Mikhail Ignatenko

The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an accelerator-produced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the "atmospheric neutrino" sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper.

The complete 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking data since the beginning of August 2003 at a depth of 2070 meters water-equivalent in the Soudan mine, Minnesota. This paper presents the first MINOS observations of muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino charged-current atmospheric neutrino interactions based on an exposure of 418 days. The ratio of upward to downward-going events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations giving: R_data(up/down)/R_MC(up/down) = 0.62^{+0.19}_{-0.14} (stat.) +- 0.02 (sys.). An extended maximum likelihood analysis of the observed L/E distributions excludes the null hypothesis of no neutrino oscillations at the 98 % confidence level. Using the curvature of the observed muons in the 1.3 T MINOS magnetic field muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino interactions are separated. The ratio of muon neutrino to muon anti-neutrino events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation assuming neutrinos and anti-neutrinos oscillate in same manner giving: R_data(numubar/numu)/R_MC(numubar/numu) = 0.96^{+0.38}_{-0.27} (stat.) +- 0.15 (sys.), where the errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Although the statistics are limited, this is the first direct observation of atmospheric neutrino interactions separately for muon neutrinos and muon anti-neutrinos.

The steel planes have a center-to-center spacing of 5.94 cm. This document has been prepared for the 8/99 Conceptual Design Review of the MINOS Far Detector Coils. Its main goal is to provide a set of references to previous documents and to assemble various design drawings and engineering calculations that have not been included in previous technical memos. It also provides some background material relevant for the coil implementation. Much of the text for this document is edited from the MINOS Detectors Technical Design Report.

Studies of Cathode Strip Chamber longevity, comparing Ar+CO2 gas mixtures with fractions of 5%, 2%, and 0% CF4, were performed using several small cathode strip prototype chambers. In each trial, a localized source of radiation was used to irradiate up to an accumulated charge of about 300 mC/cm. Additionally, longevity of a uniformly irradiated prototype operating with 2% CF4 was studied at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility GIF++. Post-hoc analysis of the chamber electrodes using spectroscopy techniques was also done.

Abstract Studies of cathode strip chamber longevity, comparing Ar+CO $$_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> gas mixtures with fractions of 5%, 2%, and 0% CF $$_4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , were performed using several small cathode strip prototype chambers. In each trial, a localized source of radiation was used to irradiate up to an accumulated charge of about 300 mC/cm. Additionally, longevity of a uniformly irradiated prototype operating with 2% CF $$_4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> was studied at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility GIF++. Post-hoc analysis of the chamber electrodes using spectroscopy techniques was also done.

The MINOS detectors will use extruded plastic scintillator strips, which are readout by wavelength-shifting fibres coupled to multi-pixel photodetectors. This technique provides excellent energy and spatial resolution. The MINOS detectors are described in detail along with results from the light output tests.

Abstract Momentum spectra of protons emitted at angles of 0.103, 0.139 and 0.157 rad in fragmentation of 9 GeV/ c deuterons on 1 H, 2 H and 12 C nuclei have been measured at the JINR synchrophasotron by using a magnetic spectrometer. It is found that the shape of the high-momentum parts of the spectra is defined only by the deuteron structure and the mechanism of deuteron-nucleon interaction and does not depend on a target. The contributions to the differential cross section of the 1 H(d, p)X reaction have been determined, which are conditioned by elastic and inelastic scatterings of deuteron nucleons on a proton, stripping, their interference, and also the excitation of the pion degrees of freedom. In the framework of the light front dynamics, calculations of the proton spectra with the deuteron structure functions for the Paris, Reid soft core, and Bonn potentials have been performed; a better agreement with the experiment is achieved with the deuteron wave function for the Paris potential. A conclusion is made that the nucleons in a deuteron keep their individuality up to relative motion momenta of ∼ 1 GeV/ c .

Two CMS production Cathode Strip Chambers were tested for aging effects in a high-radiation environment at the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN. The chambers were irradiated over a large area: in total, about 2.1 m2 or 700 m of wire in each chamber. The 40% Ar+50% CO2+10% CF4 gas mixture was provided by an open-loop gas system for one of the chambers and by a closed-loop re-circulating gas system for the other. After an accumulation of 0.3–0.4 C/cm of a wire, equivalent to about 30–50 years of operation at peak LHC luminosity, no significant changes in gas gain, chamber efficiency and wire signal noise were observed for either of the two chambers. The only consistent signs of aging were a small increase in dark current from ∼2 to ∼10 nA per plane of 600 wires and a decrease of strip-to-strip resistance from 1000 to 10–100 GΩ. Disassembly of the chambers revealed deposits on the cathode planes, while the anode wires remained fairly clean.

We are reporting preliminary results of studies of R59000-00-M16 and M64 tubes, manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, to be employed by the MINOS neutrino experiment. Our tests focused on anode response uniformity, gain, cross-talk, and linearity for light illuminating PMTs through a 1.2 mm diameter fiber.

The experimental data on d-d collisions at 4.3, 6.3 and 8.9 GeV/c, exhibiting the two-peak structure in the high-momentum parts of the secondary deuteron spectra at momentum transfers |t| ≈ 0.4–0.8 (GeV/c)2, are presented. An analysis of the results in terms of the multiple nucleon-nucleon scattering model is given. Some conclusions about the mechanism of the elastic and quasielastic d-d scattering at the above-mentioned momentum transfers are made.

In the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, muon detection in the forward direction is accomplished by cathode strip chambers (CSC). These detectors identify muons, provide a fast muon trigger, and give a precise measurement of the muon trajectory. There are 468 six-plane CSCs in the system. The efficiency of finding muon trigger primitives (muon track segments) was studied using 36 CMS CSCs and cosmic ray muons during the Magnet Test and Cosmic Challenge (MTCC) exercise conducted by the CMS experiment in 2006. In contrast to earlier studies that used muon beams to illuminate a very small chamber area (<0.01m2), results presented in this paper were obtained by many installed CSCs operating in situ over an area of ≈23m2 as a part of the CMS experiment. The efficiency of finding two-dimensional trigger primitives within six-layer chambers was found to be 99.93±0.03%. These segments, found by the CSC electronics within 800 ns after the passing of a muon through the chambers, are the input information for the Level-1 muon trigger and, also, are a necessary condition for chambers to be read out by the Data Acquisition System.

Economic crime in the system of public administration of the Russian Federation in the context of the special military operation and confrontation with the NATO bloc is becoming a critical factor determining the state security of the country, as it affects not only the efficiency of economic processes, but also political stability in general. The purpose of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of official crime in the field of public service. The main hypothesis: malfeasance causes not only material damage to the state, undermining its state power and disorganizing the system of public administration, but also reputational damage, undermining the legitimacy of state power. A crisis of legitimacy is dangerous because it can lead to severe internal political conflicts. Results of the work: the dynamics of official crime for 2000–2022 was studied and it was concluded that only after 2012 it was possible to reverse the negative trend toward an increase in its level, which occurred thanks to the introduction of more effective countermeasures.

The proton spectra resulting from 6.3 GeV/c deuteron break-up on 1H, 2H, C, Al and Bi nuclei were measured at an angle of 103 mr (lab) in the momentum interval from 2.6 to 3.6 GeV/c. The measurements were made at the JINR synchrophasotron with a one-arm magnetic spectrometer on-line with a computer. The results, apart from the effects of pion production, are reasonably reproduced in the framework of the Glauber multiple scattering model, taking into account the relativistic deformation of the deuteron wave function.

Presented are the main design features and performance results of the Cathode Strip Chambers for the CMS Endcap Muon system. Although the strips are unusually wide (up to 16mm) for the cathode-to-anode wire distance of 5mm, the six-plane structure of these chambers yields a spatial resolution of about 80μm, essentially uniform and independent of the strip width. In addition, the net spatial resolution of about one-tenth of the strip width at the hardware trigger level (300ns) is obtained using a simple network of comparators. Time resolution achieved at the trigger level is ∼4ns (rms) that allows unambiguous tagging of bunch crossings which occur every 25ns. Aging test results, including those obtained with a recirculating gas system, are discussed; only minor aging affects were observed. The aging studies were performed with large-scale chambers; 700m of wire were irradiated for a dose up to 0.4C/cm of the total accumulated charge.

For increasing the light output of SiO2-aerogel two aerogel samples were doped with the wavelength shifter POPOP. As a result a scintillator with intermediate density between the gas and the solid state has been produced. The light pulse shapes of the both samples are well approximated by a sum of two exponents with the decay times 1.4 ± 0.1 ns (58% of total light output) and 5.2±0.4 ns (42%). Under irradiation of 5.5 MeV α-particles the light output of the sample with smaller wavelength shifter concentration was 30% and that of the sample with larger concentration was 8% of the light output of a plastic scintillator (polysterene, 2% paraterphenil, 0.2% POPOP). The obtained data indicate that the αβ ratio for both samples is close to 1. This material can be used in experiments where the amount of substance in the way of particles to be detected is a critical factor.

The production, installation, and testing of 468 cathode strip chambers for the endcap muon system of the CMS experiment played a critical role in the preparation of the endcap muon system for the final commissioning. Common testing procedures and sets of standard equipment were used at 5 international assembly centers. The chambers were then thoroughly retested after shipment to CERN. Final testing was performed after chamber installation on the steel disks in the CMS detector assembly building. The structure of the detector quality control procedure is presented along with the results of chamber performance validation tests.

Data published during the last 7–9 years on problems concerning the determination of nitrogen- and sulphur-containing functional groups in organic compounds are surveyed. The bibliography includes 281 references.

This review summarizes data on the main biologically active organogermanium compounds that which have synthesized in the past 5 – 10 years. In particular, dietary ultra-trace element germanium is necessary to ensure normal functioning of the body. Therefore, almost all water-soluble stable organogermanium compounds exhibit biological activity and attract attention of researchers.

Vibration of sense wires in wire chambers under irradiation has been observed and investigated. A model is proposed for explaining this vibration. Experimental investigations show that our model very well describes the main features of the phenomenon.

The MINOS experiment is a long-baseline, neutrino-oscillation experiment. In total, 28000 m/sup 2/ of scintillator is needed for the experiment. This is almost 300 tons of finished scintillator. The solution has been the development of an extruded scintillator with a 2 mm deep grove in the upper surface for a wavelength-shifting fiber and a co-extruded TiO/sub 2/ coating as a reflector. The TiO/sub 2/ coating also allows the scintillator to be directly epoxied into panels. Production and quality control techniques are presented.

First Page

First Page

Under conditions of associated spino-epidural anesthesia with artificial ventilation of lungs are marked smaller changes of parameters of the general hemodynamics, than under conditions of associated epidural blockade with artificial ventilation of lungs.

The complete 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking data since the beginning of August 2003 at a depth of 2070 meters water-equivalent in the Soudan mine, Minnesota. This paper presents the first MINOS observations of nu(mu) and (nu) over bar (mu) charged-current atmospheric neutrino interactions based on an exposure of 418 days. The ratio of upward- to downward-going events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations, giving R-up/down(data)/R-up/down(MC)=0.62(-0.14)(+0.19)(stat.)+/- 0.02(sys.). An extended maximum likelihood analysis of the observed L/E distributions excludes the null hypothesis of no neutrino oscillations at the 98% confidence level. Using the curvature of the observed muons in the 1.3 T MINOS magnetic field nu(mu) and (nu) over bar (mu) interactions are separated. The ratio of (nu) over bar (mu) to nu(mu) events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation assuming neutrinos and antineutrinos oscillate in the same manner, giving R-(nu) over bar mu/nu(data)(mu)/R-(nu) over bar mu/nu(MC)(mu)=0.96(-0.27)(+0.38)(stat.)+/- 0.15(sys.), where the errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Although the statistics are limited, this is the first direct observation of atmospheric neutrino interactions separately for nu(mu) and (nu) over bar (mu).

Abstract Leitet man Chlor bei Zimmertemperatur unter Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht in γ,γ,γ‐Trifluorcrotyl‐trichlorsilan (I), so erhält man ein Gemisch aus 60% der erythro‐Verbindung (IIa) und 40% der threo‐Verbindung (IIb).

Abstract Die Chlorierung des 4‐Picolins wird hauptsächlich durch Temperatur und Reaktionszeit bestimmt.

First Page

The MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) experiment is designed to search for neutrino oscillations with a sensitivity significantly greater than has been achieved to date. The phenomenon of neutrino oscillations, whose existence has not been proven convincingly so far, allows neutrinos of one "flavor" (type) to slowly transform themselves into another flavor, and then back again to the original flavor, as they propagate through space or matter. The MINOS experiment is optimized to explore the region of neutrino oscillation "parameter space" suggested by previous investigations of atmospheric neutrinos: the Kamiokande, IMB, Super-Kamiokande and Soudan 2 experiments. The study of oscillations in this region with a neutrino beam from the Main Injector requires measurements of the beam after a very long flight path. This in turn requires an intense neutrino beam and a massive detector in order to have an adequate event rate at a great distance from the source. We propose to enhance significantly the physics capabilities of the MINOS experiment by the addition of a Hybrid Emulsion Detector at Soudan, capable of unambigous identification of the neutrino flavor. Recent developments in emulsion experiments make such a detector possible, although significant technological challenges must be overcome. We propose to initiate an R&D effort to identify major potential problems and to develop practical solutions to them. This proposal is meant to be a summary of the work we feel is needed before a credible conceptual design report can be produced. It summarizes both the tasks that need to be done and new incremental resources that are required to perform them. It is our expectation that various individual institutions (those currently in MINOS and others anticipating joining) will submit separate individual funding requests, to funding agencies in both US and abroad, to provide most of the resources listed in Chapter 5. We intend that the present proposal should serve as a supplementary umbrella document, outlining the scope of the whole program.

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 10, Issue 5 Reviews ChemInform Abstract: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN- AND SULFUR-CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS M. A. IGNATENKO, Search for more papers by this authorV. K. PROMONENKOV, Search for more papers by this authorT. S. GODUNOVA, Search for more papers by this authorE. N. KAYUSHINA, Search for more papers by this author M. A. IGNATENKO, Search for more papers by this authorV. K. PROMONENKOV, Search for more papers by this authorT. S. GODUNOVA, Search for more papers by this authorE. N. KAYUSHINA, Search for more papers by this author First published: January 30, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197905345AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue5January 30, 1979 RelatedInformation

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 10, Issue 5 Other Subjects ChemInform Abstract: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HALOPYRIDINES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (LITERATURE SURVEY) M. A. IGNATENKO, M. A. IGNATENKOSearch for more papers by this authorV. K. PROMONENKOV, V. K. PROMONENKOVSearch for more papers by this author M. A. IGNATENKO, M. A. IGNATENKOSearch for more papers by this authorV. K. PROMONENKOV, V. K. PROMONENKOVSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 30, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197905327AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue5January 30, 1979 RelatedInformation

Polarization phenomena in backward elastic dp scattering were studied with a view to reconstructing the deuteron wave‐function components. Experimental data disagree with predictions based on the impulse approximation which suggests that the wave function may have more than two components. (AIP)

ChemInformVolume 18, Issue 47 Reviews ChemInform Abstract: Antitumor Activity of Organo-Silicon and Organo-Germanium Compounds M. A. IGNATENKO, M. A. IGNATENKO Tehn. fak. Maribor, YugoslaviaSearch for more papers by this author M. A. IGNATENKO, M. A. IGNATENKO Tehn. fak. Maribor, YugoslaviaSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 24, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198747399Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume18, Issue47November 24, 1987 RelatedInformation

The synchrotron at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research was used in conjunction with a magnetic spectrometer incorporating wire chambers to measure the high-momentum part of the deuteron spectra produced at the angle 0.139 rad in interactions between deuterons and H, D, and C nuclei at 9 GeV//ital c/. The differential cross sections for the following reactions were determined: /ital dp//r arrow//ital dp/, /ital dp//r arrow//ital dN/* (1410), /ital dp//r arrow//ital dN/* (1520), /ital dp//r arrow//ital dN/* (1680), /ital dd//r arrow//ital dd/, and /ital dd//r arrow//ital dpn/. Data on elastically and quasielastically scattered deuterons, obtained in these experiments for /vert bar//ital t//vert bar//similar to/1.4 (GeV//ital c/)/sup 2/, taken together with the analogous data obtained earlier for 8.9 GeV//ital c/ and /vert bar//ital t//vert bar//similar to/0.8 (GeV//ital c/)/sup 2/, were found to be satisfactorily described by the /ital NN/ multiple-scattering model. Data on the /sup 1/H(/ital d/, /ital d/)/ital N/* reaction were used to estimate the parameters of the amplitudes for the elastic scattering of short-lived nucleon resonances by nucleons. The values of these parameters were then compared with predictions of some quark models.