Maria Robles Manzano

The FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX) mission, selected as the European Space Agency's eighth Earth Explorer, aims to globally measure the sun-induced-chlorophyll-fluorescence spectral emission from terrestrial vegetation. In the frame of the FLEX mission, several industrial and scientific studies have analyzed the instrument design, image processing algorithms, or modeling aspects. At the same time, a common tool is needed to address the overall FLEX mission performance by combining all these features. For this reason, an end-to-end mission performance simulator has been developed for the FLEX mission (FLEX-E). This paper describes the FLEX-E software design, which combines the generation of complex synthetic scenes with an advanced modeling of the instrument behavior and the full processing scheme up to the final fluorescence product. The results derived from FLEX-E simulations indicate that the instrument and developed image processing algorithms are able to retrieve the sun-induced fluorescence with an accuracy below the 0.2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{mW}\cdot\text{m}^{-2}\cdot\text{sr}^{-1}\cdot \text{nm}^{-1}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mission requirement. It is expected that FLEX-E will not only optimize the FLEX retrieval algorithms and technical requirements, but also serve as the baseline for the ground processing implementation and testing of calibration/validation procedures.

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will provide high-precision measurements of the time of arrival of particles at the HGTD, improving the particle-vertex assignment. To cope with the high-radiation environment, LGADs have been optimized by adding carbon in the gain layer, thus reducing the acceptor removal rate after irradiation. Performances of several carbon-enriched LGAD sensors from different vendors, and irradiated with high fluences of 1.5 and 2.5 x 10^15 neq/cm2, have been measured in beam test campaigns during the years 2021 and 2022 at CERN SPS and DESY. This paper presents the results obtained with data recorded by an oscilloscope synchronized with a beam telescope which provides particle position information within a resolution of a few um. Collected charge, time resolution and hit efficiency measurements are presented. In addition, the efficiency uniformity is also studied as a function of the position of the incident particle inside the sensor pad.

A High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) is proposed based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) for the ATLAS experiment to satisfy the time resolution requirement for the up-coming High Luminosity at LHC (HL-LHC). We report on beam test results for two proto-types LGADs (BV60 and BV170) developed for the HGTD. Such modules were manufactured by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) collaborated with Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of the Beijing Normal University. The beam tests were performed with 5 GeV electron beam at DESY. The timing performance of the LGADs was compared to a trigger counter consisting of a quartz bar coupled to a SiPM readout while extracting reference SiPM by fitting with a Gaussian function. The time resolution was obtained as 41 ps and 63 ps for the BV60 and the BV170, respectively.

Abstract The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS detector to mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The design of the HGTD is based on the use of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs), with an active thickness of 50 μm, that allow to measure with high-precision the time of arrival of particles. The HGTD will improve the particle-vertex assignment by measuring the track time with a resolution ranging from approximately 30 ps at the beginning of the HL-LHC operations to 50 ps at the end. Performances of several unirradiated, as well as neutron- and proton-irradiated, LGAD sensors from different vendors have been measured in beam test campaigns during the years 2018 and 2019 at CERN SPS and DESY. This paper presents the results obtained with data recorded by an oscilloscope synchronized with a beam telescope which provides particle position information within a resolution of a few μm. Collected charge, time resolution and hit efficiency are presented. In addition to these properties, the charge uniformity is also studied as a function of the position of the incident particle inside the sensor pad.

Abstract The high granularity timing detector for the ATLAS upgrade is under construction to meet the challenges of the HL-LHC. The silicon detectors along with the electronics are installed in two double-sided disks per end-cap and consist of basic units (called modules) connected to the peripheral electronics by flexible printed circuit cables. The complexity of the system impacts on the requirements of having high number of interconnections for the power delivery network, the data-links for the high-speed readout as well as the inputs for the system control. This and other constraints on the topology, the reduced space between disks and mechanical robustness led to the development of a flexible printed circuit cable. We present the design and test of a two-layer flexible cable of a maximum connection distance for the module.

Abstract The High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS upgrade is under construction to meet the challenges of the HL-LHC. In order to connect a module, the basic detector element, to the surrounding peripheral electronic board, a flexible printed circuit (FPC) is used as an interconnection for data transmission and power distribution. An identical design for all FPCs is required except for their length, depending on the module position on the detector active area. The design and qualification of a preliminary FPC version, manufactured in 13 different lengths (from 28.5 to 73.2 cm), are presented.

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will provide high-precision measurements of the time of arrival of particles at the HGTD, improving the particle-vertex assignment. To cope with the high-radiation environment, LGADs have been optimized by adding carbon in the gain layer, thus reducing the acceptor removal rate after irradiation. Performances of several carbon-enriched LGAD sensors from different vendors, and irradiated with high fluences of 1.5 and 2.5 x 10^15 neq/cm2, have been measured in beam test campaigns during the years 2021 and 2022 at CERN SPS and DESY. This paper presents the results obtained with data recorded by an oscilloscope synchronized with a beam telescope which provides particle position information within a resolution of a few um. Collected charge, time resolution and hit efficiency measurements are presented. In addition, the efficiency uniformity is also studied as a function of the position of the incident particle inside the sensor pad.

INTRODUCTION The infection by the Influenza virus is considered a public health problem, causing severe illness and death, above all, in high-risk population. The vaccination against Influenza has proved to be effective in protecting patients and health professionals from nosocomial infections and in reducing absenteeism due to illness. Pityriasis Lichenoides represent a group of inflammatory skin diseases with a variable clinical spectrum. Cases of Pityriasis Lichenoides related to vaccination are rare, therefore, this work represents an opportunity to report about this syndrome, whilst contributing to the identification and clarification of one of the possible adverse effects of vaccination against Influenza. CASE DESCRIPTION We report a case of 59-years-old health professional man, who attended an Occupational Medicine consultation due to the arising of a three days evolution erythematous papules on the trunk, abdomen and upper limbs, associated with pruritus, after carrying out Influenza vaccine (Influvac TetraÒ), as part of the seasonal flu vaccination program at the Occupational Health Service. The diagnosis of Pityriasis Lichenoides induced by the Influenza vaccine was considered due to the clinical and histopathological data. DISCUSSION Amongst the general literature, there are few reported cases of Pityriasis Lichenoides in connection with Influenza vaccination. The most frequently associated vaccines are the anti-measles, anti-mumps, and anti-rubella, and only one case is reported with direct link to the vaccine against Influenza. The article has the particularity of focusing on a case over a health professional which carries a greater risk of exposure to the virus, resulting from professional activity. Nevertheless, is a chronic patient (diabetic) and at a higher risk of serious illness/complications. CONCLUSIONS Despite being a rare syndrome, we emphasize the right for a correct recognition, diagnosis and approach to this disease. Furthermore, the adherence to Influenza vaccination is strongly linked to the fear of adverse effects, which makes it crucial to train professionals involved in Influenza vaccination for correct counseling and follow-up in the vaccination process. KEY WORDS: Influenza, Vaccine, Pityriasis Lichenoides, Health-care Worker, Occupational Health, Work Medicine.

Introduction In December 2019, COVID-19, disease caused by the new coronavirus– severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, was reported for the first time in China. In Portugal, the first two cases were flagged on 2nd of March 2020. On the 11nd of March, World Health Organization declared the disease as a global pandemic. This study outlines the COVID-19 confirmed cases, contributing for the establishment of more efficient prevention measures. Methods An observational study including all health professionals from a Central Hospital with a positive case between the 2nd of March 2020 and the 31st of December 2020 was carried out. The data obtained was processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel software. Results 723 professionals were infected and a peak of cases was verified in March and December. The frequency on cases was higher in females (76%) and professionals up to 45 years old. The highest number of cases occurred amongst nurses and the most affected medical departments were internal medicine, emergency, infectious diseases and surgery. The majority of cases were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Out of the full sample, five professionals required hospitalization and one of which died. Discussion and conclusions Accordingly to this study, the frequency of COVID-19 cases amongst health professionals seems to be considerably higher than the general population. The results seem to suggest that the implementation of period testing protocols over health professionals, above all in services with higher risk of infection or/and more vulnerable patients, might be beneficial, whilst contributing for the control of asymptomatic cases and hence breaking potential transmission chains. Key words: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; health professionals, pandemic, occupational health, work medicine.

The High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will improve the performance of the ATLAS detector for the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) by providing precise timing information with a resolution of about 30 ps per track.The basic unit of the detector consists of a hybrid module of a 2×4 cm 2 Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) bump-bonded to two ASICs and wire-bonded to a Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC; FLEX cable).The latter transmits high-speed signals (1.28 Gb/s) for data readout while providing power and bias voltage to the module.Its design must fulfil the HGTD requirements both mechanically and electrically, combining different signal types.The design and the test plan of the initial prototype are presented.

Calorimeters with a fine 3-D segmentation are considered to be a very promising technology for future high-energy physics experiments, since they provide in combination with particle flow algorithms excellent jet energy resolution and particle identification capabilities. Depending on the size, millions of individual channels consisting of a photosensor coupled to a scintillator tile have to be assembled. The usage of structured plastic scintillators with optically separated segments simplifies the mass production. We present the design, production, and performance of a 36 cm × 36 cm scintillator tile divided into 144 segments matching the geometry of the SiPM-based calorimeter frontend developed within the CALICE collaboration. This approach features a full integration of scintillators, sensors, and electronics. For several prototypes the light yield of the channels and an upper limit for the optical crosstalk have been measured in a cosmic-ray test stand. Accompanying transparency and reflectivity studies with material samples, fabricated with different separation layers between the scintillating parts, have been performed. Conclusions from the development process on the optimum design and production technique are drawn.

The performance analysis of a satellite mission requires specific tools that can simulate the behavior of the platform; its payload; and the acquisition of scientific data from synthetic scenes. These software tools, called End-to-End Mission Performance Simulators (E2ES), are promoted by the European Space Agency (ESA) with the goal of consolidating the instrument and mission requirements as well as optimizing the implemented data processing algorithms. Nevertheless, most developed E2ES are designed for a specific satellite mission and can hardly be adapted to other satellite missions. In the frame of ESA's FLEX mission activities, an E2ES is being developed based on a generic architecture for passive optical missions. FLEX E2ES implements a state-of-the-art synthetic scene generator that is coupled with dedicated algorithms that model the platform and instrument characteristics. This work will describe the flexibility of the FLEX E2ES to simulate complex synthetic scenes with a variety of land cover classes, topography and cloud cover that are observed separately by each instrument (FLORIS, OLCI and SLSTR). The implemented algorithms allows modelling the sensor behavior, i.e. the spectral/spatial resampling of the input scene; the geometry of acquisition; the sensor noises and non-uniformity effects (e.g. stray-light, spectral smile and radiometric noise); and the full retrieval scheme up to Level-2 products. It is expected that the design methodology implemented in FLEX E2ES can be used as baseline for other imaging spectrometer missions and will be further expanded towards a generic E2ES software tool.

Introduccion teorica y practica a la logica proposicional, sus aplicaciones -en filosofia, matematicas, I.A., informatica y linguistica-, su alcance y sus limitaciones Introduccion al razonamiento con diagramas. Introduccion teorica y practica a la logica de primer orden. Asignatura optativa de la Diplomatura en Ingeniero Tecnico en Informatica de Sistemas.

Introduction Ionizing radiation comes from natural (radioactivity and cosmic radiation) or artificial sources. The artificial ionizing radiation, which includes the X-ray and the radioactive isotopes produced in the nuclear reactors, has many applications, notably in the industries, investigation and medicine sectors, turning the health professionals into exposed workers. Case description A case of a 61-year-old women, radiologic technologist in a radiology department in a pediatric hospital, with forty years of ionizing radiation exposure, culminating in retroperitoneal liposarcoma diagnosis, as described. Discussion The exposure to high levels of Ionizing radiation is related to the induction, yet not exclusive, of cancer. Accordingly, to International Agency for Research on Cancer, the exposure to ionizing radiation directly related to an increased risk for sarcomas, squamous cells carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Conclusion The health protection of the professional health workers exposed to ionizing radiation within the hospital (as a workplace), brings up a major challenge for the occupational health services, which must organize radiological protection programs aiming to minimize the exposure of the health professionals and potential adverse effects directly related to it. Key-words: ionizing radiation, radiological protection, cancer, liposarcoma, occupational health, work medicine.

INTRODUCTION Workplaces are considered by the World Health Organization as one of the priority places for the development of health promotion actions, namely within the scope of work practices and healthy lifestyles (such as healthy eating, the practice of physical activity, prevention of obesity, professional stress, musculoskeletal injuries, among others). MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of guidelines and scientific articles related to health promotion was carried out, namely on physical activity in an occupational context. Pubmed, UpToDate and Clinical Key, World Health Organization and the Direção-Geral da Saúde were used as the main data sources and the research was carried out using the MeSH terms: “physical activity, health promotion, occupational health”. Publications between the year 2000 and 2022 written in English, Portuguese or Spanish were included. OBJECTIVE A review of the current scientific literature on physical activity is carried out in order to contribute to the implementation and improvement of policies aimed at promoting health in the workplace, thus increasing its potential benefits. DISCUSSION In light of new scientific evidence, all physical activity, regardless of the continuous duration of each practice period, has positive health effects. This implies an adaptation in the way of communicating about physical activity and in the way it is perceived, naturally translating a greater flexibility of behaviors and the potential for their integration, in different moments and contexts. CONCLUSION The recent characterization of physical activity as something easy to integrate into everyday life, regardless of its duration, brings a new vision in the approach to promoting physical activity, imposing the adaptation of strategies and policies that promote this área, namely at occupational level. KEY-WORDS: physical activity, health promotion, public health, occupational health, prevention, work.

Introduction Contact dermatitis comprises 70–90% of all occupational skin diseases, leading frequently to functional disability. If contact dermatitis is suspected, the patient’s occupational history can guide the clinical suspicion as well as the allergens to be tested. Case Report A 63-year-old male electrician, who went to a Dermatology Specialist with pruritic erythematous-scaly lesions on the hands and feet, two years after the onset of symptoms. An epicutaneous test was performed, and Potassium Dichromate, Paraphenylenediamine, Lanolin Alcohols and Textile Blends were found positive. Considering the characteristics of the lesions, their distribution, occupational exposure and the results of skin patch tests, the diagnosis of Allergic Contact Dermatitis was established. Discussion It was possible to establish a relationship between the Personal Protective Equipment used by the worker and the symptoms, as well as establish the presumptive diagnosis of Occupational Dermatitis. The best approach for treatment is to identify and remove the agent, since avoiding the allergens can improve the clinical condition. Workplace analysis, as well as the development of preventive strategies are essential for Occupational Health. It is important to encourage companies to reduce/eliminate exposure to risk factors, promoting the health and safety of workers. Conclusion Contact Dermatitis is associated with a high personal and professional impacts, which can result in absenteeism, reduced productivity and disability. The Occupational Health Care Physician plays an active role in informing workers, with regards to safe working practices and the correct use of Personal Protective Equipment, so that these are used for protection instead of the source of the illness. Keywords: Dermatitis, Allergic contact, Contact Dermatitis; Occupational Dermatitis; Occupational Health.

The compact structure of the HGTD proposed for the High Luminosity ATLAS detector upgrade at the CERN LHC requires a design to match the tight mechanical and electrical constraints.Our proposal based on a flexible printed circuit manages the signals to read out and control the modules, to bias the sensors with high voltage and to power the ASIC.Because of the high speed serial link, it is crucial to match the characteristic impedance of the lines.The high voltage bias requires clearance and shielding to limit the interference with the digital logic.We present results of the geometrical and electrical tests performed on the first version of the prototype.

Este articulo esta dedicado a Alonzo Church, que fallecio en Agosto de 1995, tras una larga vida dedicada a la logica. A el le debemos el calculo lambda, la tesis que lleva su nombre y la solucion al Entscheidungsproblem. Suyo es tambien Introduction to Mathematical Logic, vol. I, el libro que definio que era la logica, el enfoque y los temas basicos. Finalmente, Ol fue el impulsor del Journal of Symbolic Logic, la revista mas conocida del area de la que fue editor durante decadas. Este articulo se desarrolla en tres partes. La primera es periodistica: cuento la vida de Alonzo Church, incluyendo algunas de las muchas anecdotas que me han ido llegando. La segunda esta dedicada a su obra, aunque no he pretendido, en absoluto, ser exhaustiva. La tercera es algo mas personal: pretendo mostrar que el gran descubrimiento de Church fue el calculo lambda, y que a ese acierto inicial debemos muchas de sus posteriores inspiraciones, tanto como las de sus discipulos, incluyendo la Teoria de la Recursion de Kleene y la prueba de completud de Henkin. He anadido un apendice en donde presento el calculo lambda con tipos y una demostracion de indecidibilidad de la logica de primer orden.