Mariana Araújo

While non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) foresees a variety of elementary quarkonium production mechanisms naturally leading to state-dependent kinematic patterns, the LHC cross sections and polarization measurements reveal a remarkably simple production scenario, independent of the quantum numbers and masses of the quarkonia. Surprisingly, NRQCD is able to accommodate the observed universal scenario, through a series of conspiring cancellations smoothing out its otherwise variegated hierarchy of mechanisms. This seemingly unnatural solution implies that the $\chi_{c1}$ and $\chi_{c2}$ polarizations, not yet measured, are strong and opposite, representing the only potential exception to a remarkably simple picture of quarkonium production. The observation of a large difference between $\chi_{c2}$ and $\chi_{c1}$ polarizations, which cannot be indirectly extracted from existing measurements because they mutually cancel each other in their contribution to the observed J/$\psi$ production, would be a smoking gun signal finally proving the multifaceted but mysteriously elusive structure of NRQCD. On the other hand, the measurement of two similar, small polarizations will urge improved P-wave calculations, if not a substantial revision of the NRQCD hierarchies.

A global analysis of ATLAS and CMS measurements reveals that, at mid-rapidity, the directly-produced $\chi_{c1}$, $\chi_{c2}$ and J/$\psi$ mesons have differential cross sections of seemingly identical shapes, when presented as a function of the mass-rescaled transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}/M$. This identity of kinematic behaviours among S- and P-wave quarkonia is certainly not a natural expectation of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD), where each quarkonium state is supposed to reflect a specific family of elementary production processes, of significantly different $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections. Remarkably, accurate kinematic cancellations among the variegated NRQCD terms (colour singlets and octets) of its factorization expansion can lead to a surprisingly good description of the data. This peculiar tuning of the NRQCD mixtures leads to a clear prediction regarding the $\chi_{c1}$ and $\chi_{c2}$ polarizations, the only observables not yet measured: they should be almost maximally different from one another, and from the J/$\psi$ polarization, a striking exception in the global panorama of quarkonium production. Measurements of the difference between the $\chi_{c1}$, $\chi_{c2}$ and J/$\psi$ polarizations, complementing the observed identity of momentum dependences, represent a decisive probe of NRQCD.

Dimensional analysis reveals general kinematic scaling rules for the momentum, mass, and energy dependence of Drell–Yan and quarkonium cross sections. Their application to mid-rapidity LHC data provides strong experimental evidence supporting the validity of the factorization ansatz, a cornerstone of non-relativistic QCD, still lacking theoretical demonstration. Moreover, data-driven patterns emerge for the factorizable long-distance bound-state formation effects, including a remarkable correlation between the S-wave quarkonium cross sections and their binding energies. Assuming that this scaling can be extended to the P-wave case, we obtain precise predictions for the not yet measured feed-down fractions, thereby providing a complete picture of the charmonium and bottomonium feed-down structure. This is crucial information for quantitative interpretations of quarkonium production data, including studies of the suppression patterns measured in nucleus-nucleus collisions.

The processes related to slaughterhouses demand a high volume of water, especially to meet the standards of sanitary legislation, and consequently generate a large volume of effluents, with a high load of organic matter and pollutants, which require specific treatment.One of the methods used in the treatment of these effluents is the coagulationflocculation process, which generates a new residue at the end of the treatment, the sludge, which needs an adequate destination.Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the energy potential of the sludge generated in the physical-chemical treatment of effluent from a bovine slaughterhouse using different coagulants.The effluent used was collected from a slaughterhouse located in the Northwest region of Paraná and sent to the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Analysis of UFPR -Palotina Sector for characterization.Coagulation/flocculation assays were performed with five coagulants: ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, tannin SG, tannin SH and Acquapol S5T, at five different concentrations: 150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 mg L -1 .After the coagulation/flocculation treatment, the generated sludge was subjected to a drying process in an oven for further quantification.Then, the dry sludge was macerated with the aid of a mortar and pestle to homogenize the samples, which were stored in plastic bottles for later analysis of the energy potential.For immediate analysis, all coagulants produced materials with high volatile content (75 -91%) in relation to fixed carbon (2 -12%) and ash (5 -12%) contents.For PCS, the coagulant that presented the highest value was tannin SG 600 mg L -1 , with 31.69MJ/g.With regard to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), lamellar particles of different sizes were observed in the images.Due to the high content of volatile materials, high calorific value, and due to the low ash content, it appears that the slaughterhouse sludge in the present study has a high energy potential.

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A global analysis of ATLAS and CMS measurements reveals that, at mid-rapidity, the directly-produced $\chi_{c1}$, $\chi_{c2}$ and J/$\psi$ mesons have differential cross sections of seemingly identical shapes, when presented as a function of the mass-rescaled transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}/M$. This identity of kinematic behaviours among S- and P-wave quarkonia is certainly not a natural expectation of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD), where each quarkonium state is supposed to reflect a specific family of elementary production processes, of significantly different $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections. Remarkably, accurate kinematic cancellations among the variegated NRQCD terms (colour singlets and octets) of its factorization expansion can lead to a surprisingly good description of the data. This peculiar tuning of the NRQCD mixtures leads to a clear prediction regarding the $\chi_{c1}$ and $\chi_{c2}$ polarizations, the only observables not yet measured: they should be almost maximally different from one another, and from the J/$\psi$ polarization, a striking exception in the global panorama of quarkonium production. Measurements of the difference between the $\chi_{c1}$, $\chi_{c2}$ and J/$\psi$ polarizations, complementing the observed identity of momentum dependences, represent a decisive probe of NRQCD.

This study analyzes the managers’ (Chief Financial Officer (CFO)) perception of impact of implementation of internal controls. It investigates the causes of adoption in the multidimensionality of internal control of the Brazilian companies traded in the New York Stock market. A survey sent to the CFOs of the 70 companies listed in the NYSE collected empirical data from these companies. The final response rate was 15.16 %. The study uses partial least squares modeling for statistical analysis to test the research question. Our empirical evidence supports the hypotheses that “the greater the level of multidimensionality of controls in an organization the lower the level of causal effects and damage to the control environment. Based on work performed, one is able to infer that overall, there is a significant relationship between causal effects on operating activities, financial reporting and compliance in relation to the multidimensionality of internal controls, thus, when there are uncommon features, depending on the level of multidimensionality special attention should be paid to the causes of adoption of controls to track risks posed to business.

O uso de nanotecnologia tem crescido a nivel academico e industrial no setor de ciencia de alimentos, com diversas aplicacoes em diferentes etapas da cadeia produtiva. Na agricultura tem sido relatado o uso de nanotecnologia no preparo de solos, na tecnologia de fertilizantes e no melhoramento de especies, na producao industrial, as principais aplicacoes envolvem a adicao de substâncias de interesse — para melhoramento sensorial, tecnologico e nutraceutico, e o aprimoramento e desenvolvimento de embalagens inteligentes. Os estudos envolvendo o uso da nanotecnologia tem apresentado resultados promissores na modificacao de alimentos e embalagens, todavia, a legislacao brasileira ainda e pouco clara a respeito de produtos alimenticios nanotecnologos e seus efeitos sobre a saude humana. Desta forma, apesar de se observar no Brasil o aumento da quantidade e da qualidade dos estudos envolvendo a nanotecnologia, a ausencia de uma legislacao robusta que regulamente de forma segura a aplicacao de nanocompositos impacta negativamente a chegada destes produtos ao mercado nacional.