Matteo Cremonesi

Detailed information on the temperature dependence of tissue thermophysical and mechanical properties is pivotal for the optimal implementation of mathematical models and simulation-based tools for the pre-planning of thermal ablation therapies. These models require in-depth knowledge of the temperature sensitivity of these properties and other influential terms (e.g., blood perfusion and metabolic heat) to maximize the treatment prediction outcome.A systematic literature review of experimental trials investigating thermophysical and mechanical properties of biological media, as well as blood perfusion and metabolic heat, as a function of temperature in hyperthermic and ablative thermal range, was conducted up to June 2021.A total of 61 articles was selected, thus enabling a comprehensive overview of the temperature dependence of thermophysical properties (i.e. thermal conductivity, specific heat, volumetric heat capacity, density, thermal diffusivity), and mechanical properties (shear, elastic, storage, loss and complex moduli, loss factor, stiffness) along with the principal measurement techniques. The reviewed studies considered different tissues, e.g., liver, fat, cartilage, brain, myocardium, muscle, bone, skin, pancreas tissues, and also some tumorous tissues.The thermophysical properties of soft tissues appear rather constant until 90 °C, with slight differences ascribable to tissues characteristics and measurement methods. Conversely, the information on mechanical properties is heterogeneous because most of the articles investigated different types of properties in different biological tissues. Furthermore, most of the experiments were conducted ex vivo; only a small percentage concerned in vivo studies. Limited recent information about the temperature dependence of metabolic heat and blood perfusion was observed.

We present new measurements of the inclusive forward-backward ttbar production asymmetry, AFB, and its dependence on several properties of the ttbar system. The measurements are performed with the full Tevatron data set recorded with the CDF II detector during ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb^(-1). We measure the asymmetry using the rapidity difference Delta-y=y_(t)-y_(tbar). Parton-level results are derived, yielding an inclusive asymmetry of 0.164+/-0.047 (stat + syst). We observe a linear dependence of AFB on the top-quark pair mass M(ttbar) and the rapidity difference |Delta-y| at detector and parton levels. Assuming the standard model, the probabilities to observe the measured values or larger for the detector-level dependencies are 7.4*10^(-3) and 2.2*10^(-3) for M(ttbar) and |Delta-y| respectively. Lastly, we study the dependence of the asymmetry on the transverse momentum of the ttbar system at the detector level. These results are consistent with previous lower-precision measurements and provide additional quantification of the functional dependencies of the asymmetry.

Using the full CDF Run II data sample, we report evidence for a new resonance, which we refer to as $B(5970)$, found simultaneously in the ${B}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and ${B}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mass distributions with a significance of 4.4 standard deviations. We further report the first study of resonances consistent with orbitally excited ${B}^{+}$ mesons and an updated measurement of the properties of orbitally excited ${B}^{0}$ and ${B}_{s}^{0}$ mesons. We measure the masses and widths of all states, as well as the relative production rates of the ${B}_{1}$, ${B}_{2}^{*}$, and $B(5970)$ states and the branching fraction of the ${B}_{s2}^{*0}$ state to either ${B}^{*+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${B}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Furthermore, we measure the production rates of the orbitally excited ${B}^{0,+}$ states relative to the ${B}^{0,+}$ ground state. The masses of the new $B(5970)$ resonances are $5978\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ for the neutral state and $5961\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ for the charged state, assuming that the resonance decays into $B\ensuremath{\pi}$ final states. The properties of the orbitally excited and the new $B(5970{)}^{0,+}$ states are compatible with isospin symmetry.

We report final measurements of direct $\mathit{CP}$--violating asymmetries in charmless decays of neutral bottom hadrons to pairs of charged hadrons with the upgraded Collider Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using the complete $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV proton-antiproton collisions data set, corresponding to 9.3 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, we measure $\mathcal{A}(\Lambda^0_b \rightarrow p\pi^{-}) = +0.06 \pm 0.07\mathrm{(stat)} \pm 0.03\mathrm{(syst)}$ and $\mathcal{A}(\Lambda^0_b \rightarrow pK^{-}) = -0.10 \pm 0.08\mathrm{(stat)} \pm 0.04\mathrm{(syst)}$, compatible with no asymmetry. In addition we measure the $\mathit{CP}$--violating asymmetries in $B^0_s \rightarrow K^{-}\pi^{+}$ and $B^0 \rightarrow K^{+}\pi^{-}$ decays to be $\mathcal{A}(B^0_s \rightarrow K^{-}\pi^{+}) = +0.22 \pm 0.07\mathrm{stat)} \pm 0.02\mathrm{(syst)}$ and $\mathcal{A}(B^0 \rightarrow K^{+}\pi^{-}) = -0.083\pm 0.013 \mathrm{(stat)} \pm 0.004\mathrm{(syst)}$, respectively, which are significantly different from zero and consistent with current world averages.

We measure the inclusive forward-backward asymmetry of the charged-lepton pseudorapidities from top-quark pairs produced in proton-antiproton collisions and decaying to final states that contain two charged leptons (electrons or muons). The data are collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.1 fb(-1). We measure the leptonic forward-backward asymmetry, A(FB)(ℓ), to be 0.072 ± 0.060 and the leptonic pair forward-backward asymmetry, A(FB)(ℓℓ), to be 0.076 ± 0.082. The measured values can be compared with the standard model predictions of A(FB)(ℓ) = 0.038 ± 0.003 and A(FB)(ℓℓ) = 0.048 ± 0.004, respectively. Additionally, we combine the A(FB)(ℓ) result with a previous determination from a final state with a single lepton and hadronic jets and obtain A(FB)(ℓ) = 0.090(-0.026)(+0.028).

A search for the exotic meson $X(5568)$ decaying into the $B^0_s \pi^{\pm}$ final state is performed using data corresponding to $9.6 \textrm{fb}^{-1}$ from $p{\bar p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1960$ GeV recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. No evidence for this state is found and an upper limit of 6.7\% at the 95\% confidence level is set on the fraction of $B^0_s$ produced through the $X(5568) \rightarrow B^0_s \, \pi^{\pm}$ process.

High-dose (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy and associated autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) were applied after dosimetry. This paper reports dosimetric findings for 3 different methods, including image corrections and actual organ mass corrections. Our first goal was to identify the most reliable and feasible dosimetric method to be adopted in high-dose therapy with (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan. The second goal was to verify the safety of the prescribed activity and the best timing of stem cell reinfusion.Twenty-two patients with refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were enrolled into 3 activity groups escalating to 55.5 MBq/kg. A somewhat arbitrary cutoff of 20 Gy to organs (except red marrow) was defined as a safe limit for patient recruitment. ASCT was considered of low risk when the dose to reinfused stem cells was less than 50 mGy. (111)In-Ibritumomab tiuxetan (185 MBq) was administered for dosimetry. Blood samples were collected up to 130 h after injection to derive individual blood clearance rates and red marrow doses. Five whole-body images were acquired up to 7 d after injection. A transmission scan and a low-dose CT scan were also acquired. The conjugate-view technique was used, and images were corrected for background, scatter, and attenuation. Absorbed doses were calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software, adjusting doses for individual organ masses. The biodistribution data were analyzed for dosimetry by the conjugate-view technique using 3 methods. Method A was a patient-specific method applying background, scatter, and attenuation correction, with absorbed doses calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software and doses adjusted for individual organ masses and individually estimated blood volumes. Method B was a reference method using the organ masses of the reference man and woman phantoms. Method C was a simplified method using standard blood and red marrow volumes and no corrections.The medians and ranges (in parentheses) for dose estimates (mGy/MBq) according to method A were 1.7 (0.3-3.5) for lungs, 2.8 (1.8-10.6) for liver, 1.7 (0.6-3.8) for kidneys, 1.9 (0.8-5.0) for spleen, 0.8 (0.4-1.0) for red marrow, and 2.8 (1.3-4.7) for testes. None of patients had to postpone ASCT. Absorbed doses from method B differed from method A by up to 100% for liver, 80% for kidneys, 335% for spleen, and 80% for blood because of differences between standard and actual masses. Compared with method A, method C led to dose overestimates of up to 4-fold for lungs, 2-fold for liver, 5-fold for kidneys, 7-fold for spleen, 2-fold for red marrow, and 2-fold for testes.Patient-specific dosimetry with image correction and mass adjustment is recommended in high-dose (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy, for which liver is the dose-limiting organ. Overly simplified dosimetry may provide inaccurate information on the dose to critical organs, the recommended values of administered activity, and the timing of ASCT.

Using data from proton-antiproton collisions at Ecms=1.96 TeV recorded by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, evidence for the excited resonance state Lambda_b* is presented in its Lambda_b0 pi+ pi- decay, followed by the Lambda_b0 -->Lambda_c+ (-->proton K- pi+) pi- decays. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.6/fb collected by an online event selection based on charged-particle tracks displaced from the proton-antiproton interaction point. The significance of the observed signal is 3.5 Gaussian sigmas. The mass of the observed state is found to be 5919.22 +- 0.76 MeV in agreement with similar findings in proton-proton collision experiments.

We present a measurement of the total decay width of the top quark using events with top-antitop-quark pair candidates reconstructed in the final state with one charged lepton and four or more hadronic jets. We use the full Tevatron Run II data set of $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV proton-antiproton collisions recorded by the CDF II detector. The top-quark mass and the mass of the hadronically-decaying $W$ boson are reconstructed for each event and compared with distributions derived from simulated signal and background samples to extract the top-quark width (\gmt) and the energy scale of the calorimeter jets with {\it in-situ} calibration. For a top-quark mass $\mtop = \gevcc{172.5}$, we find $1.10<\gmt<\gev{4.05}$ at 68% confidence level, which is in agreement with the standard-model expectation of \gev{1.3} and is the most precise direct measurement of the top-quark width to date.

This Letter reports a measurement of the cross section for producing pairs of central prompt isolated photons in proton-antiproton collisions at a total energy of 1.96 TeV using data corresponding to 9.5/fb integrated luminosity collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The measured differential cross section is compared to three calculations derived from the theory of strong interactions. These include a prediction based on a leading order matrix element calculation merged with parton shower, a next-to-leading order, and a next-to-next-to-leading order calculation. The first and last calculations reproduce most aspects of the data, thus showing the importance of higher-order contributions for understanding the theory of strong interaction and improving measurements of the Higgs boson and searches for new phenomena in diphoton final states.

We measure the asymmetry in the charge-weighted rapidity of the lepton in semileptonic ttbar decays recorded with the CDF II detector using the full Tevatron Run II sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.4/fb. A parametrization of the asymmetry as a function of the charge-weighted rapidity is used to correct for the finite acceptance of the detector and recover the production-level asymmetry. The result of afb(lep) = 0.094 +0.032 -0.029 is to be compared to the standard model next-to-leading-order prediction of afb(lep) = 0.038 +-0.003.

We study charged particle production in proton-antiproton collisions at 300 GeV, 900 GeV, and 1.96 TeV. We use the direction of the charged particle with the largest transverse momentum in each event to define three regions of eta-phi space; toward, away, and transverse. The average number and the average scalar pT sum of charged particles in the transverse region are sensitive to the modeling of the underlying event. The transverse region is divided into a MAX and MIN transverse region, which helps separate the hard component (initial and final-state radiation) from the beam-beam remnant and multiple parton interaction components of the scattering. The center-of-mass energy dependence of the various components of the event are studied in detail. The data presented here can be used to constrain and improve QCD Monte Carlo models, resulting in more precise predictions at the LHC energies of 13 and 14 TeV.

We measure the time dependence of the ratio of decay rates for ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to the Cabibbo-favored decay ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. The charge conjugate decays are included. A signal of $3.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ ${D}^{*+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{D}^{0}$, ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is obtained with ${D}^{0}$ proper decay times between 0.75 and 10 mean ${D}^{0}$ lifetimes. The data were recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $9.6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. Assuming $CP$ conservation, we search for ${D}^{0}$-${\overline{D}}^{0}$ mixing and measure the mixing parameters to be ${R}_{D}=(3.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, ${y}^{\ensuremath{'}}=(4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and ${x}^{\ensuremath{'}2}=(0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We report Bayesian probability intervals in the ${x}^{\ensuremath{'}2}$-${y}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ plane and find that the significance of excluding the no-mixing hypothesis is equivalent to 6.1 Gaussian standard deviations, providing the second observation of ${D}^{0}$-${\overline{D}}^{0}$ mixing from a single experiment.

We present a search for the pair production of a narrow nonstandard-model strongly interacting particle that decays to a pair of quarks or gluons, leading to a final state with four hadronic jets. We consider both nonresonant production via an intermediate gluon as well as resonant production via a distinct nonstandard-model intermediate strongly interacting particle. We use data collected by the CDF experiment in proton-antiproton collisions at √[s]=1.96 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.6 fb(-1). We find the data to be consistent with nonresonant production. We report limits on σ(pp[over ¯]→jjjj) as a function of the masses of the hypothetical intermediate particles. Upper limits on the production cross sections for nonstandard-model particles in several resonant and nonresonant processes are also derived.

This Letter reports a search for a narrow resonant state decaying into two W bosons and two b quarks where one W boson decays leptonically and the other decays into a quark-antiquark pair. The search is particularly sensitive to top-antitop resonant production. We use the full data sample of proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb(-1). No evidence for resonant production is found, and upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio for a narrow resonant state are extracted. Within a specific benchmark model, we exclude a Z' boson with mass, M(Z'), below 915 GeV/c(2) decaying into a top-antitop pair at the 95% credibility level assuming a Z' boson decay width of Γ(Z') = 0.012 M(Z'). This is the most sensitive search for a narrow qq-initiated tt resonance in the mass region below 750 GeV/c(2).

We report on mass and lifetime measurements of several ground state charmed and bottom baryons, using a data sample corresponding to $9.6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ and recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Baryon candidates are reconstructed from data collected with an online event selection designed for the collection of long-lifetime heavy-flavor decay products and a second event selection designed to collect $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ candidates. First evidence for the process ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is presented with a significance of $3.3\ensuremath{\sigma}$. We measure the following baryon masses: $M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{0})=2470.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.24(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.55(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{+})=2468.00\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.51(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b})=5620.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.31(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.47(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}})=5793.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{0})=5788.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.3(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2},\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{1em}{0.0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}})=6047.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.8(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}.$The isospin splitting of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-},0}$ states is found to be $M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{-}M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{0})=4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.7(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7(\text{syst})\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$. The isospin splitting of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{0,+}$ states is found to be $M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{0})\ensuremath{-}M({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{+})=2.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.04(\text{syst})\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$. The following lifetime measurements are made: $\ensuremath{\tau}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b})=1.565\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.035(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ps},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\tau}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}})=1.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ps},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\tau}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}})=1.6{6}_{\ensuremath{-}0.40}^{+0.53}(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ps}.$

The first observation of the production of a W boson with a single charm quark (c) jet in pp[over ¯] collisions at √s=1.96 TeV is reported. The analysis uses data corresponding to 4.3 fb(-1), recorded with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Charm quark candidates are selected through the identification of an electron or muon from charm-hadron semileptonic decay within a hadronic jet, and a Wc signal is observed with a significance of 5.7 standard deviations. The production cross section σ(Wc)(p(Tc)>20 GeV/c,|η(c)|<1.5)×B(W→ℓν) is measured to be 13.6(-3.1)(+3.4) pb and is in agreement with theoretical expectations. From this result the magnitude of the quark-mixing matrix element V(cs) is derived, |V(cs)|=1.08±0.16 along with a lower limit of |V(cs)|>0.71 at the 95% confidence level, assuming that the Wc production through c to s quark coupling is dominant.

We measure exclusive $\pi^+\pi^-$ production in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 0.9 and 1.96 TeV in the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We select events with two oppositely charged particles, assumed to be pions, with pseudorapidity $|\eta| < 1.3$ and with no other particles detected in $|\eta| < 5.9$. We require the $\pi^+\pi^-$ system to have rapidity $|y|<$ 1.0. The production mechanism of these events is expected to be dominated by double pomeron exchange, which constrains the quantum numbers of the central state. The data are potentially valuable for isoscalar meson spectroscopy and for understanding the pomeron in a region of transition between nonperturbative and perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The data extend up to dipion mass $M(\pi^+\pi^-)$ = 5000 MeV/$c^2$ and show resonance structures attributed to $f_0$ and $f_2(1270)$ mesons. From the $\pi^+\pi^-$ and $K^+K^-$ spectra, we place upper limits on exclusive $\chi_{c0}(3415)$ production.

Absorbed radiation doses are essential in assessing the effects, e.g. safety and efficacy, of radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT). Patient-specific absorbed dose calculations in the target or the organ at risk require multiple inputs. These include the number of disintegrations in the organ, i.e. the time-integrated activities (TIAs) of the organs, as well as other parameters describing the process of radiation energy deposition in the target tissue (i.e. mean energy per disintegration, radiation dose constants, etc). TIAs are then estimated by incorporating the area under the radiopharmaceutical’s time-activity curve (TAC), which can be obtained by quantitative measurements of the biokinetics in the patient (typically based on imaging data such as planar scintigraphy, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, or blood and urine samples). The process of TAC determination/calculation for RPT generally depends on the user, e.g., the chosen number and schedule of measured time points, the selection of the fit function, the error model for the data and the fit algorithm. These decisions can strongly affect the final TIA values and thus the accuracy of calculated absorbed doses. Despite the high clinical importance of the TIA values, there is currently no consensus on processing time-activity data or even a clear understanding of the influence of uncertainties and variations in personalised RPT dosimetry related to user-dependent TAC calculation. As a first step towards minimising site-dependent variability in RPT dosimetry, this work provides an overview of quality assurance and uncertainty management considerations of the TIA estimation.

Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+X$ through an intermediate ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*}/Z$ boson. The lepton angular distributions are used to provide information on the electroweak-mixing parameter ${sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$ via its observable effective-leptonic ${sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$, or ${sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\mathrm{lept}}$. A new method to infer ${sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$ or, equivalently, the $W$-boson mass ${M}_{W}$ in the on-shell scheme, is developed and tested using a previous CDF Run II measurement of angular distributions from electron pairs in a sample corresponding to $2.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity from $p\overline{p}$ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV. The value of ${sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\mathrm{lept}}$ is found to be $0.2328\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0011$. Within a specified context of the standard model, this results in ${sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}=0.2246\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0011$, which corresponds to a $W$-boson mass of $80.297\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.055\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, in agreement with previous determinations in electron-position collisions and at the Tevatron collider.

We report a measurement of the differential cross section $d\ensuremath{\sigma}/d(\mathrm{cos}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{t})$ for top-quark pair production as a function of the top-quark production angle in proton-antiproton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. This measurement is performed using data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9.4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We employ the Legendre polynomials to characterize the shape of the differential cross section at the parton level. The observed Legendre coefficients are in good agreement with the prediction of the next-to-leading-order standard-model calculation, with the exception of an excess linear-term coefficient ${a}_{1}=0.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12$, compared to the standard-model prediction of ${a}_{1}={0.15}_{\ensuremath{-}0.03}^{+0.07}$.

We present a measurement of the $W$-boson mass, $M_W$, using data corresponding to 2.2/fb of integrated luminosity collected in ppbar collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The selected sample of 470126 $W\to e\nu$ candidates and 624708 $W\to\mu\nu$ candidates yields the measurement $M_W = 80387\pm 12$ (stat) $\pm 15$ (syst)$ = 80387 \pm 19$ MeV$/c^2$ . This is the most precise single measurement of the $W$-boson mass to date.

We report on a measurement of the cross section for direct-photon production in association with a heavy quark using the full data set of sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV proton-antiproton collisions corresponding to 9.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The measurements are performed as a function of the photon transverse momentum, covering a photon transverse momentum between 30 and 300 GeV, photon rapidities |yγ|<1.0, a heavy-quark-jet transverse momentum pTjet>20 GeV, and jet rapidities |yjet|<1.5. The results are compared with several theoretical predictions.

Differential cross sections for the production of $Z$ bosons or off-shell photons $\gamma^*$ in association with jets are measured in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV using the full data set collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab in Tevatron Run II, and corresponding to 9.6 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. Results include first measurements at CDF of differential cross sections in events with a $Z/\gamma^*$ boson and three or more jets, the inclusive cross section for production of $Z/\gamma^*$ and four or more jets, and cross sections as functions of various angular observables in lower jet-multiplicity final states. Measured cross sections are compared to several theoretical predictions.

We report evidence for s-channel single-top-quark production in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV using a data set that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb(-1) collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We select events consistent with the s-channel process including two jets and one leptonically decaying W boson. The observed significance is 3.8 standard deviations with respect to the background-only prediction. Assuming a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV/c(2), we measure the s-channel cross section to be 1.41(-0.42)(+0.44) pb.

We report on a search for \bsmm\ and \bdmm\ decays using proton-antiproton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV corresponding to $10 \fb$ of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The observed number of \bd\ candidates is consistent with background-only expectations and yields an upper limit on the branching fraction of $\brbdmm < 4.6\times 10^{-9}$ at 95% confidence level. We observe an excess of \bs\ candidates. The probability that the background processes alone could produce such an excess or larger is 0.94%. The probability that the combination of background and the expected standard model rate of \bsmm\ could produce such an excess or larger is 6.8%. These data are used to determine a branching fraction $\brbsmm = (1.3^{+0.9}_{-0.7}) \times 10^{-8} $ and provide an upper limit of $\brbsmm < 3.1\times 10^{-8}$ at 95% confidence level.

We measure the polarization of $W$ bosons from top-quark ($t$) decays into final states with a charged lepton and jets, $t\overline{t}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{W}^{+}b{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}\overline{b}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\ell}\ensuremath{\nu}bq{\overline{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\overline{b}$, using the full Run II data set collected by the CDF II detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $8.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A model-independent method simultaneously determines the fraction of longitudinal (${f}_{0}$) and right-handed (${f}_{+}$) $W$ bosons to yield ${f}_{0}=0.726\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.066(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.067(\mathrm{syst})$ and ${f}_{+}=\ensuremath{-}0.045\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.044(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.058(\mathrm{syst})$ with a correlation coefficient of $\ensuremath{-}0.69$. Additional results are presented under various standard model assumptions. No significant discrepancies with the standard model are observed.

We report on a measurement of the top-quark electric charge in $t\overline{t}$ events in which one $W$ boson originating from the top-quark pair decays into leptons and the other into hadrons. The event sample was collected by the CDF II detector in $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-antiproton collisions and corresponds to $5.6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We find the data to be consistent with the standard model and exclude the existence of an exotic quark with $\ensuremath{-}4/3$ electric charge and mass of the conventional top quark at the 99% confidence level.

We report a measurement of the indirect $CP$-violating asymmetries (${A}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}$) between effective lifetimes of anticharm and charm mesons reconstructed in ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays. We use the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab experiment and corresponding to $9.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity. The strong-interaction decay ${D}^{*+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ is used to identify the meson at production as ${D}^{0}$ or ${\overline{D}}^{0}$. We statistically subtract ${D}^{0}$ and ${\overline{D}}^{0}$ mesons originating from $b$-hadron decays and measure the yield asymmetry between anticharm and charm decays as a function of decay time. We measure ${A}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}({K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(\ensuremath{-}0.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04(\text{syst}))%$ and ${A}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{-}0.01\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03(\text{syst}))%$. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of $CP$ symmetry and their combination yields ${A}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}=(\ensuremath{-}0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12)%$.

We present a combination of searches for the standard model Higgs boson using the full CDF run II data set, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $9.45--10.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected from $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ $p\overline{p}$ collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron. The searches consider Higgs boson production from gluon-gluon fusion, vector-boson fusion, and associated production with either a $W$ or $Z$ boson or a $t\overline{t}$ pair. Depending on the production mode, Higgs boson decays to ${W}^{+}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $ZZ$, $b\overline{b}$, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ are examined. We search for a Higgs boson with masses (${m}_{H}$) in the range $90--200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. In the absence of a signal, we expect based on combined search sensitivity to exclude at the 95% credibility level the mass regions $90&lt;{m}_{H}&lt;94\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, $96&lt;{m}_{H}&lt;106\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, and $153&lt;{m}_{H}&lt;175\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. The observed exclusion regions are $90&lt;{m}_{H}&lt;102\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ and $149&lt;{m}_{H}&lt;172\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. A moderate excess of signal-like events relative to the background expectation at the level of 2.0 standard deviations is present in the data for the ${m}_{H}=125\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ search hypothesis. We also present interpretations of the data within the context of a fermiophobic model and an alternative standard model incorporating a fourth generation of fermions. Finally, for the hypothesis of a new particle with mass $125\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, we constrain the coupling strengths of the new particle to ${W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ bosons, $Z$ bosons, and fermions.

Radionuclide therapy, also called molecular radiotherapy (MRT), has come of age, with several novel radiopharmaceuticals being approved for clinical use or under development in the last decade. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is a well-established treatment modality, with about half of all oncologic patients expected to receive at least one external radiation treatment over their disease course. The efficacy and the toxicity of both types of treatment rely on the interaction of radiation with biological tissues. Dosimetry played a fundamental role in the scientific and technological evolution of EBRT, and absorbed doses to the target and to the organs at risk are calculated on a routine basis. In contrast, in MRT the usefulness of internal dosimetry has long been questioned, and a structured path to include absorbed dose calculation is missing. However, following a similar route of development as EBRT, MRT treatments could probably be optimized in a significant proportion of patients, likely based on dosimetry and radiobiology. In the present paper we describe the differences and the similarities between internal and external-beam dosimetry in the context of radiation treatments, and we retrace the main stages of their development over the last decades.

The first search for single-top-quark production from the exchange of an $s$-channel virtual $W$ boson using events with an imbalance in the total transverse energy, $b$-tagged jets, and no identified leptons is presented. Assuming the electroweak production of top quarks of mass $172.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{\mathit{c}}^{2}$ in the $s$ channel, a cross section of $1.1{2}_{\ensuremath{-}0.57}^{+0.61}$ ($\text{stat}+\text{syst}$) pb with a significance of 1.9 standard deviations is measured. This measurement is combined with the result obtained from events with an imbalance in total transverse momentum, $b$-tagged jets, and exactly one identified lepton, yielding a cross section of $1.3{6}_{\ensuremath{-}0.32}^{+0.37}$ ($\text{stat}+\text{syst}$) pb, with a significance of 4.2 standard deviations.

We report a measurement of single top quark production in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV using a data set corresponding to 7.5 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We select events consistent with the single top quark decay process t→Wb→ℓνb by requiring the presence of an electron or muon, a large imbalance of transverse momentum indicating the presence of a neutrino, and two or three jets including at least one originating from a bottom quark. An artificial neural network is used to discriminate the signal from backgrounds. We measure a single top quark production cross section of 3.04(-0.53)(+0.57) pb and set a lower limit on the magnitude of the coupling between the top quark and bottom quark |Vtb|>0.78 at the 95% credibility level.

We present a measurement of the ratio of the top-quark branching fractions $R=\mathcal{B}(t\rightarrow Wb)/\mathcal{B}(t\rightarrow Wq)$, where $q$ represents quarks of type $b$, $s$, or $d$, in the final state with a lepton and hadronic jets. The measurement uses $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96 TeV proton--antiproton collision data from 8.7 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab during Run II of the Tevatron. We simultaneously measure $R=0.94 \pm 0.09$ (stat+syst), the $t\bar{t}$ production cross section $\sigma_{t \bar t} = 7.5 \pm 1.0$ (stat+syst) pb. The magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element, $|V_{tb}| = 0.97 \pm 0.05$ (stat+syst) is extracted assuming three generations of quarks, and a lower limit of $|V_{tb}|>0.89$ at 95% credibility level is set.

A search for forbidden and exotic Z boson decays in the diphoton mass spectrum is presented for the first time in hadron collisions, based on data corresponding to 10.0 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from proton-antiproton collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV collected by the CDF experiment. No evidence of signal is observed, and 95% credibility level Bayesian upper limits are set on the branching ratios of decays of the Z boson to a photon and neutral pion (which is detected as a photon), a pair of photons, and a pair of neutral pions. The observed branching ratio limits are 2.01 × 10(-5) for Z → π(0)γ, 1.46 × 10(-5) for Z → γγ, and 1.52 × 10(-5) for Z → π(0)π(0). The Z → π(0)γ and Z → γγ limits improve the most stringent results from other experiments by factors of 2.6 and 3.6, respectively. The Z → π(0)π(0) branching ratio limit is the first experimental result on this decay.

We present a measurement of the top-quark mass using the full data set of Tevatron $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-antiproton collisions recorded by the CDF II detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $8.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The analysis uses events with one semileptonic $t$ or $\overline{t}$ decay, but without detection of the electron or muon. We select events with significant missing transverse energy and multiple jets. We veto events containing identified electrons or muons. We obtain distributions of the top-quark masses and the invariant mass of the two jets from $W$-boson decays from data and compare these to templates derived from signal and background samples to extract the top-quark mass and the energy scale of the calorimeter jets with in situ calibration. A likelihood fit of the templates from signal and background events to the data yields the top-quark mass, ${M}_{\mathrm{top}}=173.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.64(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.87(\mathrm{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. This result is the most precise measurement to date of the mass of the top quark in this event topology.

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton ($p\bar{p}$) collider, Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process $p \bar{p} \rightarrow e^+e^- + X$ through an intermediate $\gamma^*/Z$ boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the $e^-$ as a function of the $e^+e^-$-pair mass is used to obtain $\sin^2\theta^{\rm lept}_{\rm eff}$, the effective leptonic determination of the electroweak-mixing parameter $\sin^2\theta_W$. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to 9.4~fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity from $p\bar{p}$ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of $\sin^2\theta^{\rm lept}_{\rm eff}$ is found to be $0.23248 \pm 0.00053$. The combination with the previous CDF measurement based on $\mu^+\mu^-$ pairs yields $\sin^2\theta^{\rm lept}_{\rm eff} = 0.23221 \pm 0.00046$. This result, when interpreted within the specified context of the standard model assuming $\sin^2 \theta_W = 1 - M_W^2/M_Z^2$ and that the $W$- and $Z$-boson masses are on-shell, yields $\sin^2\theta_W = 0.22400 \pm 0.00045$, or equivalently a $W$-boson mass of $80.328 \pm 0.024 \;{\rm GeV}/c^2$.

We present an updated search for the Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson in the final state with missing transverse energy and two jets. We use the full CDF data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb${}^{-1}$ at a proton-antiproton center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV. New to this analysis is the inclusion of a $b$-jet identification algorithm specifically optimized for $H\to b\bar{b}$ searches. Across the Higgs boson mass range $90 \le m_H \le 150$ GeV$/c^2$, the expected 95% credibility level upper limits on the $V H$ production cross section times the $H\to b\bar{b}$ branching fraction are improved by an average of 14% relative to the previous analysis. At a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV$/c^2$, the observed (expected) limit is 3.06 (3.33) times the standard model prediction, corresponding to one of the most sensitive searches to date in this final state.

We present a measurement of the top-quark pair production cross section in proton-antiproton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. The data were collected at the Fermilab Tevatron by the CDF II detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $8.8\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, representing the complete CDF Run II data set. We select events consistent with the production of top-quark pairs by requiring the presence of two reconstructed leptons, an imbalance in the total event transverse momentum, and jets. At least one jet is required to be identified as consistent with the fragmentation of a bottom quark using a secondary-vertex-finding algorithm. The 246 candidate events are estimated to have a signal purity of 91%. We measure a cross section of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{t\overline{t}}=7.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.84\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$, assuming a top-quark mass of $172.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. The results are consistent with the standard model as predicted by next-to-leading-order calculations.

We present a measurement of the ZZ boson-pair production cross section in 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy ppbar collisions. We reconstruct final states incorporating four charged leptons or two charged leptons and two neutrinos from the full data set collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.7 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. Combining the results obtained from each final state, we measure a cross section of 1.04(+0.32)(-0.25) pb, in good agreement with the standard model prediction at next-to-leading order in the strong-interaction coupling.

The coffea framework provides a new approach to High-Energy Physics analysis, via columnar operations, that improves time-to-insight, scalability, portability, and reproducibility of analysis. It is implemented with the Python programming language, the scientific python package ecosystem, and commodity big data technologies. To achieve this suite of improvements across many use cases, coffea takes a factorized approach, separating the analysis implementation and data delivery scheme. All analysis operations are implemented using the NumPy or awkward-array packages which are wrapped to yield user code whose purpose is quickly intuited. Various data delivery schemes are wrapped into a common front-end which accepts user inputs and code, and returns user defined outputs. We will discuss our experience in implementing analysis of CMS data using the coffea framework along with a discussion of the user experience and future directions.

We present an analysis of top-antitop quark production and decay into a tau lepton, tau neutrino, and bottom quark using data from $9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity at the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Dilepton events, where one lepton is an energetic electron or muon and the other a hadronically decaying tau lepton, originating from proton-antiproton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, are used. A top-antitop quark production cross section of $8.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$ is measured, assuming standard-model top quark decays. By separately identifying for the first time the single-tau and the ditau components, we measure the branching fraction of the top quark into the tau lepton, tau neutrino, and bottom quark to be $(9.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.8)%$. The branching fraction of top quark decays into a charged Higgs boson and a bottom quark, which would imply violation of lepton universality, is limited to be less than 5.9% at a 95% confidence level [for $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\tau}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})=1$].

We present a measurement of the mass difference between top ($t$) and antitop ($\overline{t}$) quarks using $t\overline{t}$ candidate events reconstructed in the final state with one lepton and multiple jets. We use the full data set of Tevatron $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-antiproton collisions recorded by the CDF II detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $8.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We estimate event by event the mass difference to construct templates for top pair signal events and background events. The resulting mass difference distribution in data compared to signal and background templates using a likelihood fit yields $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{\mathrm{top}}={M}_{t}\ensuremath{-}{M}_{\overline{t}}=\ensuremath{-}1.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.11(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.59(\mathrm{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ and is in agreement with the standard model prediction of no mass difference.

Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+X$ through an intermediate ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*}/Z$boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ as a function of the invariant mass of the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair is used to obtain the effective leptonic determination ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\text{eff}}^{\text{lept}}$ of the electroweak-mixing parameter ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$, from which the value of ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$ is derived assuming the standard model. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to $9.2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity from $p\overline{p}$ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\text{eff}}^{\text{lept}}$ is found to be $0.2315\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0010$, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined in quadrature. When interpreted within the context of the standard model using the on-shell renormalization scheme, where ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}=1\ensuremath{-}{M}_{W}^{2}/{M}_{Z}^{2}$, the measurement yields ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}=0.2233\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0009$, or equivalently a $W$-boson mass of $80.365\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.047\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. The value of the $W$-boson mass is in agreement with previous determinations in electron-positron collisions and at the Tevatron collider.

We present a measurement of the top-quark mass in events containing two leptons (electrons or muons) with a large transverse momentum, two or more energetic jets, and a transverse-momentum imbalance. We use the full proton-antiproton collision data set collected by the CDF experiment during the Fermilab Tevatron Run~II at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.1 fb$^{-1}$. A special observable is exploited for an optimal reduction of the dominant systematic uncertainty, associated with the knowledge of the absolute energy of the hadronic jets. The distribution of this observable in the selected events is compared to simulated distributions of ${t\bar{t}}$ dilepton signal and background.We measure a value for the top-quark mass of $171.5\pm 1.9~{\rm (stat)}\pm 2.5~{\rm (syst)}$ GeV/$c^2$.

The top-quark mass M_top is measured using top quark-antiquark pairs produced in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV and decaying into a fully hadronic final state. The full data set collected with the CDFII detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.3 fb-1, is used. Events are selected that have six to eight jets, at least one of which is identified as having originated from a b quark. In addition, a multivariate algorithm, containing multiple kinematic variables as inputs, is used to discriminate signal events from background events due to QCD multijet production. Templates for the reconstructed top-quark mass are combined in a likelihood fit to measure M_top with a simultaneous calibration of the jet-energy scale. A value of M_top = 175.07+- 1.19(stat)+1.55-1.58(syst) GeV/c^2 is obtained for the top-quark mass.

We describe a measurement of the ratio of the cross sections times branching fractions of the ${B}_{c}^{+}$ meson in the decay mode ${B}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ to the ${B}^{+}$ meson in the decay mode ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{+}$ in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. The measurement is based on the complete CDF Run II data set, which comes from an integrated luminosity of $8.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The ratio of the production cross sections times branching fractions for ${B}_{c}^{+}$ and ${B}^{+}$ mesons with momentum transverse to the beam greater than $6\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and rapidity magnitude smaller than 0.6 is $0.211\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012{(\mathrm{stat})}_{\ensuremath{-}0.020}^{+0.021}(\mathrm{syst})$. Using the known ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{+}$ branching fraction, the known ${B}^{+}$ production cross section, and a selection of the predicted ${B}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ branching fractions, the range for the total ${B}_{c}^{+}$ production cross section is estimated.

Experimental Particle Physics has been at the forefront of analyzing the worlds largest datasets for decades. The HEP community was the first to develop suitable software and computing tools for this task. In recent times, new toolkits and systems collectively called Big Data technologies have emerged to support the analysis of Petabyte and Exabyte datasets in industry. While the principles of data analysis in HEP have not changed (filtering and transforming experiment-specific data formats), these new technologies use different approaches and promise a fresh look at analysis of very large datasets and could potentially reduce the time-to-physics with increased interactivity.

We report on a search for charged massive resonances decaying to top ($t$) and bottom ($b$) quarks in the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV collected by the CDF~II detector at the Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.5 $fb^{-1}$. No significant excess above the standard model (SM) background prediction is observed. We set 95% Bayesian credibility mass-dependent upper limits on the heavy charged particle production cross section times branching ratio to $t b$. Using a SM extension with a $W^{\prime}$ and left-right-symmetric couplings as a benchmark model, we constrain the $W^{\prime}$ mass and couplings in the 300 to 900 GeV/$c^2$ range. The limits presented here are the most stringent for a charged resonance with mass in the range 300 -- 600 GeV/$c^2$ decaying to top and bottom quarks.

Received 21 October 2013DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.079905© 2013 American Physical Society

Production of the Upsilon(1S) meson in association with a vector boson is a rare process in the standard model with a cross section predicted to be below the sensitivity of the Tevatron. Observation of this process could signify contributions not described by the standard model or reveal limitations with the current non-relativistic quantum-chromodynamic models used to calculate the cross section. We perform a search for this process using the full Run II data set collected by the CDF II detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.4/fb. The search considers the Upsilon(1S) to di-muon decay and the decay of the W and Z bosons into muons and electrons. In these purely leptonic decay channels, we observe one Upsilon(1S)W candidate with an expected background of 1.2 +/- 0.5 events, and one Upsilon(1S)Z candidate with an expected background of 0.1 +/- 0.1 events. Both observations are consistent with the predicted background contributions. The resulting upper limits on the cross section for Upsilon(1S)+W/Z production are the most sensitive reported from a single experiment and place restrictions on potential contributions from non-standard-model physics.

We measure the forward--backward asymmetry of the production of top quark and antiquark pairs in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = 1.96~\mathrm{TeV}$ using the full data set collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) in Tevatron Run II corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9.1~\rm{fb}^{-1}$. The asymmetry is characterized by the rapidity difference between top quarks and antiquarks ($\Delta y$), and measured in the final state with two charged leptons (electrons and muons). The inclusive asymmetry, corrected to the entire phase space at parton level, is measured to be $A_{\text{FB}}^{t\bar{t}} = 0.12 \pm 0.13$, consistent with the expectations from the standard-model (SM) and previous CDF results in the final state with a single charged lepton. The combination of the CDF measurements of the inclusive $A_{\text{FB}}^{t\bar{t}}$ in both final states yields $A_{\text{FB}}^{t\bar{t}}=0.160\pm0.045$, which is consistent with the SM predictions. We also measure the differential asymmetry as a function of $\Delta y$. A linear fit to $A_{\text{FB}}^{t\bar{t}}(|\Delta y|)$, assuming zero asymmetry at $\Delta y=0$, yields a slope of $\alpha=0.14\pm0.15$, consistent with the SM prediction and the previous CDF determination in the final state with a single charged lepton. The combined slope of $A_{\text{FB}}^{t\bar{t}}(|\Delta y|)$ in the two final states is $\alpha=0.227\pm0.057$, which is $2.0\sigma$ larger than the SM prediction.

We present a search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying to two $W$ bosons that decay to leptons using the full data set collected with the CDF II detector in $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ $p\overline{p}$ collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We obtain no evidence for production of a standard model Higgs boson with mass between 110 and $200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, and place upper limits on the production cross section within this range. We exclude standard model Higgs boson production at the 95% confidence level in the mass range between 149 and $172\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, while expecting to exclude, in the absence of signal, the range between 155 and $175\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. We also interpret the search in terms of standard model Higgs boson production in the presence of a fourth generation of fermions and within the context of a fermiophobic Higgs boson model. For the specific case of a standard-model-like Higgs boson in the presence of fourth-generation fermions, we exclude at the 95% confidence level Higgs boson production in the mass range between 124 and $200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, while expecting to exclude, in the absence of signal, the range between 124 and $221\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$.

We report on a study of the dijet invariant-mass distribution in events with one identified lepton, a significant imbalance in the total event transverse momentum, and two jets. This distribution is sensitive to the possible production of a new particle in association with a $W$ boson, where the boson decays leptonically. We use the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy collected by the Collider Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $8.9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The data are found to be consistent with standard model expectations, and a 95% confidence level upper limit is set on the production cross section of a $W$ boson in association with a new particle decaying into two jets.

Experimental Particle Physics has been at the forefront of analyzing the world's largest datasets for decades. The HEP community was among the first to develop suitable software and computing tools for this task. In recent times, new toolkits and systems for distributed data processing, collectively called "Big Data" technologies have emerged from industry and open source projects to support the analysis of Petabyte and Exabyte datasets in industry. While the principles of data analysis in HEP have not changed (filtering and transforming experiment-specific data formats), these new technologies use different approaches and tools, promising a fresh look at analysis of very large datasets that could potentially reduce the time-to-physics with increased interactivity. Moreover these new tools are typically actively developed by large communities, often profiting of industry resources, and under open source licensing. These factors result in a boost for adoption and maturity of the tools and for the communities supporting them, at the same time helping in reducing the cost of ownership for the end users. In this talk, we are presenting studies of using Apache Spark for end user data analysis. We are studying the HEP analysis workflow separated into two thrusts: the reduction of centrally produced experiment datasets and the end analysis up to the publication plot. Studying the first thrust, CMS is working together with CERN openlab and Intel on the CMS Big Data Reduction Facility. The goal is to reduce 1 PB of official CMS data to 1 TB of ntuple output for analysis. We are presenting the progress of this 2-year project with first results of scaling up Spark-based HEP analysis. Studying the second thrust, we are presenting studies on using Apache Spark for a CMS Dark Matter physics search, investigating Spark's feasibility, usability and performance compared to the traditional ROOT-based analysis.

We present a measurement of the production cross section for ZW and ZZ boson pairs in final states with a pair of charged leptons, from the decay of a Z boson, and at least two jets, from the decay of a W or Z boson, using the full sample of proton-antiproton collisions recorded with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron, corresponding to 8.9 fb^(-1) of integrated luminosity. We increase the sensitivity to vector boson decays into pairs of quarks using a neural network discriminant that exploits the differences between the spatial spread of energy depositions and charged-particle momenta contained within the jet of particles originating from quarks and gluons. Additionally, we employ new jet energy corrections to Monte Carlo simulations that account for differences in the observed energy scales for quark and gluon jets. The number of signal events is extracted through a simultaneous fit to the dijet mass spectrum in three classes of events: events likely to contain jets with a heavy-quark decay, events likely to contain jets originating from light quarks, and events that fail these identification criteria. We determine the production cross section to be 2.5 +2.0 -1.0 pb (< 6.1 pb at the 95% confidence level), consistent with the standard model prediction of 5.1 pb.

We present a search for chargino-neutralino associated production using like electric charge dilepton events collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron in proton-antiproton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. One lepton is identified as the hadronic decay of a tau lepton, while the other is an electron or muon. In data corresponding to 6.0 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, we obtain good agreement with standard model predictions, and set limits on the chargino-neutralino production cross section for simplified gravity- and gauge-mediated models. As an example, assuming that the chargino and neutralino decays to taus dominate, in the simplified gauge-mediated model we exclude cross sections greater than 300 fb at 95% credibility level for chargino and neutralino masses of 225 \gevcc. This analysis is the first to extend the LHC searches for electroweak supersymmetric production of gauginos to high $\tan\beta$ and slepton next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle scenarios.

We present a measurement of the $W$-boson-pair production cross section in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy and the first measurement of the differential cross section as a function of jet multiplicity and leading-jet energy. The $W^{+}W^{-}$ cross section is measured in the final state comprising two charged leptons and neutrinos, where either charged lepton can be an electron or a muon. Using data collected by the CDF experiment corresponding to $9.7~\rm{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, a total of $3027$ collision events consistent with $W^{+}W^{-}$ production are observed with an estimated background contribution of $1790\pm190$ events. The measured total cross section is $\sigma(p\bar{p} \rightarrow W^{+}W^{-}) = 14.0 \pm 0.6~(\rm{stat})^{+1.2}_{-1.0}~(\rm{syst})\pm0.8~(\rm{lumi})$ pb, consistent with the standard model prediction.

An updated measurement of the single top quark production cross section is presented using the full data set collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) and corresponding to 9.5 fb${}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity from proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy. The events selected contain an imbalance in the total transverse energy, jets identified as originating from $b$ quarks, and no identified leptons. The sum of the $s$- and $t$-channel single top quark cross sections is measured to be $3.53_{-1.16}^{+1.25}$ pb and a lower limit on $V_{tb}$ of 0.63 is obtained at the 95% credibility level. These measurements are combined with previously reported CDF results obtained from events with an imbalance in total transverse energy, jets identified as originating from $b$ quarks, and exactly one identified lepton. The combined cross section is measured to be $3.02_{-0.48}^{+0.49}$ pb and a lower limit on $V{tb}$ of 0.84 is obtained at the 95% credibility level.

We report measurements of the inclusive transverse momentum (${p}_{T}$) distribution of centrally produced ${K}_{S}^{0}$, ${K}^{\ensuremath{\star}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(892)$, and ${\ensuremath{\phi}}^{0}(1020)$ mesons up to ${p}_{T}=10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$ in minimum bias events, and ${K}_{S}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ particles up to ${p}_{T}=20\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$ in jets with transverse energy between 25 and 160 GeV in $p\overline{p}$ collisions. The data were taken with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. We find that as ${p}_{T}$ increases, the ${p}_{T}$ slopes of the three mesons (${K}_{S}^{0}$, ${K}^{\ensuremath{\star}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, and $\ensuremath{\phi}$) are similar. And using our previous ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ results from minimum bias events, we show that the ratio of ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ to ${K}_{S}^{0}$ as a function of ${p}_{T}$ in minimum bias events becomes similar to the fairly constant ratio in jets at ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\sim}5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$. This suggests that the particles with ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$ in minimum bias events are from ``soft'' jets, and that the ${p}_{T}$ slope of particles in jets is insensitive to light quark flavor ($u$, $d$, or $s$) and to the number of valence quarks. We also find that for ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\lesssim}4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ relatively more ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ baryons are produced in minimum bias events than in jets.

A measurement of vector boson ($V$) production in conjunction with a $D^{*}(2010)^+$ meson is presented. Using a data sample corresponding to $9.7\, {\rm fb}^{-1}$ of ^Mproton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=1.96\rm~ TeV$ produced by the Fermilab Tevatron, we reconstruct $V+D^{*+}$ samples with the CDF~II detector. The $D^{*+}$ is fully reconstructed in the $D^{*}(2010)^+ \rightarrow D^{0}(\to K^-\pi^+)\pi^+$ decay mode. This technique is sensitive to the associated production of vector boson plus charm or bottom mesons. We measure the ratio of production cross sections $\sigma(W+D^{*})/\sigma(W)$ = $[1.75\pm 0.13 {\rm (stat)}\pm 0.09 {\rm (syst)}]\% $ and $\sigma(Z+D^{*})/\sigma(Z)$ = $[1.5\pm 0.4 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.2 {\rm (syst)}]\% $ and perform a differential measurement of $d\sigma(W+D^{*})/dp_T(D^{*})$. Event properties are utilized to determine the fraction of $V+D^{*}(2010)^+$ events originating from different production processes. The results are in agreement with the predictions obtained with the {\sc pythia} program, limiting possible contribution from non-standard-model physics processes.

We present the first signature-based search for delayed photons using an exclusive photon plus missing transverse energy final state. Events are reconstructed in a data sample from the CDF II detector corresponding to $6.3\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity from $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-antiproton collisions. Candidate events are selected if they contain a photon with an arrival time in the detector larger than expected from a promptly produced photon. The mean number of events from standard model sources predicted by the data-driven background model based on the photon timing distribution is $286\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}24$. A total of 322 events are observed. A $p$ value of 12% is obtained, showing consistency of the data with standard model predictions.

A search for a Higgs boson with suppressed couplings to fermions, ${h}_{f}$, assumed to be the neutral, lower-mass partner of the Higgs boson discovered at the Large Hadron Collider, is reported. Such a Higgs boson could exist in extensions of the standard model with two Higgs doublets, and could be produced via $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{H}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{h}_{f}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{W}^{*}{h}_{f}{h}_{f}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4\ensuremath{\gamma}+X$, where ${H}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ is a charged Higgs boson. This analysis uses all events with at least three photons in the final state from proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9.2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. No evidence of a signal is observed in the data. Values of Higgs-boson masses between 10 and $100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ are excluded at 95% Bayesian credibility.

We present a measurement of the total {\it WW} and {\it WZ} production cross sections in $p\bar{p}$ collision at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV, in a final state consistent with leptonic $W$ boson decay and jets originating from heavy-flavor quarks from either a $W$ or a $Z$ boson decay. This analysis uses the full data set collected with the CDF II detector during Run II of the Tevatron collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb$^{-1}$. An analysis of the dijet mass spectrum provides $3.7\sigma$ evidence of the summed production processes of either {\it WW} or {\it WZ} bosons with a measured total cross section of $\sigma_{WW+WZ} = 13.7\pm 3.9$~pb. Independent measurements of the {\it WW} and {\it WZ} production cross sections are allowed by the different heavy-flavor decay-patterns of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons and by the analysis of secondary-decay vertices reconstructed within heavy-flavor jets. The productions of {\it WW} and of {\it WZ} dibosons are independently seen with significances of $2.9\sigma$ and $2.1\sigma$, respectively, with total cross sections of $\sigma_{WW}= 9.4\pm 4.2$~pb and $\sigma_{WZ}=3.7^{+2.5}_{-2.2}$~pb. The measurements are consistent with standard-model predictions.

Results of a study of the substructure of the highest transverse momentum (pT) jets observed by the CDF collaboration are presented. Events containing at least one jet with pT > 400 GeV/c in a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.95 inverse fb, collected in 1.96 TeV proton-antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, are selected. A study of the jet mass, angularity, and planar-flow distributions is presented, and the measurements are compared with predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics. A search for boosted top-quark production is also described, leading to a 95% confidence level upper limit of 38 fb on the production cross section of top quarks with pT > 400 GeV/c.

We perform a search for new physics using final states consisting of three leptons and a large imbalance in transverse momentum resulting from proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy. We use data corresponding to 5.8 fb-1 of integrated luminosity recorded by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. Our main objective is to investigate possible new low-momentum (down to 5 GeV/c) multi-leptonic final states not investigated by LHC experiments. Relative to previous CDF analyses, we expand the geometric and kinematic coverage of electrons and muons and utilize tau leptons that decay hadronically. Inclusion of tau leptons is particularly important for supersymmetry (SUSY) searches. The results are consistent with standard-model predictions. By optimizing our event selection to increase sensitivity to the minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) SUSY model, we set limits on the associated production of chargino and neutralino, the SUSY partners of the electroweak gauge bosons. We exclude cross sections up to 0.1 pb and chargino masses up to 168 GeV/c^2 at 95% CL, for a suited set of mSUGRA parameters. We also exclude a region of the two-dimensional space of the masses of the neutralino and the supersymmetric partner of the tau lepton, not previously excluded at the Tevatron.

We report on a search for a dijet resonance in events with only two or three jets and a large imbalance in the total event transverse momentum. This search is sensitive to the possible production of a new particle in association with a $W$ or $Z$ boson, where the boson decays leptonically with one or more neutrinos in the final state. We use the full data set collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider at a proton-antiproton center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. These data correspond to an integrated luminosity of $9.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We study the invariant mass distribution of the two jets with highest transverse energy. We find good agreement between data and standard model background expectations and measure the combined cross section for $WW$, $WZ$, and $ZZ$ production to be ${13.8}_{\ensuremath{-}2.7}^{+3.0}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$. No significant anomalies are observed in the mass spectrum, and 95% credibility level upper limits are set on the production rates of a potential new particle in association with a $W$ or $Z$ boson.

Particle collisions at the energy frontier can probe the nature of invisible dark matter via production in association with recoiling visible objects. We propose a new potential production mode, in which dark matter is produced by the decay of a heavy dark Higgs boson radiated from a heavy $W'$ boson. In such a model, motivated by left-right symmetric theories, dark matter would not be pair produced in association with other recoiling objects due to its lack of direct coupling to quarks or gluons. We study the hadronic decay mode via $W'\rightarrow tb$ and estimate the LHC exclusion sensitivity at 95\% confidence level to be $10^2-10^5$ fb for $W'$ boson masses between 250 and 1750 GeV.

We report on a measurement of the $D^{+}$-meson production cross section as a function of transverse momentum ($p_T$) in proton-antiproton ($p\bar{p}$) collisions at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy, using the full data set collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in Tevatron Run II and corresponding to 10 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. We use $D^{+} \to K^-\pi^+\pi^+$ decays fully reconstructed in the central rapidity region $|y|<1$ with transverse momentum down to 1.5 GeV/$c$, a range previously unexplored in $p\bar{p}$ collisions. Inelastic $p\bar{p}$-scattering events are selected online using minimally-biasing requirements followed by an optimized offline selection. The $K^-\pi^+\pi^+$ mass distribution is used to identify the $D^+$ signal, and the $D^+$ transverse impact-parameter distribution is used to separate prompt production, occurring directly in the hard scattering process, from secondary production from $b$-hadron decays. We obtain a prompt $D^+$ signal of 2950 candidates corresponding to a total cross section $\sigma(D^+, 1.5 < p_T < 14.5~\mbox{GeV/}c, |y|<1) = 71.9 \pm 6.8 (\mbox{stat}) \pm 9.3 (\mbox{syst})~\mu$b. While the measured cross sections are consistent with theoretical estimates in each $p_T$ bin, the shape of the observed $p_T$ spectrum is softer than the expectation from quantum chromodynamics. The results are unique in $p\bar{p}$ collisions and can improve the shape and uncertainties of future predictions.

A measurement of the inclusive production cross section of isolated prompt photons in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$=1.96TeV is presented. The results are obtained using the full Run II data sample collected with the Collider Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9.5fb$^{-1}$. The cross section is measured as a function of photon transverse energy, $E_T^{\gamma}$, in the range 30$ < E_T^{\gamma} <$500GeV and in the pseudorapidity region $|\eta^{\gamma}|<$1.0. The results are compared with predictions from parton-shower Monte Carlo models at leading order in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and from next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The latter show good agreement with the measured cross section.

The HEP community is approaching an era were the excellent performances of the particle accelerators in delivering collision at high rate will force the experiments to record a large amount of information. The growing size of the datasets could potentially become a limiting factor in the capability to produce scientific results timely and efficiently. Recently, new technologies and new approaches have been developed in industry to answer to the necessity to retrieve information as quickly as possible to analyze PB and EB datasets. Providing the scientists with these modern computing tools will lead to rethinking the principles of data analysis in HEP, making the overall scientific process faster and smoother. In this paper, we are presenting the latest developments and the most recent results on the usage of Apache Spark for HEP analysis. The study aims at evaluating the efficiency of the application of the new tools both quantitatively, by measuring the performances, and qualitatively, focusing on the user experience. The first goal is achieved by developing a data reduction facility: working together with CERN Openlab and Intel, CMS replicates a real physics search using Spark-based technologies, with the ambition of reducing 1 PB of public data in 5 hours, collected by the CMS experiment, to 1 TB of data in a format suitable for physics analysis. The second goal is achieved by implementing multiple physics use-cases in Apache Spark using as input preprocessed datasets derived from official CMS data and simulation. By performing different end-analyses up to the publication plots on different hardware, feasibility, usability and portability are compared to the ones of a traditional ROOT-based workflow.

The COFFEA Framework provides a new approach to HEP analysis, via columnar operations, that improves time-to-insight, scalability, portability, and reproducibility of analysis. It is implemented with the Python programming language and commodity big data technologies such as Apache Spark and NoSQL databases. To achieve this suite of improvements across many use cases, COFFEA takes a factorized approach, separating the analysis implementation and data delivery scheme. All analysis operations are implemented using the NumPy or awkward-array packages which are wrapped to yield user code whose purpose is quickly intuited. Various data delivery schemes are wrapped into a common front-end which accepts user inputs and code, and returns user defined outputs. We will present published results from analysis of CMS data using the COFFEA framework along with a discussion of metrics and the user experience of arriving at those results with columnar analysis.

We report a measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry, ${A}_{\mathrm{FB}}$, in $b\overline{b}$ pairs produced in proton-antiproton collisions and identified by muons from semileptonic $b$-hadron decays. The event sample is collected at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ with the CDF II detector and corresponds to $6.9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity. We obtain an integrated asymmetry of ${A}_{\mathrm{FB}}(b\overline{b})=(1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7)%$ at the particle level for $b$-quark pairs with invariant mass, ${m}_{b\overline{b}}$, down to $40\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ and measure the dependence of ${A}_{\mathrm{FB}}(b\overline{b})$ on ${m}_{b\overline{b}}$. The results are compatible with expectations from the standard model.

We measure the polarization of W bosons from top-quark (t) decays into final states with a charged lepton and jets, tt --> WbWb --> lvbqqb, using the full Run II data set collected by the CDF II detector. A model-independent method simultaneously determines the fraction of longitudinal (f_0) and right-handed (f_+) W bosons to yield f_0 = 0.726 +/- 0.066 (stat) +/- 0.067 (syst) and f_+ = -0.045 +/- 0.044 (stat) +/- 0.058 (syst) with a correlation coefficient of -0.69. Additional results are presented under various standard model assumptions. No significant discrepencies with the standard model are observed.

The first stage of the ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) is an ATCA-based input interface system, where hits from the entire silicon tracker are clustered and organized into overlapping η-ϕ trigger towers before being sent to the tracking engines. First, FTK Input Mezzanine cards receive hit data and perform clustering to reduce data volume. Then, the ATCA-based Data Formatter system will organize the trigger tower data, sharing data among boards over full mesh backplanes and optic fibers. The board and system level design concepts and implementation details, as well as the operation experiences from the FTK full-chain testing, will be presented.

A search for particles with the same mass and couplings as those of the standard model Higgs boson but different spin and parity quantum numbers is presented. We test two specific alternative Higgs boson hypotheses: a pseudoscalar Higgs boson with spin-parity J^{P}=0^{-} and a gravitonlike Higgs boson with J^{P}=2^{+}, assuming for both a mass of 125 GeV/c^{2}. We search for these exotic states produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into a bottom-antibottom quark pair. The vector boson is reconstructed through its decay into an electron or muon pair, or an electron or muon and a neutrino, or it is inferred from an imbalance in total transverse momentum. We use expected kinematic differences between events containing exotic Higgs bosons and those containing standard model Higgs bosons. The data were collected by the CDF experiment at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, operating at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb^{-1}. We exclude deviations from the predictions of the standard model with a Higgs boson of mass 125 GeV/c^{2} at the level of 5 standard deviations, assuming signal strengths for exotic boson production equal to the prediction for the standard model Higgs boson, and set upper limits of approximately 30% relative to the standard model rate on the possible rate of production of each exotic state.

The Collider Detector at Fermilab collected a unique sample of jets originating from bottom-quark fragmentation ($b$-jets) by selecting online proton-antiproton ($p\overline{p}$) collisions with a vertex displaced from the $p\overline{p}$ interaction point, consistent with the decay of a bottom-quark hadron. This data set, collected at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, is used to measure the $Z$-boson production cross section times branching ratio into $b\overline{b}$. The number of $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ events is determined by fitting the dijet-mass distribution, while constraining the dominant $b$-jet background, originating from QCD multijet events, with data. The result, $\ensuremath{\sigma}(p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Z)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b})=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14(\mathrm{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$, is the most precise measurement of this process, and is consistent with the standard-model prediction. The data set is also used to search for Higgs-boson production. No significant signal is expected in our data and the first upper limit on the cross section for the inclusive $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ process at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ is set, corresponding to 33 times the expected standard-model cross section, or $\ensuremath{\sigma}=40.6\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$, at the 95% confidence level.

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton ($p\overline{p}$) collider, high-mass electron-neutrino ($e\ensuremath{\nu}$) pairs are produced predominantly in the process $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}W(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\nu})+X$. The asymmetry of the electron and positron yield as a function of their pseudorapidity constrain the slope of the ratio of the $u$- to $d$-quark parton distributions versus the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the quarks. This paper reports on the measurement of the electron-charge asymmetry using the full data set recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 2001--2011 and corresponding to $9.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity. The measurement significantly improves the precision of the Tevatron constraints on the parton-distribution functions of the proton. Numerical tables of the measurement are provided.

In the frame of the strong on-going data analysis effort of the CDF collaboration at Fermilab, a method was developed by the candidate to improve the background rejection efficiency in the search for associated pair production of electroweak W, Z bosons. The performaces of the method for vetoing the tt background in a WZ/ZZ → fνq$\bar{q}$ diboson search are reported. The method was developed in the inclusive 2-jets sample and applied to the “tag-2 jets" region, the subsample defined by the request that the two jets carry beauty flavor. In this region the tt production is one of the largest backgrounds. The tt veto proceeds in two steps: first, a set of pre-selection cuts are applied in a candidate sample where up to two leptons are accepted in addition to a jet pair, and the ZZ component of the signal is thus preserved; next, a Neural Network is trained to indicate the probability that the event be top-pair production. To validate the the method as developed in the inclusive 2-jets sample, it is applied to veto region providing a significant rejection of this important background.

Testing the Standard Model (SM) and looking for new phenomena have been the focus of generations of particle physicists in the last decades. Following this spirit, this thesis presents two searches. The first is the search for single top quark production from the exchange of an s-channel virtual W boson using events with an imbalance in the total transverse energy, b-tagged jets, and no identified leptons. Assuming the electroweak production of top quarks of mass 172.5 GeV/c2 in the s-channel, a cross section of 1.12+0.61 -0.57 (stat+syst) pb, with a significance of 1.9 standard deviations, is measured. This measurement is combined with the result obtained from events with an imbalance in total transverse momentum, b-tagged jets, and exactly one identified lepton, yielding a cross section of 1.36+0.37 -0.322 (stat+syst) pb, with a significance of 4.2 standard deviations. The first observation of single-top-quark production in the s channel through the combination of the CDF and D0 measurements is also reported. The measured cross section is σs = 1.29+0.26 -0.244 pb. The probability of observing a statistical fluctuation of the background to a cross section of the observed size or larger is 1.8 10-10, corresponding to a significance of 6.3 standard deviation. The second is the search for W'-like resonances decaying to tb. No significant excess above the SM prediction is found. Using a benchmark W' → tb left-right symmetric model, 95% C.L. mass-dependent upper limits are placed on the W0 boson production cross section times branching ratio to tb. Assuming a W' boson with SM-like couplings and allowed (forbidden) decay to leptons, W' → tb is excluded with 95% C.L. for W' boson masses below 860 (880) GeV/c2. Relaxing the hypothesis on SM-like couplings, we exclude W' boson coupling strength values as a function of the W' boson mass above 10% of the SM coupling strength for MW' = 300 GeV/c2. The constraints obtained with the present analysis are the most stringent for charged resonance masses below 570 GeV/c2 decaying to a top and a bottom quark.

We present an analysis of top-antitop quark production and decay into a tau lepton, tau neutrino, and bottom quark using data from $9 {\rm fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity at the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Dilepton events, where one lepton is an energetic electron or muon and the other a hadronically-decaying tau lepton, originating from proton-antiproton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$ are used. A top-antitop quark production cross section of $8.1 \pm 2.1 {\rm pb}$ is measured, assuming standard-model top-quark decays. By separately identifying for the first time the single-tau and the ditau components, we measure the branching fraction of the top quark into tau lepton, tau neutrino, and bottom quark to be $(9.6 \pm 2.8) %$. The branching fraction of top-quark decays into a charged Higgs boson and a bottom quark, which would imply violation of lepton universality, is limited to be less than $5.9%$ at $95%$ confidence level.

We report a measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry, $A_{FB}$, in $b\bar{b}$ pairs produced in proton-antiproton collisions and identified by muons from semileptonic $b$-hadron decays. The event sample was collected at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV with the CDF II detector and corresponds to 6.9 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. We obtain an integrated asymmetry of $A_{FB}(b\bar{b})=(1.2 \pm 0.7)$\% at the particle level for $b$-quark pairs with invariant mass, $m_{b\bar{b}}$, down to $40$ GeV/$c^2$ and measure the dependence of $A_{FB}(b\bar{b})$ on $m_{b\bar{b}}$. The results are compatible with expectations from the standard model.

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton (pp¯) collider, Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process pp¯→e+e−+X through an intermediate γ∗/Z boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the e− as a function of the e+e−-pair mass is used to obtain sin2θlepteff, the effective leptonic determination of the electroweak-mixing parameter sin2θW. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to 9.4  fb−1 of integrated luminosity from pp¯ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of sin2θlepteff is found to be 0.23248±0.00053. The combination with the previous CDF measurement based on μ+μ− pairs yields sin2θlepteff=0.23221±0.00046. This result, when interpreted within the specified context of the standard model assuming sin2θW=1−M2W/M2Z and that the W- and Z-boson masses are on-shell, yields sin2θW=0.22400±0.00045, or equivalently a W-boson mass of 80.328±0.024  GeV/c2.