Maria Savina

Relevance. To maintain dental health and maintain the normal structure of the dental system, a deep understanding of methods for restoring lost dental tissue is necessary. When restoring class II carious lesions, open and closed sandwich techniques were used, as well as various methods of manipulating composite materials. Systematization of existing research will allow the dentist to better navigate the available techniques and provide better treatment to his patients. Aim: To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of the method for restoring proximal contacts of posterior teeth. Materials and methods. As part of the study, a systematic analysis of the technique for restoring contact points of teeth was carried out, in compliance with established criteria. Initial data were obtained by searching the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, CyberLeninka and eLIBRARY.RU databases using the following key terms: «recovery methods», «contact point», «open sandwich», «closed sandwich», «filling technique», «point of contact», «closed centripetal», «open centripetal». Results. To conduct a systematic review, 7 articles were reviewed on the seal quality of restorations made using the open sandwich, closed sandwich, and total bonding methods. In 85% of cases, the open sandwich method was indicated by the authors as the most appropriate for creating sealed class 2 restorations. Conclusions. The best tightness of restorations in in vitro studies in 85% of cases was achieved using the technique of filling an open sandwich. The tightness of the restoration not only affects the choice of material, but also prevents its application. Further comparative in vivo studies on the survival of class 2 restorations made using the open sandwich or total bonding method are needed.

A scheme for the estimation of the collision impact parameter is suggested. We have shown that the nuclear collision geometry can be determined in the event-by-event analysis by measuring the transverse energy flow in the large pseudorapidity regions with a minimal dependence on the collision dynamics details in the central pseudorapidity region.

The global observable distributions of nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energy are studied. It is shown that these distributions are sensitive to interaction dynamics and can be used to investigate the evolution of dense nuclear matter. At the LHC energy scale ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5$ TeV in the heavy ion mode), a central bump over pseudorapidity plateau in the differential distributions of total transverse energy flows induced by the jet quenching effect was obtained. The energy-loss dependence on the energy for various colliding ion species was explored. Also a new scheme for collision geometry determination is proposed as well. It is based on the correlation between transverse energy flow in the pseudorapidity interval $3

Abstract CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) is one of the two general-purpose detectors at the LHC. The physics programme of the experiment ranges from checking the Standard Model to searching for a new physics. One of the most interesting directions in the new physics is the extra dimensions. In modern theoretical ideas related to the concept of extra dimensions and multidimensional low-energy gravity, one can expect to observe the creation of the microscopic black holes at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at currently available energies.

In this article we carry out an analysis of LHC potential to search for new dimuon resonance states from extended gauge models and the Randall-Sundrum scenario of TeV-scale gravity.

In this article we carry out an analysis of LHC potential to search for new dimuon resonance states from extended gauge models and the Randall-Sundrum scenario of TeV-scale gravity.

A possibility to observe TeV-scale gravity signals at the LHC is discussed. The ADD scenario with large extra dimensions is considered and its LHC discovery potential is derived studying by muon pairs with large invariant masses.

Extended gauge models and the Randall-Sundrum model with extra-dimension predict the existence of TeV-mass resonances. The LHC potential for a five sigma level discovery was investigated as described in this document. Final states containing large invariant mass di-muons from ${Z}^{\prime}$ and the RS1 graviton were studied. The possibility of discriminating between different ${Z}^{\prime}$ model by measuring the muon forward-backward asymmetry was investigated. The determination of the spin of the resonance is also discussed.

Extended gauge models and the Randall-Sundrum model with extra-dimension predict the existence of TeV-mass resonances. The LHC potential for a five sigma level discovery was investigated as described in this document. Final states containing large invariant mass di-muons from ${Z}^{\prime}$ and the RS1 graviton were studied. The possibility of discriminating between different ${Z}^{\prime}$ model by measuring the muon forward-backward asymmetry was investigated. The determination of the spin of the resonance is also discussed.

In the framework of the HIJING model global characteristics of nucleus- nucleus collisions are studied for a Large Hadron Collider energy scale. An interesting model prediction is the presence of a central bump over a pseudorapidity plateau of a total transverse energy distribution. The bump is induced by a jet quenching effect in a dense nuclear matter. It is shown that on a wide acceptance calorimeter with a pseudorapidity coverage -5 < η< 5 allow to obtain experimental confirmation of such an effect.

HIJING generator simulation of nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultrarelativistic energies are presented. Is shown, that the global characteristics of nucleus-nucleus collisions, such as of distribution of a charge multiplicity, total and electromagnetic transverse energy over pseudorapidity are rather sensitive to some predictions of formation models of high-exited nuclear medium, namely parton energy losses in dense nuclear matter. This losses results to appearance of a broad maximum in global variable distributions over pseudorapidity. The most profound of this effect occurs at central heavy ion collisions at LHC energy.