Michael Henry Schmitt

The "Snowmass Points and Slopes" (SPS) are a set of benchmark points and parameter lines in the MSSM parameter space corresponding to different scenarios in the search for Supersymmetry at present and future experiments. This set of benchmarks was agreed upon at the 2001 "Snowmass Workshop on the Future of Particle Physics" as a consensus based on different existing proposals.

A comprehensive review of physics at an e+e- Linear Collider in the energy range of sqrt{s}=92 GeV--3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low energy as well as astroparticle physics.The report focuses in particular on Higgs boson, Top quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the Standard Model physics such as Supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analyzed as well.

Buildings are essential components of urban areas. While research on the extraction and 3D reconstruction of buildings is widely conducted, information on the fine-grained roof types of buildings is usually ignored. This limits the potential of further analysis, e.g., in the context of urban planning applications. The fine-grained classification of building roof types from satellite images is a highly challenging task due to ambiguous visual features within the satellite imagery. The lack of corresponding fine-grained building classification datasets further increases the difficulty.

<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> In a pivotal phase 3 trial of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with letermovir for up to 100 days after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), 12% of participants developed clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection after letermovir was discontinued. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extending the duration of letermovir prophylaxis for clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection from 100 days to 200 days following HSCT. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at 32 sites in six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the USA). Cytomegalovirus‑seropositive HSCT recipients (aged ≥18 years) who had received letermovir prophylaxis for up to 100 days following HSCT and who remained at high risk of late clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection (with no previous history of clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection, defined as initiation of pre-emptive therapy for documented cytomegalovirus viraemia, onset of cytomegalovirus end-organ disease, or both) were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either an additional 100 days (ie, a total of 200 days; letermovir group) of oral or intravenous letermovir 480 mg once daily, adjusted to 240 mg once daily for participants on cyclosporin A, or 100 days of a placebo comparator for letermovir (ie, a total of 100 days of letermovir; placebo group), following HSCT. Randomisation was done using a central interactive response technology system, stratified by study centre and haploidentical donor (yes or no). Participants, investigators, and sponsor personnel were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of participants from randomisation to week 28 (200 days after HSCT) with clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection, analysed using the full analysis set population (ie, those who received at least one dose of study intervention). Safety was analysed in all participants as treated (ie, those who received at least one dose according to the study intervention they were assigned to). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03930615, and is complete. <h3>Findings</h3> Between June 21, 2019, and March 16, 2022, 255 patients were screened for eligibility and 220 (86%) were randomly assigned (145 [66%] in the letermovir group and 75 [34%] in the placebo group). Between randomisation and week 28, four (3%) of 144 participants in the letermovir group and 14 (19%) of 74 in the placebo group developed clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection (treatment difference −16·1% [95% CI −25·8 to −6·5]; p=0·0005). The most common adverse events among participants in the letermovir group versus the placebo group were graft-versus-host disease (43 [30%] <i>vs</i> 23 [31%]), diarrhoea (17 [12%] <i>vs</i> nine [12%]), nausea (16 [11%] <i>vs</i> 13 [18%]), pyrexia (13 [9%] <i>vs</i> nine [12%]), and decreased appetite (six [4%] <i>vs</i> nine [12%]). The most frequently reported serious adverse events were recurrent acute myeloid leukaemia (six [4%] <i>vs</i> none) and pneumonia (three [2%] <i>vs</i> two [3%]). No deaths were considered to be drug-related by the investigator. <h3>Interpretation</h3> Extending the duration of letermovir prophylaxis to 200 days following HSCT is efficacious and safe in reducing the incidence of late clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection in patients at risk. <h3>Funding</h3> Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC.

Despite the frequent claims of the superiority of interdisciplinary teams over more usual care patterns, systematic studies of the effectiveness of geriatric interdisciplinary teams are rare. Illustrated by a review of recent studies are the difficult conceptual and methodological problems encountered by investigators. Such problems include those of basic research design, construct validity, populations targeted, and outcomes measured. Finally, future research directions are suggested.

The measurement of the invisible Z-boson decay width at ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ colliders can be done ``indirectly,'' by subtracting the Z-boson visible partial widths from the Z-boson total width, or ``directly,'' from the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}.$ Both procedures are sensitive to different types of new physics and provide information about the couplings of the neutrinos to the Z boson. At present, measurements at CERN LEP and CHARM II are capable of constraining the left-handed $Z\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ coupling, $0.45\ensuremath{\lesssim}{g}_{L}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.5,$ while the right-handed one is only mildly bounded, $|{g}_{R}|<~0.2.$ We show that measurements at a future ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ linear collider at different center-of-mass energies, $\sqrt{s}{=m}_{Z}$ and $\sqrt{s}\ensuremath{\approx}170\mathrm{GeV},$ would translate into a markedly more precise measurement of the $Z\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ couplings. A statistically significant deviation from standard model predictions will point toward different new physics mechanisms, depending on whether the discrepancy appears in the direct or the indirect measurement of the invisible Z width. We discuss some scenarios which illustrate the ability of different invisible Z-boson decay measurements to constrain new physics beyond the standard model.

2001 Background: Hot-spot point mutations in the gene for isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1R132H) are a frequent founder event in gliomas and other tumors. Preclinical studies have defined IDH1R132H as a clonal neoantigen presented on MHC class II to induce tumor-specific therapeutic T helper cell responses. Methods: NOA-16 (NCT02454634) is a first-in-man, multicenter, phase I trial, which enrolled 33 patients with newly diagnosed WHO °III and °IV astrocytomas with IDH1R132H mutations. After completion of radiochemotherapy a total of eight vaccinations with an IDH1R132H peptide in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant produced at a central GMP site was to be administered subcutaneously with topical imiquimod over a period of 32 weeks together with maintenance temozolomide. The primary end points were safety and immunogenicity. Results: The safety dataset comprised 249 vaccines administered to 32 patients. One patient withdrew after screening. 29 patients received all eight vaccines. Vaccine-related adverse events (AE) were restricted to grade 1 reactions, according to common toxicity criteria for AE(CTCAE v4.0). Two serious AE were observed in two patients; one probably related to the peptide vaccine. 28/30 patients (93.3%) evaluable for immunogenicity displayed IDH1R132H-specific T cellular (detected by ELISPOT assays in 24/30 (80%)) or humoral (detected by ELISA in 26/30 patients (87%)) immune responses not detectable before vaccination. Until end of study (EOS, week 32), 4/32 (12.5 %) patients had progressive disease (PD) according to RANO criteria, all other patients (N = 28, 87.5%) had stable disease (SD). 12/32 (37.5%) patients displayed pseudoprogressions. Single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing allowed for the identification of IDH1R132H-specific TCRs. Conclusions: NOA-16 met its primary endpoints by demonstrating safety and immunogenicity of a mutation-specific IDH1R132H peptide vaccine. Pseudoprogressions observed after the initiation of the vaccine may indicate intratumoral immune reactions warranting further development, including TCR cell therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02454634.

Clouds and haze often occlude optical satellite images, hindering continuous, dense monitoring of the Earth’s surface. Although modern deep learning methods can implicitly learn to ignore such occlusions, explicit cloud removal as pre-processing enables manual interpretation and allows training models when only few annotations are available. Cloud removal is challenging due to the wide range of occlusion scenarios—from scenes partially visible through haze, to completely opaque cloud coverage. Furthermore, integrating reconstructed images in downstream applications would greatly benefit from trustworthy quality assessment. In this paper, we introduce UnCRtainTS, a method for multi-temporal cloud removal combining a novel attention-based architecture, and a formulation for multivariate uncertainty prediction. These two components combined set a new state-of-the-art performance in terms of image reconstruction on two public cloud removal datasets. Additionally, we show how the well-calibrated predicted uncertainties enable a precise control of the reconstruction quality.

Starting from a sample of four million hadronic Z decays collected with the ALEPH detector at LEP, 404 charged and neutral B mesons are fully reconstructed and used to look for resonant structure in the Bπ system. An excess of events is observed above the expected background in the Bπ mass spectrum at a mass ≈5.7 GeV/c2, consistent with the production and decay to B(∗)π of the B∗∗ states predicted by Heavy Quark Symmetry (HQS). In the framework of HQS, it is found that the mass of the B2∗ state is (5739+8−11(stat)+6−4(syst))MeV/c2 and the relative production rate of the B∗∗ system is BR(b→B∗∗→B(∗)π)/BR(b→Bu,d)=(31±9(stat)+6−5(syst))%. In the same sample of B mesons, significant Bπ± charge-flavour correlations are observed, which may prove important for tagging the initial B state in future CP violation studies.

The discovery of neutrino oscillations invites many fundamental physics questions that have yet to be answered. Two of these questions are simple, easy to state, and essential: What are the values of the neutrino masses? Are neutrinos Majorana fermions? The reason we don't know the answer to those questions is that it is difficult to measure neutrino properties outside of the ultrarelativistic regime. We discuss the physics of $e\gamma\to e\nu\bar{\nu}$ near threshold, where one has access to nonrelativistic neutrinos and only nonrelativistic neutrinos. Near threshold, $e\gamma\to e\nu\bar{\nu}$ is a rich phenomenon and its cross section is sensitive to the individual values of the neutrino masses and the nature of the neutrinos. We show that if one could scan the threshold region, it would be simple to identify the mass of the lightest neutrino, the neutrino mass ordering, and whether the neutrinos are Majorana fermions. In practice, however, event rates are tiny and backgrounds are huge; the observation of $e\gamma\to e\nu\bar{\nu}$ in the sub-eV regime appears to be utterly inaccessible in the laboratory. Our results, nonetheless, effectively illustrate the discriminatory power of nonrelativistic neutrino observables.

Fully automatic large-scale land cover mapping belongs to the core challenges addressed by the remote sensing community. Usually, the basis of this task is formed by (supervised) machine learning models. However, in spite of recent growth in the availability of satellite observations, accurate training data remains comparably scarce. On the other hand, numerous global land cover products exist and can be accessed often free-of-charge. Unfortunately, these maps are typically of a much lower resolution than modern day satellite imagery. Besides, they always come with a significant amount of noise, as they cannot be considered ground truth, but are products of previous (semi-)automatic prediction tasks. Therefore, this paper seeks to make a case for the application of weakly supervised learning strategies to get the most out of available data sources and achieve progress in high-resolution large-scale land cover mapping. Challenges and opportunities are discussed based on the SEN12MS dataset, for which also some baseline results are shown. These baselines indicate that there is still a lot of potential for dedicated approaches designed to deal with remote sensing-specific forms of weak supervision.

Biophotonic multimodal imaging techniques provide deep insights into biological samples such as cells or tissues. However, the measurement time increases dramatically when high-resolution multimodal images (MM) are required. To address this challenge, mathematical methods can be used to shorten the acquisition time for such high-quality images. In this research, we compared standard methods, e.g., the median filter method and the phase retrieval method via the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm with artificial intelligence (AI) based methods using MM images of head and neck tissues. The AI methods include two approaches: the first one is a transfer learning-based technique that uses the pre-trained network DnCNN. The second approach is the training of networks using augmented head and neck MM images. In this manner, we compared the Noise2Noise network, the MIRNet network, and our deep learning network namely incSRCNN, which is derived from the super-resolution convolutional neural network and inspired by the inception network. These methods reconstruct improved images using measured low-quality (LQ) images, which were measured in approximately 2 seconds. The evaluation was performed on artificial LQ images generated by degrading high-quality (HQ) images measured in 8 seconds using Poisson noise. The results showed the potential of using deep learning on these multimodal images to improve the data quality and reduce the acquisition time. Our proposed network has the advantage of having a simple architecture compared with similar-performing but highly parametrized networks DnCNN, MIRNet, and Noise2Noise.

In order to gain a better understanding of disturbances (i.e., anthropogenic pressure) in our environment, researchers have worked on methods for the mapping of wilderness areas given their crucial role in providing native habitat for many species, which are often endangered. In this work, we formulate the wilderness mapping task as a supervised learning problem. We focus on the joint use of potentially complementary features provided by multi-modal input data. Until now, the individual influences of different input modalities on the decision of a deep neural network have largely remained unclear. Therefore, we develop a framework for the modality-level interpretation of multi-modal Earth observation data in an end-to-end fashion. While leveraging an explainable machine learning method, namely Occlusion Sensitivity Maps, the proposed framework investigates the influence of modalities in an early-fusion setting, i.e. the modalities are fused before the learning process. With respect to the application, our results indicate that auxiliary data such as land cover and nighttime light data are important sources for the accurate classification of wilderness areas and the influence of a modality increases with the increasing number of spectral channels.

The deep learning-based estimation of topographic heights from single remote sensing images has shown great potential in recent years. Drawing inspiration from the computer vision task of single image depth estimation, the translation from the input remote sensing image to a height image via convolutional neural networks lies at the core of the approaches published so far. Most of the existing works, however, neglect the fact that remote sensing data comes from well-calibrated sensors carried by satellites flying in well-controlled orbits. Thus, a lot of high-quality meta-information is available for most remote sensing images, which can be used to provide the pure deep neural network with physically meaningful auxiliary information. This holds particularly for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors, which use active imaging technology and are thus largely independent from external conditions. In this paper, we investigate whether the inclusion of the radar viewing angle, which is a critical sensor parameter in SAR imaging, provides a benefit for deep learning-based single-image height estimation from VHR SAR data.

Searches for supersymmetric particles in channels with one or more photons and missing energy have been performed with data collected by the ALEPH detector at LEP. The data consist of 11.1 pb-1 at $\sqrt{s} = 161 GeV$, 1.1 pb-1 at 170 GeV and 9.5 pb-1 at 172 GeV. The e+e- -> nunu+photon cross section is measured. The data are in good agreement with predictions based on the Standard Model, and are used to set upper limits on the cross sections for anomalous photon production. These limits are compared to two different SUSY models and used to set limits on the neutralino mass. A limit of 71 GeV/c^2 at 95% C.L. is set on the mass of the lightest neutralino ($\tau_{\chi_{1}^{0}} \leq $ 3 ns) for the gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking and LNZ models.

This report, as part of the 2021 Snowmass Process, summarizes the current status of collider physics at the Energy Frontier, the broad and exciting future prospects identified for the Energy Frontier, the challenges and needs of future experiments, and indicates high priority research areas.

Received 12 January 1998DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2020©1998 American Physical Society

The goal of the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is to search for charged-lepton flavor violation by looking for neutrino-less muon to electron conversion in the field of the nucleus. The Mu2e experimental apparatus utilizes a complex magnetic field in the muon generation and momentum and charge selection process. Precise knowledge of the magnetic field is crucial. It is planned to map the solenoid field with calibrated three-dimensional (3-D) Hall probes up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> accuracy. This article describes a new design of a Hall probe calibration system that will be used to calibrate 3-D Hall probes to better than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> accuracy for the Mu2e solenoid field mapping system.

An improved measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry in Z→bb̄ decays is presented, based on a sample of 4.1 million hadronic Z decays collected by ALEPH between 1991 and 1995. Data are analysed as a function of polar angle of the event axis and b purity. The event tagging efficiency and mean b-jet hemisphere charge are measured directly from data. From the measured forward-backward jet charge asymmetry, the b quark asymmetry at s=mZ is determined to be: AbFB=0.1017±0.0038(stat.)±0.0032(syst.). In the context of the Standard Model this corresponds to a value of the effective weak mixing angle of sin2θWeff=0.23109±0.00096.

The LHC experiments have measured the branching fraction for $Z$ decays to four leptons (electrons or muons). We have combined these measurements with the result $\mathcal{B}(Z \to 4\ell) = (4.58 \pm 0.26) \times 10^{-6}$, allowing a precise comparison to the standard model prediction of $(4.70 \pm 0.03) \times 10^{-6}$. We use a minimal extension of the standard model to demonstrate that this combined value may be used to set stringent limits on new physics.

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab plans to search for charged-lepton flavor violations by looking for neutrino-less muon to electron conversions in the field of the nucleus. A complex solenoid system and precise knowledge of its magnetic field play a major role in the experimental approach Mu2e has chosen. It is essential to map the solenoid field up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> accuracy. This article describes the design of the Field Mapping System Mu2e will use to measure the magnetic field. Two different mechanical mapper systems, a survey-based position determination of the in-house calibrated three-dimensional Hall probes, a motion control system, and a data acquisition and readout system are presented.

Abstract. Changes in precipitation variability are known to influence grassland growth. Field measurements of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in temperate grasslands suggest that both positive and negative asymmetric responses to changes in precipitation may occur. Under normally variable precipitation regimes, wet years typically result in ANPP gains being larger than ANPP declines in dry years (positive asymmetry), whereas increases in ANPP are lower in magnitude in extreme wet years compared to reductions during extreme drought (negative asymmetry). Whether ecosystem models that couple carbon-water system in grasslands are capable of simulating these non-symmetrical ANPP responses is an unresolved question. In this study, we evaluated the simulated responses of temperate grassland primary productivity to scenarios of altered precipitation with fourteen ecosystem models at three sites, Shortgrass Steppe (SGS), Konza Prairie (KNZ) and Stubai Valley meadow (STU), spanning a rainfall gradient from dry to moist. We found that: (1) Gross primary productivity (GPP), NPP, ANPP and belowground NPP (BNPP) showed concave-down nonlinear response curves to altered precipitation in all the models, but with different curvatures and mean values. (2) The slopes of spatial relationships (across sites) between modeled primary productivity and precipitation were steeper than the temporal slopes obtained from inter-annual variations, consistent with empirical data. (3) The asymmetry of the responses of modeled primary productivity under normal inter-annual precipitation variability differed among models, and the median of the model-ensemble suggested a negative asymmetry across the three sites, in contrast to empirical studies. (4) The median sensitivity of modeled productivity to rainfall consistently suggested greater negative impacts with reduced precipitation than positive effects with increased precipitation under extreme conditions. This study indicates that most models overestimate the extent of negative drought effects and/or underestimate the impacts of increased precipitation on primary productivity under normal climate conditions, highlighting the need for improving eco-hydrological processes in models.

The e+e−→W+W− cross section is measured in a data sample collected by ALEPH at a mean centre-of-mass energy of 172.09 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.65 pb−1. Cross sections are given for the three topologies, fully leptonic, semi-leptonic and hadronic of a W-pair decay. Under the assumption that no other decay modes are present, the W-pair cross section is measured to be 11.7±1.2(stat.)±0.3(syst.)pb. The existence of the triple gauge boson vertex of the Standard Model is clearly preferred by the data. The decay branching ratio of the W boson into hadrons is measured to be B(W→hadrons)=67.7±3.1(stat.)±0.7(syst.)%, allowing a determination of the CKM matrix element |Vcs|=0.98±0.14(stat.)±0.03(syst.).

The increase of Computed Tomography (CT) as an applicable metrology and Non Destructive Testing (NDT) method raises interest on developing the application fields to larger objects, which were rarely used in the past due to their requirements on the imaging system. Especially the classical X-ray generation techniques based on standard equipment restricted the applications of CT to typical material penetration lengths of only a few cm of steel. Even with accelerator technology that offers a suitable way to overcome these restrictions just the 2D radioscopy technique found a widespread application. Beside the production and detection of photons in the MeV range itself, the achievable image quality is limited using standard detectors due to the dominating absorption effect of Compton Scattering at high energies. Especially for CT reconstruction purposes these effects have to be considered on the development path from 2D to 3D imaging. Most High Energy CT applications are therefore based on line detectors shielding scattered radiation to a maximum with an increase in imaging quality but with time consuming large volume scan capabilities. In this contribution we present the High-Energy X-ray Imaging project at the Fraunhofer Development Centre for X-ray Technology with the characterization and the potential of the CT-system according to metrological and other application capabilities.

Machine hours of CT systems are limited. They are even shortened by setup and configuration efforts, training of unexperienced staff or maintenance of high performance components. The parameter choice for high quality scans, on the other hand, requires practical experience. It was shown that X-ray simulation is suitable for the optimization of trajectories and for the determination of the expected measurement uncertainty. Our objective is hence to maximize the available machine hours by creating a digital twin of the CT system. For that purpose, we designed a smart architectonical concept for the control of both, the real CT system and the digital twin. The approach is designed to simplify and accelerate the workflow during CT application.

Air temperature and relative humidity affect both the emanation of the biogenic volatile organic compounds characterizing the scent of target species on which conservation detection dogs (CDDs) are trained on, as well as their physiological state and may thus affect their ability to reliably detect these target scents. While field studies increasingly monitor and account for environmental conditions, a systematic assessment of how air temperature and relative humidity affect the performance of CDDs under controlled conditions is missing. To overcome this limitation, seven CDDs were exposed to a wide range of simulated air temperature and relative humidity combinations in a controlled climate chamber setting and their ability to detect four target scents was quantified in a standardized fashion. Limited by replication, we found only weak statistical evidence for temperature and relative humidity to affect the performance of CDDs. Diagnostic sensitivity tended to decrease at lower temperatures, while diagnostic specificity decreased at higher temperatures, which we hypothesize to reflect reduced scent production at lower and increasing physiological stress at higher temperatures, respectively. Statistical evidence for effects on relative humidity were weaker and less consistent compared to temperature. Generally, significant differences were observed between individual CDDs and target scents and interactions between these, which may have contributed to the observed limited statistical evidence and calls for better replication in future research. We conclude that air temperature and relative humidity affect CDD performance in complex ways and should thus be monitored and, to the degree that this is feasible, controlled for during field surveys.

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 110K, Supplementary figure 1 Apoptosis of PRAME-high AML cells in response to ATRA treatment. Supplementary figure 2 PRAME overexpression in PRAME-low KG1 cells impacts cell numbers following treatment with ATRA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 72K, RNAi PRAME&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 51K, MSigDB RNAi PRAME&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 120K, Class Comparison PRAME&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 77K, RNAi ATRA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 102K, MSigDB RNAi ATRA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 52K, MSigDB RNAi PRAME C2-C4&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 42K, HD98B sample overview.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) without retinoic acid receptor (RAR) rearrangement, the effect of all-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-retinoic acid (ATRA) is still poorly understood despite an association of &lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;/i&gt; mutation and ATRA response. Recently, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has been shown to be a dominant repressor of RAR signaling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Thus, we further investigated ATRA response mechanisms, especially the impact of PRAME expression on ATRA responsiveness. We profiled gene expression in diagnostic samples derived from our AML HD98B trial, in which ATRA was administered in addition to intensive chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Our data revealed a &lt;i&gt;PRAME&lt;/i&gt; expression-associated gene pattern to be significantly enriched for genes involved in the retinoic acid metabolic process. In leukemia cell line models, we could show that retinoic acid-regulated cell proliferation and differentiation are impacted by &lt;i&gt;PRAME&lt;/i&gt; expression. In patients with primary AML, repressor activity of high-PRAME levels might be overcome by the addition of ATRA as indicated by better outcome in 2 independent studies (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.029).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; PRAME seems to impair differentiation and to increase proliferation likely via blocking RAR signaling, which might be reversed by ATRA. &lt;i&gt;PRAME&lt;/i&gt; therefore represents a promising target for both ATRA treatment and possibly future immunotherapeutic approaches in AML. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2562–71. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) without retinoic acid receptor (RAR) rearrangement, the effect of all-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-retinoic acid (ATRA) is still poorly understood despite an association of &lt;i&gt;NPM1&lt;/i&gt; mutation and ATRA response. Recently, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has been shown to be a dominant repressor of RAR signaling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Thus, we further investigated ATRA response mechanisms, especially the impact of PRAME expression on ATRA responsiveness. We profiled gene expression in diagnostic samples derived from our AML HD98B trial, in which ATRA was administered in addition to intensive chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Our data revealed a &lt;i&gt;PRAME&lt;/i&gt; expression-associated gene pattern to be significantly enriched for genes involved in the retinoic acid metabolic process. In leukemia cell line models, we could show that retinoic acid-regulated cell proliferation and differentiation are impacted by &lt;i&gt;PRAME&lt;/i&gt; expression. In patients with primary AML, repressor activity of high-PRAME levels might be overcome by the addition of ATRA as indicated by better outcome in 2 independent studies (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.029).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; PRAME seems to impair differentiation and to increase proliferation likely via blocking RAR signaling, which might be reversed by ATRA. &lt;i&gt;PRAME&lt;/i&gt; therefore represents a promising target for both ATRA treatment and possibly future immunotherapeutic approaches in AML. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2562–71. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 51K, MSigDB RNAi PRAME&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 110K, Supplementary figure 1 Apoptosis of PRAME-high AML cells in response to ATRA treatment. Supplementary figure 2 PRAME overexpression in PRAME-low KG1 cells impacts cell numbers following treatment with ATRA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 77K, RNAi ATRA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 120K, Class Comparison PRAME&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 72K, RNAi PRAME&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 52K, MSigDB RNAi PRAME C2-C4&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 102K, MSigDB RNAi ATRA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 42K, HD98B sample overview.&lt;/p&gt;

Jointly harnessing complementary features of multi-modal input data in a common latent space has been found to be beneficial long ago. However, the influence of each modality on the models decision remains a puzzle. This study proposes a deep learning framework for the modality-level interpretation of multimodal earth observation data in an end-to-end fashion. While leveraging an explainable machine learning method, namely Occlusion Sensitivity, the proposed framework investigates the influence of modalities under an early-fusion scenario in which the modalities are fused before the learning process. We show that the task of wilderness mapping largely benefits from auxiliary data such as land cover and night time light data.

Clouds and haze often occlude optical satellite images, hindering continuous, dense monitoring of the Earth's surface. Although modern deep learning methods can implicitly learn to ignore such occlusions, explicit cloud removal as pre-processing enables manual interpretation and allows training models when only few annotations are available. Cloud removal is challenging due to the wide range of occlusion scenarios -- from scenes partially visible through haze, to completely opaque cloud coverage. Furthermore, integrating reconstructed images in downstream applications would greatly benefit from trustworthy quality assessment. In this paper, we introduce UnCRtainTS, a method for multi-temporal cloud removal combining a novel attention-based architecture, and a formulation for multivariate uncertainty prediction. These two components combined set a new state-of-the-art performance in terms of image reconstruction on two public cloud removal datasets. Additionally, we show how the well-calibrated predicted uncertainties enable a precise control of the reconstruction quality.

Low-frequency Raman, which is Raman spectroscopy focused onto the wavenumber region below 100 cm -1 , has gained considerable interest over the last decades due to better availability of instrumentation.However, so far it has mostly been restricted to the investigation of solid structures, where clear features are present.For dissolved, especially aqueous, samples, the use of low-frequency Raman is hindered by a lack of sharp features and strong background signal of water.Nevertheless, by influencing hydrogen bonding, dissolved species affect the low-frequency spectrum of water.To use these changes analytically, a systematic knowledge of the effects is necessary.Therefore, we present a systematic study of the effect of small molecules ranging from apolar to salts on the low-frequency spectrum of water.Changes to the hydrogen-bonding associated vibrations could be detected for all molecules that correlate well with their physicochemical properties.Furthermore, by employing two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, it could be revealed that the changes to the hydrogen bonding environment often follow more complicated complex mechanisms, which helps to understand the mechanism behind hydrogen bonding in heterogenous systems.The present study is a first step to understand the low-frequency spectra of aqueous solutions.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are widely used in remote sensing. Interpreting SAR images can be challenging due to their intrinsic speckle noise and grayscale nature. To address this issue, SAR colorization has emerged as a research direction to colorize gray scale SAR images while preserving the original spatial information and radiometric information. However, this research field is still in its early stages, and many limitations can be highlighted. In this paper, we propose a full research line for supervised learning-based approaches to SAR colorization. Our approach includes a protocol for generating synthetic color SAR images, several baselines, and an effective method based on the conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) for SAR colorization. We also propose numerical assessment metrics for the problem at hand. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to propose a research line for SAR colorization that includes a protocol, a benchmark, and a complete performance evaluation. Our extensive tests demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed cGAN-based network for SAR colorization. The code will be made publicly available.

In this research, we focus on the classification of land cover types using radar altimetry data and evaluate the sensitivity of the altimetry signal across different land cover categories. To perform the classification task, we create a comprehensive dataset by combining altimetry footprints and the ESA World-cover2020 dataset. To model the classification, we employ multiple 1D-CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) architectures originally developed for other applications and adapt them to the peculiarities of altimetry waveforms. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we employ the F1-score metric, which provides a balanced measure of precision and recall. Our experimental results demonstrate a notable F1-score of 0.86, indicating the effectiveness of our proposed method in accurately classifying land cover types from altimetry data.

Data collected at centre-of-mass energies of 181–184 GeV by ALEPH at LEP, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 56.9 pb−1, are analysed in a search for pair-produced charged Higgs bosons H±. Three analyses are employed to select the τ+νττ−ν̄τ, cs̄τ−ν̄τ/c̄sτ+ντ and cs̄sc̄ final states. No evidence for a signal is found. Mass limits are set as a function of the branching fraction B(H+→τ+ντ). Under the assumption that the decay modes considered cover the totality of the possible final states, charged Higgs bosons with masses below 59 GeV/c2 are excluded at 95% C.L. independently of B(H+→τ+ντ).

The series solution to Laplace's equation in a helical coordinate system is derived and refined using symmetry and chirality arguments. These functions and their more commonplace counterparts are used to model solenoidal magnetic fields via linear, multidimensional curve-fitting. A judicious choice of functional forms, a small number of free parameters and sparse input data can lead to highly accurate, fine-grained modeling of solenoidal magnetic fields, including helical features arising from the winding of the solenoid, with overall field accuracy at better than one part per million.

Macromolecular Rapid CommunicationsVolume 42, Issue 8 2170031 FrontispieceFree Access Novel Biobased Self-Healing Ionomers Derived from Itaconic Acid Derivates Josefine Meurer, Search for more papers by this authorJulian Hniopek, Search for more papers by this authorJan Dahlke, Search for more papers by this authorMichael Schmitt, Search for more papers by this authorJürgen Popp, Search for more papers by this authorStefan Zechel, Search for more papers by this authorMartin D. Hager, Search for more papers by this author Josefine Meurer, Search for more papers by this authorJulian Hniopek, Search for more papers by this authorJan Dahlke, Search for more papers by this authorMichael Schmitt, Search for more papers by this authorJürgen Popp, Search for more papers by this authorStefan Zechel, Search for more papers by this authorMartin D. Hager, Search for more papers by this author First published: 26 April 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202170031AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract In article number 2000636 by Martin D. Hager and co-workers, novel biobased intelligent ionomers are presented. Itaconic acid derivates are utilized to synthesize different ionomers capable of self-healing. The thermal and mechanic properties are investigated in detail utilizing differential scanning calorimetry, thermo gravimetric analysis, FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Furthermore, a detailed scratch-healing test reveals healing efficiencies up to 99% in 2 h at 90 °C. Volume42, Issue8Special Issue: Young Talents in Polymer ScienceApril 20212170031 RelatedInformation

The Bayesian Block algorithm, originally developed for applications in astronomy, can be used to improve the binning of histograms in high energy physics. The visual improvement can be dramatic, as shown here with two simple examples. More importantly, this algorithm and the histogram is produces is a non-parametric density estimate, providing a description of background distributions that does not suffer from the arbitrariness of ad hoc analytical functions. The statistical power of an hypothesis test based on Bayesian Blocks is nearly as good as that obtained by fitting analytical functions. Two examples are provided: a narrow peak on a smoothly-falling background, and an excess in the tail of a background that falls rapidly over several orders of magnitude. These examples show the usefulness of the binning provided by the Bayesian Blocks algorithm both for presentation of data and when searching for new physics.

The four jet topology is analysed in the ALEPH data taken between November 1995 and October 1997, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 to 184 GeV. While an unexpected accumulation of events with a dijet mass sum around 105 GeV/c2 had been observed during the first run in 1995 at 130/136 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.7 pb−1, no significant differences between data and standard model prediction is seen, either in the high energy runs (81.1 pb−1 taken at centre-of-mass energies from 161 to 184 GeV) or in the 7.1 pb−1 recorded during a new short run at 130/136 GeV in 1997. We have found no other explanation for the earlier reported “four jet anomaly” than a statistical fluctuation.

We discuss the experimental and theoretical uncertainties on precision electroweak observables and their relationship to the indirect constraints on the Higgs-boson mass, $\MH$, in the Standard Model (SM). The critical experimental measurements ($\MW$, $\sweff$, $\mt$, ...) are evaluated in terms of their present uncertainties and their prospects for improved precision at future colliders, and their contribution to the constraints on $\MH$. In addition, the current uncertainties of the theoretical predictions for $\MW$ and $\sweff$ due to missing higher order corrections are estimated and expectations and necessary theoretical improvements for future colliders are explored. The constraints from rare B decays are also discussed. Analysis of the present experimental and theoretical precisions yield a current upper bound on $\MH$ of $\sim 200$ GeV. Including anticipated improvements corresponding to the prospective situation at future colliders (Tevatron Run II, LHC, LC/GigaZ), we find a relative precision of about 25% to 8% (or better) is achievable in the indirect determination of $\MH$.

The production, installation, and testing of 468 cathode strip chambers for the endcap muon system of the CMS experiment played a critical role in the preparation of the endcap muon system for the final commissioning. Common testing procedures and sets of standard equipment were used at 5 international assembly centers. The chambers were then thoroughly retested after shipment to CERN. Final testing was performed after chamber installation on the steel disks in the CMS detector assembly building. The structure of the detector quality control procedure is presented along with the results of chamber performance validation tests.

Anomalous production of low-energy photons from the galactic center have fueled speculations on the nature and properties of dark matter particles. In particular, it has been proposed that light scalars may be responsible for the bulk of the matter density of the universe, and that they couple to ordinary matter through a light spin-1 boson. If this is the case, then such particles may be produced in the quasi-elastic low-energy scattering of electrons off protons. We present a proposal for an experiment to search for this process and assess its viability.

Kurzfassung Die Arbeitsausschüsse NMP 231 und NMP 232 beschäftigen sich mit der Normung von Prüfverfahren in der Bauakustik. Neben der rein nationalen Normung machen die Ausschüsse ihren Einfluss auf europäischer und internationaler Ebene aktiv geltend. Insgesamt steht dem geringen Interesse der Industrie ein großes Interesse der öffentlichen Hand gegenüber. Der Großteil der Normung der näheren Zukunft wird sich mit der Pflege bzw. Aktualisierung des bestehenden Normenwerks beschäftigen.

A sister group of the Arthropoda, the Tardigrada are micrometazoans that occupy a diversity of niches in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats. Commonly called water bears because of their slow, lumbering gait, these molting lobopods have four pairs of legs, usually terminating in claws. Most are less than 1 mm in length, with a complete digestive tract, a dorsal gonad with one or two gonoducts, and a dorsal lobed brain with a ventral nerve cord and four bilobed ganglia, one per leg-bearing metamere. The body cavity (hemocoel) functions in respiration and circulation. Over 1200 species have been described based primarily on the morphology of the claws and buccal-pharyngeal apparatus. Individuals may be either gonochoric, unisexual, or hermaphroditic, with fertilized or unfertilized eggs deposited either freely or within the shed exuvium. Parthenogenesis occurs frequently in limnic and terrestrial tardigrades, allowing them to colonize new territories by passive dispersal of a single individual. Cryptobiosis (anhydrobiosis, anoxybiosis, cryobiosis, and osmobiosis) and diapause (encystment and resting eggs) occur during the life history. Active adults (surrounded by water) and cryptobiotic adults and eggs are primarily dispersed passively, but some active dispersal can also occur. Due to the characteristic patchy distributions of tardigrade populations, little is known about their population dynamics and trophic relationships. Improved methods for collection, microscopy, culturing, and molecular analyses have been have contributed much to our knowledge of tardigrades.

We have studied measurements of the cross section for e+e- --> hadrons for center-of-mass energies in the range 20--209 GeV. We find an apparent excess over the predictions of the Standard Model across the whole range amounting to more than 4\sigma. As an example, we compare the data to predictions for a light scalar down-type quark which fit the excess well.

We have carried out an exercise in the classification of W+W- and ttbar events as produced in a high-energy proton-proton collider, motivated in part by the current tension between the measured and predicted values of the WW cross section. The performance of the random forest classifier surpasses that of a standard cut-based analysis. Furthermore, the distortion of the distributions of key kinematic event features is relatively slight, suggesting that systematic uncertainties due to modeling might be reduced. Finally, our random forest can tolerate missing features such as missing transverse energy without a severe degradation of its performance.

Chapter 8 Summary and Conclusions Christian Matthäus, Christian Matthäus Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMichael Schmitt, Michael Schmitt Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJürgen Popp, Jürgen Popp Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, Germany Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Christian Matthäus, Christian Matthäus Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMichael Schmitt, Michael Schmitt Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJürgen Popp, Jürgen Popp Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, Germany Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Jürgen Popp, Jürgen Popp Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 D-07745 Jena Germany Institute of Physical Chemistry & Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 D-07743 Jena GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 April 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527681921.ch8 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Ex-vivo and In-vivo Optical Molecular Pathology RelatedInformation

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The Northwestern (NU) Particle Physics (PP) group involved in this report is active on all the following priority areas: Energy and Intensity Frontiers. The group is lead by 2 full profs. in experimental physics (Schmitt and Velasco), 3 full profs. in theoretical physics (de Gouvea, Low and Petriello), and Heidi Schellman who is now at Oregon State. Low and Petriello hold joint appointments with the HEP Division at Argonne National Laboratory. The theoretical PP research focuses on different aspects of PP phenomenology. de Gouvea dedicates a large fraction of his research efforts to understanding the origin of neutrino masses, neutrino properties and uncovering other new phenomena, and investigating connections between neutrino physics and other aspects of PP. Low works on Higgs physics as well as new theories beyond the Standard Model. Petriello pursues a research program in precision QCD and its associated collider phenomenology. The main goal of this effort is to improve the Standard Model predictions for important LHC observables in order to enable discoveries of new physics. In recent years, the emphasis on experimental PP at NU has been in collider physics. NU expands its efforts in new directions in both the Intensity and the Cosmic Frontiers (not discussed in this report). In the Intensity Frontier, Schmitt has started a new effort on Mu2e. He was accepted as a collaborator in April 2015 and is identified with important projects. In the Energy Frontier, Hahn, Schmitt and Velasco continue to have a significant impact and expanded their CMS program to include R&D for the real-time L1 tracking trigger and the high granularity calorimeter needed for the high-luminosity LHC. Hahn is supported by an independent DOE Career Award and his work will not be discussed in this document. The NU analysis effort includes searches for rare and forbidden decays of the Higgs bosons, Z boson, top quark, dark matter and other physics beyond the standard model topics. Four students completed their PhD: Kubik is now contributing to the Cosmic Frontier program, Pollack to both the Intensity and Energy Frontiers and Pozdnyakov and Odell will continue in the Energy Frontier. All our research scientists, Anastassov, Oferzynski, Lusito, and Stoynev, have found new positions. The new post-docs are Trovato from Scuola Normale de Pisa, Odell from Northwestern and Bhattacharya from Brown. Trovato is now supported by Hahn, and so is Sung, previously at MIT.

In this note we study the prospect of high-precision measurements of W boson mass, top quark mass, and forward-backward asymmetry in Z-&gt;ee decays and the search for the Higgs boson during Run 2 to challenge the standard model.

We present searches for quark-lepton compositeness and a heavy W' boson at high electron-neutrino transverse mass. We use ~110/pb of data collected in p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV by the CDF collaboration during 1992--95. The data are consistent with standard model expectations. Limits are set on the quark-lepton compositeness scale Lambda and the ratio of partial cross sections sigma (W' -> e nu) / sigma (W -> e nu). The cross section ratio is used to obtain a lower limit on the mass of a W' boson with standard model couplings. We exclude Lambda < 2.81 TeV and a W' boson with mass below 754 GeV/c^2 at the 95% confidence level. We combine the W' mass limit with our previously published limit obtained using the muon channel, to exclude a W' boson with mass below 786 GeV/c^2 at the 95% confidence level.

properties and uncovering other new phenomena, and investigating connections between neutrino physics and other aspects of PP. Low works on Higgs physics as well as new theories beyond the Standard Model. Petriello pursues a research program in precision QCD and its associated collider phenomenology. The main goal of this effort is to improve the Standard Model predictions for important LHC observables in order to enable discoveries of new physics. In recent years, the emphasis on experimental PP at NU has been in collider physics. NU expands its efforts in new directions in both the Intensity and the Cosmic Frontiers (not discussed in this report). In the Intensity Frontier, Schmitt has started a new effort on Mu2e. He was accepted as a collaborator in April 2015 and is identified with important projects. In the Energy Frontier, Hahn, Schmitt and Velasco continue to have a significant impact and expanded their CMS program to include R&D for the real-time L1 tracking trigger and the high granularity calorimeter needed for the high-luminosity LHC. Hahn is supported by an independent DOE Career Award and his work will not be discussed in this document. The NU analysis effort includes searches for rare and forbidden decays of the Higgs bosons, Z boson, top quark, dark matter and other physics beyond the standard model topics. Four students completed their PhD: Kubik is now contributing to the Cosmic Frontier program, Pollack to both the Intensity and Energy Frontiers and Pozdnyakov and Odell will continue in the Energy Frontier. All our research scientists, Anastassov, Oferzynski, Lusito, and Stoynev, have found new positions. The new post-docs are Trovato from Scuola Normale de Pisa, Odell from Northwestern and Bhattacharya from Brown. Trovato is now supported by Hahn, and so is Sung, previously at MIT.

Article Die Übertragung von Einzelwirtschaftsgütern bei Mitunternehmerschaften – ein gesetzlicher Kompromiss zwischen steuerlicher Systematik und wirtschaftlicher Vernunft was published on June 1, 2012 in the journal UbG - Die Unternehmensbesteuerung (volume 5, issue 6).

Jorge Santiago-Blay Michael Schmitt LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Research on chrysomelidae / edited by Pierre Jolivet, Jorge Santiago-Blay, Michael Schmitt. p. cm. — (Research on chrysomelidae) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-15204-5 (hardback : alk. Paper) 1

Der Begriff bezeichnet allgemein die Herkunft von Vorfahren und in der Biologie insbesondere die Annahme, dass die gesamte organismische Mannigfaltigkeit der Erde das Ergebnis einer stammesgeschichtlichen Entwicklung (Phylogenie) ist (Lexikon der Biologie 1999). Der Begriff ist gleichbedeutend mit dem bis ins 20. Jahrhundert häufiger gebrauchten Terminus »Deszendenz«. Obwohl »Deszendenz« heute altmodisch klingt, ist die Gleichbedeutung wichtig, denn sie belegt, dass wir mit »Abstammung« dasselbe meinen wie Charles Darwin mit »descent«.