M. Herndon

The successful operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent performance of the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE detectors in Run-1 and Run-2 with $pp$ collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV as well as the giant leap in precision calculations and modeling of fundamental interactions at hadron colliders have allowed an extraordinary breadth of physics studies including precision measurements of a variety physics processes. The LHC results have so far confirmed the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics up to unprecedented energy scales and with great precision in the sectors of strong and electroweak interactions as well as flavour physics, for instance in top quark physics. The upgrade of the LHC to a High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC) at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy with 3 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity will probe the Standard Model with even greater precision and will extend the sensitivity to possible anomalies in the Standard Model, thanks to a ten-fold larger data set, upgraded detectors and expected improvements in the theoretical understanding. This document summarises the physics reach of the HL-LHC in the realm of strong and electroweak interactions and top quark physics, and provides a glimpse of the potential of a possible further upgrade of the LHC to a 27 TeV $pp$ collider, the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), assumed to accumulate an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$^{-1}$.

This document summarises the talks and discussions happened during the VBSCan Split17 workshop, the first general meeting of the VBSCan COST Action network. This collaboration is aiming at a consistent and coordinated study of vector-boson scattering from the phenomenological and experimental point of view, for the best exploitation of the data that will be delivered by existing and future particle colliders.

The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) pursues a broad physics program at Fermilab's Tevatron collider. Between Run II commissioning in early 2001 and the end of operations in September 2011, the Tevatron delivered 12 fb-1 of integrated luminosity of p-pbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. Many physics analyses undertaken by CDF require heavy flavor tagging with large charged particle tracking acceptance. To realize these goals, in 2001 CDF installed eight layers of silicon microstrip detectors around its interaction region. These detectors were designed for 2--5 years of operation, radiation doses up to 2 Mrad (0.02 Gy), and were expected to be replaced in 2004. The sensors were not replaced, and the Tevatron run was extended for several years beyond its design, exposing the sensors and electronics to much higher radiation doses than anticipated. In this paper we describe the operational challenges encountered over the past 10 years of running the CDF silicon detectors, the preventive measures undertaken, and the improvements made along the way to ensure their optimal performance for collecting high quality physics data. In addition, we describe the quantities and methods used to monitor radiation damage in the sensors for optimal performance and summarize the detector performance quantities important to CDF's physics program, including vertex resolution, heavy flavor tagging, and silicon vertex trigger performance.

The successful operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent performance of the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE detectors in Run-1 and Run-2 with $pp$ collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV as well as the giant leap in precision calculations and modeling of fundamental interactions at hadron colliders have allowed an extraordinary breadth of physics studies including precision measurements of a variety physics processes. The LHC results have so far confirmed the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics up to unprecedented energy scales and with great precision in the sectors of strong and electroweak interactions as well as flavour physics, for instance in top quark physics. The upgrade of the LHC to a High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC) at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy with 3 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity will probe the Standard Model with even greater precision and will extend the sensitivity to possible anomalies in the Standard Model, thanks to a ten-fold larger data set, upgraded detectors and expected improvements in the theoretical understanding. This document summarises the physics reach of the HL-LHC in the realm of strong and electroweak interactions and top quark physics, and provides a glimpse of the potential of a possible further upgrade of the LHC to a 27 TeV $pp$ collider, the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), assumed to accumulate an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$^{-1}$.

We combine results from CDF and D0 on direct searches for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson H in ppbar collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. Compared to the previous Tevatron Higgs search combination more data have been added, additional new channels have been incorporated, and some previously used channels have been reanalyzed to gain sensitivity. We use the latest parton distribution functions and gg to H theoretical cross sections when comparing our limits to the SM predictions. With up to 5.9 fb-1 of data analyzed at CDF, and up to 6.7 fb-1 at D0, the 95% C.L. upper limits on Higgs boson production are factors of 1.56 and 0.68 the values of the SM cross section for a Higgs boson mass of m_H=115 GeV/c^2 and 165~GeVc^2. We exclude, at the 95% C.L., a new and larger region at high mass between 158

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2019 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) the sensitivity of parton distribution functions to the experimental inputs, (III) new developments in jet substructure techniques and a detailed examination of gluon fragmentation at the LHC, (IV) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, and (V) Monte Carlo event generator studies relating to PDF evolution and comparisons of important processes at the LHC.

In the path towards a muon collider with center of mass energy of 10 TeV or more, a stage at 3 TeV emerges as an appealing option. Reviewing the physics potential of such muon collider is the main purpose of this document. In order to outline the progression of the physics performances across the stages, a few sensitivity projections for higher energy are also presented. There are many opportunities for probing new physics at a 3 TeV muon collider. Some of them are in common with the extensively documented physics case of the CLIC 3 TeV energy stage, and include measuring the Higgs trilinear coupling and testing the possible composite nature of the Higgs boson and of the top quark at the 20 TeV scale. Other opportunities are unique of a 3 TeV muon collider, and stem from the fact that muons are collided rather than electrons. This is exemplified by studying the potential to explore the microscopic origin of the current $g$-2 and $B$-physics anomalies, which are both related with muons.

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C) food dyes make industrial goods like foods and beverages more appealing. These dyes are synthetic and are typically used instead of natural dyes due to their color, stability, and low cost. Research has implied that children are sensitive to the amount of food dye in products. The amount of food dye in products is proprietary information, so it can be challenging to determine how much dye children are ingesting. In this study, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was utilized to find the concentration of food dyes in various powdered drink mixes. The results show that powdered drink mixes containing Red 40 have higher concentrations of food dye than the rest of the drink mixes. Our data supports that there is a difference between the concentrations of food dyes within drink mixes containing Red 40 versus those without it. These concentrations depend on the dye and how many dyes were in the drink mix.

Meshed planes are used in today's flexible PCB designs, and due to their non-homogeneous nature, Modeling of nearby interconnects increases in complexity. In this paper, a method to evaluate the effective characteristic impedance of a trace referenced to a meshed plane is proposed that is simpler and optimization based. The effective impedance and the per-unit-length parameters of the line were associated with the meshed plane periodical patterns as well as trace relative locations. A systematic study was performed to reveal the essential relationship between the meshed plane geometric parameters and the trace characteristics.

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2017 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments relevant for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) theoretical uncertainties and dataset dependence of parton distribution functions, (III) new developments in jet substructure techniques, (IV) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, (V) phenomenological studies essential for comparing LHC data from Run II with theoretical predictions and projections for future measurements, and (VI) new developments in Monte Carlo event generators.

The Central Outer Tracker (COT) at the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) is used to reconstruct charged particles in the central rapidity region. The silicon tracker is used to improve the central track measurement and to reconstruct charged particles in the forward rapidity region. We describe the inside-out tracking algorithm, which improves the track measurement in the intermediate rapidity region by attaching COT hits to reconstructed silicon tracks.

We combine results from CDF and D0's direct searches for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson (H) produced in p{bar p} collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. The results presented here include those channels which are most sensitive to Higgs bosons with mass between 130 and 200 GeV/c{sup 2}, namely searches targeted at Higgs boson decays to W{sup +}W{sup -}, although acceptance for decays into {tau}{sup |+} {tau}{sup -} and {gamma}{gamma} is included. Compared to the previous Tevatron Higgs search combination, more data have been added and the analyses have been improved to gain sensitivity. We use the MSTW08 parton distribution functions and the latest gg {yields} H theoretical cross section predictions when testing for the presence of a SM Higgs boson. With up to 7.1 fb{sup -1} of data analyzed at CDF, and up to 8.2 fb{sup -1} at D0, the 95% C.L. upper limits on Higgs boson production is a factor of 0.54 times the SM cross section for a Higgs boson mass of 165 GeV/c{sup 2}. We exclude at the 95% C.L. the region 158 < m{sub H} < 173 GeV/c{sup 2}.

Searches for the standard model Higgs boson are reviewed from the 2 TeV run of the Tevatron with ~ 10 fb-1 of recorded data, and from the 7 and 8 TeV runs of the LHC, with ~ 5 and ~ 6 fb-1, respectively, i.e., until the July-2012 discovery of a new particle by the LHC experiments. The CMS and ATLAS Collaborations observe independently a new boson with mass ~ 125 GeV, mainly through its bosonic decays in gammagamma, ZZ, and W+W-, consistent with the standard model Higgs boson. The CDF and D0 experiments combine their results to see evidence of a similar particle produced in association with a vector boson and decaying fermionically in bbbar.

Searches for this Higgs boson are reaching an exciting time. This proceeding reports the progress on Standard Model Higgs boson searches at the Tevatron and the prospects for Higgs boson searches at the Large Hadron Collider. Also reported are the results of non Standard Model searches and prospects at the Tevatron, Large Hadron Collide and B factories. Included in this result are the first limits on the mass of the Standard Model Higgs boson at high masses beyond the kinematic reach of the Large Electron Positron collider.

We combine results from CDF and D0's direct searches for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson (H) produced in ppbar collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV, focusing on the decay H\rightarrow\gamma\gamma. We compute upper limits on the Higgs boson production cross section times the decay branching fraction in the range 100

The Tevatron experiments are currently the world's most sensitive experiments for searching for the Higgs boson. They are sensitive enough to find evidence of the Standard Model Higgs boson, if it has a large mass, and are nearly sensitive enough to find evidence at lower mass or to exclude the Standard Model Higgs boson at all masses, if it does not exist. This review describes the recent experimental progress achieved at the Tevatron at a time when the discovery of the Higgs boson is considered imminent.

The authors combine the results of CDF and D0 searches for the rare decays B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} and B{sub d}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}. The experiments use 364 pb{sup -1} and 300 pb{sup -1} of data respectively. The limits on the branching ratios are obtained by normalizing the estimated sensitivity to the decay B{sup +} {yields} J/{psi}K{sup +} taking into account the fragmentation ratios f{sub u}/f{sub s(d)}. The combined results exclude branching ratios of BR(B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) > 1.5 x 10{sup -7} and BR(B{sub d}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) > 4.0 x 10{sup -8} at 95% confidence level. These are the most stringent limits on these decays at the present time.

Photonic events with large missing energy have been observed in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 130, 136 and 183 GeV collected in 1997 using the OPAL detector at LEP. Results are presented for event topologies with a single photon and missing transverse energy or with an acoplanar photon pair. Cross-section measurements are performed within the kinematic acceptance of each selection. These results are compared with the expectations from the Standard Model process e+e- to nunubar + photon(s). No evidence is observed for new physics contributions to these final states. Using the data at Ecm = 183 GeV, upper limits on sigma(e+e- to X.Y)*BR(X to Y gamma) and sigma(e+e- to X.X)*BR(X to Y gamma)**2 are derived for the case of stable and invisible Y. These limits apply to single and pair production of excited neutrinos (X = nu*, Y = nu), to neutralino production (X = Chi_2^0, Y = Chi_1^0) and to supersymmetric models in which X = chi_1^0 and Y is a light gravitino.

We combine results from CDF and D0 on direct searches for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson (H) in ppbar collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV. Compared to the previous Tevatron Higgs boson search combination more data have been added, additional channels have been incorporated, and some previously used channels have been reanalyzed to gain sensitivity. We use the MSTW08 parton distribution functions and the latest theoretical cross sections when comparing our limits to the SM predictions. With up to 8.2 fb-1 of data analyzed at CDF and up to 8.6 fb-1 at D0, the 95% C.L. our upper limits on Higgs boson production are factors of 1.17, 1.71, and 0.48 times the values of the SM cross section for Higgs bosons of mass m_H=115 GeV/c^2, 140 GeV/c^2, and 165 GeV/c^2, respectively. The corresponding median upper limits expected in the absence of Higgs boson production are 1.16, 1.16, and 0.57. There is a small (approx. 1 sigma) excess of data events with respect to the background estimation in searches for the Higgs boson in the mass range 125

In this paper we report on the current status of studies on the expected performance for a detector designed to operate in a muon collider environment. Beam-induced backgrounds (BIB) represent the main challenge in the design of the detector and the event reconstruction algorithms. The current detector design aims to show that satisfactory performance can be achieved, while further optimizations are expected to significantly improve the overall performance. We present the characterization of the expected beam-induced background, describe the detector design and software used for detailed event simulations taking into account BIB effects. The expected performance of charged-particle reconstruction, jets, electrons, photons and muons is discussed, including an initial study on heavy-flavor jet tagging. A simple method to measure the delivered luminosity is also described. Overall, the proposed design and reconstruction algorithms can successfully reconstruct the high transverse-momentum objects needed to carry out a broad physics program.

In the path towards a muon collider with center of mass energy of 10 TeV or more, a stage at 3 TeV emerges as an appealing option. Reviewing the physics potential of such muon collider is the main purpose of this document. In order to outline the progression of the physics performances across the stages, a few sensitivity projections for higher energy are also presented. There are many opportunities for probing new physics at a 3 TeV muon collider. Some of them are in common with the extensively documented physics case of the CLIC 3 TeV energy stage, and include measuring the Higgs trilinear coupling and testing the possible composite nature of the Higgs boson and of the top quark at the 20 TeV scale. Other opportunities are unique of a 3 TeV muon collider, and stem from the fact that muons are collided rather than electrons. This is exemplified by studying the potential to explore the microscopic origin of the current $g$-2 and $B$-physics anomalies, which are both related with muons.

The research at the energy frontier was to explore high energy and luminosity collisions at the LHC using the ATLAS and CMS detectors to lead physics analyses in characterization of the Higgs Boson, to search for its potential partners, to lead searches for Dark Matter and to make extensive studies of Electroweak phenomena. The objectives are also to operate and upgrade the ATLAS and CMS detectors and their computing to optimize their physics performance in the present data taking and to enable the full exploitation of planned High Luminosity LHC. The research for the theory frontier was to analyze and interpret the new data from the experimental frontiers: energy, cosmic and intensity (Phenomenology), to investigate new theories of high energy physics extending the standard model by including gravity within consistent frameworks such as string theory, and examine their phenomenological and cosmological implications (String Theory and Theoretical Cosmology.)

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2017 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments relevant for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) theoretical uncertainties and dataset dependence of parton distribution functions, (III) new developments in jet substructure techniques, (IV) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, (V) phenomenological studies essential for comparing LHC data from Run II with theoretical predictions and projections for future measurements, and (VI) new developments in Monte Carlo event generators.

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2017 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments relevant for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) theoretical uncertainties and dataset dependence of parton distribution functions, (III) new developments in jet substructure techniques, (IV) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, (V) phenomenological studies essential for comparing LHC data from Run II with theoretical predictions and projections for future measurements, and (VI) new developments in Monte Carlo event generators.

We report on a study of the precision of Time-Of-Flight measurements using plastic scintillator counters with Fine Mesh Photomultiplier Tubes (FM PMT). This work was part of an investigation of several techniques considered for hadron identification in the B factory detector (BaBar) at SLAC. In cosmic ray tests of prototype counters we achieved a time resolution of 91 ps with a 3.0 m long counter and 70 ps with a 1.0 m long counter.

The authors report on a search for B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} and B{sub d}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} decays in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using 171 pb{sup -1} and 240 pb{sup -1} of data collected respectively by the CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The decay rates of these rare processes are sensitive to contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. The results from the two experiments are a combined branching fraction limit of {Beta}(B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) < 2.7 x 10{sup -7} and a limit from the CDF experiment of {Beta}(B{sub d}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) < 1.5 x 10{sup -7} at 90% confidence level.

Looking for deviations from the Standard Model in measurements from the flavor sector can be a powerful probe for the indications of new physics. In this proceeding we discuss the potential of lifetime measurements, CP asymmetry measurements and searches for rare decays of B hadrons as probes for new physics and present results from the Tevatron experiments.

We combine the results of CDF and DO searches for the rare decays B_s to mu+ mu- and B_d to mu+ mu-. The experiments use 364 pb-1 and 300 pb-1 of data respectively. The limits on the branching ratios are obtained by normalizing the estimated sensitivity to the decay B+ to J/psi K+, taking into account the fragmentation ratios f_u/f_s(d). The combined results exclude branching ratios of BR(B_s to mu+ mu-) &gt; 1.5x10-7 and BR(B_d to mu+ mu- &gt; 4.0x10-8 at 95% confidence level. These are the most stringent limits on these decays at the present time.

A search for decays of the Bc meson was performed using data collected from 1990--1995 with the OPAL detector on or near the Z0 peak at LEP. The decay channels B$+\atop{c}$ → J/Ψπ+, B$+\atop{c}$ → J/Ψa{sub 1}{sup +} and B$+\atop{c}$ → J/Ψℓ+v were investigated, where ℓ denotes an electron or a muon. Two candidates are observed in the mode B$+\atop{c}$ → J/Ψπ+, with an estimated background of (0.63 ± 0.20) events. The weighted mean of the masses of the two candidates is (6.32 ± 0.06) GeV/c2, which is consistent with the predicted mass of the Bc meson. One candidate event is observed in the mode B$+\atop{c}$ → J/Ψℓ+v, with an estimated background of (0.82 ± 0.19) events. No candidate events are observed in the B$+\atop{c}$ → J/Ψa$+\atop{1}$ decay mode, with an estimated background of (1.10 ± 0.22) events. Upper bounds at the 90% confidence level are set on the production rates for these processes.