Mojtaba Mohammadi Najafabadi

The successful operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent performance of the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE detectors in Run-1 and Run-2 with $pp$ collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV as well as the giant leap in precision calculations and modeling of fundamental interactions at hadron colliders have allowed an extraordinary breadth of physics studies including precision measurements of a variety physics processes. The LHC results have so far confirmed the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics up to unprecedented energy scales and with great precision in the sectors of strong and electroweak interactions as well as flavour physics, for instance in top quark physics. The upgrade of the LHC to a High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC) at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy with 3 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity will probe the Standard Model with even greater precision and will extend the sensitivity to possible anomalies in the Standard Model, thanks to a ten-fold larger data set, upgraded detectors and expected improvements in the theoretical understanding. This document summarises the physics reach of the HL-LHC in the realm of strong and electroweak interactions and top quark physics, and provides a glimpse of the potential of a possible further upgrade of the LHC to a 27 TeV $pp$ collider, the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), assumed to accumulate an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$^{-1}$.

Axion-like particles (ALPs) appear from spontaneous global symmetry breaking in many extensions of the Standard Model (SM). In this paper, we find bounds on ALP ($a$) model parameters at the LHC from the ALP production associated with a photon and a jet ($j+\gamma+a$) as well as single top and top quark pairs ($t+j+a$, $t\bar{t}+a$) in a model independent approach. In particular, it is shown that the ALP production associated with a photon plus a jet at the LHC is a promising channel with significant sensitivity to probe the ALP couplings to gluons and electroweak gauge bosons. The prospects are presented at the High Luminosity LHC including a realistic detector simulation and pile up effects. Furthermore, the ALP model is examined through its contributions to the top quark (chromo)magnetic dipole moments. It is shown that the top quark magnetic and chromomagnetic dipole moments enable us to probe the ALP couplings to top quark and gauge bosons at a time. The constraints are complementary to those obtained from direct searches, as they are sensitive to light ALPs.

A renormalizable UV model for axionlike particles or hidden photons, which may explain the dark matter, usually involves a dark Higgs field, which is a singlet under the standard model (SM) gauge group. The dark sector can couple to the SM particles via the portal coupling between the SM-like Higgs and dark Higgs fields. Through this coupling, the dark sector particles can be produced in either the early Universe or the collider experiments. Interestingly, not only the SM-like Higgs boson can decay into the light dark bosons, but also a light dark Higgs boson may be produced and decay into the dark bosons in a collider. In this paper, we perform the first collider search for invisible decays by taking both the Higgs bosons into account. We use a multivariate technique to best discriminate the signal from the background. We find that a large parameter region can be probed at the International Linear Collider operating at the center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV. In particular, even when the SM-like Higgs invisible decay is a few orders of magnitude below the planned sensitivity reaches of the International Linear Collider and the high luminosity LHC, the scenario can be probed by the invisible decay of the dark Higgs boson produced via a similar diagram. Measuring the dark Higgs boson decay into the dark sector will be a smoking gun signal of the light dark sector. A similar search of the dark sector would be expected in, e.g., the Cool Copper Collider, the Circular Electron Positron Collider, the Compact Linear Collider, and the Future Circular electron-positron Collider.

The top quark with its large Yukawa coupling is crucially important to explore TeV scale physics. Therefore, the study of the Higgs-top sector is highly motivated to look for any deviations from the standard model predictions. The most general lowest-order Lagrangian for the Higgs-top Yukawa coupling has scalar ($\ensuremath{\kappa}$) and pseudoscalar ($\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$) components. Currently, these couplings are constrained indirectly using the present experimental limits on the Higgs-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and Higgs-gluon-gluon couplings. Furthermore, stronger bounds on $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$ are obtained using the limits on the electric dipole moments (EDM). In this paper, we propose an asymmetrylike observable ${O}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}$ in $t\overline{t}H$ production at the LHC to probe the Higgs-top coupling and to distinguish between the scalar and pseudoscalar components. We also show that the presence of the pseudoscalar component in the Higgs-top Yukawa coupling leads to a sizeable value for the top quark EDM. It is shown that a limit of $1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}19}\text{ }\text{ }e.\mathrm{cm}$, which is achievable by the future ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}$ collider, allows us to exclude a significant region in the $(\ensuremath{\kappa},\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}})$ plane.

We study the anomalous production of a single top quark in association with a Higgs boson at the LHC originating from flavor-changing neutral current interactions in $tqg$ and $tqH$ vertices. We derive the discovery potentials and 68% C.L. upper limits considering leptonic decay of the top quark and the Higgs boson decay into a $b\overline{b}$ pair with $10\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ integrated luminosity of data in proton-proton collisions at the center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. We propose a charge ratio for the lepton in top quark decay in terms of lepton ${p}_{T}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ as a strong tool to observe the signal. In particular, we show that the charge ratio increases significantly at large ${p}_{T}$ of the charged lepton, while the main background from $t\overline{t}$ is nearly charge symmetric and the $W+\text{jets}$ background has much smaller charge ratio with respect to the signal. We show that this feature can also be used in the probe of anomalous single top production with a $Z$ boson or a photon that is under the attention of the experimental collaborations.

In this paper, we examine the potential of Higgs boson production associated with a photon at the LHC to probe the new physics effects in the framework of the standard model effective field theory. It is shown that the differential kinematic distributions such as photon transverse momentum and invariant mass of Higgs+γ in Higgs associated production are powerful variables to explore the coefficients of dimension six operators. The analysis is performed in the decay channel of Higgs boson into a bb¯ pair including the main sources of background processes and a realistic simulation of the detector effects. We provide constraints at 95% confidence level on the Wilson coefficients of dimension-six operators affecting Higgs boson plus a photon production. We show to what extent these limits could be improved at the high luminosity LHC. The effect of these constraints on a well-motivated beyond standard model scenario is presented.

We consider the electroweak production of a top quark in association with a photon at the LHC to probe the electroweak top quark couplings (t$\bar{\text{t}}\gamma$) as well as the triple gauge boson couplings (WW$\gamma$). The study is based on the modifications of the t$\bar{\text{t}}\gamma$ and WW$\gamma$ interactions via heavy degrees of freedom in the form of dimension-six operators which we add to the standard model Lagrangian. A binned angular asymmetry in single top quark plus photon events and cross section ratio are proposed to probe the anomalous t$\bar{\text{t}}\gamma$ and WW$\gamma$ couplings. It is shown that the proposed angular asymmetry can distinguish anomalous t$\bar{\text{t}}\gamma$, WW$\gamma$ couplings from the standard model prediction and yield a great sensitivity.

In this paper, a detailed study to probe the top quark Flavour-Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC) tqγ and tqZ at the future e−e+ collider FCC-ee in two different center-of-mass energies of 240 and 350 GeV is presented. A set of useful variables are proposed and used in a multivariate technique to separate signal e−e+→Z/γ→tq¯(t¯q) from Standard Model background processes. The study includes a fast detector simulation based on the delphes package to consider the detector effects. The upper limits on the FCNC branching ratios at 95% confidence level (CL) in terms of the integrated luminosity are presented. It is shown that with 300fb−1 of integrated luminosity of data, FCC-ee would be able to exclude the effective coupling strengths above O(10−4−10−5) which is corresponding to branching fraction of O(0.01−0.001)%. We show that moving to a high-luminosity regime leads to a significant improvement on the upper bounds on the top quark FCNC couplings to a photon or a Z boson.

We probe the dimension-six operators contributing to Higgs production in association with a $Z$ boson at the future high-luminosity electron-positron colliders. Potential constraints on dimension-six operators in the Higgs sector are determined by performing a shape analysis on the differential angular distribution of the Higgs and $Z$ boson decay products. The analysis is performed at the center-of-mass energies of 350 and 500 GeV including a realistic detector simulation and the main sources of background processes. The 68% and 95% confidence level upper limits are obtained on the contributing anomalous couplings considering only the decay of the Higgs boson into a pair of b-quarks and leptonic $Z$ boson decay. Our results show that angular observables provide a great sensitivity to the anomalous couplings, in particular, at the high-luminosity regime.

The capability of the LHC to study the electromagnetic dipole moments of the top quark is discussed. In particular, the process $pp\to p\gamma\gamma p\to pt\bar{t}p$, which is supposed to be tagged by the forward/backward detectors at the LHC experiments, is used to explore the top quark electric and magnetic moments. We perform analytical calculations and then a numerical analysis on the sensitivity of the total cross section of the top quark pair production in $\gamma\gamma$ scattering at the LHC to the anomalous top quark couplings with photon. It is shown that improvements in the bounds on the electromagnetic dipole moments of the top quark can be achieved in this channel in comparison with the constraints from the former studies.

Large top-quark flavor changing through neutral currents is expected by many extensions of the standard model. Direct and indirect searches for flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC) in the top-quark decays to an up-type quark (up, charm) and a Higgs boson are presented. We probe the observability of the top-Higgs FCNC couplings through the process ${\mathrm{e}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{e}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}t(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\ell}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}b)\overline{t}(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}qH)$, where $\ensuremath{\ell}=\mathrm{e}$, $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and $q$ reflects up and charm quarks. It is shown that the branching ratio $\mathrm{Br}(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}qH)$ can be probed down to $1.12\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ at 95% C.L. at the center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV with an integrated luminosity of $3000\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We also update the constraint on the top-Higgs FCNC coupling using the electroweak precision observables related to $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\overline{c}$ decay.

According to the Standard Model (SM), we expect to find a proton for each decaying neutron. However, the experiments counting the number of decayed neutrons and produced protons disagree. This discrepancy suggests that neutrons might have an exotic decay channel to Dark Sector (DS) particles. In this paper, we explore a scenario where neutrons decay to a dark Dirac fermion $\ensuremath{\chi}$ and a non-Abelian dark gauge boson ${W}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. In our proposed scenario, the DS has three portals with the SM sector: (1) the fermion portal coming from the mixing of the neutron with $\ensuremath{\chi}$, (2) a scalar portal, and (3) a nonrenormalizable kinetic mixing between photon and dark gauge bosons which induces a vector portal between the two sectors. We discuss the cosmological implications of this scenario assuming DS particles are produced via freeze-in. The fermion and the scalar portal leads to the overproduction of DS particles by the time of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and thus we disable these two portals in the early universe. For that, we require the maximum temperature of the universe to be lower than ${m}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}$. We rely on the vector portal to connect the two sectors in the early universe, and we discuss the phenomenological bounds on the model. The main constraints come from the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, ensuring the right relic abundance of dark matter, and the observation of large neutron stars.

Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) are pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneously broken global U(1) symmetries. Such particles can have lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) couplings to the SM charged leptons. LFV ALPs provide the possibility to address some of the SM long-lasting problems. We investigate the sensitivity of a future muon collider suggested by the Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) to the production of LFV ALPs in the ALP mass range ma≤1 MeV. ALPs are assumed to be produced through the LFV decay τ→ℓa (ℓ=e,μ) of one of the tau leptons produced in the muon-anti muon annihilation. Performing a realistic detector simulation and deploying a multivariate technique, we constrain the LFV couplings cτe and cτμ for both the cases of unpolarized and polarized muon beams. Three different chiral structures are considered for the LFV ALP coupling and the muon collider is assumed to operate at the center-of-mass energies of 126, 350 and 1500 GeV. We present a procedure to search for LFV ALPs at colliders which takes advantage of tau polarization-induced effects. Polarized tau leptons which produce such effects can be produced when the initial muon beams are polarized. Utilizing the properties of polarized tau decays, the main SM background which overwhelms the ALP production in the case of unpolarized muon beams can be significantly suppressed. We present 95% CL expected limits on the LFV couplings and show that the present analysis can improve current experimental limits on the ALP LFV couplings by roughly one order of magnitude.

In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of the three-top quark production at the LHC to the top quark flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC) as well as the sensitivity of the four-top production to the strong and weak dipole moments of the top quark. Upper limits at $95\%$ CL on the branching fractions of $\mathcal{B}(t\rightarrow qX)$, where $X = g, Z, \gamma, H$ and $q=u,c$, are set by performing an analysis on three-top events in the same-sign dilepton channel. We consider the main sources of the background processes and a realistic detector simulation is performed at the center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. In the second part of this work, based on the recent upper limits which have been set on the four-top quark cross section by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations from 13 TeV data, we constrain the top quark strong and weak dipole moments. The bounds on the top quark dipole moments are presented using the future LHC prospects for four-top quark cross section measurement.

The improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) are designed using thin low resistivity High-Pressure Laminate (HPL) gaps. They are proposed to equip the very forward region of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector, as they can stand rates ∼2kHz/cm2. To withstand 3 times higher rates than the installed CMS RPC chambers, the HPL electrode thickness was reduced from 2 mm to 1.4 mm. The gas gain of the detector is dependent on the gas pressure and temperature which requires correcting for the applied voltage to keep detector operational characteristics such as efficiency, cluster size and noise rate constant. Herein, we study the pressure correction at constant temperature for CMS iRPC and compare its correction coefficient with the one for the 2 mm RPC gap technology. Pressure correction parameters for both technologies are found compatible.

In view of the High Luminosity LHC, the CMS Muon system will be upgraded to sustain its efficient muon triggering and reconstruction performance. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are dedicated detectors for muon triggering due to their excellent timing resolution. The RPC system will be extended up to 2.4 in pseudorapidity. Before the LHC Long Shutdown 3, new RE3/1 and RE4/1 stations of the forward Muon system will be equipped with improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) having, compared to the present RPC system, a different design and geometry and 2D strip readout. This advanced iRPC geometry configuration allows the rate capability to improve and hence survive the harsh background conditions during the HL-LHC phase. Several iRPC demonstrator chambers were installed in CMS during the recently completed 2nd Long Shutdown to study the detector behaviour under real LHC conditions. This paper summarizes the iRPC project and its schedule, including the status of the iRPC production sites, details of the chamber quality control procedures and results of the commissioning of the demonstrator chambers.

In view of the High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN LHC, the forward CMS Muon spectrometer will be extended with two new stations of improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) covering the pseudorapidity range from 1.8 to 2.4. Compared to the present RPC system, the gap thickness is reduced to lower the avalanche charge, and an innovative 2D strip readout geometry is proposed. These improvements will allow iRPC detector to cope with higher background rates. A new Front-End-Board (FEB) is designed to readout iRPC signals with a threshold as low as 30 fC and an integrated Time Digital Converter with a resolution of 30 ps. In addition, the communication bandwidth is significantly increased by using optical fibers. The history, final design, certification, and calibration of this FEB are presented.

This paper employs the $H+b+\text{jets}$ signature in proton-proton collisions to explore the structure of the $Hb\bar{b}$ couplings.The focus of the analysis lies in the decay of the Higgs boson into a photon pair, taking into account both reducible and irreducible backgrounds and a realistic simulation of the detector effects. To enhance the discrimination between signal and background, a multivariate analysis is employed to analyse the kinematic variables and optimise the signal-to-background ratio. The results indicate that the $H+b+\text{jets}$ process can significantly contribute to the precise measurement of CP-even and CP-odd couplings between the bottom quark and the Higgs boson at the LHC and FCC-hh. Finally, a novel asymmetry is introduced for the purpose of probing CP violation within the $Hb\bar{b}$ coupling, formulated exclusively based on lab-frame momenta.

We study the effects of chromoelectric and chromomagnetic dipole moments (CEDM and CMDM) on the production cross section of single top $tW$-channel at the LHC based on the effective Lagrangian approach. We show that the impact of CEDM and CMDM could be large. Using the experimental measurement of the $tW$-channel cross section, constraints on CEDM and CMDM are extracted. These constraints are comparable with the ones obtained from the top pair analysis.

The HZγ coupling, which is highly sensitive to the new physics beyond the standard model, is studied through the process pp→pγp→pHX at the LHC. To this purpose, an effective Lagrangian, in a model independent approach, with dimension six operators is considered in this paper. New interaction terms regarding beyond the standard model physics include the Higgs boson anomalous vertices in both CP-even and CP-odd structures. A detailed numerical analysis is performed to scrutinize the accurate constraints on the effective HZγ couplings and to discuss how far the corresponding bounds can be improved. This is achieved by testing all the efficient Higgs decay channels and increasing the integrated luminosity at three different forward detector acceptance regions. The numerical results propose that the Higgs photoproduction at the LHC, as a complementary channel, has a great potential of exploring the HZγ couplings.

Axionlike particles (ALPs) are pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneously broken global symmetries emerging in many extensions of the Standard Model. Assuming the most general effective Lagrangian up to dimension-5 operators for an ALP interacting with the Standard Model fields, we investigate for the first time the sensitivity of the LHC13 to the ALP production in association with a di-jet. This study is focused on light ALPs which appear as invisible particles at the detector. Performing a realistic detector simulation and deploying a multivariate technique to best discriminate the signal from backgrounds, we set expected upper bounds on the ALP coupling to gluons. A comprehensive set of background processes is considered, and it is shown that this process provides significant sensitivity to the ALP-gluon coupling and the resulting bound is more stringent than those already obtained at the LHC. We also present prospects for the HE-LHC27 and FCC-hh100 and show that these future colliders are able to improve the limits from the LHC by roughly one order of magnitude.

The potential of LHC for investigation of the W-t-b vertex through the tW channel of single top quark production is studied. Unlike the other two single top quark production processes (t-channel and s-channel), the tW channel provides the possibility to study the Wtb vertex without receiving contamination from FCNC. This study has been done at parton level but is involved the separation of signal from backgrounds when both W-bosons decay to leptons. In this study is assumed to be conserved. The 68% C.L. bounds on the non-Standard Model couplings are estimated.

In this paper we show that the diphoton mass spectrum in proton–proton collisions at the LHC is sensitive to the top quark flavor changing neutral current in the vertices of tuγ and tcγ. The diphoton mass spectrum measured by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 19.5fb−1 is used as an example to set limits on these FCNC couplings. It is also shown that the angular distribution of the diphotons is sensitive to anomalous tuγ and tcγ couplings and it is a powerful tool to probe any value of the branching fraction of top quark rare decay to an up-type quark plus a photon down to the order of 10−4.

We perform a search for beyond the standard model dimension-six operators relevant to the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) and the Future Circular Hadron Electron Collider (FCC-he). With a large amount of data (few ab$^{-1}$) and collisions at TeV scale, both LHeC and FCC-he provide excellent opportunities to search for the BSM effects. The study is done through the process $e^-p \to h j \nu_e$ where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of $b \bar{b}$ and we consider the main sources of background processes including a realistic simulation of detector effects. For the FCC-he case, in some signal scenarios to obtain an efficient event reconstruction and to have a good background rejection, jet substructure techniques are employed to reconstruct the boosted Higgs boson in the final state. In order to assess the sensitivity to the dimension-six operators, a shape analysis on the differential cross sections is performed. Stringent bounds are found on the Wilson coefficients of dimension-six operators with the integrated luminosities of 1 ab$^{-1}$ and 10 ab$^{-1}$ which in some cases show improvements with respect to the high-luminosity LHC results.

We define a lepton-based asymmetry in semi-leptonic ttbar production at the LHC. We show that the ratio of this lepton-based asymmetry and the ttbar charge asymmetry, measured as a function of the lepton transverse momentum or the ttbar invariant mass is a robust observable in the Standard Model. It is stable against higher order corrections and mis-modeling effects. We show that this ratio can also be a powerful discriminant among different new physics models and between them and the Standard Model. Finally, we show that a related ratio defined at the Tevatron is also robust as a function of the ttbar invariant mass.

Dark photons are predicted by various new physics models and are being intensively studied in a variety of experiments. In the first part of this paper, we obtain partial wave unitarity constraints on the dark photon parameter space from the allowed $VV\ensuremath{\rightarrow}VV$ scattering processes in the limit of large center-of-mass energy, where $V=W$, $Z$. In the second part of the paper, searches are performed using the expected differential rates with a realistic detector simulation including a comprehensive set of background processes on dilepton and dilepton plus a photon events at the High Luminosity LHC. In these searches, sensitive differential distributions are used in an optimized way to determine the sensitivity to dark photon parameter space. It is shown that remarkable sensitivity to the dark photon model is achieved, and kinetic mixing strength can be probed down to $(1.4\ensuremath{-}10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for dark photon mass between 15 GeV to 2 TeV. We also investigate the sensitivity of a future muon collider suggested by the muon accelerator program (MAP) to the dark photon model at different center-of-mass energies. It is shown that a future muon collider is able to reach a sensitivity to kinetic mixing at the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$.

We present a study to examine the sensitivity of a future<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>collider to the anomalous top flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) to the gluon. To separate signal from background a multivariate analysis is performed on top quark pair and background events, where one top quark is considered to follow the dominant standard model (SM) decay,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:math>, and the other top decays through FCNC,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:math>, where<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>q</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>is a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>- or a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-quark. The analysis of fully hadronic FCNC decay of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math>pair is also presented. The 95% confidence level limits on the top quark anomalous couplings are obtained for different values of the center-of-mass energies and integrated luminosities.

In this paper, we investigate the prospects of measuring the strong and weak dipole moments of the top quark at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Measurements of these couplings provide an excellent opportunity to probe new physics interactions as they have quite small magnitudes in the Standard Model. Our analyses are through studying the production cross sections of $t\bar{t}WW$ and $t\bar{t}ZZ$ processes in the same sign dilepton and four-lepton final states, respectively. The sensitivities to strong and weak top quark dipole interactions at the $95\%$ confidence level for various integrated luminosity scenarios are derived and compared with other studies. In addition to using the total cross sections, a novel handle based on an angular observable is introduced which is found to be sensitive to variations of the top quark strong dipole moments. We also investigate the sensitivity of the invariant mass of the system to the strong and weak dipole moments of the top quark.

An analytic expression for energy and angular dependence of a secondary charged lepton in the decay of a polarized top quark with anomalous tWb couplings in the presence of all anomalous couplings are derived. The angular distribution of the b-quark is derived as well. It is presented that the charged lepton spin correlation coefficient is not very sensitive to the anomalous couplings. However, the b-quark spin correlation coefficient is sensitive to anomalous couplings and could be used as a powerful tool in the search for non-SM coupling.

We study the production cross section of the t-channel single top quark at the LHC in the noncommutative space–time. It is shown that the deviation of the t-channel single top cross section from the Standard Model value because of noncommutativity is significant when |θ→|≳10−4GeV−2. Using the present experimental precision in measurement of the t-channel cross section, we apply upper limit on the noncommutative parameter. When a single top quark decays, there is a significant amount of angular correlation, in the top quark rest frame between the top spin direction and the direction of the charged lepton momentum from its decay. We study the effect of noncommutativity on the spin correlation and we find that depending on the noncommutative scale, the angular correlation can enhance considerably. Then, we provide limits on the noncommutative scale for various possible relative uncertainties on the spin correlation measurement.

In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study to probe the effects of large extra dimensions through double Higgs production in proton-proton collisions at the center-of-mass energies of 14, 33, and 100 TeV. We concentrate on the channel in which both Higgs bosons decay into the $b\overline{b}$ pair and take into account the main background contributions through realistic Monte Carlo simulations. In order to achieve an efficient event reconstruction and a good background rejection, jet substructure techniques are used to efficiently capture the boosted Higgs bosons in the final state. The expected limits on the model parameters are obtained based on the invariant mass and the angular properties of the final state objects. Depending on the number of extra dimensions, bounds up to 6.1, 12.5, and 28.1 TeV are set on the model parameter at proton-proton collisions with the center-of-mass energies of 14, 33, and 100 TeV, respectively.

In this paper, we study the sensitivity of the fraction of $t\bar{t}$ events arising from gluon-gluon fusion to the chromoelectric and chromomagnetic dipole moments (CEDM and CMDM) as well as the total and differential $t\bar{t}$ cross sections at the LHC and Tevatron. The sensitivity of measured charged asymmetry at the LHC to CEDM and CMDM is also studied. We find that at the Tevatron and the LHC, non-zero values of CMDM could suppress the $t\bar{t}$ production rate. It is shown that the ratio of $\sigma(gg\rightarrow t\bar{t})/\sigma(p\bar{p}\rightarrow t\bar{t})$ at the Tevatron is more sensitive to CEDM and CMDM than the LHC case. The presence of CEDM always increases the contribution of gluon-gluon fusion process in top pair rate at the Tevatron and LHC. Except for a small range of CMDM, the presence of CEDM and CMDM can increase the fraction of gluon-gluon fusion at the Tevatron and LHC. The measured ratio of $\sigma(gg\rightarrow t\bar{t})/\sigma(p\bar{p}\rightarrow t\bar{t})$ at the Tevatron is used to derive bounds on the chromoelectric and chromomagnetic dipole moments as well as the total and differential ($d\sigma/dm_{t\bar{t}}$) cross sections at the LHC and Tevatron, and the measured charged asymmetry at the LHC. The combination of $d\sigma_{TeV}/dm_{t\bar{t}}$ and $\sigma_{LHC}$ provides stringent limits on CMDM and CEDM.

The CMS experiment, located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in CERN, has a redundant muon system composed by three different gaseous detector technologies: Cathode Strip Chambers (in the forward regions), Drift Tubes (in the central region), and Resistive Plate Chambers (both its central and forward regions). All three are used for muon reconstruction and triggering. The CMS RPC system confers robustness and redundancy to the muon trigger. The RPC system operation in the challenging background and pileup conditions of the LHC environment is presented. The RPC system provides information to all muon track finders and thus contributing to both muon trigger and reconstruction. The summary of the detector performance results obtained with proton-proton collision at √s = 13 TeV during 2016 and 2017 data taking have been presented. The stability of the system is presented in terms of efficiency and cluster size vs time and increasing instantaneous luminosity. Data-driven predictions about the expected performance during High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) stage have been reported.

Abstract A new generation of resistive plate chambers, capable of withstanding high particle fluxes (up to 2000 Hz · cm -2 ) and instrumented with precise timing readout electronics is proposed to equip two of the four high pseudorapidity stations of the CMS muon system. Double-gap RPC detectors, with each gap made of two 1.4 mm High Pressure Laminate electrodes and separated by a gas gap of the same thickness, are proposed. The new layout reduces the amount of the avalanche charge produced by the passage of a charged particle through the detector. This improves the RPC rate capability by reducing the needed time to collect this charge. To keep the RPC efficiency high, a sensitive, low-noise and high time resolution front-end electronics is needed to cope with the lower charge signal of the new RPC. An ASIC called PETIROC that has all these characteristics has been selected to read out the strips of new chambers. Thin (0.6 mm) printed circuit board, 160 cm long, equipped with pickup strips of 0.75 cm average pitch, will be inserted between the two new RPC's gaps. The strips will be read out from both ends, and the arrival time difference of the two ends will be used to determine the hit position along the strip. Results from the improved RPC equipped with the new readout system and exposed to cosmic muons in the high irradiation environment at CERN GIF++ facility are presented in this work.

We investigate the prospect of the LHC for discovering new physics effects via new strategies in the same-sign top pair and same-sign top pair associated with a $W$ boson signatures. Significant enhancement in production of same-sign top quarks (plus a $W$ boson) is a joint property of several models beyond the standard model. We concentrate on the leptonic (electron and muon) decay of the top quarks and study the exclusion reach of the LHC data for a simplified model approach where top quark flavor changing could occur through a ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ or a neutral scalar $\ensuremath{\phi}$ exchange. Less background contributions and clean signature are the advantages of the leptonic decay mode of the top quarks in the same-sign production processes. A combination is performed on both same-sign top pair and same-sign top pair plus a $W$ boson production modes which enables us to reach a large fraction of the model parameter space. Assuming the couplings of new physics of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, the mass of a flavor changing ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ or a neutral scalar above 1 TeV could be excluded. We propose a momentum dependent charge asymmetry and angular observables in the same-sign top process which provide the possibility of separation of new physics signal from the SM backgrounds as well as discrimination of the flavor changing $tuX$ from $tcX$, where $X={Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, $\ensuremath{\phi}$.

The measured forward-backward asymmetry in top pair events at the Fermilab Tevatron collider deviates significantly from the standard model expectation. Several models have been proposed to describe the observed asymmetry which grows with the rapidity difference of the top pairs and also with the $t\bar{t}$ invariant mass. The presence of a heavy charged gauge boson $W'$ with the coupling $W'-t-d$ (left-handed, right-handed, and a mixture of left and right-handed couplings) could generate the desired top forward-backward asymmetry keeping the top pair cross section consistent with the standard model prediction. Such $W'$-boson makes contribution to the electric dipole moment of the neutron through contribution to the $d$-quark electric dipole moment, recently measured charge asymmetry ($A_{C}$) by the LHC experiments, and the total cross section of top pair at the LHC and Tevatron. We show that the upper bounds on neutron and top electric dipole moments disfavour any $W'$ with a mass below 240 GeV which could explain the Tevatron forward-backward asymmetry. It is shown that the charge asymmetry provides an allowed region in the parameters space with no overlap with the allowed region where the asymmetry could be described.

During Phase-2 of the LHC, known as the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the accelerator will increase its instantaneous luminosity to 5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1, delivering an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 over 10 years of operation starting from 2027. In view of the HL-LHC, the CMS muon system will be upgraded to sustain efficient muon triggering and reconstruction performance. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) serve as dedicated detectors for muon triggering due to their excellent timing resolution, and will extend the acceptance up to pseudorapidity values of |η|=2.4. Before Long Shutdown 3 (LS3), the RE3/1 and RE4/1 stations of the endcap will be equipped with new improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPCs) having different design and geometry than the present RPC system. The iRPC geometry configuration improves the detector's rate capability and its ability to survive the harsh background conditions of the HL-LHC . Also, new electronics with excellent timing performances (time resolution of less than 150 ps) are developed to read out the RPC detectors from both sides of the strips to allow for good spatial resolution along them. The performance of the iRPC has been studied with gamma radiation at the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) at CERN. Ongoing longevity studies will help to certify the iRPCs for the HL-LHC running period. The main detector parameters such as the current, rate and resistivity are regularly monitored as a function of the integrated charge. Preliminary results of the detector performance will be presented.

Lepton flavor violating interactions are absent in the standard model but are expected in various beyond standard models. In this work, the potential of the future circular electron-positron collider to probe the four fermion lepton flavor couplings via the $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow e^{\pm}\tau^{\mp}$ process is revisited by means of an effective field theory approach. We provide constraints at $95\%$ CL on the dimension-six Wilson coefficients including major sources of background processes and considering realistic detector effects at four expected operation energies $\sqrt{s}=157.5$, $162.5$, $240$ and $365$ GeV according to their corresponding integrated luminosities. We demonstrate that statistical combination of the results from four center-of-mass energies improves the sensitivity to the LFV couplings significantly. We compare the results with the prospects from Belle II with $50~ ab^{-1}$ and other studies at electron-positron colliders.

In this article we aim to estimate the bounds on the noncommutative scale ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{NC}}$ and to extract the 95% exclusion contours for some ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ components using the recent measurements of the top quark width and the $W$ boson polarization in top pair events from CDF experiments at Tevatron.

In this paper, we show that the $\ensuremath{\gamma}+\text{jet}$ invariant mass distribution in proton-proton collisions at the LHC is significantly sensitive to the quark chromomagnetic ($\ensuremath{\kappa}$) and chromoelectric ($\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$) dipole moments. It is shown that the presence of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ or $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$ leads to an increment of the cross section of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}+\text{jet}$ process, in particular, in the tail of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}+\text{jet}$ invariant mass distribution. Using the measured $\ensuremath{\gamma}+\text{jet}$ invariant mass distribution by the CMS experiment at the center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, we derive bounds on the quark chromoelectric and chromomagnetic dipole moments. In the extraction of the limits, we consider both theoretical and systematic uncertainties. The uncertainties originating from variation of the renormalization or factorization scales and the choice of proton parton distribution functions are taken into account as a function of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}+\text{jet}$ invariant mass. We exclude $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ or $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$ above $1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ at 95% confidence level. This is the most stringent direct upper limit on $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ or $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$.

We study the one-loop contribution of the effective flavor changing neutral couplings (FCNC) tcZ on the charm quark electric dipole moment. Using the known limits on the top and charm quarks electric dipole moments, we place limits on these FCNC anomalous couplings.

Among different measured observables of top-antitop quark pairs at hadron colliders, the forward-backward asymmetry (${A}_{\mathrm{FB}}$) measured by the CDF and D0 collaborations has inconsistency with the Standard Model prediction. The measured forward-backward asymmetry grows with $t\overline{t}$ invariant mass. Several new physics models have been proposed to explain this deviation. We consider the consistency of the parameter space of vector unparticle (in the flavor-conserving scenario) with the existing $t\overline{t}$ production measurements. In particular, we look at the total cross sections at the LHC and Tevatron, differential cross section with $t\overline{t}$ invariant mass, and the LHC charge asymmetry to identify the regions in parameter space that can give the desired top ${A}_{\mathrm{FB}}$ observed by the Tevatron. We show that, in spite of the intrinsic tension between the LHC charge asymmetry and ${A}_{\mathrm{FB}}$, there exists a small region in the unparticle parameters space where the top ${A}_{\mathrm{FB}}$ and the LHC charge asymmetry are satisfied simultaneously. Finally, we show that the consistent region with $t\overline{t}$ observables is consistent with the constraints coming from the dijet resonance searches.

Four double-gap CMS resistive plate chambers are being tested at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility to determine the performance and aging effects at the expected conditions of the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider. Results up to an integrated charge of 290 millicoulomb/cm2 are reported.

Abstract During the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the integrated luminosity of the accelerator will increase to 3000 fb −1 . The expected experimental conditions in that period in terms of background rates, event pileup, and the probable aging of the current detectors present a challenge for all the existing experiments at the LHC, including the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. To ensure a highly performing muon system for this period, several upgrades of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system of the CMS are currently being implemented. These include the replacement of the readout system for the present system, and the installation of two new RPC stations with improved chamber and front-end electronics designs. The current overall status of this CMS RPC upgrade project is presented.

The installation of forward detectors in CMS and ATLAS turn the LHC into an effective photon-photon collider. The elastic scattering of the beam protons via the emission of photons, which can be identified by tagging the intact protons in the forward detectors, provides a powerful diagnostic of the central production of new particles through photon-photon annihilation. In this paper we study the central production of dark matter particles and the potential of the LHC to constrain the cross section of this process. By virtue of the crossing symmetry, this limit can immediately be used to constrain the production of monochromatic gamma rays in dark matter annihilation, a smoking gun signal under investigation in indirect dark matter searches. We show that with the integrated luminosity $\mathcal{L}=30\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in the LHC at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, for dark matter masses $\ensuremath{\sim}(50--600)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, a model-independent constraint on the cross section of dark matter annihilation to monochromatic gamma rays at the same order of magnitude as the current Fermi-LAT and the future limits from CTA can be obtained.

With the increase of the LHC luminosity foreseen in the coming years, many detectors currently used in the different LHC experiments will be dramatically impacted and some need to be replaced or upgraded. The new ones should be capable to provide time information to reduce the data ambiguity due to the expected high pileup. We propose to equip CMS high |η| muon chambers with pairs of single gap RPC detectors read out by long pickup strips PCB. The precise time measurement (0<15 ps) of the signal induced by particles crossing the detector on both ends of each strip will give an accurate measurement of the position of the incoming particle along the strip. The absolute time measurement, determined by RPC signal (around 1.5 ns) will also reduce the data ambiguity due to the highly expected pileup and help to identify Heavy Stable Charged Particles (HSCP). The development of a specific electronic chain (analog front-end ASIC, time-to-digital converter stage and printed circuit board design) and the corresponding first results on prototype chambers are presented.

The CMS experiment recorded 177.75 /fb of proton-proton collision data during the RUN-1 and RUN-2 data taking period. Successful data taking at increasing instantaneous luminosities with the evolving detector configuration was a big achievement of the collaboration. The CMS RPC system provided redundant information for the robust muon triggering, reconstruction, and identification. To ensure stable data taking, the CMS RPC collaboration has performed detector operation, calibration, and performance studies. Various software and related tools are developed and maintained accordingly. In this paper, the overall performance of the CMS RPC system and experiences of the data taking during the RUN-2 period are summarised.

We study the s-channel single top quark production at the LHC in the context of extra dimension theories, including the Kaluza-Klein (KK) decomposition. It is shown that the presence of the first KK excitation of $W$ gauge boson can reduce the total cross section of s-channel single top production considerably if $M_{W_{KK}}\sim2.2 \rm TeV$ ($3.5 \rm TeV$) for $7\rm TeV$ ($14\rm TeV$) in proton-proton collisions. Then the results will be compared with the impacts of other beyond Standard Model (SM) theories on the cross section of single top s-channel. The possibility of distinguishing different models via their effects on the production cross section of the s-channel is discussed.

We study the angular correlation and the amount of top quark polarization in the production of a higgs boson in association with a single top quark in the t−channel at the LHC. We also study the effect of anomalous W t b couplings on the angular correlation and on the production cross section of the process. The cross section and angular correlation is almost insensitive to the variation of the Higgs boson mass within 3 GeV. The robustness of the angular correlation against the center-of-mass energy of the proton-proton collision, the variation of parton distribution functions, and the change of factorization scale is investigated. The sensitivity of this process to the anomalous couplings is examined.

The muon system of the CERN Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment includes more than a thousand Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). They are gaseous detectors operated in the hostile environment of the CMS underground cavern on the Large Hadron Collider where pp luminosities of up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1 are routinely achieved. The CMS RPC system performance is constantly monitored and the detector is regularly maintained to ensure stable operation. The main monitorable characteristics are dark current, efficiency for muon detection, noise rate etc. Herein we describe an automated tool for CMS RPC current monitoring which uses Machine Learning techniques. We further elaborate on the dedicated generalized linear model proposed already and add autoencoder models for self-consistent predictions as well as hybrid models to allow for RPC current predictions in a distant future.

During Run2 the high instantaneous luminosity, up to 2.21034cm−2s−1, lead to a substantial hit rate in the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment’s muon chambers due to multiple background sources to physics processes sought for at LHC. In this article we will describe the analysis method devised to measure and identify the contributions to such background in the Resistive Plate Chambers. Thorough understanding of the background rates provides the base for the upgrade of the muon detectors for the High-Luminosity LHC.

In this paper, we use the charged-current Higgs boson production process at future electron-proton colliders, $e^-p \to H j \nu_e$, with the subsequent decay of the Higgs boson into a $b\bar{b}$ pair, to probe the Standard Model effective field theory with dimension-six operators involving the Higgs boson and the bottom quark. The study is performed for two proposed future high-energy electron-proton colliders, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) and the Future Circular Collider (FCC-he) at the center-of-mass energies of 1.3 TeV and 3.46 TeV, respectively. Constraints on the CP-even and CP-odd $Hb\bar{b}$ couplings are derived by analyzing the simulated signal and background samples. A realistic detector simulation is performed and a multivariate technique using the gradient Boosted Decision Trees algorithm is employed to discriminate the signal from background. Expected limits are obtained at $95\%$ Confidence Level for the LHeC and FCC-he assuming the integrated luminosities of 1, 2 and 10 ab$^{-1}$. We find that using 1 ab$^{-1}$ of data, the CP-even and CP-odd $Hb\bar{b}$ couplings can be constrained with accuracies of the order of $10^{-3}$ and $10^{-2}$, respectively, and a significant region of the unprobed parameter space becomes accessible.

The present Compact Muon Solenoid Resistive Plate Chambers system has been worked efficiently during Run I and Run II of data taking period (Shah et al., 2020) [1]. In the coming years of operation with the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the expected rate and integrated charge are expected to be about 600 Hz/cm2 and 840 mC/cm2, respectively (including a safety factor of three). Therefore, the HL-LHC phase will be a challenge for the RPC system since the expected operating conditions are much harsher than those for which the detectors have been designed, and could introduce non-recoverable aging effects which can alter the detector properties. A longevity test has been started at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility to estimate the impact of HL-LHC conditions on the RPC detector performance in order to determine whether the RPC system will survive the harsher background conditions expected at HL-LHC. The latest results of the irradiation test will be presented.

For the High Luminosity (HL-LHC) upgrade an upgrade of the CMS detector is foreseen. One of the main projects is the development of the improved Resistive Plate Chamber (iRPC) detectors that will be installed in the forward region of CMS. To validate the performance of the new detector gaps with HL-LHC radiation levels, experimental tests have been conducted at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). One chamber equipped with electronics is studied and its parameters are monitored as a function of the accumulated charge.

In this paper, we examine the interactions of top quarks with the $Z$ boson using the top quark pair production associated with the neutrino pair ($t\overline{t}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{l}\overline{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{l}}$) at the LHC. In particular, potential constraints on the anomalous electroweak top quark interactions are determined by considering two opposite-sign charged leptons, missing energy, and two b-tagged jets in the final state. The analysis is performed for a high luminosity scenario of the LHC with an integrated luminosity of $3\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{ab}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. The 95% confidence intervals are computed on the anomalous couplings considering a realistic detector simulation of an upgraded CMS detector including an average of 200 proton-proton interactions per bunch crossing. We find that the $t\overline{t}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{l}\overline{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{l}}$ channel can provide stringent bounds on the relevant Wilson coefficients and has the potential to serve as an additional handle beside the $t\overline{t}Z(Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{l}^{+}{l}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ and other channels to search for new physics.

Our main aim in this paper is to constrain the effective field theory describing the top quark couplings through the e−e+→tt¯ + jet process. The analysis is carried out considering two different center-of-mass energies of 500 and 3000 GeV including a realistic simulation of the detector response and the main sources of background processes. The expected limits at 95% CL are derived on the new physics couplings such as tt¯γ, tt¯Z, and tt¯g for each benchmark scenario using the dileptonic tt¯ final state. We show that the 95% CL limits on dimensionless Wilson coefficients c¯i considered in this analysis could be probed down to 10−4.

Abstract The expected radiation background in the CMS RPC system has been studied using the MC prediction with the CMS FLUKA simulation of the detector and the cavern. The MC geometry used in the analysis describes very accurately the present RPC system but still does not include the complete description of the RPC upgrade region with pseudorapidity 1.9 &lt; |η| &lt; 2.4. Present results will be updated with the final geometry description, once it is available. The radiation background has been studied in terms of expected particle rates, absorbed dose and fluence. Two High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) scenarios have been investigated — after collecting 3000 and 4000 fb -1 . Estimations with safety factor of 3 have been considered, as well.

Abstract The present RPC Link System has been servicing as one of the CMS subsystems since installation in 2008. Although the current Link System has been functioning well for the past 13 years, the aging of its electronic components and lack of radiation hard ASICs could present problems for future operations. Additionally, the needs to have a more robust control interface against electromagnetic interference, to improve the trigger performance with finer time granularity and to incorporate a higher bandwidth transmission lines led the idea of upgrading the Link System for the HL-LHC. This paper reviews the features of the recently developed prototype of the new Link System.

Axionlike particles (ALPs) emerge from spontaneously broken global symmetries in high energy extensions of the Standard Model (SM). This causes ALPs to be among the objectives of future experiments which intend to search for new physics beyond the SM. We discuss the reach of future pp collider FCC-hh in probing the ALP model parameters through top quark pair production associated with ALP ($t\bar{t}+\text{ALP}$) in a model-independent approach. The search is performed in the semileptonic decay mode of $t\bar{t}$ and the analysis is performed using a parametric simulation of the detector response for a projected integrated luminosity of $\rm 30~ab^{-1}$. It is shown that $t\bar{t}+\text{ALP}$ production at the FCC-hh is a promising channel with significant sensitivity to probe the ALP coupling with gluons. The ALP coupling with gluons obtained from HL-LHC and other experiments are presented for comparison.

Starting from the effective torsion space-time model, we study its effects on the top pair production cross section at hadron colliders. We also study the effect of this model on top pair asymmetries at the Tevatron and the LHC. We find that torsion space-time can explain forward-backward asymmetry according to measured anomaly at Tevatron. We find an allowed region in the parameters space which can satisfy simultaneously all $t\bar{t}$ observables measured at Tevatron and LHC.

Heavy gauge bosons such as $W^{\prime}$ are expected to exist in many extensions of the Standard Model. In this paper, it is shown that the most general Lagrangian for the interaction of $W^{\prime}$ with top and bottom quarks which consists of V-A and V+A structure with in general complex couplings produces an Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) for the top quark at one loop level. We predict the allowed ranges for the mass and couplings of $W^{\prime}$ by using the upper limit on the top quark EDM.

The synchronization and timing of the hadron calorimeter (HCAL) for the Compact Muon Solenoid has been extensively studied with test beams at CERN during the period 2003-4, including runs with 40 MHz structured beam. The relative phases of the signals from different calorimeter segments are timed to 1 ns accuracy using a laser and equalized using programmable delay settings in the front-end electronics. The beam was used to verify the timing and to map out the entire range of pulse shapes over the 25 ns interval between beam crossings. These data were used to make detailed measurements of energy-dependent time slewing effects and to tune the electronics for optimal performance.

In this paper, we explore the signature of a simplified model which includes a new singlet scalar state and a vector like quark at future lepton colliders. In particular, we study the production of the new singlet scalar in association with a photon, which proceeds through loop level diagrams involving vector like top quark partner, at future $e^-e^+$ colliders with different center-of-mass energies from 500 GeV to 3 TeV. To show the sensitivity of the process, the exclusion limits on the parameter space of the model are presented considering the decay of the singlet scalar into a pair of Higgs boson, followed by the decay of Higgs bosons into $b\bar{b}$ pairs. The results are compared to those obtained from the LHC, electroweak precision data and other channels at lepton colliders and it is shown that a notable sensitivity to the parameter space of the simplified model could be achieved.

The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are used for muon triggers in the CMS experiment. To calibrate the high voltage working-points (WP) and identify degraded detectors due to radiation or chemical damage, a high voltage scan has been performed using 2017 data from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In this paper, we present the calibration method and the latest results obtained for the 2017 data. A comparison with all scans taken since 2011 is considered to investigate the stability of the detector performance in time.

The CMS experiment has 1054 RPCs in its muon system. Monitoring their currents is the first essential step towards maintaining the stability of the CMS RPC detector performance. The current depends on several parameters such as applied voltage, luminosity, environmental conditions, etc. Knowing the influence of these parameters on the RPC current is essential for the correct interpretation of its instabilities as they can be caused either by changes in external conditions or by malfunctioning of the detector in the ideal case. We propose a Machine Learning(ML) based approach to be used for monitoring the CMS RPC currents. The approach is crucial for the development of an automated monitoring system capable of warning for possible hardware problems at a very early stage, which will contribute further to the stable operation of the CMS RPC detector.

Abstract As part of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment Phase-II upgrade program, new resistive plate chambers will be installed in the region at low angle with respect to the beam collision axis, in order to improve the detection of muons with a low transverse momentum. High background conditions are expected in this region during the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider, therefore an improved-RPC design has been proposed with a new front-end electronics to sustain a higher particle rate capability and better time resolution. A new technology is used in the front-end electronics resulting in low achievable signal detection of 1–20 fC. Crucial in the design of the improved-RPC is the capability of a two-dimensional readout in order to improve the spatial resolution, mainly motivated by trigger requirements. In this work, the first performance results towards this two-dimensional readout are presented, based on data taken on a real-size prototype chamber with two embedded readout planes with orthogonal strips.

We present constraints on the top quark flavor changing neutral current in the vertices of $tu\gamma$ and $tc\gamma$ from the measured diphoton mass spectrum at the LHC. It is shown that the angular distributions of diphoton is highly affected by the anomalous $tu\gamma$ and $tc\gamma$ couplings at the LHC and can provide stringent limits on these couplings. We determine the constraints on the anomalous $tu\gamma$ from the upper bound on the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM). It is found that the current upper limit on the neutron EDM excludes any value of the branching fraction of top quark rare decay to an up-quark plus a photon above $2.04\times 10^{-6}$.

We present searches for the top quark flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) interactions by the CMS experiment. The FCNC searches have been performed in the vertices of tqZ, tqg, and tqγ in decay and production processes. The results are based on the data collected from proton proton collisions at the LHC at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV.

We study the anomalous production of a single top quark in association with a Higgs boson at the LHC originating from flavor-changing neutral current interactions in tqg and tqH vertices. We derive the discovery potentials and 68% C.L. upper limits considering leptonic decay of the top quark and the Higgs boson decay into a bb‾ pair with 10 fb−1 integrated luminosity of data at 14 TeV. We propose a charge ratio for the lepton in top quark decay in terms of lepton pT and η as a strong tool to observe the signal.

The anomalous HZγ coupling is studied through the process pp → pγ p → pHX at the LHC.Utilizing an effective Lagrangian with dimension six operators, new physics effects beyond the standard model are explored in this paper.The applied model includes all kinds of Higgs boson interactions in both CP-even and CP-odd structures.The accurate constraints on anomalous HZγ couplings are numerically analyzed and the results corresponding to the combination of the efficient Higgs decay channels at three different forward detector acceptance regions are presented.Our numerical results propose that the Higgs photoproduction is a reliable complementary channel to study the anomalous HZγ vertices.

The first long physics run of LHC is taking place at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, and is expected to continue until an integrated luminosity of 1 inverse femtobarn will have been collected. We present an analysis technique to measure the t-channel cross section for single top-quark production in CMS, that can confirm the recent observation of single-top quark production by the Tevatron experiments. Events leading to a signature of exactly one muon and two jets are selected and specific data-driven methods have been developed to reduce the sensitivity to the unknown level of background contamination. Single top quarks provide the possibility to study the polarization of an "isolated quark". This feature is exploited in the presented analysis for the measurement of SM-like single top; with more statistics, the chiral structure of the W-t-b vertex could be probed via the study of the top polarization and any sizable deviation from the Standard Model expectation would be a hint to new physics beyond the Standard Model.

We study the top pair production cross section at the LHC in the context of Randall-Sundrum model including the Kaluza-Klein (KK) excited gravitons. It is shown that the recent measurement of the cross section of this process at the LHC restricts the parameter space in Randall-Sundrum (RS) model considerably. We show that the coupling parameter ($\frac{k}{\bar{M}_{pl}}$) is excluded by this measurement from 0.03 to 0.22 depending on the mass of first KK excited graviton ($m_1$). We also study the effect of KK excitations on the spin correlation of the top pairs. It is shown that the spin asymmetry in $t\bar{t}$ events is sensitive to the RS model parameters with a reasonable choice of model parameters.

Tau leptons can have lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) couplings to a muon or an electron and an Axion-Like Particle (ALP). ALPs are pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneously broken global U(1) symmetries. LFV ALPs have been of a great interest in the last several decades as they can address some of the SM long-lasting problems. Assuming a future muon collider proposed by the Muon Accelerator Program (MAP), we search for LFV decays $\tau\rightarrow\ell a$ ($\ell=e,\mu$) of one of the tau leptons produced in the muon-anti muon annihilation. The ALP mass is assumed to be in the range 100 eV to 1 MeV and three different chiral structures are considered for the LFV coupling. Using a multivariate technique and performing a parameterized simulation based on the ideal target performance, we obtain expected 95$\%$ confidence level upper limits on the LFV couplings tau-electron-ALP and tau-muon-ALP. Limits are computed assuming the center-of-mass energies of 126, 350 and 1500 GeV which the future muon collider is supposed to operate at. We study the two cases of unpolarized and polarized muon beams and show that taking advantage of tau polarization-induced effects, the main background $\tau\rightarrow e/\mu + \nu\bar{\nu}$ can be significantly reduced. Results indicate that current limits on the LFV couplings can be improved by roughly one order of magnitude using the present analysis.

A renormalizable UV model for Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) or hidden photons, that may explain the dark matter usually involves a dark Higgs field which is a singlet under the standard model (SM) gauge group. The dark sector can couple to the SM particles via the portal coupling between the SM-like Higgs and dark Higgs fields. Through this coupling, the dark sector particles can be produced in either the early universe or the collider experiments. Interestingly, not only the SM-like Higgs boson can decay into the light dark bosons, but also a light dark Higgs boson may be produced and decay into the dark bosons in a collider. In this paper, we perform the first collider search for invisible decays by taking both the Higgs bosons into account. We use a multivariate technique to best discriminate the signal from the background. We find that a large parameter region can be {probed} at the International Linear Collider (ILC) operating at the center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV. In particular, even when the SM-like Higgs invisible decay is a few orders of magnitude below the planned sensitivity reaches of the ILC and the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the scenario can be probed by the invisible decay of the dark Higgs boson produced via a similar diagram. Measuring the dark Higgs boson decay into the dark sector will be a smoking gun signal of the light dark sector. A similar search of the dark sector would be expected in, e.g., Cool Copper Collider (C$^3$), Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and {Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee).

With the HL-LHC upgrade of the LHC machine, an increase of the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of five is expected and the current detection systems need to be validated for such working conditions to ensure stable data taking. At the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) many muon detectors undergo such studies, but the high gamma background can pose a challenge to the muon trigger system which is exposed to many fake hits from the gamma background. A tracking system using RPCs is implemented to clean the fake hits, taking profit of the high muon efficiency of these chambers. This work will present the tracking system configuration, used detector analysis algorithm and results.

In this article we aim to estimate the bounds on the noncommutative scale $Λ_{NC}$ and to extract the 95% exclusion contours for some $θ_{μν}$ components using the recent measurements of the top quark width and the $W$ boson polarization in top pair events from CDF experiment at Tevatron.

We consider a simplified model containing a new neutral singlet scalar and a vector-like top quark, which mix with the Higgs boson and top quark of the SM, respectively.The presence of a vectorlike top quark in addition to a new scalar, which is common in many new physics models, is well motivated as they help stabilize the electroweak vacuum of the Higgs potential in the SM.Beside the theoretical motivations, this model can explain the observed enhancements in the di-Higgs production at the LHC experiments.We propose that the associated production of the new singlet scalar with a photon at future electron-positron colliders could be one of the practical channels to search for new physics.We compute the production rate of the scalar plus a photon at the proposed high luminosity electron-positron colliders such as ILC and CLIC.

We measure the efficiency of CMS Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors in proton-proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using the tag-and-probe method. A muon from a Z0 boson decay is selected as a probe of efficiency measurement, reconstructed using the CMS inner tracker and the rest of CMS muon systems. The overall efficiency of CMS RPC chambers during the 2016–2017 collision runs is measured to be more than 96% for the nominal RPC chambers.

Resistive Plate Chambers have a very important role for muon triggering both in the barrel and in the endcap regions of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) . In order to optimize their performance, it is of primary importance to tune the electronic threshold of the front-end boards reading the signals from these detectors. In this paper we present the results of a study aimed to evaluate the effects on the RPC efficiency, cluster size and detector intrinsic noise rate, of variations of the electronics threshold voltage.

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase is designed to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of data to be collected by the LHC experiments. The foreseen gradual increase of the instantaneous luminosity of up to more than twice its nominal value of $10\times10^{34}\ {\rm cm}^{-1}{\rm s}^{-2}$ during Phase I and Phase II of the LHC running, presents special challenges for the experiments. The region with high pseudo rapidity ($\eta$) region of the forward muon spectrometer ($2.4 > |\eta| > 1.9$) is not equipped with RPC stations. The increase of the expected particles rate up to 2 kHz cm$^{-1}$ ( including a safety factor 3 ) motivates the installation of RPC chambers to guarantee redundancy with the CSC chambers already present. The current CMS RPC technology cannot sustain the expected background level. A new generation of Glass-RPC (GRPC) using low-resistivity glass was proposed to equip the two most far away of the four high $\eta$ muon stations of CMS. In their single-gap version they can stand rates of few kHz cm$^{-1}$. Their time precision of about 1 ns can allow to reduce the noise contribution leading to an improvement of the trigger rate. The proposed design for large size chambers is examined and some preliminary results obtained during beam tests at Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) and Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN are shown. They were performed to validate the capability of such detectors to support high irradiation environment with limited consequence on their efficiency.

The expected radiation background in the CMS RPC system has been studied using the MC prediction with the CMS FLUKA simulation of the detector and the cavern. The MC geometry used in the analysis describes very accurately the present RPC system but still does not include the complete description of the RPC upgrade region with pseudorapidity $1.9 < \lvert \eta \rvert < 2.4$. Present results will be updated with the final geometry description, once it is available. The radiation background has been studied in terms of expected particle rates, absorbed dose and fluence. Two High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) scenarios have been investigated - after collecting $3000$ and $4000$ fb$^{-1}$. Estimations with safety factor of 3 have been considered, as well.

Probing new physics in top-quark pair production in association with a photon and triple-top signal at the LHC

The collider experiments at the Tevatron and the LHC provide us the possibility of probing the existence of a light charged Higgs boson. In this paper we study semi-leptonic decay of a polarized top quark via the charged Higgs boson ($t(\uparrow)\to H^{+}b \to l^{+}ν_{l}b$). It is shown that the asymmetry or spin correlation coefficient of the charged lepton depends on the $\tanβ$ and $M_{H^{\pm}}$ and is quite different from the Standard Model. This sensitivity of asymmetry to $\tanβ$ and $M_{H^{\pm}}$ could be utilized in the experimental searches for the light charged Higgs for separation of the signal from backgrounds in the $t\bar{t}\to H^{+}W^{-}b\bar{b}\toτ^{+}ν_τł^{-}\bar{ν_ł}b\bar{b}$ (and vice versa). It might be useful for obtaining better bounds in the ($\tanβ,M_{H^{\pm}}$) plane too.

Analytic expression for energy and angular dependence of a secondary charged lepton in the decay of a polarized top quark with anomalous $tWb$ couplings in the presence of all anomalous couplings are derived. The angular distribution of the b-quark is derived as well. It is presented that the charged lepton spin correlation coefficient is not very sensitive to the anomalous couplings. However, the b-quark spin correlation coefficient is sensitive to anomalous couplings and could be used as a powerful tool for searching of non-SM coupling.