Nick Amin

The effects of geometrical parameters, relaxation time, impurity distance, incident optical intensity and electric strength on binding energy of an impurity situated in CdSe/ZnS CSQD embedded into three commonly used dielectric environments (SiO2, CFM and 2M2P) are reported in the present paper. By means of effective mass approximation, density matrix approach and variationnal technique, electronic states and corresponding wavefunctions are employed in order to investigate the impact of mentioned parameters on the real and imaginary parts of both third order (nonlinear) optical suscepetibility as well as the complex dielectric function. The results show the effect of impact of dielectric environment surrounded by the core/shell dot, the third order (nonlinear) coefficients of dot embedded with SiO2 is found to be largest, the peak amplitude of third order susceptibility is blue shifted with the enhancement of electric field, the peak value not only increases but also suffers red shift as the optical intensity is increased, the single peak is doubled as the optical intensity is enhanced and it is broadened and the reduction of peak values of real and imaginary parts of dielectric function is observed with the surrounding of dielectric matrices. The dielectric environment, external perturbation, optical intensity in addition to the geometrical confinement can improve the performance of the optical properties.

Effects due to magnetic field and the inner core size on the opto-electronic characters of impurity in the CdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dot are investigated. The magnetic field dependent ground state energies and the transition energies of donor impurity in the CdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dot are computed. The oscillator strength, linear, nonlinear and total absorption coefficient and the changes of refractive index are investigated for various values of magnetic field. The results show that the energy difference due to the ground and first excited states is much more sensitive to the strong confinement and the magnetic field. The maximum of absorption peak and the changes due to refractive index are found to enhance with the inclusion of impurity. These properties can be applied in different potential applications based on the intraband optical transitions.

Third order nonlinear optical susceptibility due to intersubband optical transition of an electron confined in a CdS/ZnS core-shell quantum dot is investigated for various sizes of core and shell radii in the presence of magnetic field. It is computed by employing the variational approach within the effective mass approximation and the two level density matrix method is applied to obtain the transition energy between two levels. The dependence on third order susceptibility of the incident light is investigated. The results show that the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility is blueshifted with the reduction of inner core radius for a constant outer radius and the same trend is observed with the decreasing outer shell radius. The resonant wavelength and the peak of third order susceptibility will be managed by the control over the structure of core-shell materials and the external perturbation.

Abstract This paper reports measurements of two-pion femtoscopic correlations in Be+Be collisions at a beam momentum of 150 $$A\,\hbox {GeV}\!/\!c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (energy available in the center-of-mass system for nucleon pair $$\sqrt{s_{\text {NN}}} = 16.84$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>NN</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>16.84</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV) by the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS accelerator. The obtained momentum space correlation functions can be well described by a Lévy distributed source model. The transverse mass dependence of the Lévy source parameters is presented, and their possible theoretical interpretations are discussed. The results show that the Lévy exponent $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> is approximately constant as a function of $$m_{\text {T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and far from both the Gaussian case of $$\alpha = 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> or the conjectured value at the critical endpoint, $$\alpha = 0.5$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The radius scale parameter R shows a slight decrease in $$m_{\text {T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , which can be explained as a signature of transverse flow. Finally, an approximately constant trend of the intercept parameter $$\lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> as a function of $$m_{\text {T}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> was observed, similar to previous NA44 S + Pb results (obtained with a Gaussian approximation, but unlike RHIC results).

As a result of the tremendous boost in computational power, the current prevalence of large bodies of data, and the growing power of data-driven algorithms, natural language processing (NLP) has recently experienced rapid progressions in multitudinous domains, one of which is aviation.In this study, we explore the current standing of NLP in aviation from the perspective of both research and industry.We identify safety reports analyses, aviation maintenance, and air traffic control as the three main focus areas of NLP research in aviation.We also list currently available NLP software and how they have been used in the aviation industry.Finally, we shed a spotlight on some of the existing challenges posed by the aviation domain on standard NLP techniques, discuss the current corresponding research efforts, and put forward our recommended research direction.

The critical point of strongly interacting matter is searched for at the CERN SPS by the NA61/SHINE experiment in central $^{40}$Ar +$^{45}$Sc collisions at 13$A$, 19$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, and 75$A$ GeV/$c$. The dependence of the second-order scaled factorial moments of proton multiplicity distributions on the number of subdivisions in transverse momentum space is measured. The intermittency analysis uses statistically independent data sets for every subdivision in transverse and cumulative-transverse momentum variables. The results obtained do not indicate the searched intermittent pattern. An upper limit on the fraction of correlated protons and the intermittency index is obtained based on a comparison with the Power-law Model.

Measurements of $K_S^0$ meson production via its $\pi^{+} \pi^{-}$ decay mode in inelastic $\textit{p+p}$ interactions at incident projectile momenta of 31, 40 and 80 GeV/$c$ ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7, 8.8$ and $12.3$ GeV, respectively) are presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Double-differential distributions were obtained in transverse momentum and rapidity. The mean multiplicities of $K_S^0$ mesons were determined to be $(5.95 \pm 0.19 (stat) \pm 0.22 (sys)) \times 10^{-2}$ at 31 GeV/$c$, $(7.61 \pm 0.13 (stat) \pm 0.31 (sys)) \times 10^{-2}$ at 40 GeV/$c$ and $(11.58 \pm 0.12 (stat) \pm 0.37 (sys)) \times 10^{-2}$ at 80 GeV/$c$. The results on $K^{0}_{S}$ production are compared with model calculations (Epos1.99, SMASH 2.0 and PHSD) as well as with published data from other experiments.

The process of image dehazing is known to have a significant impact in the field of computer vision. It has been found to have practical applications in various real-world scenarios, such as autonomous driving, surveillance, and the enhancement of outdoor images. This study tackles the challenge of image dehazing by introducing an approach that combines the dark channel prior (DCP) technique with type-2 fuzzy set theory. The objective of the proposed methodology is to improve the image quality by utilizing the I-Haze and O-Haze datasets, which encompass a compilation of hazy images captured under diverse environmental circumstances. In order to assess the efficacy of our approach, we employ various quality assessment metrics including Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Lightness Order Error (LOE), and Naturalness Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE). Our research contributes to advancing image dehazing techniques and their practical applications, across domains.

Abstract The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron studies the onset of deconfinement in strongly interacting matter through a beam energy scan of particle production in collisions of nuclei of varied sizes. This paper presents results on inclusive double-differential spectra, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions and mean multiplicities of $$\pi ^\pm $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , $$K^\pm $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , p and $$\bar{p}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:math> produced in $$^{40}\hbox {Ar+}^{45}\hbox {Sc}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>40</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>Ar+</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>45</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext>Sc</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> collisions at beam momenta of 13 A , 19 A , 30 A , 40 A , 75 A and 150 A $$\text{ Ge }\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text{ V }\!/\!c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>Ge</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The analysis uses the 10% most central collisions, where the observed forward energy defines centrality. The energy dependence of the $$K^\pm $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> / $$\pi ^\pm $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ratios as well as of inverse slope parameters of the $$K^\pm $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> transverse mass distributions are placed in between those found in inelastic $$p+p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and central Pb + Pb collisions. The results obtained here establish a system-size dependence of hadron production properties that so far cannot be explained either within statistical or dynamical models.

Recent progress in technology has altered the learning behaviours of students. It can easily be said that the improvements in technologies especially from the area of artificial intelligence and data mining can empower students to learn more efficiently, effectively, and contentedly. The purpose of this paper is aimed at developing a prediction model that gives a guide to the stakeholders likes university, student’s sponsor and parents that can monitor and interpret the on-going student’s performance. The proposed system will help the user to identify students who have a high risk or low risk to ending the semester with unsatisfactory results through discovering the essential features that can influence student’s academic performance. The methodology used were mixed method approach which is qualitative and quantitative. For the part of quantitative technique, the data set for this research will be collected from the academic records section. Meanwhile, the part of qualitative will go through a few main stages which are focused on developmental phase. The prediction model used in this research are RepTree, k-NN and Naïve Bayes. The finding states that RepTree had the highest accuracy compared to k-NN and Naïve Bayes techniques. It also suggests that the RepTree algorithm would be the best prediction model which has focused the research in term of developing the system of monitoring students’ academic performance at UPTM.

Using generative adversarial networks (GANs), we investigate the possibility of creating large amounts of analysis-specific simulated LHC events at limited computing cost. This kind of generative model is analysis specific in the sense that it directly generates the high-level features used in the last stage of a given physics analyses, learning the N-dimensional distribution of relevant features in the context of a specific analysis selection. We apply this idea to the generation of muon four-momenta in $Z \to \mu\mu$ events at the LHC. We highlight how use-case specific issues emerge when the distributions of the considered quantities exhibit particular features. We show how substantial performance improvements and convergence speed-up can be obtained by including regression terms in the loss function of the generator. We develop an objective criterion to assess the geenrator performance in a quantitative way. With further development, a generalization of this approach could substantially reduce the needed amount of centrally produced fully simulated events in large particle physics experiments.

The production of $K^{0}_{S}$ mesons in inelastic $\textit{p+p}$ collisions at beam momentum 158 GeV/c ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=17.3$ GeV) was measured with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Double-differential distributions were obtained in transverse momentum and rapidity. The mean multiplicity of $K^{0}_{S}$ was determined to be $0.162 \pm 0.001 (stat.) \pm 0.011 (sys.)$. The results on $K^{0}_{S}$ production are compared with model predictions (EPOS 1.99, SMASH 2.0, PHSD and UrQMD 3.4 models) as well as with published world data.

Using generative adversarial networks (GANs), we investigate the possibility of creating large amounts of analysis-specific simulated LHC events at limited computing cost. This kind of generative model is analysis specific in the sense that it directly generates the high-level features used in the last stage of a given physics analyses, learning the N-dimensional distribution of relevant features in the context of a specific analysis selection. We apply this idea to the generation of muon four-momenta in $Z \to \mu\mu$ events at the LHC. We highlight how use-case specific issues emerge when the distributions of the considered quantities exhibit particular features. We show how substantial performance improvements and convergence speed-up can be obtained by including regression terms in the loss function of the generator. We develop an objective criterion to assess the geenrator performance in a quantitative way. With further development, a generalization of this approach could substantially reduce the needed amount of centrally produced fully simulated events in large particle physics experiments.

Measurements of $K^{*}(892)^0$ resonance production via its $K^{+}\pi^{-}$ decay mode in inelastic $p+p$ collisions at beam momenta 40 and 80 GeV/$c$ ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.8$ and 12.3 GeV) are presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The \textit{template} method was used to extract the $K^{*}(892)^0$ signal. Transverse momentum and rapidity spectra were obtained. The mean multiplicities of $K^{*}(892)^0$ mesons were found to be $(35.1 \pm 1.3 \mathrm{(stat)} \pm 3.6 \mathrm{(sys)) \cdot 10^{-3}}$ at 40 GeV/$c$ and $(58.3 \pm 1.9 \mathrm{(stat)} \pm 4.9 \mathrm{(sys)) \cdot 10^{-3}}$ at 80 GeV/$c$. The NA61/SHINE results are compared with the EPOS1.99 and Hadron Resonance Gas models as well as with world data. The transverse mass spectra of $K^{*}(892)^0$ mesons and other particles previously reported by NA61/SHINE were fitted within the Blast-Wave model. The transverse flow velocities are close to 0.1--0.2 of the speed of light and are significantly smaller than the ones determined in heavy nucleus-nucleus interactions at the same beam momenta.

UnROOT.jl is a pure Julia implementation of CERN's ROOT (Brun & Rademakers, 1997) file I/O (.root) software, which is fast and memory-efficient, and composes well with Julia's high-performance iteration, array, and multi-threading interfaces.

Dehazing refers to the methods designed for haze removal from the videos to increase visibility of objects. Dark Channel Prior (DCP) approach and haze veil analysis approach are two popular methods in the literature for haze removal. The DCP approach to remove haze from video frames is employed in his paper. The quality of the haze removed frames is increased by sharpening the edges of the objects in the image by using type-2 fuzzy sets. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) parameters are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Video samples are gathered from the Kaggle dataset, with a particular emphasis on the vehicle objects in the scene. Results obtained after applying the proposed approach to several video frames show the efficacy of the method compared to other dehazing approaches.

Abstract Double-differential yields of $${\Xi \left( 1530\right) ^{0}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Ξ</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>1530</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $${\overline{\Xi }\left( 1530\right) ^{0}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>Ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:msup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>1530</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> resonances produced in p+p interactions were measured at a laboratory beam momentum of 158 $$\text{ GeV }\!/\!c$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . This measurement is the first of its kind in p+p interactions below LHC energies. It was performed at the CERN SPS by the NA61/SHINE collaboration. Double-differential distributions in rapidity and transverse momentum were obtained from a sample of $$26\times 10^6$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>26</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> inelastic events. The spectra are extrapolated to full phase space resulting in mean multiplicity of $${\Xi \left( 1530\right) ^{0}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Ξ</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>1530</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ( $$6.73 \pm 0.25\pm 0.67)\times 10^{-4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>6.73</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.67</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $${\overline{\Xi }\left( 1530\right) ^{0}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>Ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:msup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>1530</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ( $$2.71 \pm 0.18\pm 0.18)\times 10^{-4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2.71</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.18</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.18</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The rapidity and transverse momentum spectra and mean multiplicities were compared to predictions of string-hadronic and statistical model calculations.

Two related searches for Standard Model and inclusive beyond the StandardModel physics with a final state containing a pair of same-charged leptonsand jets are performed using a sample of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV data corresponding to anintegrated luminosity of 137~fb${}^{-1}$, collected by the CMS detector between 2016and 2018. The inclusive search observes no excess above the Standard Modeland thus places constraints on supersymmetric models with pair production ofgluinos and squarks. Gluino masses are excluded up to 2.1 TeV, while top andbottom squarks are excluded up to 0.9 TeV. The Standard Model search measuresthe cross-section of the production of four top quarks using both cut-basedand multivariate approaches. The observed (expected) significance of themultivariate approach is 2.6 (2.7) standard deviations, with a measuredcross-section of $12.6^{+5.8}_{-5.2}$ fb, consistent with the Standard Modelprediction of $12.0^{+2.2}_{-2.5}$ fb. These results are translated intoconstraints on the Yukawa coupling of the top quark, heavy scalar orpseudoscalar production in a type II 2HDM scenario or models of dark matter,couplings between the top quark and new light particles, andthe Higgs boson oblique parameter.

Double-differential yields of $\Xi\left(1530\right)^{0}$ and $\overline{\Xi}\left(1530\right)^{0}$ resonances produced in p+p interactions were measured at a laboratory beam momentum of 158 \GeVc. This measurement is the first of its kind in p+p interactions below LHC energies. It was performed at the CERN SPS by the NA61/SHINE collaboration. Double-differential distributions in rapidity and transverse momentum were obtained from a sample of 26$\cdot$10$^6$ inelastic events. The spectra are extrapolated to full phase space resulting in mean multiplicity of $\Xi\left(1530\right)^{0}$ (8.43 $\pm$ 0.62 $\pm$ 0.89)$\times10^{-4}$ and $\overline{\Xi}\left(1530\right)^{0}$ (2.99 $\pm$ 0.35 $\pm$ 0.32)$\times10^{-4}$. The rapidity and transverse momentum spectra and mean multiplicities were compared to predictions of string-hadronic and statistical model calculations.