M. Paulini

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we searched for b→u transitions in exclusive hadronic B meson decays. A systematic analysis of B decays into pions has been performed for decay modes with 2–7 pions in the final state. In none of the decays a positive signal was observed. The upper limits obtained on various branching ratios are consistent with the current model predictions.

Ensembl Genomes (http://www.ensemblgenomes.org) is an integrating resource for genome-scale data from non-vertebrate species, complementing the resources for vertebrate genomics developed in the context of the Ensembl project (http://www.ensembl.org). Together, the two resources provide a consistent set of programmatic and interactive interfaces to a rich range of data including reference sequence, gene models, transcriptional data, genetic variation and comparative analysis. This paper provides an update to the previous publications about the resource, with a focus on recent developments. These include the development of new analyses and views to represent polyploid genomes (of which bread wheat is the primary exemplar); and the continued up-scaling of the resource, which now includes over 23 000 bacterial genomes, 400 fungal genomes and 100 protist genomes, in addition to 55 genomes from invertebrate metazoa and 39 genomes from plants. This dramatic increase in the number of included genomes is one part of a broader effort to automate the integration of archival data (genome sequence, but also associated RNA sequence data and variant calls) within the context of reference genomes and make it available through the Ensembl user interfaces.

WormBase (www.wormbase.org) is a central repository for research data on the biology, genetics and genomics of Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes. The project has evolved from its original remit to collect and integrate all data for a single species, and now extends to numerous nematodes, ranging from evolutionary comparators of C. elegans to parasitic species that threaten plant, animal and human health. Research activity using C. elegans as a model system is as vibrant as ever, and we have created new tools for community curation in response to the ever-increasing volume and complexity of data. To better allow users to navigate their way through these data, we have made a number of improvements to our main website, including new tools for browsing genomic features and ontology annotations. Finally, we have developed a new portal for parasitic worm genomes. WormBase ParaSite (parasite.wormbase.org) contains all publicly available nematode and platyhelminth annotated genome sequences, and is designed specifically to support helminth genomic research.

A precise determination of the energy scale of jets at the Collider Detector at Fermilab at the Tevatron pp¯ collider is described. Jets are used in many analyses to estimate the energies of partons resulting from the underlying physics process. Several correction factors are developed to estimate the original parton energy from the observed jet energy in the calorimeter. The jet energy response is compared between data and Monte Carlo simulation for various physics processes, and systematic uncertainties on the jet energy scale are determined. For jets with transverse momenta above 50 GeV the jet energy scale is determined with a 3% systematic uncertainty.

Ensembl Genomes (http://www.ensemblgenomes.org) is an integrating resource for genome-scale data from non-vertebrate species. The project exploits and extends technologies for genome annotation, analysis and dissemination, developed in the context of the vertebrate-focused Ensembl project, and provides a complementary set of resources for non-vertebrate species through a consistent set of programmatic and interactive interfaces. These provide access to data including reference sequence, gene models, transcriptional data, polymorphisms and comparative analysis. This article provides an update to the previous publications about the resource, with a focus on recent developments. These include the addition of important new genomes (and related data sets) including crop plants, vectors of human disease and eukaryotic pathogens. In addition, the resource has scaled up its representation of bacterial genomes, and now includes the genomes of over 9000 bacteria. Specific extensions to the web and programmatic interfaces have been developed to support users in navigating these large data sets. Looking forward, analytic tools to allow targeted selection of data for visualization and download are likely to become increasingly important in future as the number of available genomes increases within all domains of life, and some of the challenges faced in representing bacterial data are likely to become commonplace for eukaryotes in future.

Since its release in 2000, WormBase (http://www.wormbase.org) has grown from a small resource focusing on a single species and serving a dedicated research community, to one now spanning 15 species essential to the broader biomedical and agricultural research fields. To enhance the rate of curation, we have automated the identification of key data in the scientific literature and use similar methodology for data extraction. To ease access to the data, we are collaborating with journals to link entities in research publications to their report pages at WormBase. To facilitate discovery, we have added new views of the data, integrated large-scale datasets and expanded descriptions of models for human disease. Finally, we have introduced a dramatic overhaul of the WormBase website for public beta testing. Designed to balance complexity and usability, the new site is species-agnostic, highly customizable, and interactive. Casual users and developers alike will be able to leverage the public RESTful application programming interface (API) to generate custom data mining solutions and extensions to the site. We report on the growth of our database and on our work in keeping pace with the growing demand for data, efforts to anticipate the requirements of users and new collaborations with the larger science community.

The Intermediate Silicon Layers (ISL) detector is currently being built as part of the CDF II detector upgrade project. The ISL detector will significantly improve tracking in the central region and, together with the Silicon Vertex detector, provide stand-alone 3D track information in the forward/backward regions. In this article, we present the quality of the production sensors manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, which account for roughly half of the silicon sensors used in the ISL detector.

A detailed study of the lepton momentum spectrum in υ(4S) decays has been made using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II e+e− storage ring at DESY. In the region from 2.3 to 2.6 GeV/c, which is above the endpoint for contributions from B decays via b→c transitions, we observe 41±10 events in excess of known backgrounds. These events are interpreted as a signal for b→u transitions. A model dependent value of 0.10±0.01 is obtained for the ratio of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements |Vub|/|Vcv|, using the Altarelli et al. model.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II storage ring, a new measurement of the mass of the τ lepton has been obtained. An analysis of the tau pseudomass spectrum for decays of the type τ− → π−π−π+ντ finds mτ = 1776.3±2.4±1.4 MeV/c2. This result also leads to an improvement of the upper limit on the ντ mass to mντ < 31 MeV/c2 at the 95% confidence level.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, a search for decays B→K∗γ has been performed where K∗ represents seven different K mesons. No evidence for such decays has been found, and upper limits are quoted. These provide valuable constraints on the top quark mass, the Higgs sector of the standard model, and a variety of extensions thereto.

This paper describes the construction of novel end-to-end image-based classifiers that directly leverage low-level simulated detector data to discriminate signal and background processes in pp collision events at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. To better understand what end-to-end classifiers are capable of learning from the data and to address a number of associated challenges, we distinguish the decay of the standard model Higgs boson into two photons from its leading background sources using high-fidelity simulated CMS Open Data. We demonstrate the ability of end-to-end classifiers to learn from the angular distribution of the photons recorded as electromagnetic showers, their intrinsic shapes, and the energy of their constituent hits, even when the underlying particles are not fully resolved, delivering a clear advantage in such cases over purely kinematics-based classifiers.

The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) radiation hardened silicon vertex detector (SVX') is described. The new detector has several improvements over its predecessor such as better signal to noise and higher efficiency. It is expected to have a radiation tolerance in excess of 1 Mrad. It has been taking data for several months and some preliminary results are shown.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we have observed a new charmed baryon state in the channel Λc+π+π−. (All references to a specific charged state also imply the charge conjugate state.) The mass of this state was measured to be (2626.6 ± 0.5 ± 1.5) MeV/c2. The product of the production cross section and branching ratio for this channel was determined to be (11.5 ± 2.5 ± 3.0) pb, and the natural width estimated to be smaller than 3.2 MeV/c2 at 90% CL.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+ e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY we have updated our result on charmless semileptonic B decays and searched for direct evidence for b→u transitions through reconstruction of complete events. This approach has successfully identified two ϒ (4S) events which contain B meson decays to a non-charm final state. In one case, a B0 meson is found in the channel π+μ−ν, while in the other a decay B+→ωμ+ν is seen. These events show that the previously observed signal of charmless semileptonic B decays is due to b→u transitions from which we obtain |VubVcb| = 0.11±0.012 using the model of Altarelli et al.

We describe the construction of end-to-end jet image classifiers based on simulated low-level detector data to discriminate quark- vs. gluon-initiated jets with high-fidelity simulated CMS Open Data. We highlight the importance of precise spatial information and demonstrate competitive performance to existing state-of-the-art jet classifiers. We further generalize the end-to-end approach to event-level classification of quark vs. gluon di-jet QCD events. We compare the fully end-to-end approach to using hand-engineered features and demonstrate that the end-to-end algorithm is robust against the effects of underlying event and pile-up.

Using data collected with the ARGUS detector, we have performed a decay angular analysis of the enhancement, previously known as the D∗ (2420), seen in the final state D∗(2010)+π−. We thereby exhibit that the observed broad structure is actually due to two relatively narrow resonances, one of which is identified as the D∗(2459)0, while the massof the other is measured to be (2414±2±5) MeV/c2. The results of the analysis are in good agreement with the interpretation of the two states as L=1 D mesons of spin-parities 2+ and 1+ respectively.

The impact of the ARGUS experiment to elementary particle physics is reviewed. More than ten years of data taking has allowed ARGUS to contribute significantly to our understanding of beauty and charmed hadrons, τ Leptons, ϒ mesons, ϒϒ interactions and fragmentation processes. In particular the ARGUS measurements of CKM matrix elements opened up a new window on the Standard Model.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we have studied the decay B0 → D∗+ ℓ−v by exploiting a partial D∗+ reconstruction technique. The branching ratio for this mode was thereby determined to be (4.5 ± 0.3 ± 0.4)%. Using the corresponding sample of tagged B0 mesons, we measured the B0B0 mixing parameter to be rd = 0.194 ± 0.062 ± 0.054, a result only weakly dependent upon the ratio of semileptonic widths for and production rates of B0 and B+ mesons. We have also determined the branching ratio Br (B0 → X ℓ−v to be (9.3 ± 1.1 ± 1.5)%. By comparing the results for full and partial D∗+ reconstuction we found the absolute branching ratios for D0 → K−π+ and D0 → K−π+π+π− to be (4.5 ± 0.6 ± 0.4)% and (7.9 ± 1.5 ± 0.9)%, respectively.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS-II, we have measured the inclusive semileptonic decays of B-mesons into electrons and muons. The data originate from 220.5 events/pb on the ϒ(4S) resonance. We find BR (B→e+veX = (10.3 ± 0.6 ± 0.2)% and BR (B→μ+vμX) = (10.0 ± 0.6 ± 0.2)% using the model of Altarelli et al. for extrapolating over all lepton momenta, and BR (B→e+veX) = (9.9±0.6)%, BR(B→μ+vμX) = (9.7±0.6)% using the model of Grinstein et al. For semileptonic decays into baryons, we obtain an upper limit of BR (B→pe+vX)<0.16%(90%CL).

With the ARGUS detector at the e+e- storage ring DORIS II, we have determined decay fraction and electron momentum spectrum of the inclusive decay mode B → eνX. Usinng lepton tags from the second B meson. in 209 000 γ(4S) → BB decays, we could determine the spectrum for all electron momenta pe > 0.6 GeV/c. Including the small extrapolation to pe > 0, we find the model-independent decay fraction B(B → eνX) = (9.6 ± 0.5 ± 0.4)%. Adding D meson tags, our result is (9.7 ± 0.5 ± 0.4)%.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS-II electron-positron storage ring at DESY, we have investigated the exclusive decay D∗+ → D0π+, D0 → KS0π+π−. From a partial wave analysis of the KS0π+π− system we find that (71.8± 4.2 ± 3.0)% are D0 → K∗−π+ and (22.7 ± 3.2 ± 0.9)% are D0 → K0ϱ0 with a relative phase of (−137 ± 7 ± 3)° between the channels. The remaining fraction can be described by several channels involving excited resonances, but not by a three-body phase space decay, thus giving first evidence for D0 decays into K0∗(1430)−π+, K0 f0(1975), K0 f2(1270), and K0 f0(1400).

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II e+e− storage ring we measured for the first time the τ neutrino helicity from a parity violating asymmetry in the τ decay into three charged pions. From the measured asymmetry we derived the normalized product of the axial and vector coupling constant 2gAgv/ (gA2 + gV2) = 1.14±0.34−0.170.34, which is in good agreement with the standard model prediction.

The High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider will deliver 10 times more integrated luminosity than the existing collider, posing significant challenges for radiation tolerance and event pileup on detectors, especially for forward calorimetry. As part of its upgrade program, the Compact Muon Solenoid collaboration is designing a high-granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. It will feature unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout and triggering segmentation for both electromagnetic and hadronic sections. The electromagnetic section and a large fraction of the hadronic section will be based on hexagonal silicon sensors of 0.5–1 cm2 cell size, with the remainder of the hadronic section being based on highly-segmented scintillators with silicon photomultiplier readout. The intrinsic high-precision timing capabilities of the silicon sensors will add an extra dimension to event reconstruction, especially in terms of pileup rejection. First hexagonal silicon modules, using the existing Skiroc2 front-end ASIC developed for CALICE, have been tested in beams at Fermilab and CERN in 2016. We present results from these tests, in terms of system stability, calibration with minimum-ionizing particles and resolution (energy, position and timing) for electrons, and the comparisons of these quantities with GEANT4-based simulation.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, a search for penguin decays of B mesons involving b→s gluon has been performed. No evidence for the penguin mechanism was found and a number of upper limits are quoted.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we have observed parity violation in the decay Λ±c → Λπ±. We measure the coefficient of parity violation, αΛc, to be −0.96±0.42. In addition, we measure σ BR (Λ+c → Λπ+ and σ BR (Λ+c → Σ0π+) to be, respectively, (2.2±0.3±0.4) pb and (2.0±0.7±0.4) pb.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we have studied semileptonic charmed meson decays through ф- and K∗0-electron correlations in continuum production. Evidence for the decay D−s→фe−v has been observed, with a branching ratio relative to the channel D−s→фπ− determined to be 0.57±0.15±0.15. The decay D−→K∗0e−v was also seen, with a value of 0.55±0.08±0.10 extracted for the branching ratio relative to the channel D−→K+π−π−. The ratio of the two measurements, after application of SU(3) corrections, implies a branching ratio for D−s→фπ− of (2.4±1.0)%.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II e+e− storage ring we have studied the electron and muon energy spectra in τ−→e−νν and τ−→μ−νν decays. The measured value of the Michel parameter, ρ=0.742±0.035±0.020, is in good agreement with a standard V-A coupling at the τ-ντ-W vertex. Pure V, A and V + A couplings are completely excluded by this measurement. Upper limits have been obtained for two-body tau decays, including final states with a Goldstone boson.

In the medical and dental field, the importance and need for the study of materials and drugs for use as bone grafts or regeneration in injured areas due to the presence of fractures, infections or tumors that cause extensive loss of bone tissue is observed.Bone is a specialized, vascularized and dynamic connective tissue that changes throughout the life of the organism.When injured, it has a unique ability to regenerate and repair without the presence of scars, but in some situations, due to the size of the defect, the bone tissue does not regenerate completely.Thus, due to its importance, there is a great development in therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bone defects through studies that include autografts, allografts and artificial materials used alone or in association with bone grafts.Pharmaceuticals composed of biomaterials and osteogenic active substances have been extensively studied because they provide potential for tissue regeneration and new strategies for the treatment of bone defects.Statins work as specific inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAreductase).They represent efficient drugs in lowering cholesterol, as they reduce platelet aggregation and thrombus deposition; in addition, they promote angiogenesis, reduce the β-amyloid peptide related to Alzheimer's disease and suppress the activation of T lymphocytes.Furthermore, these substances have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease.By inhibiting HMG-CoAreductase, statins not only inhibit cholesterol synthesis, but also exhibit several other beneficial pleiotropic effects.Therefore, there has been increasing interest in researching the effects of statins, including Simvastatin,

We report a measurement of the production of antideuterons d in e+e− annihilation at centre-of-mass energies around 10 GeV using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II storage ring. We observe an enhancement of d production in direct hadronic ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) resonance decays. From 21 events width a d candidate the inclusive cross section 1σdirhad · dσdp and the production rate of antideuterons are determined. A production rate of (6.0±2.0±0.6) × 10-5d per direct hadronic ϒ decay and a 90% CL upper limit of 1.7 × 10−5d per e+e−→qq continuum event are obtained. These results are related to antiproton production through a simple model.

Direct observations of the semileptonic decay of Λc+ in the decay channels Λc+→Λe+X and Λc+→Λμ+X have been made using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II e+e− storage ring. The cross section times branching ratio were found to be σ(e+e−→Λc+X)·BR(Λc+→Λe+X)=4.20±1.28±0.71 pb and σ(e+e−→Λc+X)·BR(Λc+→Λμ+X)=3.91±2.02±0.90 pb.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II e+e− storage ring at DESY, we have obtained evidence for a new charmed-strange meson which decays into D*+K0. Its mass is observed to be 2535.9±0.6±2.0 MeV/c2 and its width to be less than 4.6 MeV/c2 at the 90% confidence level. No structure is observed at this mass in the D+K0 invariant mass spectrum, which suggests that an unnatural spin-parity is preferred.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY we have studied the decay B− → D∗0ℓ−λ, where ℓ− = e− or μ−, using the D0γ and D0π0 decay modes of the D∗0 meson. B mesons were produced in 209 000 decays of γ(4S). Assuming electron-muon universality, we obtain a value for the branching ratio of BR(B− → D∗0ℓ−λ)= (5.8 ± 1.4 ± 1.3)%.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e- storage ring DORIS II the ratio of semileptonic branching ratios of B+ and B0 mesons has been determined by comparing the yields of D0,D-, andD*(2010)- mesons in semileptonic B decays. We derive the lifetime ratio τ(B+)τ(B0)=1.00∓0.23±0.14.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we have observed production of the charmed-strange baryon Ξc+ and its neutral isospin partner, the Ξc0. The Ξc+ was reconstructed in the final state Ξ−π+π+, while the Ξc0 was seen in decay to Ξ−π+ and Ξ−π+π+π−. The average Ξc fragmentation spectrum has been determined, as well as the production cross section times branching ratio for each decay mode. The charged and neutral masses were measured to be 2465.1 ± 3.6 ± 1.9 MeV/c2 and 2472.1 ± 2.7 ± 1.6 MeV/c2 respectively, corresponding to a mass-splitting, M(Ξc+) − M(Ξc0), of −7.0±4.5±2.2 MeV/c2.

Feature extraction algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks, have introduced the possibility of using deep learning to train directly on raw data without the need for rule-based feature engineering. In the context of particle physics, such end-to-end approaches can be used for event classification to learn directly from detector-level data in a way that is completely independent of the high-level physics reconstruction. We demonstrate a technique for building such end-to-end event classifiers to distinguish simulated electromagnetic decays in a high-fidelity model of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter.

The properties of two-, three-, four-, five-, and six-jet events with multijet masses $&gt;600$ GeV ${/c}^{2}$ are compared with QCD predictions. The shapes of the multijet-mass and leading-jet-angular distributions are approximately independent of jet multiplicity and are well described by the NJETS matrix element calculation and the HERWIG parton shower Monte Carlo predictions. The observed jet transverse momentum distributions for three- and four-jet events discriminate between the matrix element and parton shower predictions, the data favoring the matrix element calculation.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II, we have determined the Michel parameters ϱ and ξ of τ → μνν and τ → eνν decays. From a data sample with 333 events/pb around s = 10 GeV, we select 3230 events e+e− → τ+τ− → (μ±μμ)(eǂvv) and determine ϱ from the e and μ momentum spectra and ξ from the correlations between e and μ momenta. For ϱ we obtain ϱτ→e = 0.79 ± 0.08 ± 0.06 and ϱτ→μ = 0.76 ± 0.08 in accordance with the V - A structure of the decays. The momentum correlations are only sensitive to the product ξτ→eξτ→μ. Setting ξτ→e = ξτ→μ, we obtain |ξτ| = 0.90 ± 0.15 ± 0.10 also in accordance with V - A. The updated decay fractions are B(τ → evv) = (17.5 ± 0.3 ± 0.5)% and B(τ → μvv) = (17.4 ± 0.3 ± 0.5)%.

A spin-parity analysis of the ϱ+ϱ− system in the reaction γγ→ϱ+ϱ−→Π+Π−Π0Π0 has been performed using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY. The cross section is found to be dominated by the amplitudes JP = 0+ and JP = 2+ (Jz = 2).

Using the detector ARGUS at the storage ring DORIS II of DESY, we have found evidence for the production of the charmed and doubly strange baryon Ωc through its decay channel Ξ−K−π+π+. Its mass has been determined to be ((2719.0±7.0±2.5)MeV/c2, and the product of production cross section and branching ratio the above channel to be (2.41±0.90±0.30) pb.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II e+e- storage ring at DESY, we have observed a new charmed meson of mass (2469±4±6) MeV/c2, decaying to D0π+. This state is a strong candidate for the charged isospin partner of the D∗(2459)0 . The isospin mass splitting is measured to be (14±5±8) MeV/c2.

An analysis of the decay τ− → π−π−π+π0ντ has been performed with the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II storage ring. From a study of the two pion subsystems we have found first evidence for the decays τ− → ϱ0π−π0ντ, τ− → ϱ −π+π−ντ, and τ− → ϱ+π−π−ντ with relative contributions to the decay τ− → π−π−π+π0ντ of 0.30 ± 0.04, 0.26 ± 0.05, and 0.10 ± 0.03, respectively. The fraction of the subchannel τ− → ωπ−ντ has been determined to be 0.33 ± 0.05. The production of ϱ mesons is enhanced by a factor of 1.9 ± 0.3 over that of ω mesons. We conclude that in more than 81% (95% CL) of all τ− → π−π−π+π0ντ decays either a ϱ or ω meson is produced.

Differential rates in the decay B s 0 → J/ψϕ with ϕ →K + K −and J/ψ →μ+μ−are sensitive to the CP -violation phase β s = arg((−V ts V tb ∗)/(V cs V cb ∗)), predicted to be very small in the standard model. The analysis of B s 0 → J/ψϕ decays is also suitable for measuring the B s 0 lifetime, the decay width difference ΔΓ s between the B s 0 mass eigenstates, and the B s 0 oscillation frequency Δm even if appreciable CP violation does not occur. In this paper we present normalized probability densities useful in maximum likelihood fits, extended to allow for S -wave K + K − contributions on one hand and for direct CP violation on the other. Our treatment of the S -wave contributions includes the strong variation of the S -wave/P -wave amplitude ratio with m (K + K −) across the ϕ resonance, which was not considered in previous work. We include a scheme for re-normalizing the probability densities after detector sculpting of the angular distributions of the final state particles, and conclude with an examination of the symmetries of the rate formulae, with and without an S -wave K + K − contribution. All results are obtained with the use of a new compact formalism describing the differential decay rate of B s 0 mesons into J/ψϕ final states.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we have obtained the first evidence for B meson decays into χc mesons. The inclusive branching ratio for the decay B → χc X was measured to the (1.05±0.35±0.25)% assuming no χc2 production. In addition, four candidates for the exclusive decay B± → χc1K± have been observed, corresponding to a branching ratio of (0.19 ± 0.13 ± 0.06)%.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the microarchitecture and trabecular bone strength at the distal region of the femur, and its biomechanical properties with simvastatin administration with two different doses in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Ninety rats were divided into six groups to evaluate treatment with the simvastatin drug (n = 15): SH (Sham surgery), SH‐5 (5 mg simvastatin), SH‐20 (20 mg simvastatin), OVX, OVX‐5, and OVX‐20. Euthanasia was performed at three different times, five animals per period: 7, 14, and 28 days. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated by mechanical testing and histomorphometric analysis of the femurs. The results of analysis by the linear model of mixed effects showed 20 mg of simvastatin results in increased trabecular bone after 14 days ( P = 0.039) of ingestion in ovariectomized animals. However, ingestion of 5 mg of simvastatin is able to sensitize the trabecular bone only at 28 days ( P = 0.005) of ingestion. In the mechanical tests stiffness improves within 28 days ( P = 0.003). Regarding maximum strength, no statistical differences were observed. According to these results, it can be concluded that for a decrease in oral intake, longer treatment times are required. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:684–690, 2016 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS-II storage ring at DESY, we have measured the inclusive semileptonic branching ratio of charmed hadrons produced in e+e− annihilition at =10 GeV to be BR(c→eveX)=(9.8±0.9±0.5 0.6)% and BR(c→μvμX)=(8.6±1.7±0.70.8)%.

We review the status of bottom quark physics at the CDF experiment. The measurements reported are based on about 110 pb -1 of data collected at the Fermilab Tevatron [Formula: see text] Collider operating at [Formula: see text]. In particular, we review results on B hadron lifetimes, measurements of the time dependence of [Formula: see text] oscillations, and a search for CP violation in [Formula: see text] decays. Prospects for future B physics at CDF in the next run of the Tevatron Collider, starting in the year 2000, are also presented.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e- storage ring DORIS II at DESY, we have observed the decay Ds+ → η'π+ in two decay modes of the η'. We measure the ratio of branching ratios BR(Ds+ → η'π+)/BR(Ds+ → Øπ+) to be 2.5±0.5±0.3.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e- storage ring using DORIS II at DESY, we have observed a new decay channel for the excited charm-strange meson Ds1(2536)+→D∗OK+. The production cross section for the Ds1(2536)+ decaying via this channel is measured to be σ (Ds1(2536)+)·BR(Dsl(2536)+→D∗0K+)= 18±4±3 pb at ECM = 10.4 GeV. The mass of the Ds1(2536)+ is found to be 2535.2 ± 0.5±1.5 MeV/c2 in agreement with the value obtained from an analysis of the Ds1(2536)+→D∗+K0s decay channel. The natural width is determined to be less than 3.9 MeV/c2 at 90%CL.

Using the detector ARGUS at thee + e − storage ring DORIS II, we have investigated inclusive momentum spectra of charged pions, kaons, and protons from decays of the υ(4S) meson. The kaon spectra have been measured in two independent ways, by coherently exploiting the detector's particle identification capabilities, and by detecting decays in-flight. The extracted mean multiplicities for charged hadrons are 7.17±0.05±0.14 pions, 1.56±0.03±0.05 kaons and 0.110±0.010±0.007 protons per υ(4S) decay, where pions and protons fromK and Δ decays have been subtracted.

Two-photon production of the hadronic final states K+K−π+π− and K+K−π+π0π− has been studied using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY. The cross sections of the reactions γγ → øϱ0 and γγ → øω have been measured for the first time. In addition, angular distrubutions have been determined for the reaction γγ → øϱ0 → K+K−π+π−.

Exclusive semileptonicB decays with aD *+ meson in the final state have been studied using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II storage ring. The branching ratio for the decay $$\bar B^0 \to D^{* + } \ell ^ - \bar v$$ , where ℓ- is eithere − or μ-, has been measured to be (5.2±0.5±0.6)%. A significant rate for the decay $$\bar B \to D^{**} \ell ^ - \bar v$$ has been observed. From an angular analysis of the cascade $$\bar B^0 \to D^{* + } ( \to D^0 \pi ^ + )\ell ^ - \bar v$$ the forward-backward asymmetryA FB and theD *+ polarization parameter α have been determined to beA FB=0.20±0.08±0.06 and α=1.1±0.4±0.2.

A search has been performed for rareB meson decays intoD − mesons arising fromb→u transitions,W exchange modes,B + annihilation processes, and decays where theD + is not produced via aW→c $$\bar s$$ quark pair coupling, using the ARGUS detector operating on the Ψ(4S) resonance at thee + e − storage ring DORIS II. Upper limits for individual decay modes are obtained. In addition, from a study ofD + ℓ- correlations an upper limit of BR (B→D + ℓ- X) (90% CL) is determined.

Observation of the semileptonic decay of the charmed baryon in the decay channel has been made using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY. The cross section times branching ratio was found to be .

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of pigments on surface hardness of four acrylic resins subjected to thermocycling and analyze their elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).Twenty-one discs of each resin were fabricated, whereas seven had no additive, seven had 3% of nanoscale pigments and last seven had 10% of them. The percentage was obtained by measuring the total weight of each resin disc. Besides, seven discs composed by only nanoscale pigments were also fabricated, totalizing 91 discs. The pigment was weighed by using an analytical balance (BEL Analytical Equipment, SP, Brazil). The surface hardness was measured through a hardness tester machine before and after thermocycling (5-55°C, for 2000 cycles). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). The chemical composition of the discs composed only by nanoscale pigments was analyzed with EDS test.Hardness of all resins decreased after thermocycling. The lowest values were observed on the discs with 3% of nanoscale pigments and discs fabricated only with them. EDS showed the presence of titanium dioxide.Discs with 7% of pigments (after thermocycling) showed higher hardness values.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, penguin decays of B mesons involving b→sX+X− have been searched for, where X is one of e, μ, π, or K. No evidence for these decays was found and upoer limits are quoted. These numbers represent important constraints of flavour-changing neutral currents in B meson decays and probe the heavy-quark and Higgs sectors of the standard model.

Using the ARGUS detector at thee + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY, a study ofB 0 $$\bar B^0 $$ oscillations has been performed using three different techniques. Besides the standard dilepton method, charge correlations betweenD * mesons and one or two leptons have also been investigated. The mixing parameterr is determined to be (20.6±7.0)%.

We report on the first observation of Δ(1232)++ and Δ(1232)++¯ baryons in e+e− annihilation at energies around 10 GeV, using the ARGUS detector at DORIS II. The sum of the rates of Δ++ and Δ++¯ per hadronic event in the continuum is measured to be 0.040±0.008±0.006, and the rate in direct ϒ(1S) decays is 0.124±0.016±0.015. The momentum spectrum of Δ++ baryons in direct ϒ(1S) decays has been measured.

The online Data Quality Monitoring system (DQM) of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is a crucial operational tool that allows ECAL experts to quickly identify, localize, and diagnose a broad range of detector issues that would otherwise hinder physics-quality data taking. Although the existing ECAL DQM system has been continuously updated to respond to new problems, it remains one step behind newer and unforeseen issues. Using unsupervised deep learning, a real-time autoencoder-based anomaly detection system is developed that is able to detect ECAL anomalies unseen in past data. After accounting for spatial variations in the response of the ECAL and the temporal evolution of anomalies, the new system is able to efficiently detect anomalies while maintaining an estimated false discovery rate between $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-4}$, beating existing benchmarks by about two orders of magnitude. The real-world performance of the system is validated using anomalies found in 2018 and 2022 LHC collision data. Additionally, first results from deploying the autoencoder-based system in the CMS online DQM workflow for the ECAL barrel during Run 3 of the LHC are presented, showing its promising performance in detecting obscure issues that could have been missed in the existing DQM system.

We review recent measurements of heavy B hadron states including masses and lifetimes of the Bc meson as well as excited B states (B**, Bs**). We discuss properties of the Bs meson such as lifetime, lifetime difference delta_Gamma/Gamma and CP violation in Bs -> J/Psi Phi decays. We also summarize new measurements of the masses and lifetimes of bottom baryons including the Lambda_b baryon, the Sigma_b baryon states as well as the Xi_b and Omega_b baryons.

All scientific claims of gravitational wave discovery to date rely on the offline statistical analysis of candidate observations in order to quantify significance relative to background processes. The current foundation in such offline detection pipelines in experiments at LIGO is the matched-filter algorithm, which produces a signal-to-noise-ratio-based statistic for ranking candidate observations. Existing deep-learning-based attempts to detect gravitational waves, which have shown promise in both signal sensitivity and computational efficiency, output probability scores. However, probability scores are not easily integrated into discovery workflows, limiting the use of deep learning thus far to non-discovery-oriented applications. In this paper, the Deep Learning Signal-to-Noise Ratio (DeepSNR) detection pipeline, which uses a novel method for generating a signal-to-noise ratio ranking statistic from deep learning classifiers, is introduced, providing the first foundation for the use of deep learning algorithms in discovery-oriented pipelines. The performance of DeepSNR is demonstrated by identifying binary black hole merger candidates versus noise sources in open LIGO data from the first observation run. High-fidelity simulations of the LIGO detector responses are used to present the first sensitivity estimates of deep learning models in terms of physical observables. The robustness of DeepSNR under various experimental considerations is also investigated. The results pave the way for DeepSNR to be used in the scientific discovery of gravitational waves and rare signals in broader contexts, potentially enabling the detection of fainter signals and never-before-observed phenomena.

Upper limits on branching ratios for six neutrinoless leptonic, 16 semileptonic, two radiative-leptonic, two radiative-hadronic and three purely hadronic τ decays have been determined. The results improve over previously published ones by about a factor of two. For the first time the lepton and baryon number violating decays $$\tau ^ - \to \bar p\gamma ,\tau ^ - \to \bar p\pi ^0 $$ and $$\tau ^ - \to \bar p\eta $$ have been investigated. The 90% confidence level (CL) limits for the corresponding branching ratios amount to 2.9×10−4, 6.6×10−4 and 1.3×10−3 respectively.

The production ofD *(2010)+ andJ/ψ mesons and prompt leptons has been investigated ine + e − interactions at the Ψ(1S) resonance energy. The data were collected at the storage ring DORIS II at DESY with the ARGUS detector. We obtain upper limits of BRdir (ϒ (1S)→D *(2010)±+X)<0.019 (forx p >0.2) and BRdir (ϒ(1S)→J/ψ+X)<0.68×10−3, both at the 90% confidence level. From the prompt lepton analysis, a model dependent limit of BRdir (ϒ(1S)→Y c +X)<0.034 (Y c denoting a charm-containing particle) is derived.

Abstract Swietenia species are the most valuable American tropical timbers and have been heavily overexploited for decades. The three species are listed as either vulnerable or endangered by IUCN and are included on Appendix II of CITES, yet illegal exploitation continues. Here, we used restriction associated DNA sequencing to develop a new set of 120 SNP markers for Swietenia sp., suitable for MassARRAY®iPLEX™ genotyping. These markers can be used for population genetic studies and timber tracking purposes.

Abstract The Intermediate Silicon Layers Detector is presently being built as part of the CDF upgrades to prepare for the next Tevatron data taking run, scheduled to start in the year 2000. The ISL will be located in the radial region between the Silicon Vertex Detector and the Central Outer Tracker. It will add tracking in the forward region and significantly improve tracking in the central region. Together with the SVX II, the ISL forms a standalone, 3D silicon tracker. In this article we present the design of the ISL and the current status of its construction.

After a five year upgrade period, the CDF detector located at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider is back in operation taking high quality data with all subsystems functional. We report on the status of the CDF experiment in Run II and discuss the start-up of the Tevatron accelerator. First physics results from CDF are presented. We also discuss the prospects for B physics in Run II, in particular the measurements of Bs flavour oscillations and CP violation in B decays.

We present searches for quark-lepton compositeness and a heavy W' boson at high electron-neutrino transverse mass. We use ~110/pb of data collected in p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV by the CDF collaboration during 1992--95. The data are consistent with standard model expectations. Limits are set on the quark-lepton compositeness scale Lambda and the ratio of partial cross sections sigma (W' -> e nu) / sigma (W -> e nu). The cross section ratio is used to obtain a lower limit on the mass of a W' boson with standard model couplings. We exclude Lambda < 2.81 TeV and a W' boson with mass below 754 GeV/c^2 at the 95% confidence level. We combine the W' mass limit with our previously published limit obtained using the muon channel, to exclude a W' boson with mass below 786 GeV/c^2 at the 95% confidence level.

Differential rates in the decay B 0 s → J/ � with � → K + K − andJ/ → µ + µ − are sensitive to the CP-violation phases = arg((−VtsV ∗ tb )/(VcsV ∗ cb )), predicted to be very small in the standard model. The analysis of B 0 → J/ � decays is also suitable for measuring theB 0 s lifetime, the decay width differences between theB 0 mass eigenstates, and the B 0 oscillation frequencym even if appreciable CP violation does not occur. In this paper we present normalized probability densities useful in maximum likelihood fits, extended to allow for S-wave K + K − contributions on one hand and for directCP violation on the other. Our treatment of the S-wave contributions includes the strong variation of the S-wave/P-wave amplitude ratio with m(K + K − ) across theresonance, which was not considered in previous work. We include a scheme for re-normalizing the probability densities after detector sculpting of the angular distributions of the final state particles, and conclude with an examination of the symmetries of the rate formulae, with and without an S-wave K + K − contribution. All results are obtained with the use of a new compact formalism describing the differential decay rate of B 0 mesons into J/ � final states.

We discuss the physics of B0s mesons focusing on CP violation in B0s -> J/Psi Phi decays at the Tevatron. We summarize measurements of the properties of bottom baryons at the Tevatron including the Sigma_b states and the Xi_b baryon. We also discuss the discovery of the Omega_b baryon.

We describe a novel application of the end-to-end deep learning technique to the task of discriminating top quark-initiated jets from those originating from the hadronization of a light quark or a gluon. The end-to-end deep learning technique uses low-level detector representation of high-energy collision event as inputs to deep learning algorithms. In this study, we use low-level detector information from the simulated Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) open data samples to construct the top jet classifiers. To optimize classifier performance we progressively add low-level information from the CMS tracking detector, including pixel detector reconstructed hits and impact parameters, and demonstrate the value of additional tracking information even when no new spatial structures are added. Relying only on calorimeter energy deposits and reconstructed pixel detector hits, the end-to-end classifier achieves an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) score of $0.975\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002$ for the task of classifying boosted top quark jets. After adding derived track quantities, the classifier AUC score increases to $0.9824\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0013$, serving as the first performance benchmark for these CMS open data samples.

We show that the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a powerful instrument in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). LIGO's ability to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from astrophysical sources, such as binary black hole mergers, also provides the potential to detect extraterrestrial mega-technology, such as Rapid and/or Massive Accelerating spacecraft (RAMAcraft). We show that LIGO is sensitive to RAMAcraft of 1 Jupiter mass accelerating to a fraction of the speed of light (e.g. 30\%) from $10 - 100\,$kpc or a Moon mass from $1-10\,$pc. While existing SETI searches can probe on the order of ten-thousand stars for human-scale technology (e.g. radio waves), LIGO can probe all 10$^{11}$ stars in the Milky Way for RAMAcraft. Moreover, thanks to the $f^{-1}$ scaling of RAMAcraft signals, our sensitivity to these objects will increase as low-frequency detectors are developed and improved, allowing for the detection of smaller masses further from Earth. In particular, we find that DECIGO and the Big Bang Observer (BBO) will be about 100 times more sensitive than LIGO, increasing the search volume by 10$^{6}$, while LISA and Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) may improve sensitivities to objects with long acceleration periods. In this paper, we calculate the waveforms for linearly-accelerating RAMAcraft in a form suitable for LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA searches and provide the range for a variety of masses and accelerations. We expect that the current and upcoming GW detectors will soon become an excellent complement to the existing SETI efforts.

This paper reviews the spectroscopy and decay of B hadrons at the Tevatron. We discuss the spectroscopy of excited B states (B**, Bs**) and the observation of the Sigma_b baryon at the Tevatron. The second part of this review discusses the decays of B hadrons and measurements of branching fractions. We focus on charmless two-body decays of B-&gt;hh.

We review recent result on heavy quark physics at TeV energies focusing on Run II measurements from the CDF and DO experiments at the Tevatron.

After a five year upgrade period, the Fermilab experiments CDF and DO are taking high quality data in Run II of the Tevatron Collider. We report on the start-up of both detectors and present a selection of first B physics results from the Tevatron. We also compare different B hadron producers such as the Y(4S) with the hadron collider environment and discuss general features of B physics at a hadron collider.