches for the Theta+ and Theta++ pentaquarks in the relevant decay modes and possible glueball states G with 2.2 GeV/c2 < M-ppbar < 2.4 GeV/c2 in the ppbar systems give null results. We set upper limits on the products of branching fractions, B(B0 -> Theta+ p)\times B(Theta+ -> p Ks) < 2.3 \times 10^{-7}, B(B+ -> Theta++ pbar) \times B(Theta++ -> p K+) < 9.1 \times 10^{-8}, and B(B+ -> G K+) \times B(G -> p pbar) < 4.1 \times 10^{-7} at the 90% confidence level. The analysis is based on a 140 fb^{-1} data sample recorded on the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.

We present a new measurement of the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}c\overline{c}$ cross section where the $c\overline{c}$ pair can fragment either into charmed hadrons or a charmonium state. In the former case the $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ and a charmed hadron are reconstructed, while the latter process is measured using the recoil mass technique, which allows the identification of two-body final states without reconstruction of one of the charmonia. The measured ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}c\overline{c}$ cross section is $(0.74\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08\genfrac{}{}{0}{}{+0.09}{\ensuremath{-}0.08})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$, and the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{X}_{\mathrm{non}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}c\overline{c}}$ cross section is $(0.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$. We note that the measured cross sections are obtained from a data sample with the multiplicity of charged tracks in the event larger than 4; corrections for the effect of this requirement are not performed as this cannot be done in a model-independent way. The analysis is based on a data sample with an integrated luminosity of $673\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ recorded near the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ asymmetric-energy collider.

We report results from a study of the charmed double strange baryons Ωc0 and Ωc∗0 at Belle. The Ωc0 is reconstructed using the Ωc0→Ω−π+ decay mode, and its mass is measured to be (2693.6±0.3−1.5+1.8)MeV/c2. The Ωc∗0 baryon is reconstructed in the Ωc0γ mode. The mass difference MΩc∗0−MΩc0 is measured to be (70.7±0.9−0.9+0.1)MeV/c2. The analysis is performed using 673 fb−1 of data on and near the ϒ(4S) collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.

We present the first measurement of the angle phi_3 of the Unitarity Triangle using a model-independent Dalitz plot analysis of B->DK, D->KsPiPi decays. The method uses an input measurements of the strong phase of the D->KsPiPi amplitude from the CLEO collaboration. The result is based on the full data set of 772x10^6 BBbar pairs collected by the Belle experiment at the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We obtain phi_3 = (77.3^{+15.1}_{-14.9} +- 4.1 +- 4.3)^{\circ} and the suppressed amplitude ratio r_B = 0.145 +- 0.030 +- 0.010 +- 0.011. Here the first error is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third is the error due to the precision of the strong-phase parameters obtained by CLEO.

We report the result for a search for the leptonic decay of B+→μ+νμ using the full Belle dataset of 711 fb−1 of integrated luminosity at the Υ(4S) resonance. In the Standard Model leptonic B-meson decays are helicity and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa suppressed. To maximize sensitivity an inclusive tagging approach is used to reconstruct the second B meson produced in the collision. The directional information from this second B meson is used to boost the observed μ into the signal B-meson rest frame, in which the μ has a monochromatic momentum spectrum. Though its momentum is smeared by the experimental resolution, this technique improves the analysis sensitivity considerably. Analyzing the μ momentum spectrum in this frame we find B(B+→μ+νμ)=(5.3±2.0±0.9)×10−7 with a one-sided significance of 2.8 standard deviations over the background-only hypothesis. This translates to a frequentist upper limit of B(B+→μ+νμ)<8.6×10−7 at 90% confidence level. The experimental spectrum is then used to search for a massive sterile neutrino, B+→μ+N, but no evidence is observed for a sterile neutrino with a mass in a range of 0–1.5 GeV. The determined B+→μ+νμ branching fraction limit is further used to constrain the mass and coupling space of the type II and type III two-Higgs-doublet models.7 MoreReceived 10 November 2019Accepted 2 January 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.032007Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasDetermination of fundamental constantsElectroweak interactionExtensions of Higgs sectorLattice QCDLeptonic, semileptonic & radiative decaysQuark mixingPhysical SystemsHeavy neutrinosLeptonsMesonsNuclear Physics

We present measurements of partial branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{u}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ decays using the full Belle dataset of $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance and for $\ensuremath{\ell}=e$, $\ensuremath{\mu}$. Inclusive semileptonic $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{u}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ decays are Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) suppressed and measurements are complicated by the large background from CKM favored $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{c}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ transitions, which have a similar signature. Using machine learning techniques, we reduce this and other backgrounds effectively, while retaining access to a large fraction of the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{u}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ phase space and high signal efficiency. We measure partial branching fractions in three phase-space regions covering about 31% to 86% of the accessible $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{u}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ phase space. The most inclusive measurement corresponds to the phase space with lepton energies of ${E}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{B}&gt;1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, and we obtain $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\mathcal{B}(B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{u}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})=(1.59\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ from a two-dimensional fit of the hadronic mass spectrum and the four-momentum-transfer squared distribution, with the uncertainties denoting the statistical and systematic error. We find $|{V}_{ub}|=(4.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ from an average of four calculations for the partial decay rate with the third uncertainty denoting the average theory error. This value is higher but compatible with the determination from exclusive semileptonic decays within 1.3 standard deviations. In addition, we report charmless inclusive partial branching fractions separately for ${B}^{+}$ and ${B}^{0}$ mesons as well as for electron and muon final states. No isospin breaking or lepton flavor universality violating effects are observed.

Charged lepton flavor violation is forbidden in the Standard Model but possible in several new physics scenarios. In many of these models, the radiative decays $\tau^{\pm}\rightarrow\ell^{\pm}\gamma$ ($\ell=e,\mu$) are predicted to have a sizeable probability, making them particularly interesting channels to search at various experiments. An updated search via $\tau^{\pm}\rightarrow\ell^{\pm}\gamma$ using full data of the Belle experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 988 fb$^{-1}$, is reported for charged lepton flavor violation. No significant excess over background predictions from the Standard Model is observed, and the upper limits on the branching fractions, $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{\pm}\rightarrow \mu^{\pm}\gamma)$ $\leq$ $4.2\times10^{-8}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{\pm}\rightarrow e^{\pm}\gamma)$ $\leq$ $5.6\times10^{-8}$, are set at 90\% confidence level.

We report a study of Λ+c→Σ+π0, Λ+c→Σ+η, and Λ+c→Σ+η′ using the data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 980 fb−1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. The branching fractions relative to Λ+c→Σ+π0 are measured as BΛ+c→Σ+η/BΛ+c→Σ+π0=0.25±0.03±0.01 and BΛ+c→Σ+η′/BΛ+c→Σ+π0=0.33±0.06±0.02. Using BΛ+c→Σ+π0=(1.25±0.10)%, we obtain BΛ+c→Σ+η=(3.14±0.35±0.17±0.25)×10−3 and BΛ+c→Σ+η′=(4.16±0.75±0.25±0.33)×10−3. Here the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and from BΛ+c→Σ+π0, respectively. The ratio of the branching fraction of Λ+c→Σ+η′ with respect to that of Λ+c→Σ+η is measured to be BΛ+c→Σ+η′/BΛ+c→Σ+η=1.34±0.28±0.08. We update the asymmetry parameter of Λ+c→Σ+π0, αΣ+π0=−0.48±0.02±0.02, with a considerably improved precision. The asymmetry parameters of Λ+c→Σ+η and Λ+c→Σ+η′ are measured to be αΣ+η=−0.99±0.03±0.05 and αΣ+η′=−0.46±0.06±0.03 for the first time.1 MoreReceived 23 August 2022Accepted 8 December 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.032003Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasBranching fractionPhysical SystemsCharmed baryonsTechniquesLepton collidersParticles & Fields

The response of pelagic zooplankton to experimental fertilization was compared with the fossil record of Cladocera obtained from the annually laminated sediments of Lake 227, Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario. Constrained cluster analysis of both total fossil Cladocera and littoral chydorid communities clearly distinguished between pre- and post-eutrophication communities and further differentiated between years of high and low nitrogen:phosphorus fertilization ratios. However, there were few chydorid species extirpations resulting from the manipulation. Total chydorid accumulation rates and indices of species diversity, richness, and equitability were relatively constant over the last century and were not affected by fertilization. Among pelagic Cladocera, Bosmina longirostris abundance declined &gt; 60% after initial fertilization. Although harsh chemical conditions (pH &gt; 10) may have contributed to reduced abundance of pelagic Cladocera, Bosmina populations were also naturally variable prior to manipulation. Changes in Bosmina morphology (mucrone, antennule, and carapace length) and cladoceran size ratios (Daphnia/[Daphnia + Bosmina]) suggested that zooplanktivory by fish and invertebrates exercised important control of herbivore populations. Fossil Bosmina concentration (remains∙[g dry wt] −1 or remains∙[g organic matter] −1 ) were significantly correlated (r = 0.66, P &lt; 0.01, 1970–1989) to standing crop in the water column (animals∙m −2 ). Fossil accumulation rate (remains∙cm −2 ∙yr −1 ) was not significantly correlated to Bosmina abundance, perhaps because of errors in determining bulk sediment accumulation rates.

We report the observation of the radiative decay B+ --> K1(1270)+ gamma using a data sample of 140 fb-1 taken at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider. We find the branching fraction to be Br(B+ --> K1(1270)+ gamma) = (4.3 +- 0.9(stat.) +- 0.9(syst.)) x 10-5 with a statistical significance of 7.3sigma. We find no significant signal for B+ --> K1(1400)+ gamma and set an upper limit Br(B+ --> K1(1400)+ gamma) < 1.5 x 10-5 at the 90% confidence level. We also measure inclusive branching fractions for B+ --> K+ pi+ pi- gamma and B0 --> K0 pi+ pi- gamma in the mass range 1 GeV/c^2 < M(K+(0)pi+pi-) < 2 GeV/c^2.

We report a new measurement of the time-dependent $CP$-violating parameters in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays with $535\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider operating at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance. We find $1464\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}65$ ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ events and measure the $CP$-violating parameters ${\mathcal{S}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}=\ensuremath{-}0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04(\mathrm{syst})$ and ${\mathcal{A}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}=+0.55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05(\mathrm{syst})$. We observe large direct $CP$ violation with a significance greater than 5 standard deviations for any ${\mathcal{S}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}$ value. Using isospin relations, we measure the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark-mixing matrix angle ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{2}=(97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ for the solution consistent with the standard model and exclude the range $11\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}&lt;{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{2}&lt;79\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ at the 95% confidence level.

The suppressed decay chain B- -> DK-, D -> K+pi-, where D indicates a anti-D0 or D0 state, provides important information on the CP-violating angle phi_3. We measure the ratio R_{DK} of the decay rates to the favored mode B- -> DK-, D -> K-pi+ to be R_{DK} = [1.63^{+0.44}_{-0.41}(stat)^{+0.07}_{-0.13}(syst)] x 10^{-2}, which indicates the first evidence of the signal with a significance of 4.1sigma. We also measure the asymmetry A_{DK} between the charge-conjugate decays to be A_{DK} = -0.39^{+0.26}_{-0.28}(stat)^{+0.04}_{-0.03}(syst). The results are based on the full 772 x 10^6 B anti-B pair data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector.

We present the first observation of the Ω0c→Ω−μ+νμ decay and present measurements of the branching fraction ratios of the Ω0c→Ω−ℓ+νℓ decays compared to the reference mode Ω0c→Ω−π+, (ℓ=e or μ). This analysis is based on 89.5 fb−1, 711 fb−1, and 121.1 fb−1 data samples collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider at the center-of-mass energies of 10.52 GeV, 10.58 GeV, and 10.86 GeV, respectively. The Ω0c signal yields are extracted by fitting MΩℓ and MΩπ spectra. The branching fraction ratios B(Ω0c→Ω−e+νe)/B(Ω0c→Ω−π+) and B(Ω0c→Ω−μ+νμ)/B(Ω0c→Ω−π+) are measured to be 1.98±0.13(stat)±0.08(syst) and 1.94±0.18(stat)±0.10(syst), respectively. The ratio of B(Ω0c→Ω−e+νe)/B(Ω0c→Ω−μ+νμ) is measured to be 1.02±0.10(stat)±0.02(syst), which is consistent with the expectation of lepton flavor universality.Received 20 December 2021Accepted 26 April 2022Corrected 23 May 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.L091101Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasBranching fractionLeptonic, semileptonic & radiative decaysPhysical SystemsCharmed baryonsTechniquesLepton collidersParticles & Fields

We report a search for the production of long-lived charged massive particles in a data sample of $90\text{ }{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{b}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=1.8\text{ }\mathrm{T}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ $p\overline{p}$ collisions recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The search uses the muonlike penetration and anomalously high ionization energy loss signature expected for such a particle to discriminate it from backgrounds. The data are found to agree with background expectations, and cross section limits of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ pb are derived using two reference models, a stable quark and a stable scalar lepton.

We present a measurement of CP asymmetry using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of B0→π+π−π0 decays based on a 414 fb−1 data sample containing 449×106B¯¯¯B pairs. The data was collected on the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e+e− collider. Combining our analysis with information on charged B decay modes, we perform a full Dalitz and isospin analysis and obtain a constraint on the CKM angle ϕ2, 68°<ϕ2<95° as the 68.3% confidence interval for the ϕ2 solution consistent with the standard model (SM). A large SM-disfavored region also remains.Received 10 January 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.221602©2007 American Physical Society

We report a new sensitive search for $CPT$ violation, which includes improved measurements of the $CPT$-violating parameter $z$ and the total decay-width difference normalized to the averaged width $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{d}/{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{d}$ of the two ${B}_{d}$ mass eigenstates. The results are based on a data sample of $535\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We obtain $\mathcal{R}e(z)=[+1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.7(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.3(\mathrm{syst})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, $\mathcal{I}m(z)=[\ensuremath{-}5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.3(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.3(\mathrm{syst})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{d}/{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{d}=[\ensuremath{-}1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1(\mathrm{syst})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, all of which are consistent with zero. This is the most precise single measurement of these parameters in the neutral $B$-meson system to date.

Using a data sample of $921.9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected with the Belle detector, we study the process of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{+}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$ via initial-state radiation. We report the first observation of a vector charmoniumlike state decaying to ${D}_{s}^{+}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$ with a significance of $5.9\ensuremath{\sigma}$, including systematic uncertainties. The measured mass and width are $({4625.9}_{\ensuremath{-}6.0}^{+6.2}(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4(\text{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ and $({49.8}_{\ensuremath{-}11.5}^{+13.9}(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.0(\text{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. The product of the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{+}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$ cross section and the branching fraction of ${D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is measured from the ${D}_{s}{\overline{D}}_{s1}(2536)$ threshold to 5.59 GeV.

We report the first evidence for $X(3872)$ production in two-photon interactions by tagging either the electron or the position in the final state, exploring the highly virtual photon region. The search is performed in $e^+e^- \rightarrow e^+e^-J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$, using 825 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the Belle detector operated at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. We observe three $X(3872)$ candidates with an expected background of $0.11\pm 0.10$ events, with a significance of 3.2$\sigma$. We obtain an estimated value for $\tilde{\Gamma}_{\gamma\gamma}{\cal B}(X(3872)\rightarrow J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$) assuming the $Q^2$ dependence predicted by a $c\bar{c}$ meson model, where $-Q^2$ is the invariant mass-squared of the virtual photon. No $X(3915)\rightarrow J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$ candidates are found.

We present the measurement of the first to fourth order moments of the four-momentum transfer squared, q2, of inclusive B→Xcℓ+νℓ decays using the full Belle dataset of 711 fb−1 of integrated luminosity at the Υ(4S) resonance where ℓ=e, μ. The determination of these moments and their systematic uncertainties open new pathways to determine the absolute value of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element Vcb using a reduced set of matrix elements of the heavy quark expansion. In order to identify and reconstruct the Xc system, we reconstruct one of the two B-mesons using machine learning techniques in fully hadronic decay modes. The moments are measured with progressively increasing threshold selections on q2 starting with a lower value of 3.0 GeV2 in steps of 0.5 GeV2 up to a value of 10.0 GeV2. The measured moments are further unfolded, correcting for reconstruction and selection effects as well as QED final state radiation. We report the moments separately for electron and muon final states and observe no lepton flavor universality violating effects.11 MoreReceived 7 September 2021Accepted 6 December 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.112011Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasLeptonic, semileptonic & radiative decaysPhysical SystemsBottom quarkTechniquesParticle data analysisPrecision measurementsParticles & Fields

We present a measurement of the t-tbar cross section in p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 109 pb-1 collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The measurement uses t-tbar decays into final states which contain one or two high transverse momentum leptons and multiple jets, and final states which contain only jets. Using acceptances appropriate for a top quark mass of 175 GeV/c^2, we find sigma(t-tbar)=7.6 (+1.8 -1.5) pb .

We report the first observation of color-suppressed B( 0)-->D(0)pi(0), D(*0)pi(0), D0eta, and D0omega decays, and evidence for B( 0)-->D(*0)eta and D(*0)omega. The branching fractions are B(B( 0)-->D0pi(0)) = (3.1 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.5)x10(-4), B(B( 0) -->D(*0)pi(0)) = (2.7(+0.8+0.5)(-0.7-0.6))x10(-4), B(B( 0) --> D0eta) = (1.4(+0.5)(-0.4) +/- 0.3)x10(-4), B(B( 0) --> D0omega) = (1.8 +/- 0.5(+0.4)(-0.3))x10(-4), and we set 90% confidence level upper limits of B(B( 0) --> D(*0)eta)<4.6 x 10(-4) and B(B( 0)-->D(*0)omega)<7.9 x 10(-4). The analysis is based on a data sample of 21.3 fb(-1) collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider.

Cadmium with the radiotracer 109Cd was added to the epilimnion of Precambrian Shield Lake 382 in the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario to monitor pathways of Cd from water to abiotic and biotic components, to quantify Cd accumulation and distribution in biota and to evaluate adverse biological and ecological effects. This experiment will permit evaluation of the adequacy of the water quality guidelines of 0.2 microgram Cd l-1 in protecting aquatic life in softwater lakes. As part of the whole-lake experiment, we monitored the activities of 109Cd in various body parts of the floater mussel Anodonta grandis grandis to determine accumulation and distribution of Cd. Additions of Cd from 23 June to the end of October 1987 (a total of 900 g Cd and 89 mCi of 109Cd) increased the total [Cd] in the water from 1.6 to about 85 ng l-1. Cadmium-109 was accumulated in body parts of the mussels, in increasing concentration: mantle less than foot less than gill less than visceral mass less than kidney. After 4 months exposure to the increased water [Cd], the mussels had increased body burden of Cd by an estimated 5-9 times. At the latter increase, the population of 7330 +/- 2100 mussels in the lake contained an estimated 0.011-0.020% of the added 109Cd.

A high precision study of the process γγ→pp¯ has been performed using a data sample of 89 fb−1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− collider. The cross section of pp¯ production has been measured at two-photon center-of-mass (c.m.) energies between 2.025 and 4.0 GeV and in the c.m. angular range of |cosθ∗|<0.6. Production of γγ→ηc→pp¯ is observed and the product of the two-photon width of the ηc and its branching ratio to pp¯ is determined.

We report measurements of the branching fraction and CP violation parameters in B(0)-->D+ D- decays. The results are based on a data sample that contains 535 x 10(6) BB pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance, with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We obtain [1.97+/-0.20(stat) +/- 0.20(syst)] x 10(-4) for the branching fraction of B0-->D+D-. The measured values of the CP violation parameters are S=-1.13+/-0.37+/-0.09, A=0.91+/-0.23+/-0.06, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We find evidence of CP violation in B0-->D+D- at the 4.1sigma confidence level. While the value of S is consistent with expectations from other measurements, the value of the parameter A favors large direct CP violation at the 3.2sigma confidence level, in contradiction to standard model expectations.

We present a search for the decays B+→μ+νμ and B+→e+νe in a 253 fb−1 data sample collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy B factory. We find no significant evidence for a signal and set 90% confidence level upper limits of B(B+→μ+νμ)<1.7×10−6 and B(B+→e+νe)<9.8×10−7.

We search for dimuon decays of a low mass particle in the decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}X$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}X$ using a data sample of $657\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We find no evidence for such a particle in the mass range from $212\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ to $300\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ for lifetimes below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$, and set upper limits on its branching fractions. In particular, we search for a particle with a mass of $214.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ reported by the HyperCP experiment, and obtain upper limits on the products $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}X)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})&lt;2.26(2.27)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}X)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})&lt;1.73(1.73)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ at 90% C.L. for a scalar (vector) $X$ particle.

Using a data sample of 980 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider, we study for the first time the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays $\Omega^0_c\to\Xi^{-}\pi^{+}$ and $\Omega^-K^+$ and the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay $\Omega^0_c\to \Xi^- K^{+}$. Evidence for an $\Omega^0_c$ signal in the $\Omega^0_c\to\Xi^-\pi^+$ mode is reported with a significance of $4.5\sigma$ including systematic uncertainties. The ratio of branching fractions to the normalization mode $\Omega_c^0\to \Omega^-\pi^+$ is measured to be $${\cal B}(\Omega_{c}^{0} \to \Xi^{-} \pi ^{+} )/{\cal B}(\Omega_c^0\to \Omega^-\pi^+)=0.253\pm 0.053({\rm stat.})\pm 0.030({\rm syst.}).$$ No significant signals of $\Omega^0_c\to\Xi^-K^+$ and $\Omega^-K^+$ modes are found. The upper limits at $90\%$ confidence level on ratios of branching fractions are determined to be $${\cal B}(\Omega_{c}^{0} \to \Xi^{-} K ^{+})/{\cal B}(\Omega_c^0\to \Omega^-\pi^+) < 0.070$$ and $${\cal B}(\Omega_{c}^{0} \to \Omega^{-}K^{+})/{\cal B}(\Omega_c^0\to \Omega^-\pi^+) < 0.29.$$

In this work, we present a study on ways that tracking algorithms can be improved with machine learning (ML). We base this study on the line segment tracking (LST) algorithm that we have designed to be naturally parallelized and vectorized in order to efficiently run on modern processors. LST has been developed specifically for the CMS Experiment at the LHC, towards the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade. Moreover, we have already shown excellent efficiency and performance results as we iteratively improve LST, leveraging a full simulation of the CMS detector. At the same time, promising deep-learning-based tracking algorithms, such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), are being pioneered on the simplified TrackML dataset. These results suggest that parts of LST could be improved or replaced by ML. Thus, a thorough, step-by-step investigation of exactly how and where ML can be utilized, while still meeting realistic HL-LHC performance and efficiency constraints, is implemented as follows. First, a lightweight neural network is used to replace and improve upon explicitly defined track quality selections. This neural network is shown to be highly efficient and robust to displaced tracks while having little-to-no impact on the runtime of LST. These results clearly establish that ML can be used to improve LST without penalty. Next, exploratory studies of GNN track-building algorithms are described. In particular, low-level track objects from LST are considered as nodes in a graph, where edges represent higher-level objects or even entire track candidates. Then, an edge-classifier GNN is trained, and the efficiency of the resultant edge scores is compared with that of the existing LST track quality selections. These GNN studies provide insights into the practicality and performance of using more ambitious and complex ML algorithms for HL-LHC tracking at the CMS Experiment.

During the decommissioning of nuclear and particle accelerator facilities, a considerable amount of large-scale radioactive waste may be generated. Accurately defining the activation level of the waste is crucial for proper disposal. However, directly measuring the internal radioactivity distribution poses challenges. This study introduced a novel technology employing machine learning to assess the internal radioactivity distribution based on external measurements. Random radioactivity distribution within a structure were established, and the photon spectrum measured by detectors from outside the structure was simulated using the FLUKA Monte-Carlo code. Through training with spectrum data corresponding to various radioactivity distributions, an evaluation model for radioactivity using simulated data was developed by above Monte-Carlo simulation. Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer methods were utilized to establish the evaluation model. The machine learning construction involves 5425 simulation datasets, and 603 datasets, which were used to obtain the evaluated results. Preprocessing was applied to the datasets, but the evaluation model using raw spectrum data showed the best evaluation results. The estimation of the intensity and shape of the radioactivity distribution inside the structure was achieved with a relative error of 10%. Additionally, the evaluation based on the constructed model takes only a few seconds to complete the process.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be upgraded to Highluminosity LHC, increasing the number of simultaneous proton-proton collisions (pileup, PU) by several-folds. The harsher PU conditions lead to exponentially increasing combinatorics in charged particle tracking, placing a large demand on the computing resources. The projection on required computing resources exceeds the computing budget with the current algorithms running on single-thread CPUs. Motivated by the rise of heterogeneous computing in high-performance computing centers, we present Line Segment Tracking (LST), a highly parallelizeable algorithm that can run efficiently on GPUs and is being integrated to the CMS experiment central software. The usage of Alpaka framework for the algorithm implementation allows better portability of the code to run on different types of commercial parallel processors allowing flexibility on which processors to purchase for the experiment in the future. To verify a similar computational performance with a native solution, the Alpaka implementation is compared with a CUDA one on a NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPU. The algorithm creates short track segments in parallel, and progressively form higher level objects by linking segments that are consistent with genuine physics track hypothesis. The computing and physics performance are on par with the latest, multi-CPU versions of existing CMS tracking algorithms.

We report the measurements of branching fractions and $CP$ violation asymmetries in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{*}$ decays obtained in an angular analysis using the full data sample of $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We perform a partial wave analysis to distinguish among scalar [${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}(K\ensuremath{\pi}{)}_{0}^{*}$], vector [${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$] and tensor [${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}$] components, and determine the corresponding branching fractions to be $\mathcal{B}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}(K\ensuremath{\pi}{)}_{0}^{*}]=(4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, $\mathcal{B}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}]=(10.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ and $\mathcal{B}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}]=({5.5}_{\ensuremath{-}0.7}^{+0.9}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. We also measure the longitudinal polarization fraction ${f}_{L}$ in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}$ decays to be $0.499\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.030\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.018$ and ${0.918}_{\ensuremath{-}0.060}^{+0.029}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012$, respectively. The first quoted uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. In total, we measure 26 parameters related to branching fractions, polarization and $CP$ violation in the ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{*}$ system. No evidence for $CP$ violation is found.

We present a search for the decays of $B^0$ mesons into a final state containing a $\Lambda$ baryon and missing energy. These results are obtained from a $711\text{fb}^{-1}$ data sample that contains $772 \times 10^6$ $B{\kern 0.18em}\overline{\kern -0.18em B}$ pairs and was collected near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. We use events in which one $B$ meson is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode and require the remainder of the event to consist of only a single $\Lambda$. No evidence for these decays is found and we set $90\%$ confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range $2.1$-$3.8\times 10^{-5}$. This measurement provides the world's most restrictive limits, with implications for baryogenesis and dark matter production.

We report the results of a search for the decay B0→e+e−, μ+μ− and e±μ∓ based on an analysis of 78fb−1 of data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. No candidate events have been found. Upper limits on the branching fractions are calculated at the 90% confidence level: B(B0→e+e−)<1.9×10−7, B(B0→μ+μ−)<1.6×10−7, and B(B0→e±μ∓)<1.7×10−7. A limit on the Pati-Salam leptoquark mass MLQ>46TeV/c2 is obtained at the 90% confidence level.Received 24 September 2003DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.111101©2003 American Physical Society

We report new measurements of the decays B+-->rho+gamma, B0-->rho0gamma, and B0-->omegagamma using a data sample of 657x10(6) B meson pairs accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider. We measure branching fractions B(B+-->rho+gamma)=(8.7_-2.7-1.1;+2.9+0.9)x10(-7), B(B0-->rho0gamma)=(7.8_-1.6-1.0;+1.7+0.9)x10(-7), and B(B0-->omegagamma)=(4.0_-1.7;+1.9+/-1.3)x10(-7). We also report the isospin asymmetry Delta(rhogamma)=-0.48_-0.19-0.09;+0.21+0.08 and the first measurement of the direct CP-violating asymmetry ACP(B+-->rho+gamma)=-0.11+/-0.32+/-0.09, where the first and second errors are statistical and systematic, respectively.

We have made the first observation of B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)- decays using 23.6 fb(-1) of data recorded by the Belle experiment running on the Υ(5S) resonance. The branching fractions are measured to be B(B(s)(0)→D(s)+ D(s)-)=(1.03(-0.32-0.25)(+0.39+0.26))%, B(B(s)(0)→D(s)(*±) D(s)(∓))=(2.75(-0.71)(+0.83)±0.69)%, and B(B(s)(0)→D(s)*+ D(s)*-)=(3.08(-1.04-0.86)(+1.22+0.85))%; the sum is B[B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)-]=(6.85(-1.30-1.80)(+1.53+1.79))%. Assuming B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)- saturates decays to CP-even final states, the branching fraction determines the ratio ΔΓ(s)/cosφ, where ΔΓ(s) is the difference in widths between the two B(s)-B(s) mass eigenstates, and φ is a CP-violating weak phase. Taking CP violation to be negligibly small, we obtain ΔΓ(s)/Γ(s)=0.147(-0.030)(+0.036)(stat)(-0.041)(+0.042)(syst), where Γ(s) is the mean decay width.

We report a search for B 0 decays into invisible final states using a data sample of 657 × 10 6 BB pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e + e -collider.The signal is identified by fully reconstructing a hadronic decay of the accompanying B meson and requiring no other particles in the event.No significant signal is observed, and we obtain an upper limit of 1.3 × 10 -4 at the 90% confidence level for the branching fraction of invisible B 0 decay.

We report the measurement of $e^+e^- \to D^+_sD^*_{s2}(2573)^-+c.c.$ via initial-state radiation using a data sample of an integrated luminosity of 921.9 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ and nearby. We find evidence for an enhancement with a 3.4$\sigma$ significance in the invariant mass of $D^+_sD^*_{s2}(2573)^- +c.c.$ The measured mass and width are $(4619.8^{+8.9}_{-8.0}({\rm stat.})\pm2.3({\rm syst.}))~{\rm MeV}/c^{2}$ and $(47.0^{+31.3}_{-14.8}({\rm stat.})\pm4.6({\rm syst.}))~{\rm MeV}$, respectively. The mass, width, and quantum numbers of this enhancement are consistent with the charmonium-like state at 4626 MeV/$c^2$ recently reported by Belle in $e^+e^-\to D^+_sD_{s1}(2536)^-+c.c.$ The product of the $e^+e^-\to D^+_sD^*_{s2}(2573)^-+c.c.$ cross section and the branching fraction of $D^*_{s2}(2573)^-\to{\bar D}^0K^-$ is measured from $D^+_sD^*_{s2}(2573)^-$ threshold to 5.6 GeV.

The first measurements of differential branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic B→X_{u}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} decays are performed using the full Belle data set of 711 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity at the ϒ(4S) resonance and for ℓ=e, μ. With the availability of these measurements, new avenues for future shape-function model-independent determinations of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{ub}| can be pursued to gain new insights in the existing tension with respect to exclusive determinations. The differential branching fractions are reported as a function of the lepton energy, the four-momentum-transfer squared, light-cone momenta, the hadronic mass, and the hadronic mass squared. They are obtained by subtracting the backgrounds from semileptonic B→X_{c}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} decays and other processes, and corrected for resolution and acceptance effects.

We have searched for B_{s}^{0}->hh decays, where h stands for a charged or neutral kaon, or a charged pion. These results are based on a 23.6 fb^{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector on the \Upsilon(5S) resonance at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider, containing 1.25x10^6 B_{s}^{(*)}\bar{B}_{s}^{(*)} events. We observe the decay B_{s}^{0}->K^{+}K^{-} and measure its branching fraction, \mathcal{B}(B_{s}^{0}->K^{+}K^{-}) = [3.8_{-0.9}^{+1.0}(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.5(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.5(f_s)] \times 10^{-5}. The first error is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third error is due to the uncertainty in the B^0_s production fraction in $e^+e^-\to b\bar{b}$ events. No significant signals are seen in other decay modes, and we set upper limits at 90% confidence level: \mathcal{B}(B_{s}^{0}->K^-\pi^{+})< 2.6 \times 10^{-5}, \mathcal{B}(B_{s}^{0}->\pi^{+}\pi^{-})< 1.2 \times 10^{-5} and \mathcal{B}(B_{s}^{0}->K^0\bar{K}^0) < 6.6\times 10^{-5}.

We have searched for the lepton-flavor-violating decays τ−→ℓ−KS0 and ℓ−KS0KS0 (ℓ=e or μ), using a data sample of 671 fb−1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. No evidence for a signal was found in any of the decay modes, and we set the following upper limits for the branching fractions: B(τ−→e−KS0)<2.6×10−8, B(τ−→μ−KS0)<2.3×10−8, B(τ−→e−KS0KS0)<7.1×10−8 and B(τ−→μ−KS0KS0)<8.0×10−8 at the 90% confidence level.

Using a data sample of 980~fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider, we present evidence for the $\Omega(2012)^-$ in the resonant substructure of $\Omega_{c}^{0} \to \pi^+ (\bar{K}\Xi)^{-}$ ($(\bar{K}\Xi)^{-}$ = $K^-\Xi^0$ + $\bar{K}^0 \Xi^-$) decays. The significance of the $\Omega(2012)^-$ signal is 4.2$\sigma$ after considering the systematic uncertainties. The ratio of the branching fraction of $\Omega_{c}^{0} \to \pi^{+} \Omega(2012)^- \to \pi^+ (\bar{K}\Xi)^{-}$ relative to that of $\Omega_{c}^{0} \to \pi^{+} \Omega^-$ is calculated to be 0.220 $\pm$ 0.059(stat.) $\pm$ 0.035(syst.). The individual ratios of the branching fractions of the two isospin modes are also determined, and found to be ${\cal B}(\Omega_{c}^0 \to \pi^+ \Omega(2012)^-) \times {\cal B}(\Omega(2012)^- \to K^-\Xi^0)/{\cal B}(\Omega_{c}^0 \to \pi^+ K^- \Xi^0)$ = (9.6 $\pm$ 3.2(stat.) $\pm$ 1.8(syst.))\% and ${\cal B}(\Omega_{c}^0 \to \pi^+ \Omega(2012)^-) \times {\cal B}(\Omega(2012)^- \to \bar{K}^0 \Xi^-)/{\cal B}(\Omega_{c}^0 \to \pi^+ \bar{K}^0 \Xi^-)$ = (5.5 $\pm$ 2.8(stat.) $\pm$ 0.7(syst.))\%.

The processes $\gamma \gamma \to \omega \phi$, $\phi \phi$, and $\omega \omega$ are measured using an 870 fb$^{-1}$ data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. Production of vector meson pairs is clearly observed and their cross sections are measured for masses that range from threshold to 4.0 GeV. In addition to signals from well established spin zero and spin two charmonium states, there are clear resonant structures below charmonium threshold, which have not been previously observed. We report a spin-parity analysis for the new structures and determine the products of the $\etac$, $\chi_{c0}$, and $\chi_{c2}$ two-photon decay widths and branching fractions.

We report a search for $X(3872)$ and $X(3915)$ in $B^+ \to \chi_{c1} \pi^0 K^+$ decays. We set an upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to X(3872) K^+) \times \mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to \chi_{c1} \pi^0)$ $ < 8.1 \times 10^{-6}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to X(3915) K^+) \times \mathcal{B}(X(3915) \to \chi_{c1} \pi^0)$ $ < 3.8 \times 10^{-5}$ at 90\% confidence level. We also measure $\mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to \chi_{c1} \pi^0)/\mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to J/\psi \pi^+ \pi^-) < 0.97$ at 90\% confidence level. The results reported here are obtained from $772 \times 10^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ events collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider.

We report branching fraction measurements of four decay modes of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}$ baryon, each of which includes an $\ensuremath{\eta}$ meson and a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ baryon in the final state, and all of which are measured relative to the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decay mode. The results are based on a $980\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{f}{\mathrm{b}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. Two decays, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1670){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, are observed for the first time, while the measurements of the other decay modes, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}(1385{)}^{+}$, are more precise than those made previously. We obtain relative branching fractions of $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})/\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=0.293\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.014$, $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=0.120\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010$, $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1670){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1670)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}})/\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(5.54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.73)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, and $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}(1385{)}^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=0.192\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.016$. The mass and width of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1670)$ are also precisely determined to be $1674.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.9\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ and $36.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.

We present the first comprehensive tests of the universality of the light leptons in the angular distributions of semileptonic B^{0}-meson decays to charged spin-1 charmed mesons. We measure five angular-asymmetry observables as functions of the decay recoil that are sensitive to lepton-universality-violating contributions. We use events where one neutral B is fully reconstructed in ϒ(4S)→BB[over ¯] decays in data corresponding to 189 fb^{-1} integrated luminosity from electron-positron collisions collected with the Belle II detector. We find no significant deviation from the standard model expectations.

This study aims to gain insight into public perception of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict by analyzing tweets collected since March 2022. Text-mining techniques, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), are used to analyze high-frequency words in tweets and identify patterns. Additionally, clustering techniques such as K-means and Hierarchical-Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) are applied to dense tweet embeddings to create semantic topical groupings, which we compare to traditional topic modeling approaches using a coherence metric. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by identifying the commonly used terms, the meaningful topics, and the most discussed topic among tweets related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict to help gain a deeper understanding of public discourse on the conflict.

Using samples of 102 million Υ(1S) and 158 million Υ(2S) events collected with the Belle detector, we study exclusive hadronic decays of these two bottomonium resonances to the threebody final states φK + K -, ωπ + π -and K * 0 (892)K -π + , and to the two-body Vector-Tensor states (φf ′ 2 (1525), ωf2(1270), ρa2(1320) and K * 0 (892) K * 0 2 (1430)) and Axial-vector-Pseudoscalar (K1(1270) + K -, K1(1400) + K -and b1(1235) + π -) states.Signals are observed for the first time in the Υ(1S)2 and Υ(2S) → φK + K -, K * 0 K -π + decay modes.Branching fractions are determined for all the processes, while 90% confidence level upper limits are established on the branching fractions for the modes with a statistical significance less than 3σ.The ratios of the branching fractions of Υ(2S) and Υ(1S) decays into the same final state are used to test a perturbative QCD prediction for OZI suppressed bottomonium decays.

We have searched for the lepton-flavor-violating decay $B^{0}\to K^{\ast 0} \mu^{\pm} e^{\mp}$ using a data sample of 711 $fb^{-1}$ that contains $772 \times 10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs. The data were collected near the $\Upsilon (4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. No signals were observed, and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions of ${\cal B}(B^{0}\to K^{\ast 0} \mu^{+} e^{-})< 1.2\times 10^{-7}$, ${\cal B}(B^{0}\to K^{\ast 0} \mu^{-} e^{+})< 1.6\times 10^{-7}$, and, for both decays combined, ${\cal B}(B^{0}\to K^{\ast 0} \mu^{\pm} e^{\mp}) < 1.8\times 10^{-7}$. These are the most stringent limits on these decays to date.

Using data samples of $89.5\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $711.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and $121.4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at center-of-mass energies 10.52, 10.58, and 10.867 GeV, respectively, we study the exclusive reactions ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{cJ}$ ($J=0$, 1, 2) and ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$. A significant $\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}$ signal is observed for the first time at $\sqrt{s}=10.58\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ with a significance of $5.1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ including systematic uncertainties. No significant excesses for $\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ final states are found, and we set 90% credibility level upper limits on the Born cross sections (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{B}}$) at 10.52 GeV, 10.58 GeV, and 10.867 GeV. Together with cross sections measured by BESIII at lower center-of-mass energies, the energy dependency of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{B}}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1})$ is obtained.

We present an analysis of the exclusive ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ decay, where $\ensuremath{\ell}$ represents an electron or a muon, with the assumption of charge-conjugation symmetry and lepton universality. The study exploits the full $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ data sample collected by the Belle detector, corresponding to $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity. Events are selected by fully reconstructing one $B$ meson in hadronic decay modes, subsequently determining the properties of the other $B$ meson. We extract the signal yields using a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the missing-mass squared distribution in bins of the invariant mass of the two pions or the momentum transfer squared. We measure a total branching fraction of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})=[{22.7}_{\ensuremath{-}1.6}^{+1.9}(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5(\mathrm{syst})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This result is the first reported measurement of this decay.

Abstract Freshwater unionid mussels, Anodonta grandis grandis, were exposed in the laboratory to nominal [Cd] of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 50 ug/L to determine: 1) whether this species produces metallothionein (MT) in response to Cd exposure, 2) which body parts are involved in the production, and 3) the dose-response relationship between (MT] in body parts and the treatment [Cd] in the laboratory compared with that in a field population exposed to Cd. Background [MT], as µg MT/g wet weight, measured in mussels freshly collected from a pristine lake were: kidney, 38.9 &amp;gt; visceral mass, 15.0; foot, 13.7; gill, 12.5 &amp;gt; mantle, 3.4. After these mussels were exposed to Cd in the laboratory for 22 days, blood [Cd] in the 5–50 µg/L Cd exposures averaged 5.1, 7.1, 9.3 and 15.8 times, respectively, the blood [Cd] in the 0 µg/L treatment. After the 22-day exposure, only [MT] in gill showed a statistically significant relationship with treatment [Cd] indicating that MT was induced in response to Cd exposure. The [MT] in gill after 22 days exposure to 50 µg/L Cd was 24.2 µg/g, 72% higher than in mussels exposed for this period to 0 µg/L Cd. In comparison, [MT] in the gill of mussels collected from a whole lake receiving experimental additions of Cd over three ice-free seasons (epilimnetic means of 0.08, 0.05 and 0.1 µg/L Cd, respectively), was 36.5 ug/g after two seasons exposure and 35.0 µg/g after three seasons, indicating a many-fold greater response to water-borne Cd in the field compared with the laboratory. The other body parts in the mussels collected after three seasons in the Cd-treated lake also contained significantly greater [MT] (kidney, 118.3 µg MT/g; visceral mass, 36.3; foot, 26.0 and mantle, 9.5) than did those from the pristine lake. The field samples thus indicate that all these body parts produce MT in response to exposure to Cd.

We report on a search for the charmless decays $B^{+} \to\phi\pi^{+}$ and $B^{0} \to\phi \pi^{0}$ that are strongly suppressed in the Standard Model. The analysis is based on a data sample of $657 \times 10^6$ $B \bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. We find no significant signal and set upper limits of $3.3 \times 10^{-7}$ for $B^{+} \to \phi \pi^{+}$ and $1.5 \times 10^{-7}$ for $B^0 \to \phi \pi^0$ at the 90% confidence level.

We describe the design and expected performance of a the Fast Tracker Trigger (FTK) system for the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The FTK is a highly parallel hardware system designed to operate at the Level 1 trigger output rate. It is designed to provide global tracks reconstructed in the inner detector with resolution comparable to the full offline reconstruction as input of the Level 2 trigger processing. The hardware system is based on associative memories for pattern recognition and fast FPGAs for track reconstruction. The FTK is expected to dramatically improve the performance of track based isolation and b-tagging with little to no dependencies of pile-up interactions.

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.

We search for lepton-number- and baryon-number-violating decays ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{p}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $p{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $\overline{p}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $\overline{p}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$, $\overline{p}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and $p{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ using $921\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data, equivalent to $(841\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ events, recorded with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. In the absence of a signal, 90% confidence-level upper limits are set on the branching fractions of these decays in the range $(1.8\ensuremath{-}4.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$. We set the world's first limits on the first four channels and improve the existing limits by an order of magnitude for the last two channels.

Using 980 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ of data {collected} with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider, we report the measurements of the masses, and the first measurements of the instrinsic widths, of the $\Sigma_c(2455)^+$ and $\Sigma_c(2520)^+$ charmed baryons. We find $M(\Sigma_c(2455)^+)-M(\Lambda_c^+) = 166.17\pm 0.05^{+0.16}_{-0.07}\ {\rm MeV}/c^2$, $\Gamma(\Sigma_c(2455)^+) = 2.3 \pm 0.3 \pm 0.3\ {\rm MeV/c^2}$, $M(\Sigma_c(2520)^+)-M(\Lambda_c^+) = 230.9 \pm 0.5 ^{+0.5}_{-0.1}\ {\rm MeV}/c^2$, and $\Gamma(\Sigma_c(2520)^+) = 17.2^{+2.3\ +3.1}_{-2.1\ -0.7}\ {\rm MeV}/c^2$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These measurements can be used to test models of the underlying quark structure of the $\Sigma_c$ states.

The use of tracking information at the trigger level in the LHC Run II period is crucial for the trigger and data acquisition system and will be even more so as contemporary collisions that occur at every bunch crossing will increase in Run III. The Fast TracKer is part of the ATLAS trigger upgrade project; it is a hardware processor that will provide every Level-1 accepted event (100 kHz) and within 100μs, full tracking information for tracks with momentum as low as 1 GeV . Providing fast, extensive access to tracking information, with resolution comparable to the offline reconstruction, FTK will help in precise detection of the primary and secondary vertices to ensure robust selections and improve the trigger performance.

We report the results of a first search for a doubly charged $DDK$ bound state, denoted the ${R}^{++}$, in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)$ inclusive decays and via direct production in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=10.520$, 10.580, and 10.867 GeV. The search uses data accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. No significant signals are observed in the ${D}^{+}{D}_{s}^{*+}$ invariant-mass spectra of all studied modes. The 90% credibility level upper limits on their product branching fractions in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)$ inclusive decays ($\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S,\text{ }2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{R}^{++}+\text{anything})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{R}}^{++}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{D}}^{+}{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{s}}^{*+})$), the product values of Born cross section and branching fraction in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions ($\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{R}^{++}+\text{anything})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{R}}^{++}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{D}}^{+}{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{s}}^{*+})$) at $\sqrt{s}=10.520$, 10.580, and 10.867 GeV under different assumptions of ${R}^{++}$ masses varying from 4.13 to $4.17\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ and widths varying from 0 to 5 MeV are obtained.

Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-201317doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.119903View record in Web of Science Record created on 2014-08-29, modified on 2017-05-12

We report the first observation of the charmless two-body mode B±→ωK± decay, and a new measurement of the branching fraction for the B±→ωπ± decay. The measured branching fractions are B(B±→ωK±)=(9.2+2.6−2.3±1.0)×10−6 and B(B±→ωπ±)=(4.2+2.0−1.8±0.5)×10−6. We also measure the partial rate asymmetry of B±→ωK± decays and obtain ACP=−0.21±0.28±0.03. The results are based on a data sample of 29.4 fb−1 collected on the Υ(4S) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− collider.Received 5 July 2002DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.191801©2002 American Physical Society

We present a study of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{*+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$ decays based on a sample of $657\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We measure the branching fractions to be $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{*+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(1.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.34(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11(\mathcal{B}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+})=(2.02\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.33(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13(\mathcal{B}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, with significances of 6.1 and 8.0 standard deviations, respectively. The first uncertainty is statistical, the second is due to the experimental systematics, and the third is from uncertainties in the ${D}_{s}^{+}$ decay branching fractions. From our measurements, we obtain the most precise determination so far of ${R}_{{D}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}}$, where ${R}_{{D}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}}$ is the ratio between amplitudes of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and the Cabibbo-favored ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decay.

The kinematic properties of t¯t events are studied in the W+multijet channel using data collected with the CDF detector during the 1992–1995 runs at the Fermilab Tevatron collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 109 pb−1. Distributions of a variety of kinematic variables chosen to be sensitive to different aspects of t¯t production are compared with those expected from Monte Carlo calculations. A sample of 34 events rich in t¯t pairs is obtained by requiring at least one jet identified by the silicon vertex detector (SVX) as having a displaced vertex consistent with the decay of a b hadron. The data are found to be in good agreement with predictions of the leading order t¯t matrix element with color coherent parton shower evolution.Received 13 October 1998DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.092001©1999 American Physical Society

We report measurements of the decays B- -> Ds(*)+ K- l- nubar in a data sample containing 657x10^6 BBbar pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We observe a signal with a significance of 6 sigma for the combined Ds and Ds* modes and find the first evidence of the B- -> Ds+ K- l- nubar decay with a significance of 3.4 sigma. We measure the following branching fractions: BF(B- -> Ds+ K- l nubar) = (0.30 +/- 0.09(stat) +0.11 -0.08(syst)) x 10^-3 and BF(B- -> Ds*+ K- l- nubar) = (0.59 +/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.15(syst)) x 10^-3 and set an upper limit BF(B- -> Ds*+ K- l- nubar) < 0.56 x 10^-3 at the 90% confidence level. We also present the first measurement of the Ds+K- invariant mass distribution in these decays, which is dominated by a prominent peak around 2.6 GeV/c^2.

We report searches for ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\text{invisible}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\text{invisible}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays, where the energy of the photon is required to be larger than 0.5 GeV. These results are obtained from a $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs and was collected near the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We observe no significant signal for either decay and set upper limits on their branching fractions at 90% confidence level of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\text{invisible})&lt;7.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\text{invisible}+\ensuremath{\gamma})&lt;1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$.

We present an overview of future observational facilities that will significantly enhance our understanding of the fundamental nature of dark matter. These facilities span a range of observational techniques including optical/near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, measurements of the cosmic microwave background, pulsar timing, 21-cm observations of neutral hydrogen at high redshift, and the measurement of gravitational waves. Such facilities are a critical component of a multi-pronged experimental program to uncover the nature of dark matter, while often providing complementary measurements of dark energy, neutrino physics, and inflation.

Abstract Non-linear Lagrangian models that generalize chiral π-N Lagrangians are presented. Exact SL(4, C) or SL (12.C) invariance holds respectively in the cases of no internal symmetry and SU(3) symmetry in the limit of zero meson masses. Mesons are SU(4) or SU(12) multiplets.

We report measurements of time-dependent decay rates for B0→D∗∓π± decays and extraction of CP violation parameters related to ϕ3. We use a partial reconstruction technique, whereby signal events are identified using information only from the primary pion and the charged pion from the decay of the D∗∓. The analysis uses 140 fb−1 of data accumulated at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. We measure the CP violation parameters S+=0.035±0.041(stat)±0.018(syst) and S−=0.025±0.041(stat)±0.018(syst).

We report the results of a search for the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3872)(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The analysis is performed on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and containing $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs, collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider running at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance energy. We find no evidence for a signal and place an upper limit of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3872)\ensuremath{\gamma})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})&lt;5.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ at 90% confidence level.

Since the Medtronic CoreValve' (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN) gained commercial approval, there has been increased usage of the system for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).Prior studies report the incidence of post-CoreValve' permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) rates between 18% and 34%.However, populations implanted post-market approval (PMA) may have different risks from that in the United States Pivotal Trial, and the next generation Evolut' valve (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN) may have lower risks of PPI post TAVR.A single-center retrospective chart review of patients implanted with the CoreValve' PMA was compared with our single-center experience in United States Pivotal Trial from July 2011 to May 2016.The original CoreValve' population was also compared with patients receiving the newer Evolut' valve.Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of PPI.A total of 140 patients were included in this analysis, 113 with the CoreValve' and 27 with Evolut' valve.Patients undergoing PPI after CoreValve' were 81.2±8.9 years old and 51.4% male.Patients in the PMA and Evolut' groups were younger compared with the Pivotal Trial, and patients receiving the Evolut' valve were more likely female.The PPI rate in the total population was 39.3% (N ¼ 140).The PPI rate in the PMA group was 44.9% versus 40.0% in the Pivotal Trial group (p ¼ 0.63).In the Evolut' population, the PPI rate was 22.2% compared with 41.2% for the total CoreValve' population (p ¼ 0.04).Prior conduction disease and atrial fibrillation were found to be significant risk factors for pacemaker implantation (OR 2.62, p ¼ 0.04 and OR 2.29, p ¼ 0.05).There were no factors identified that were predictive of PPI within the comparison groups.Despite a more favorable risk profile in the PMA group, PPI remained comparable in the two groups implanted with the CoreValve' system.The Evolut' valve is associated with a lower rate of PPI.These findings suggest a more dominant impact of the TAVR procedure itself than patient risk factors when considering risk of conduction system injury.Patients eligible for surgical or percutaneous replacement should be counseled regarding risk regardless of age or other perceived favorable risk profiles.

Research Objectives To determine the efficacy of a hybrid model utilizing in-person and video visits for outpatient skilled therapies. Design Retrospective chart review of outpatient skilled therapy visits from 1/1/2019 to 2/1/2022. Percent achievement of short and long-term goals for patients undergoing a hybrid model vs a traditional in-person model of therapy will be assessed. Setting Ambulatory skilled therapy clinics. Participants Achievement of short-term goals (STG) and long-term goals (LTG) were documented in 81 unique patients undergoing ambulatory physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Percentage of short-term and long-term goals achieved. Results Preliminary results for documented short term goals demonstrate 57% achieved 100% of STG, 16% achieved 50-80%, and 27% achieved 25% or less goals. For documented long term goals 35% achieved 100%, 21% achieved for 50-80%, and 44% achieved 25% or less goals. Additionally, 16% of patients stopped skilled therapy early due to acute medical issues, insurance issues, or loss to follow-up and subsequently 11% had achieved 0% of long-term goals and 9% achieved 0% of short-term goals. Conclusions A hybrid model of skilled therapy utilizing both in-person and video visits appears to be effective with over half of patients being able to achieve 100% of their short-term goals. In future analysis a larger sample population will be included, comparison of goals achieved to a historical matched cohort and stratification of results by subtypes of skilled therapies. Author(s) Disclosures The authors have no disclosures. To determine the efficacy of a hybrid model utilizing in-person and video visits for outpatient skilled therapies. Retrospective chart review of outpatient skilled therapy visits from 1/1/2019 to 2/1/2022. Percent achievement of short and long-term goals for patients undergoing a hybrid model vs a traditional in-person model of therapy will be assessed. Ambulatory skilled therapy clinics. Achievement of short-term goals (STG) and long-term goals (LTG) were documented in 81 unique patients undergoing ambulatory physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy. Not applicable. Percentage of short-term and long-term goals achieved. Preliminary results for documented short term goals demonstrate 57% achieved 100% of STG, 16% achieved 50-80%, and 27% achieved 25% or less goals. For documented long term goals 35% achieved 100%, 21% achieved for 50-80%, and 44% achieved 25% or less goals. Additionally, 16% of patients stopped skilled therapy early due to acute medical issues, insurance issues, or loss to follow-up and subsequently 11% had achieved 0% of long-term goals and 9% achieved 0% of short-term goals. A hybrid model of skilled therapy utilizing both in-person and video visits appears to be effective with over half of patients being able to achieve 100% of their short-term goals. In future analysis a larger sample population will be included, comparison of goals achieved to a historical matched cohort and stratification of results by subtypes of skilled therapies.

Summary Since measurement noise is a substantial source of uncertainty in tomographic inversion, this study estimates measurement noise and evaluates its propagation on resistivity data inversion and model results. The observed and numerically simulated resistivity datasets are analyzed regarding noise distributions. The resistivity data are numerically generated by perturbing a dike conceptual model with 5% Gaussian noises, a considered measurement noise. However, the data are inverted by estimating 1%, 5%, and 15% noises to examine the noise estimation effect on model inversion. In addition, we evaluate observed data error using reciprocal measurements, showing a 5.3% error. Based on numerical and field data analysis, inversion for underestimated noise fail to achieve a good data fit and produces artifacts and rough image. On the other hand, inversion for overestimated noise displays a noticeable smooth model and reduces resolution. Inverting resistivity data for adequately estimated noise can reduce overfitting and underfitting data and gives a good quality model. Thus, estimating measurement noise in tomographic inversion can determine model accuracy.

Summary In recent years, Pingtung area management of groundwater resource has become an important issue to solve. In order to provide better information about groundwater hydrological structure of fan head of Pingtung plain. We conduct Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) survey for time-lapse monitoring of the groundwater level, and also attempt to estimate the specific yield. In 2019, 50 ERT profiles were carried out surrounding northern Pingtung Plan. Also, there is one local observation well, Pengcuo observation well, which can consider as the groundwater level control point in the study area. The ERT inverted results are combined with Van Genuchten model to estimate the specific yield and groundwater level of study area. And this hydrogeological parameter can be an important index to the groundwater resource potential.

Summary Understanding the subsurface geological condition is essential for groundwater investigation. The geophysical method is effectively applied to explore hydrogeological properties and structures. Among geophysical techniques, Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) is widely implemented. A TEM data is collected in the Choushui Rivier alluvial fan, Taiwan, to characterize the hydrogeological structures of the area. To identify boundaries, we implemented Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to the resistivity log data and considered it a guide for the inversion process. Available resistivity and lithology logs help us interpret the inverted TEM data confidently. The 1D resistivity model is consistent with the geophysical well-log resistivity and lithology logs. The shallow layer resistivity ranges from 30–40 ohm.m; inferred as a silt and clay layer. It is considered an impervious hydrogeological structure. The resistivity value of the model slightly increased starting from 60 m depth; it is likely associated with coarse sand and could be the potential aquifer unit of the area. Therefore, as evidenced by the consistency of the models with nearby available datasets, TEM is a powerful geophysical technique for hydrogeological investigations

Summary As the advance of various non-destructive geophysical exploration technologies, one would be able to establish the apparent model that can further show the features of the geological/hydrogeological models, instead of the conceptual model pictured from professional concept. We used the vast surface resistivity measurements collected in the past 40 years, as well as the limited borehole records to illustrate how to establish a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogeological apparent model. Core records from monitoring wells in the area were used for the training data to help determining the resistivity ranges of the gavel, sand, and muddy sediments in the coastal plain. These resistivity measurements were inverted and interpolated for rendering a three dimensional resistivity volume that represents the general resistivity distribution in the coastal-plain systems. The resistivity model was transferred into the formation factors (FI) model in order to take the groundwater conductivity into account. Lastly we transfer the FI model into the gravel-sand-clay apparent model with the classification criteria from previous petrophysical analysis. Because there are more resistivity measurements than the limited geological boreholes, the apparent model is better to represent the detailed sedimentary structures than the traditional over-simplified conceptual models.

We report measurements of the ratios of branching fractions for $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ and $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ relative to $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ decays with $\ensuremath{\ell}=e$, $\ensuremath{\mu}$. These results are obtained from a data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected near the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. Fully reconstructing both $B$ mesons in the event, we obtain $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}=(7.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14)%$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}=(6.78\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18)%$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}=(11.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23)%$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}=(9.50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.34)%$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(2.91\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26)%$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}=(3.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22)%$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}=(0.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.20)%$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})}=(1.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.27\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)%$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These are the most precise measurements of these branching fraction ratios to date. The invariant mass spectra of the $D\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${D}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}$, and $D\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ systems are studied, and the branching fraction products $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{2}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({D}_{2}^{*\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(0.157\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}_{0}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathcal{B}({\overline{D}}_{0}^{*0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(0.054\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.022\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}_{2}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({\overline{D}}_{2}^{*0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(0.163\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.011\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.008)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({D}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(0.306\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.050\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.029)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{1}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathcal{B}({D}_{1}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(0.206\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.068\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{2}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({D}_{2}^{*\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(0.051\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.040\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.010)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}_{1}^{0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({\overline{D}}_{1}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(0.249\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.023\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}_{1}^{\ensuremath{'}0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathcal{B}({\overline{D}}_{1}^{\ensuremath{'}0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(0.138\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.036\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}_{2}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({\overline{D}}_{2}^{*0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=(0.137\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.026\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.009)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}({D}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(0.102\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.013\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009)%$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}_{1}^{0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathcal{B}({\overline{D}}_{1}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(0.105\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.011\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009)%$, are extracted. This is the first observation of the decays $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}_{1}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ with ${D}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.