Kun Shi

Sutures, staples, clips and skin closure strips are used as the gold standard to close wounds after an injury. In spite of being the present standard of care, the utilization of these conventional methods is precarious amid complicated and sensitive surgeries such as vascular anastomosis, ocular surgeries, nerve repair, or due to the high-risk components included. Tissue adhesives function as an interface to connect the surfaces of wound edges and prevent them from separation. They are fluid or semi-fluid mixtures that can be easily used to seal any wound of any morphology - uniform or irregular. As such, they provide alternatives to new and novel platforms for wound closure methods. In this review, we offer a background on the improvement of distinctive tissue adhesives focusing on the chemistry of some of these products that have been a commercial success from the clinical application perspective. This review is aimed to provide a guide toward innovation of tissue bioadhesive materials and their associated biomedical applications.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition that is a leading cause of disability worldwide. There are currently no disease-modifying treatments for osteoarthritis, which is associated with multiple kinds of inflammatory cytokines produced by M1 macrophages in the synovium of the joint. Despite recent therapeutic advancements with anti-cytokine biologics, the OA therapy response rate continues to be inadequate. To treat OA, the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses of synoviocytes and macrophages must be controlled simultaneously. Therefore, the immune regulation capabilities of an ideal nano-drug should not only minimize pro-inflammatory responses but also effectively boost anti-inflammatory responses. In this paper, an M2H@RPK nanotherapeutic system was developed, KAFAK and shRNA-LEPR were condensed with polyethylenimine (PEI) to form a complex, which was then modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) to negatively charge to cover the M2 membrane. It was discovered that the repolarization of macrophages from the M1 to the M2 phenotype lowered pro-inflammatory responses while enhancing anti-inflammatory responses in macrophages and synoviocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that M2H@RPK dramatically decreases proinflammatory cytokines, controls synovial inflammation, and provides significant therapeutic efficacy by reducing joint damage. Overall, it has been demonstrated that M2H@RPK provides inflammation-targeted therapy by macrophage repolarization, and it represents a promising OA therapeutic strategy.

Dynamic path planning for mobile robots is an urgent issue that needs to be solved because of the growing use of mobile robots in daily life and industrial operations. This work focuses on avoiding moving obstacles in dynamic situations. The computational effort required by some current algorithms makes them difficult to utilize for path planning in dynamic situations whilst the computational effort required by other methods makes them simple yet prone to local minima. In this paper, an improved simulated annealing (SA) algorithm for dynamic path planning is proposed. To reduce its computational effort, the initial path selection method and deletion operation are introduced. Simulation results show the improved SA algorithm outperforms other algorithms and provides optimal solutions in static and dynamic environments.

Flexible perovskite solar cell (PSC) using plastic substrate is one of the most focal points in the studies of thin-film solar cells. Low-temperature preparation of suitable electron selective layer (ESL) is the key issue in the fabrication of flexible PSCs. In this work, amorphous niobium-modified tungsten oxide W(Nb)Ox was prepared as ESL for efficient flexible PSC. Modification using Nb5+ improved the electron transport of WOx-based ESL by enhancing donor density, reducing interfacial depletion width, and minimizing trap states in the ESL. Consequently, photovoltaic performance of the simple planar flexible PSCs was improved, and high PCEs of 15.65% and 13.14% were obtained when ESLs were fabricated at 120 °C and room temperature, respectively. In addition, the effect of ESL thickness on the hysteresis behavior of PSCs was carefully analyzed. A capacitance CE across the ESL in the ITO/ESL/perovskite structure was proposed. This capacitance could well indicate the effect of ESL thickness on hysteresis behavior. The proposed modification strategy and mechanism is expected to facilitate the development of novel and advanced functional materials.

Sweet potato is a typical "potassium (K)-favoring" food crop and strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Recent studies show the importance of K and AMF to morphology optimization and nutrient uptake regulation of sweet potato; meanwhile, the interaction exists between K and K use efficiency (KIUE) in sweet potato. To date, only a few studies have shown that AMF can improve plant K nutrition, and whether the benefits conferred by AMF on plant are related to K remains unclear. In this study, low-KIUE genotype "N1" and high-KIUE genotype "Xu28" were used as experimental sweet potato; Funneliformis mosseae (FM) and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE) were used as experimental AMF. In a pot experiment, plants "N1" and "Xu28" were inoculated with FM or CE, and applied with or without K fertilizer to uncover the effects of K application and AMF inoculation on the root morphology and nutrient absorption of sweet potato during their growing period. Results demonstrated that AMF inoculation-improved root morphology of sweet potato highly relied on K application. With K application, AMF inoculation significantly increased root tip number of "N1" in the swelling stage and optimized multiple root morphological indexes (total root length, root surface area, root volume, root diameter, root branch number, and root tip number) of "Xu28" and CE had the best optimization effect on the root morphology of "Xu28". In addition, CE inoculation significantly promoted root dry matter accumulation of "Xu28" in the swelling and harvesting stages, coordinated aerial part and root growth of "Xu28", reduced the dry matter to leaf and petiole, and was beneficial to dry matter allocation to the root under conditions of K supply. Another promising finding was that CE inoculation could limit K allocation to the aboveground and promote root K accumulation of "Xu28" under the condition with K application. The above results lead to the conclusion that K and CE displayed a synergistic effect on root development and K acquisition of high-KIUE "Xu28". This study could provide a theoretical basis for more scientific application of AMF in sweet potato cultivation and will help further clarify the outcomes of plant-K-AMF interactions.

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in clinics as preferred materials for bone tissue repair and replacement. However, the lack of biological activity of Ti limits its clinical applications. Surface modification of Ti with bioactive elements has always been a research hotspot. In this study, to promote the osseointegration of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) implants, calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), and phosphorus (P) codoped multifunctional micro–nanohybrid coatings were prepared on a three-dimensional (3D) printed porous Ti64 surface by microarc oxidation (MAO) and a hydrothermal method (HT). The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, and surface/cell interactions of the obtained coatings were studied. In vitro experiments indicated that all hybrid coating-modified Ti64 implants could enhance protein adsorption and MC3T3 osteoblasts’ activity, adhesion, and differentiation ability. In vivo experiments showed that the hybrid coating promoted early osseointegration. By comparison, microarc oxidation-treated Ti64 (M-Ti) has the best biological activity and the strongest ability of osseointegration. It provides important theoretical significance and potential application prospects for improving the biological activity of Ti implants.

Postoperative pain is a major concern for most of the surgical patients, and an inadequate postoperative pain control may cause a series of complications. With an effective pain control and lesser side effects, local anesthetics are preferred for use in postoperative pain management. However, the action duration of current local anesthetics is too short to meet the requirements of postoperative analgesia. In this study, an injectable levobupivacaine (LB)-loaded thermo-sensitive hydrogel system based on biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide) (PLEL) was developed for long-acting local anesthetic, in which the soluble charged cation form of LB (LB HCl) was partly alkalified to the poorly soluble base form (LB base). This hybrid LB loaded PLEL system (hLB/PLEL) is a free flowable liquid at room temperature and changes into a semi-solid hydrogel once injection in response to the physiological temperature. Then, the dissolved LB HCl could release firstly from the hydrogel contributing to a quick work, and the insoluble LB base dissolved and released gradually as the decrease of the pH during the biodegradation of PLEL hydrogel, resulting in a long-term LB release in local. The drug release behavior, pharmacokinetic, and biocompatibility of the thermo-sensitive hLB/PLEL were studied in vitro and in vivo. The anesthetic effects of hLB/PLEL system were evaluated in the rat models of sciatic nerve block, subcutaneous infiltration anesthesia and postoperative pain as well. This hLB/PLEL system generated a significantly prolonged analgesic effect in rat models, which produced approximately 7 times longer duration than 0.75% LB HCl and effectively relieved the spontaneous pain for 3 days. In general, the presented hLB/PLEL system can not only achieve a fast-acting but also sustainably release LB to block the nerve and significantly extend the effect of local analgesia, which means a promising candidate for long-acting postoperative pain management.

Medical Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a multimodal task to answer clinical questions about medical images. Existing methods have achieved good performance, but most medical VQA models focus on visual contents while ignoring the influence of textual contents. To address this issue, this paper proposes an Attention-based Multimodal Alignment Model (AMAM) for medical VQA, aiming for an alignment of text-based and image-based attention to enrich the textual features. First, we develop an Image-to-Question (I2Q) attention and a Word-to-Question (W2Q) attention to model the relations of both visual and textual contents to the question. Second, we design a composite loss composed of a classification loss and an Image–Question Complementary (IQC) loss. The IQC loss concentrates on aligning the importance of the questions learned from visual and textual features to emphasize meaningful words in questions and improve the quality of predicted answers. Benefiting from the attention mechanisms and the composite loss, AMAM obtains rich semantic textual information and accurate answers. Finally, due to some data errors and missing labels on the VQA-RAD dataset, we further constructed an enhanced dataset, VQA-RADPh, to raise data quality. Experimental results on public datasets show better performance of AMAM compared with the advanced methods. Our source code is available at: https://github.com/shuning-ai/AMAM/tree/master.

Household waste recycling has been widely considered the key to reducing the pollution caused by municipal solid waste and promoting sustainable development. This article aims to clarify the status and map the research trends in the field of household waste recycling. Bibliometric analysis is performed using bibliometrix based on publications during 1991–2020 in the Web of Science database. Results show that academic output in this field is growing rapidly. The top contributing authors, countries, institutions, and journals are identified. Collaboration network of authors, institutions, and countries are created and visualized. The most influential and cited articles in this field mainly focus on factors influencing residents’ recycling behavior from the perspectives of sociopsychology and economics. The theory of planned behavior is the most widely used psychological model. Other research hotspots include electronic waste, source separation, life cycle assessment, sustainability, organic waste, and circular economy. Studies on household waste recycling have become more and more comprehensive and interdisciplinary with the evolution of research themes.

Gait recognition is widely used in diversified practical applications. Currently, the most prevalent approach is to recognize human gait from RGB images, owing to the progress of computer vision technologies. Nevertheless, the perception capability of RGB cameras deteriorates in rough circumstances, and visual surveillance may cause privacy invasion. Due to the robustness and non-invasive feature of millimeter wave (mmWave) radar, radar-based gait recognition has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this research, we propose a Hierarchical Dynamic Network (HDNet) for gait recognition using mmWave radar. In order to explore more dynamic information, we propose point flow as a novel point clouds descriptor. We also devise a dynamic frame sampling module to promote the efficiency of computation without deteriorating performance noticeably. To prove the superiority of our methods, we perform extensive experiments on two public mmWave radar-based gait recognition datasets, and the results demonstrate that our model is superior to existing state-of-the-art methods.

Abstract To estimate the service life of the reactor internals made of 2.25Cr–1Mo steel in the high temperature gas-cooled reactor pebble-bed module demonstration plant, creep rupture test was performed on the simulated post weld heat treated steel at 773 K over a range of stress levels 300–200 MPa. It has been shown that the rupture time is 126–5532 h, correspondingly. Then, the service life under stress of 161.2 MPa at 648 K was calculated to be so long as 210,374,853 h (≈24,015 years). Four types of carbides M 3 C, M 2 C, M 7 C 3 and M 23 C 6 existed in both the steel plate and the post-rupture specimens. As the rupture time increases, the weight percentages of M 23 C 6 and M 2 C that are stable in thermodynamics in the post-rupture specimens increase while those of metastable M 3 C and M 7 C 3 decrease on the whole. During the long term creep exposure, the deformation promotes the precipitation of M 3 C, M 2 C and M 23 C 6 , according to the experimental results with the deformed and undeformed parts of the post-rupture specimens, but its influence on the weight percentage of M 7 C 3 seems rather complicated.

The aim of the project was to assemble two optimum solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations for oral delivery of loperamide (LPM) to treat different types of diarrhea, and to evaluate their release profiles in vitro and pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. In this work, glyceryl trimyristate (Dynasan 114) nanoparticles containing the drug LPM and sodium cholate as a stabilizer were prepared using a modified solvent evaporation technique. Two LPM-loaded SLNs, namely LPM-SLN-1 (LPM-SLN with a high ratio rate of lipid to drug) and LPM-SLN-2 (LPM-SLN with a low ratio rate of lipid to drug), were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. A change in the lipid concentration affects the characteristics of LPM-SLNs. The average sizes of the LPM-SLNs were 303 ± 18 nm and 519 ± 36 nm, separately, as analyzed by dynamic light scattering. The LPM-SLNs were found to be round with a smooth surface, as observed using a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The average encapsulation efficiencies were 87 ± 3.78% w/w and 84 ± 5.17%, accordingly. In the in vitro release experiments, LPM-SLNs showed a continuous release profile of LPM without any burst release. The oral bioavailability of LPM-SLNs was analyzed using Wistar rats. The relative bioavailabilities of LPM-SLNs were 227 and 153%, respectively, as compared that of the LPM tablet. There was no difference in the Tmax between LPM-SLN-2 and the LPM tablet. In conclusion, LPM-SLN-1 significantly improved the oral bioavailability of LPM, while LPM-SLN-2 having the same swift action as the LPM tablet. These results demonstrate the potential of LPM-SLNs in the oral delivery of LPM to treat different types of diarrhea.

The miRNA plays a key role in the biological process and it has close relationship with disease. The wet experiment to test the association between miRNA and disease is time-consuming and costly, so semi-supervised learning based computational methods have been proposed to predict potential miRNAs associated with disease. However, these methods cannot fully utilize the local structure and global structure information of miRNA-disease association data, and the prediction performance can be improved further. In this work, we propose a novel approach for miRNA-disease association prediction by using multi-layer linear projection (MLPMDA). Firstly, we use the top n neighbors of miRNA and disease to update miRNA-disease association matrix, respectively, to employ the local structure and reduce the sparsity effect. Secondly, we define a computing layer to which a heterogeneous matrix composing of the updated association matrix and integrated miRNA similarity and integrated disease similarity is fed, and output predicted scores for miRNA-disease associations by linear projection method. Thirdly, we design multiple computing layers where the heterogeneous matrix input for the current layer is constructed based on the predicted miRNA-disease association scores from the last layer. Finally, we capture possible missing miRNA-disease associations by integrating prediction scores from each single view. We obtain AUC values 0.9847, 0.9883, 0.9899 for one dataset under 2-fold, 5-fold and 10-fold cross-validations, respectively, and their corresponding AUPR values are 0.7777, 0.7806 and 0.7518, which outperforms seven state-of-the-art methods. At last, we predict the potential miRNAs associated with three diseases, most of which are verified with some evidence.

Numerous studies indicate that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is aberrantly expressed in ovarian cancer (OC). Our research investigated the regulatory role of lncRNA KTN1 antisense RNA1 (KTN1-AS1) in the progression of OC through the miR-505-3p/ZNF326 axis.Expression of KTN1-AS1, microRNA-505-3p (miR-505-3p), and zinc-finger protein-326 (ZNF326) in OC was evaluated by using RT-qPCR analysis. The biological function of KTN1-AS1 was inspected using the loss-of-function assay. Luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to determine the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of KTN1-AS1/miR-505-3p/ZNF326.The data showed that KTN1-AS1 and ZNF326 had a high expression in OC than in the normal tissue, and miR-505-3p exhibited a low expression in OC than in the normal tissue. The knockdown of KTN1-AS1 caused an inhibition in OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. In terms of mechanical exploration, KTN1-AS1 was transcriptionally activated by histone H3 on lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at the promoter region, and KTN1-AS1 increased ZNF326 expression by competitively adsorbing miR-505-3p.This study indicated that H3K27ac-induced lncRNA KTN1-AS1 expression, and facilitated proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells by the KTN1-AS1/miR-505-3p/ZNF326 axis.

Polydisperse gas-solid flows, which is notoriously difficult to model due to the complex gas-particle and particle-particle interactions, are widely encountered in industry. In this article, a refined kinetic theory for polydisperse flow is developed, which features single-parameter Chapman-Enskog expansion (the Knudsen number) and exact calculation of the integrations related to pair distribution function of particle velocity without any mathematical approximations. The Navier-Stokes order constitutive relations for multifluid modeling of polydisperse gas-solid flow are then obtained analytically, including the solid stress tensor, the solid-solid drag force, the granular heat flux and the energy dissipation rate. Finally, the model is preliminarily validated by comparing to the discrete element simulation data of one-dimensional granular shear flow and by showing that the hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-solid flows in a bubbling fluidized bed containing bidisperse particles can be successfully predicted.

Carbon-based materials with transition metal modifications are the dominant materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but the synthesis in a simple and efficient way is still a great challenge. Herein, multicore-shell structure CuxCoy-Fe alloy nitrogen doped mesoporous hollow carbon nanotubes (N-MHCNT/CuxCoy[email protected]) were designed and synthesized by a facile and environment-friendly method. In the process of pyrolysis, polypyrrole serving as the substrate to form N-doped hollow carbon nanotubes and the polydopamine (PDA) acts as the carbon and nitrogen source to form a shell structure. Additionally, the cubic CuxCoy-Fe MOFs synthesized at room temperature collapses to form multiple alloy cores. Notably, the mesoporous structure of N-MHCNT/CuxCoy[email protected] enhances the mass transfer process, while the carbon shell protects the metal active sites. Moreover, mesoporous hollow carbon, rich M-Nx (M=Cu, Co, Fe) active sites, the synergistic effects between N-MHCNTs, CuxCoy-Fe alloys and multiple core-shell structures allowed N-MHCNT/Cu2Co1[email protected] exhibited high activity and long-term durability in ORR. Besides, the RRDE tests confirms the reaction kinetics of N-MHCNT/Cu2Co1[email protected] as a mainly 4-electron reaction with an electron transfer number of 3.78 (Pt/C is 3.86) and a low hydrogen peroxide yield of 16%. This work provides a new strategy for the development of non-precious metal ORR catalysts by rational structural design and metal ratio adjustment.

In the present study, we examined the link between the sense of work gain and team creativity and explored the mediating and moderating roles of Leader-member exchange (LMX) and work smoothness on it. The results of this study A moderated mediation model was constructed based on 484 valid samples from an on-line survey of a human resource company, revealed that the sense of work gain can positively predict team creativity, and LMX mediates the associations of the sense of work gain and team creativity. Moreover, work smoothness emerged as a significant moderator can moderate the associations between sense of work gain and team creativity, as well as moderating the relationship between LMX and team creativity. The findings provide a theoretical guidance for leaders and HR professionals who want to increase employee initiative and motivation.

Vertically arranged carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays have good flexibility, elasticity, and thermal conductivity. As a new type of thermal interface materials (TIMs), it is increasingly used in heat conduction applications. The thermal conductivity of CNT arrays is an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional silicone oil and solid-state interface composites. However, their thermal properties are susceptible to the ambient temperature and internal structural parameters, and the underlying influence mechanism remains unclear. This lack of understanding hinders the design and application of CNT arrays in practical settings. Therefore, a secondary segmentation method was proposed to establish the structural model of CNT microcolumn arrays. Then, the thermal properties of the array material were simulated, and the influence of different environmental temperatures and structural parameters on thermal properties were analyzed. Simultaneously, the dynamic thermal conductivity of the CNT array was explored by thermal cyclic loading. Simulation results indicate that the increase of structural parameters have a positive effect on the thermal conductivity of the array at different ambient temperatures, but the low temperature environment is more conducive to the improvement. Furthermore, the influence of different array densities predicted by the model on thermal properties is consistent with the corresponding experimental results, which illustrates the feasibility of the segmentation method of the model and provides a new theoretical method for studying the thermal properties of CNT arrays.

The social force model has been widely used in pedestrian flow studies, but its limitations are also clear. Especially at high densities, it cannot simulate the lane formation in bi-directional flow. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, we propose a new modified social force model. The values of many parameters are reset by sensitivity analysis. In particular, we introduce a new parameter named deflection distance, which becomes a great help for modeling. Based on the video data collected from four large-scale experiments, the validity and robustness of our model are verified. The simulation results in the ring road show that the proposed model can describe the bi-directional movement well: the lane formation can be successful even when the density is as high as 9 ped/m2, and the fundamental diagrams after lane formation can be quantitatively similar to that reported in the experiments. In addition, the simulation results in the straight corridor also help to validate our model.

When using pulsed laser to remove a thick paint layer from a 2024 aluminum alloy substrate, the paint layer should be removed layer by layer, and the substrate should remain intact after the paint layer is completely removed. In this process, the formation of a rough surface on the paint increases laser absorption, changing the removal mechanism, which becomes an unstable factor for nondestructive paint removal. This study investigated the laser paint removal mechanism of fluorocarbon paint and found that when the laser fluence was 0.91 J/cm2, the main removal mechanisms were thermal stress and combustion-decomposition removal, while at 94.36 J/cm2, the main mechanism was sputtering removal. The study also investigated the relationship between surface roughness and the number of laser scans, which showed a positive linear correlation. Additionally, an equivalent model of a rough surface was established to analyze the changes in absorption, though this model has yet to be verified and further research and validation is required to confirm our findings.

The Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) has announced a project to design a 14 T MRI magnet with a 900 mm warm bore and comprised of Nb3Sn Rutherford cables, the homogeneity of the magnetic field is better than 0.5 ppm in a 22 cm diameter spherical volume. This paper presents three design schemes for 14 T MRI magnets based on manufacturing technology perspective, which are layered solenoid design, multi-coil design and multi-coil layered design, and compares them from the aspects of mechanical design, inductance and total conductor usage to obtain the optimal scheme.

Abstract Background Episodic memory loss is a prominent clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is closely related to tau pathology and hippocampal impairment. Due to the heterogeneity of brain neurons, the specific roles of different brain neurons in terms of their sensitivity to tau accumulation and their contribution to AD-like social memory loss remain unclear. Therefore, further investigation is necessary. Methods We investigated the effects of AD-like tau pathology by Tandem mass tag proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis, social behavioural tests, hippocampal electrophysiology, immunofluorescence staining and in vivo optical fibre recording of GCaMP6f and iGABASnFR. Additionally, we utilized optogenetics and administered ursolic acid (UA) via oral gavage to examine the effects of these agents on social memory in mice. Results The results of proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses revealed the characteristics of ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) under both physiological conditions and AD-like tau pathology. As tau progressively accumulated, vCA1, especially its excitatory and parvalbumin (PV) neurons, were fully filled with mislocated and phosphorylated tau (p-Tau). This finding was not observed for dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1). The overexpression of human tau (hTau) in excitatory and PV neurons mimicked AD-like tau accumulation, significantly inhibited neuronal excitability and suppressed distinct discrimination-associated firings of these neurons within vCA1. Photoactivating excitatory and PV neurons in vCA1 at specific rhythms and time windows efficiently ameliorated tau-impaired social memory. Notably, 1 month of UA administration efficiently decreased tau accumulation via autophagy in a transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent manner and restored the vCA1 microcircuit to ameliorate tau-impaired social memory. Conclusion This study elucidated distinct protein and phosphoprotein networks between dCA1 and vCA1 and highlighted the susceptibility of the vCA1 microcircuit to AD-like tau accumulation. Notably, our novel findings regarding the efficacy of UA in reducing tau load and targeting the vCA1 microcircuit may provide a promising strategy for treating AD in the future.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dendrimers are emerging as promising candidates for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but it is still challenging to produce high-efficiency TADF dendrimer-based OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off. Herein, we propose three asymmetric TADF dendrimers, unveiling that the radiative decay and exciton upconversion avenues are susceptible to the regulation of peripheral dendrons for these asymmetric TADF dendrimers. Especially for the second-generation dendrimer of DMAC-BP-tBu3Cz, photoluminescence quantum yields can reach 94%, together with rate constant of reverse intersystem crossing of 1.3 × 106 s–1. Additionally, it exhibits an excellent electroluminescence properties with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.0%, and maintaining a value of 24.9% at 1000 cd m–2, which is the highest efficiency of TADF dendrimer-based OLED at such a high luminescence. Meanwhile, the hyper-fluorescence ternary OLEDs employing DMAC-BP-tBu3Cz as a TADF sensitizing dopant exhibit a boosted EQE value of 18.4% and greatly alleviative efficiency rolloff of only 4.9% with 17.5% EQE at 1000 cd m–2, accompanied by pure green emission with a full-width-at-half-maximum of 39 nm.

We fabricated the (Cu1-xAgx)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CAZTSSe) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) alloy thin films by a simple solution approach combined with a post-selenization technique, and investigated the influence of Ag contents on structure, morphology, band gap as well as electrical property of CZTSSe thin films. The results showed that Cu+ cation in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) films was replaced by Ag+ cation, forming homogeneous CAZTSSe (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) alloy thin films. The crystal structure and the band gap of CAZTSSe (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) alloy thin films are influenced by Ag/(Cu+Ag) ratios. The incorporation of Ag is found to accelerate the grain growth and increase the grain size. The optical band gap of CAZTSSe alloy thin films can be continuously tuned in the range of as Ag content from x = 0 to x = 0.15. Furthermore, Hall measurement results indicate that all CAZTSSe alloy thin films showed p-type conductivity and hole concentration decreased with the increasing the Ag contents.

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) films with smooth surface were prepared by solution approach and etched (etched-CZTSSe) through using KMnO4 in a H2SO4 based medium followed by Na2S. Two types of solar cells with conventional structure were fabricated with CZTSSe and etched-CZTSSe as absorber, respectively. It is demonstrated by XRD, XPS, EDS and Raman measurement that the bulk CZTSSe is of kesterite structure while its surface contains a small amount of Cu2ZnSn3Se8 and ZnSe secondary phases besides kesterite CZTSSe. On the surface, the Cu2ZnSn3Se8 is completely removed after etching while the ZnSe is partially. It is found that the elimination or reduction of the secondary phases increase the shunt resistance greatly, leading to a larger open-circuit voltage (Voc) which results in the improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the etched-CZTSSe-based solar cell. The PCE has a maximum increase of 26% by etching. An intensive study has been made for the influencing mechanism of etching on the PCE of solar cells.

In this study, the bone-like composite membrane based on blends of gelatin (Gel), nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was fabricated by solvent casting and evaporation methods. The effect of n-HA content and the ratio of Gel/PVA on the properties of the composite was investigated. The Gel/PVA and n-HA/Gel/PVA composite membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water contact angle measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the composites were determined by tensile tests. The as prepared composite membranes exhibited hydrophobility, the water contact angle of composite membrane was 126.6 when its mass ratio of n-HA/Gel/PVA was 10/50/40. The tensile strength of composite membranes was greatly increased due to the introduction of n-HA, and the tensile strength was increased to 74.92 MPa when the mass ratio of n-HA/Gel/PVA was 10/50/40. SEM observation indicated that n-HA was dispersed in the membranes and a sea-island structure was formed in the n-HA/Gel/PVA composite membranes, resulting in a significant increase in tensile strength. The as-prepared n-HA/Gel/PVA composite membranes may be applied in the field of bone tissue engineering.

Skin lesion segmentation is the first and indispensable step of malignant melanoma recognition and diagnosis. At present, most of the existing skin lesions segmentation techniques often used traditional methods like optimum thresholding, etc., and deep learning methods like U-net, etc. However, the edges of skin lesions in malignant melanoma images are gradually changed in color, and this change is nonlinear. The existing methods can not effectively distinguish banded edges between lesion areas and healthy skin areas well. Aiming at the uncertainty and fuzziness of banded edges, the neutrosophic set theory is used in this paper which is better than fuzzy theory to deal with banded edge segmentation. Therefore, we proposed a neutrosophy domain-based segmentation method that contains six steps. Firstly, an image is converted into three channels and the pixel matrix of each channel is obtained. Secondly, the pixel matrixes are converted into Neutrosophic Set domain by using the neutrosophic set conversion method to express the uncertainty and fuzziness of banded edges of malignant melanoma images. Thirdly, a new Neutrosophic Entropy model is proposed to combine the three memberships according to some rules by using the transformations in the neutrosophic space to comprehensively express three memberships and highlight the banded edges of the images. Fourthly, the feature augment method is established by the difference of three components. Fifthly, the dilation is used on the neutrosophic entropy matrixes to fill in the noise region. Finally, the image that is represented by transformed matrix is segmented by the Hierarchical Gaussian Mixture Model clustering method to obtain the banded edge of the image. Qualitative and quantitative experiments are performed on malignant melanoma image dataset to evaluate the performance of the NeDSeM method. Compared with some state-of-the-art methods, our method has achieved good results in terms of performance and accuracy.

This study aimed to explore the role of lncRNA RPPH1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of RPPH1 and miR-122 was determined by Real-time PCR. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays were employed to monitor cell growth in vitro. Wound healing and Transwell assays were applied to detect cell migration and invasion. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the interaction between RPPH1 and miR-122. The in vivo function of RPPH1 was illustrated by xenograft tumor models. The results showed that the expression of RPPH1 was markedly upregulated in human HCC specimens and cell lines compared to normal controls. However, the trend of miR-122 was the opposite. RPPH1 facilitates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells and synchronously suppresses cell apoptosis. The dual-luciferase assay confirmed the relationship between RPPH1 and miR-122. Rescue experiments showed that RPPH1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-122 in HCC cells. Moreover, RPPH1 positively regulated the expression of Wnt1 and its downstream targets through miR-122. Our study demonstrates for the first time that RPPH1 promotes HCC progression via the miR-122/Wnt1/β-catenin axis, which may represent a valuable therapeutic target for patients with HCC.

Abstract In this study, a simple method was designed to prepare ordered mesoporous carbons embedded with molybdenum without any extreme conditions. We prepared three different ordered molybdenum carbide materials with mesoporous structures to explore the influence of the structure of molybdenum‐based materials on the HER catalytic efficiency. The ordered mesoporous molybdenum carbide catalysts (CMK‐3‐MoCx, fCMK‐3‐MoCx, CMK‐8‐MoCx) were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption and XPS. The HER is catalyzed efficiently on the three electrocatalysts, fCMK‐3‐MoCx shows the best HER electro‐catalytic performance with a small onset potential of −0.06 V vs. RHE, a low tafel slope of 66 mV dec −1 and a small over‐potential value of 89 mV at 10 mA cm −2 . This excellent performance on HER is due to its high specific surface area and highly ordered mesoporous structure that resulted in excellent proton transport efficiency and high electron transfer rate. Our results provide a new research direction for the application of flat ordered mesoporous structures in catalysis.

Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium(NVM) is a rare kind of cardiomyopathy associated with genetic mutations and nongenetic factors, among which the isolated right ventricular noncompaction (iRVNC) is the most rare type. ACVRL1 is the pathogenic gene of type 2 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT2), and there's no NVM reported to be associated with ACVRL1 mutation.This is a rare case diagnosed as iRVNC and pulmonary hypertention with ACVRL1 mutation detected.iRVNC in this case may be due to ACVRL1 mutation, secondary to pulmonary hypertention and right ventricular failure caused by ACVRL1 mutation, or they happened in the same case coincidently.

<abstract><p>In this paper, we consider a higher-order numerical scheme for two-dimensional nonlinear fractional Hadamard integral equations with uniform accuracy. First, the high-order numerical scheme is constructed by using piecewise biquadratic logarithmic interpolations to approximate an integral function based on the idea of the modified block-by-block method. Secondly, for $ 0 < \gamma, \lambda < 1 $, the convergence of the high order numerical scheme has the optimal convergence order of $ O(\Delta_{s}^{4-\gamma}+\Delta_{t}^{4-\lambda }) $. Finally, two numerical examples are used for experimental testing to support the theoretical findings.</p></abstract>

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can reduce sperm count and sperm quality. The molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. In this report, we investigated the effects of LPS-treated Sertoli cells on self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogoinial stem cells (SSCs). Sertoli cell cultures were established and incubated with LPS (10μg/ml) for 1, 2 or 3 days, respectively. The culture media were collected and used as conditioned media (CM) to culture SSCs. The expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), stem cell factor (SCF) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in Sertoli cells treated with LPS was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of SSC differentiation markers, c-kit and Sohlh2, was increased, while the expression of SSC self-renewal markers, plzf, oct4, and PCNA, was repressed when cultured in CM from LPS-treated Sertoli cells. GDNF levels in Sertoli cells and CM reduced dramatically after LPS treatments, while SCF and BMP4 levels did not show any significant changes. Moreover, correlated with the GDNF levels in CM, GDNF target genes, Bcl6b and Etv5, were reduced markedly in SSCs. Our results suggest that LPS inhibits the expression of GDNF in Sertoli cells, and might prevent the SSC self-renewal via down-regulation of GDNF target genes.

The impact toughness of Q&T Mn-Ni-Mo bainitic steel in the ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) region was measured. The fracture micromechanism associated with the microstructural features was studied, by statistically analyzing the grain sizes of various structures. The results reveal that the cleavage fracture behavior is controlled by bainitic packets. There exists a critical bainitic packet size. When a microcrack formed in the bainitic packet with a size exceeding the critical size propagates into adjacent packets, brittle cleavage fracture occurs. The probability of finding the bainitic packets larger than the critical size dominates the impact toughness and its scattering. It is suggested that refining the bainitic packets and homogenizing their sizes is an effective method of improving the impact toughness and reducing its scattering in the DBTT region.

In the present work, we designed and prepared Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe)-based solar cells with a new structure of Al/ITO/ZnO/CdS/CZTSSe/WO3/Mo/SLG (S1-5) by depositing about 5-nm-thick WO3 layer with monoclinic structure on the back electrode Mo/SLG of solar cells with the convention structure of Al/ITO/ZnO/CdS/CZTSSe/Mo/SLG (S2), with the aim of improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CZTSSe-based solar cells. It is found that the average open circuit voltage (Voc) increases from 346.7 mV of the S2 cells to 400.9 mV of the S1-5 cells, the average short circuit current density (Jsc) from 26.4 mA/cm2 to 32.1 mA/cm2 and the filling factor (FF) from 33.8 to 40.0 by addition of the WO3 layer, which results in that the average PCE increases from 3.10% of the S2 cells to 5.14% of the S1-5 cells. The average increasing percent of the PCE is 65.8%. The increase in Voc, Jsc and FF of the S1-5 cells compared to the S2 cells is attributed to that the WO3 layer prevent the Se coming from Se ambient and CZTSSe to react with the Mo to form MoSe2 and other second phases, which makes the shunt resistance (Rsh) of the S1-5 increase and the series resistance (Rs) and reverse saturation current density (J0) decrease compared to the S2 cells. The decreased J0 is main factor of improvement of the PCE. A mechanism of influence of the Rsh, Rs and J0 on the PCE is also revealed. Our result demonstrates that addition of the WO3 layer with a reasonable thickness can be a promising technical route of improving the PCE of the CZTSSe-based solar cell.

Women and healthcare providers lack adequate information on medication safety during pregnancy. While resources describing fetal risk are available, information is provided in multiple locations, often with subjective assessments of available data. We developed a list of medications of greatest concern during pregnancy to help healthcare providers counsel reproductive-aged and pregnant women. Prescription drug labels submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with information in the Teratogen Information System (TERIS) and/or Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation by Briggs & Freeman were included (N = 1,186 medications; 766 from three data sources, 420 from two). We used two supervised learning methods (‘support vector machine’ and ‘sentiment analysis’) to create prediction models based on narrative descriptions of fetal risk. Two models were created per data source. Our final list included medications categorized as ‘high’ risk in at least four of six models (if three data sources) or three of four models (if two data sources). We classified 80 prescription medications as being of greatest concern during pregnancy; over half were antineoplastic agents (n = 24), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 10), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (n = 8), and anticonvulsants (n = 7). This evidence-based list could be a useful tool for healthcare providers counseling reproductive-aged and pregnant women about medication use during pregnancy. However, providers and patients may find it helpful to weigh the risks and benefits of any pharmacologic treatment for both pregnant women and the fetus when managing medical conditions before and during pregnancy.

Soft Tissue augmentation is a way to restore lost tissue and also a way to reshape confidence for patients who suffer from soft tissue loss. Materials that can realize such a function are called soft tissue fillers. Among the large number of fillers, injectable fillers have attracted widespread attention in facial cosmetic fields due to their convenience and competitive performance. Meanwhile, there is a huge demand for better injectable soft tissue fillers in medical cosmetology market. This review introduces several fillers which were once used in clinical or are now still in use. Furthermore, we update recent improvements and progress on injectable filling materials hoping to contribute to its further developments.

Psoriasis is a chronic papulosquamous skin disease occurring worldwide caused by varieties of factors. The recipe of Mongolian medicine Sendeng Decoction was recorded in “The Pleasure of the Viewer” compiled by Jigwood Danjinzhamusu. Mongolian medicine clinical experience proved that Sendeng Decoction had good antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatism effect. However, the mechanism of this drug in psoriasis is still unclear. In this study, imiquimod cream (IMQ) was used to construct psoriasis model in 8-week-old male BALB/c mice, and Sendeng Decoction was used to treat the mice with psoriasis. The results showed that PASI score and spleen index decreased after Sendeng Decoction treatment. Meanwhile, HE staining showed that the pathological structure was improved, flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of Treg cells increased and Th17 ​cells decreased, and results of Western blot showed that the level of p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, p-STAT3 and p-JAK1 decreased observably. More importantly, the above results were most significant in Sendeng's M group, which was similar to MTX group. Our results indicated that Mongolian medicine Sendeng Decoction can effectively relieve the symptoms of psoriasis mice induced by IMQ, mainly by regulating the ratio of Th17/Treg cells through the JAK/STAT and p38 MAPK pathways to reduce the inflammatory state in mice, thereby improving the symptoms of dermatitis.

Kinetic theories have been developed to describe the hydrodynamics of polydisperse granular flows under different theoretical assumptions. In this study, six species theories are assessed using the DEM data obtained from simple shear flow containing bidisperse particles with low and moderate solid volume fraction (Galvin, 2007). It was shown that (i) only the theories of Iddir and Arastoopour (2005) and Zhao and Wang (2021) can qualitatively capture all of the effects of various parameters on the granular temperature ratio and the normal and shear stresses; (ii) the granular temperature ratio can be predicted accurately either by Iddir and Arastoopour (2005) or Zhao and Wang (2021), depending on the input parameters; and (iii) the predictions of normal and shear stresses by Iddir and Arastoopour (2005) are superior in matching the DEM data for most tested cases. Present study not only discusses the fundamental differences between different species kinetic theories, but also offers a critical assessment of their suitability in modeling simple shear flow.

Palladium hydrides (PdHx ) have important applications in hydrogen storage, catalysis, and superconductivity. Because of the unique electron subshell structure of Pd, quenching PdHx materials with more than 0.706 hydrogen stoichiometry remains challenging. Here, the 1:1 stoichiometric PdH ( Fm3¯m)$Fm\bar{3}m)$ is successfully synthesized using Pd nano icosahedrons as a starting material via high-pressure cold-forging at 0.2 GPa. The synthetic initial pressure is reduced by at least one order of magnitude relative to the bulk Pd precursors. Furthermore, PdH is quenched at ambient conditions after being laser heated ≈2000 K under ≈30 GPa. Corresponding ab initio calculations demonstrate that the high potential barrier of the facets (111) restricts hydrogen atoms' diffusion, preventing hydrogen atoms from combining to generate H2 . This study paves the way for the high-pressure synthesis of metal hydrides with promising potential applications.

Polypropylene separator-reinforced polymer-in-salt SSCEs combine high ionic conductivity, large t Li + and superior interface stability toward lithium anodes, enabling excellent cycling stability of solid-state lithium ion batteries at room temperature.

西藏东南部是全球34个物种最丰富且受威胁 最严重的生物多样性热点地区之一(Conservation International, http://www.conservation.org.cn)。位于 该区域的墨脱县(93o46'–96o05' E, 27o34'–29o56' N) 总面积约30,000 km, 海拔在200–7,787 m之间。该 地区人为干扰少, 自然环境优越, 由于受喜马拉雅 山的阻断和复杂的地质环境的影响, 野生动植物资 源丰富, 现记录有哺乳动物69–70种, 鸟类385种(郭 光普, 2004), 种子植物180科726属1,679种(变种)(孙 航和周浙昆, 1996)。为探究该地区物种多样性, 老 一代科学家在20世纪80年代对陆生脊椎动物相关 类群 (鸟类 : 郑作新等 , 1983; 兽类 : 冯祚建等 , 1986; 两栖爬行类: 胡淑琴等, 1987)的区系组成、垂

Medical Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a multi-modal challenging task widely considered by research communities of the computer vision and natural language processing. Since most current medical VQA models focus on visual content, ignoring the importance of text, this paper proposes a multi-view attention-based model(MuVAM) for medical visual question answering which integrates the high-level semantics of medical images on the basis of text description. Firstly, different methods are utilized to extract the features of the image and the question for the two modalities of vision and text. Secondly, this paper proposes a multi-view attention mechanism that include Image-to-Question (I2Q) attention and Word-to-Text (W2T) attention. Multi-view attention can correlate the question with image and word in order to better analyze the question and get an accurate answer. Thirdly, a composite loss is presented to predict the answer accurately after multi-modal feature fusion and improve the similarity between visual and textual cross-modal features. It consists of classification loss and image-question complementary (IQC) loss. Finally, for data errors and missing labels in the VQA-RAD dataset, we collaborate with medical experts to correct and complete this dataset and then construct an enhanced dataset, VQA-RADPh. The experiments on these two datasets show that the effectiveness of MuVAM surpasses the state-of-the-art method.

The work considers the application of a magnetic spectrometer (MS) for analyzing the hydrogenation of metals (particularly, titanium and copper). Therefore, for the sake of increasing the sensitivity of the magnetic spectrometer, the following ratios are introduced: (ΔU/U)/(Δd/d) (where ΔU/U is the relative change of the MS signal and Δd/d is the relative change in the thickness of a sample), (ΔU/U)/(Δδ/δ) (where Δδ/δ is the relative change in the depth of eddy current penetration into metal) and (ΔU/U)/(ΔS/S) (where ΔS/S is the relative change in the area of sample). These parameters allow to eliminate or reduce the error in determining the conductivity value. Parameter β that is equal to the product of the sample area and the inverse value of eddy current penetration depth into metal corresponds to the effectiveness of the current penetration into metal. The authors derived a formula that ties the electric conductivity of metal to the number of implanted hydrogen atoms, which allows determining the composition of titanium hydride at different depth of metal.

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Sustainable tourism development in Shandong province needs a comprehensive support system with the support and cooperation of the whole society. Therefore, based on the establishment of management agencies with clear responsibility, a comprehensive support system including the development concept system, legal protection system, system security system, policy security system, publicity and education system, professional training and reserve system and so on should be set up to make tourist environment, resources, investment managers, tourists, local residents run effectively, and promote recycling use of tourism resources and environment, achieve ultimately sustainable development.

In order to solve the mechanical multi-objective optimal design problems, the basic idea and flow chart of collaborative optimization method are introduced in this paper. In view of the shortcomings that exist in standard collaborative optimization method, this method has been improved by applying the dynamic slack factor method. Taking a mechanical multi-objective optimal design of spring as an example, the multi-objective optimal design problem has been solved by the improved collaborative optimization method. The process and result show that the improved collaborative optimization method has higher accuracy and efficiency. This paper has provided an efficient method to solve the complicated mechanical multi-objective optimal design problems.

Absorption characteristics of total suspended particulate, phytoplankton and tripton in Lake Qiandaohu are presented based on the in situ data collected in winter (from December 2012 to February 2013) and summer (from July to August 2013). The mean values of total suspended particle absorption coefficients at 440 nm [a(p) (440)] in winter and summer are (0.20 +/- 0.07) m(-1) and (0.24 +/- 0.17) m(-1). Correspondingly, the mean values of a(p) (675) are (0.07 +/- 0.02) m(-1) and (0.10 +/- 0.07) m(-1). In winter the absorption spectra of total suspended particulate matters can be divided into two cases: the absorption spectra are similar to those of phytoplankton in the northwest lake and to those of tripton in other lake regions. In summer, the absorption spectra of total suspended particles are similar to those of phytoplankton from 400 nm to 700 nm. The mean values of phytoplankton absorption coefficients at 440 nm [a(ph) (440)] are (0.10 +/- 0.03) m(-1) in winter, and (0.17 +/- 0.14) m(-1) in summer. Accordingly, the mean values of a(ph) (675) are (0.05 +/- 0.02) m(-1) and (0.08 +/- 0.07) m(-1). The mean values of Chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficients (by the concentration of Chla) at440 nm a(*)(ph)(440) are (0.045 +/- 0.010) m2 x mg(-1) in winter and (0.039 +/- 0.013) m2 x mg(-1) in summer. At the same time, the mean values of a(*)(ph) (675) are (0.022 +/- 0.004) m2 x mg(-1) and (0.019 +/- 0.005) m2 x mg(-1). Significantly linear correlations are found between phytoplankton absorption coefficients and chlorophyll a concentration, trophic level index (TLI). Chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficients vary with the chlorophyll a concentrations following a power function. The tripton absorption coefficients exponentially decrease from 400 nm to 700 nm. The correlation between tripton absorption coefficients and inorganic particles is significant in winter, whereas, the correlation between tripton absorption coefficients and the concentrations of total suspended particles and organic particles are significant in summer.

Accurate prediction of high-dimensional covariance matrices is crucial for portfolio and risk management. In the model developed in this work, high-frequency financial data is used to obtain the realized covariance matrix, and the realized semicovariance is used to decompose the covariance matrix into a summation of the positive part Pt, negative part Nt, and mixed part Mt of the realized semicovariance. DRD decomposition is carried out for Pt to obtain the realized volatility matrix Dt+ and the realized correlation matrix Rt+. We construct a deep-learning long short-term memory (LSTM) model to predict Dt+ and use the vector heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model to predict the vectorization of Rt+, building a prediction model for Pt. The prediction procedure for the negative part Nt is the same as that for the positive part Pt. The matrix factor (MF) model is used to reduce the dimension of Mt to obtain the factor matrix, and this is predicted using the vector HAR model for the vectorization of factor matrices, constructing the LSTM-MF realized covariance matrix prediction model. Economic evaluation of the covariance prediction model was undertaken using minimum-variance portfolios with and without L1 constriction. The empirical analysis showed that, compared to the other covariance prediction models considered, LSTM-MF achieved a higher prediction accuracy and Sharpe ratio, and its overall effect was the best.

Abstract Surface defects of steel plates unavoidably exist during the industrial production proceeding due to the complex productive technologies and always exhibit some typical characteristics, such as irregular shape, random position, and various size. Therefore, detecting these surface defects with high performance is crucial for producing high-quality products in practice. In this paper, an improved network with high performance based on You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) is proposed for detecting surface defects of steel plates. Firstly, the Space to Depth Convolution (SPD-Conv) is utilized to make the feature information transforming from space to depth, helpful for preserving the entirety of discriminative feature information to the greatest extent under the proceeding of down-sampling. Subsequently, the Coordinate Attention (CA) mechanism is introduced and embedded into the bottleneck of C3 modules to effectively enhance the weights of some important feature channels, in favor of capturing more important feature information from different channels after SPD-Conv operations. Finally, the Spatial Pyramid Pooling Faster (SPPF) module is replaced by the Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fully Connected Spatial Pyramid Convolution (SPPFCSPC) module to further enhance the feature expression capability and efficiently realize the multi-scale feature fusion. The experimental results on NEU-DET dataset show that, compared with YOLOv5, the mAP and mAP50 dramatically increase from 51.7%, 87.0–61.4%, 92.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the frame rate of 250 FPS implies that it still preserves a well real-time performance. Undoubtedly, the improved algorithm proposed in this paper exhibits outstanding performance, which may be also used to recognize the surface defects of aluminum plates, as well as plastic plates, armor plates and so on in the future.

Medical reports play an important role in diagnosing a patient’s illness. However, writing medical reports is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and writing high-quality medical reports often requires extensive clinical experience, which can be a challenge for less experienced doctors. Based on this, the medical report generation tasks emerged. The model architecture used is basically Encoder-Decoder architecture. In this architecture, the extraction quality of visual features is particularly critical. Based on this, previous research has focused on how to better extract visual features, but most researchers have neglected the acquisition of textual features. In this paper, we focus on how to obtain better textual features and how to perform multi-modal feature fusion of visual and textual features more effectively. To this end, we propose two modules, the BM25 Multi-Source Text feature interaction module (BM25-MST) and the Multi-Modal Feature memory fusion module (Mul-MF),respectively. The aim of this BM25-MST module is to generate a multi-source text feature containing rich semantic information, and then use the Mul-MF module to perform full fusion of visual features and text features.

Small object detection has a broad application prospect in image processing of unmanned aerial vehicles, autopilot and remote sensing. However, some difficulties exactly exist in small object detection, such as aggregation, occlusion and insufficient feature extraction, resulting in a great challenge for small object detection. In this paper, we propose an improved algorithm for small object detection to address these issues. By using the spatial pyramid to extract multi-scale spatial features and by applying the multi-scale channel attention to capture the global and local semantic features, the spatial pooling pyramid and multi-scale channel attention module (SPP-MSCAM) is constructed. More importantly, the fusion of the shallower layer with higher resolution and a deeper layer with more semantic information is introduced to the neck structure for improving the sensitivity of small object features. A large number of experiments on the VisDrone2019 dataset and the NWPU VHR-10 dataset show that the proposed method significantly improves the Precision, mAP and mAP50 compared to the YOLOv5 method. Meanwhile, it still preserves a considerable real-time performance. Undoubtedly, the improved network proposed in this paper can effectively alleviate the difficulties of aggregation, occlusion and insufficient feature extraction in small object detection, which would be helpful for its potential applications in the future.

Polydisperse gas-solid flows, which is notoriously difficult to model due to the complex gas-particle and particle-particle interactions, are widely encountered in industry. In this article, a refined kinetic theory for polydisperse flow is developed, which features single-parameter Chapman-Enskog expansion (the Knudsen number) and exact calculation of the integrations related to pair distribution function of particle velocity without any mathematical approximations. The Navier-Stokes order constitutive relations for multifluid modeling of polydisperse gas-solid flow are then obtained analytically, including the solid stress tensor, the solid-solid drag force, the granular heat flux and the energy dissipation rate. Finally, the model is preliminarily validated by comparing to the discrete element simulation data of one-dimensional granular shear flow and by showing that the hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-solid flows in a bubbling fluidized bed containing bidisperse particles can be successfully predicted.

Here, we propose a new modified quantum mechanics and its new algorithms of atomic fine-structure,asymmetric variational method based on hydrogen-like atom orbit. In addition, as we all know, the ab initio calculation of atomic fine-structure is the first driving force to create relativistic quantum mechanics, so every new development of it is an interesting and important hot topic. But we will not try to prove (or refute) strictly, because there is no analytical solution to the multi-body Schrodinger equation and the magnetic potential integral of ampere force of Langevin, so we use our method to calculate the atom fine-structure of within the second period, and prove that our calculation is closer to the experimental observation value through this numerical experiment method (Our calculation accuracy is better than those of relativistic Hartree-Fock method). Therefore, our discussion is a positive exploration and conjecture.

To solve the problem of large electric energy consumption of household electric water heater (EWH), firstly, an electric water heater model considering demand response is established, and an improved electric water heater optimization control strategy based on binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm is proposed with time-of-use price as incentive, so that the load of electric water heater directly responds to the incentive signal sent by power grid company, By changing its own running state and energy consumption to achieve the optimization goal. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Aiming at the high concurrency and delay insensitive services in VPP information interaction, such as the collection and reporting of basic load data, aiming at the problem that it excessively occupies the resources of power communication system. In this paper, a method of information convergence processing and transmission on VPP platform is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively remove the redundancy of packets and achieve better compression and transmission performance.

3D human reconstruction from RGB images achieves decent results in good weather conditions but degrades dramatically in rough weather. Complementary, mmWave radars have been employed to reconstruct 3D human joints and meshes in rough weather. However, combining RGB and mmWave signals for robust all-weather 3D human reconstruction is still an open challenge, given the sparse nature of mmWave and the vulnerability of RGB images. In this paper, we present ImmFusion, the first mmWave-RGB fusion solution to reconstruct 3D human bodies in all weather conditions robustly. Specifically, our ImmFusion consists of image and point backbones for token feature extraction and a Transformer module for token fusion. The image and point backbones refine global and local features from original data, and the Fusion Transformer Module aims for effective information fusion of two modalities by dynamically selecting informative tokens. Extensive experiments on a large-scale dataset, mmBody, captured in various environments demonstrate that ImmFusion can efficiently utilize the information of two modalities to achieve a robust 3D human body reconstruction in all weather conditions. In addition, our method's accuracy is significantly superior to that of state-of-the-art Transformer-based LiDAR-camera fusion methods.

An edge is a bisector of a simple path if it contains the middle point of the path. In this paper, efficient parallel algorithms are proposed on the EREW PRAM for the single-source and all-pairs tree bisector problems. Two O(log n) time single-source algorithms are proposed. One uses O(n) work and the other uses O(nlog n) work. The one using O(n) work is more efficient but only applicable to unweighted trees. One all-pairs parallel algorithm is proposed. It requires O(log n) time using O(n/sup 2/) work.

The core of energy efficiency assessment (EEA) among energy consumers is to establish an integrated assessment model. In the paper, first, EEA process was described, and an assessment methodology based on gray relational analysis was introduced. Afterwards, a motor driving pump system was further studied as a typical example. By sorting pump-related standards and literatures, three indexes were chosen to form an assessment model for pump station, which were motor efficiency, unit energy consumption and pump efficiency, respectively. According to grey relational analysis, the operating data of one pump station in 24 hours a day was calculated and evaluated, and the result shows the feasibility of this EEA methodology for various energy systems, which provides a fresh idea for comprehensive evaluation of energy efficiency.

Total suspended matter concentration is one of the important parameters of water component. Traditional retrieval model ignored the difference of case 2 water which has complex optical properties. In the present study, we developed a method of water classification based on optical classification using HJ-1 multispectral data. We divided the water into two types and developed a retrieval model suitable for different water type. The results indicate: (1) the accuracy of retrieved results based on spectral classification has been improved; (2) exponential model reflects the relationship between suspended sediment concentration and retrieved factor and is better for type I water, while linear model is better for type II water.

The challenge for complex systems specification is how to visually and precisely capture static, dynamic and real-time system properties in a highly structured way. In particular, requirement specifications for composite systems often involve capturing concurrent interactions between software control parts and physical system components/devices. The requirement specifications of such systems need to capture the structure and behavior of each individual physical/software components and their communications. In this chapter, we investigate the links between the graphical notation UML and an integrated formal notation. We present an effective combination of UML and an integrated formal method for the requirement specification of a light control system. This work is supported in part by the research grant (Integrated Formal Methods) from National University of Singapore (No. RP3991615).

A computational saliency model utilizing bio-inspired features for spatiotemporal saliency is presented in this paper. We first propose distributed opponent oriented energy for compact local dynamic texture description motivated by Human Vision System. Then, we integrate the derived motion characterization and a revised self-resemblance saliency framework. High effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method is extensively demonstrated both qualitatively and quantitatively, for background subtraction in the cases of extremely dynamic scenes and camera jitter. In terms of the trade-off between accuracy and computation cost, our method achieves competitive results in contrast to the state-of-art algorithm.

Although scene classification has been studied for decades, indoor scene recognition remains challenging due to its large view point variance and massive irregular artefacts. In fact, most existing methods for outdoor scene classification perform poorly in the indoor situation. To address the problem, we propose a hybrid image representation by combining the global information with the local structure of the scene. First, the global discriminative information is captured by pyramid GIST feature. Second, the local structure is encoded by the bag of features method with Histogram Intersection Kernel (HIK). Finally, HIK based SVM is employed for learning and classification. Experiments on the MIT indoor scene database show that our approach could significantly improve the recognition accuracy of the state-of-art methods by about 14%.

To estimate the spatial variation characteristics of Taihu Lake phytoplankton and its influencing factors, samples were taken at 52 sampling sites during Apr. 2009. Then the total concentration of Chla and absorption coefficient of phytoplankton were measured the very day the samples were delivered to the lab. In the present research, results on pigment package effect by former researchers were taken to calculate its influence on specific absorption coefficients, the power of package effect of different areas in Taihu Lake were estimated, and the package effort revision was done to absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. Ratio of blue and red band of absorption coefficients (a(ph) (440)/a(ph) (675)) and standardization specific absorption spectrum were used to measure the influence on specific absorption coefficients by accessory pigment in different areas of Taihu Laik and different bands. Results showed that (1) specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton in Taihu Lake vary more in short wave bands than that at 675 nm, specific absorption coefficients in Meiliang Bay are lower than in other areas. (2) Spatial variation of specific absorption coefficients in Taihu Lake is seriously influenced by package effect, and this influence occurred more seriously in Meiliang Bay than in other areas and more seriously in alongshore water body than in offshore water body. (3) Influence on specific absorption coefficients by accessory pigment is relatively weak, and mostly concentrates in short wave band, while auxiliary pigment influence is less at 675 nm, and in Meiliang Bay accessory pigment influence is less than in other areas, and its influences are less in alongshore water body than in offshore water body.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Facile Coordination-Precipitation Route to Insoluble Metal Roussin’s Black Salts for NIR-Responsive Release of NO for Anti-MetastasisLijuan Chen, Qianjun He*, Minyi Lei, Liwei Xiong, Kun Shi, Liwei Tan, Zhaokui Jin, Tianfu Wang, and Zhiyong Qian*Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 50, 44258Publication Date (Web):December 8, 2017Publication History Published online8 December 2017Published inissue 20 December 2017https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b17254Copyright © 2017 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views681Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (567 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

To reduce traffic jam and pollution emissions, public transportation has been developing in recent years worldwide. There already have metro, bus rapid transit (BRT), and CBS (CBS) in Zhengzhou city. To grasp the transit performance deeply, vehicle running GPS data could be obtained in the Zhengzhou Traffic Information Center. Five different types of transit were compared from line distance, station distance, travel speed, and spot speed. Then, the traffic data of BRT and CBS were analyzed from different perspectives. Last proposed the corresponding recommendations for the Zhengzhou city.

Background Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disease with poor survival and significant morbidity. Limited information on the treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and clinical outcomes of Canadian AL amyloidosis patients is currently available. This study analyzed existing administrative claims data to better understand this patient population in the real-world setting. Methods Population-based administrative databases in Alberta, Canada were queried from 2010 to 2019 using a claims-based algorithm to identify potential cases of systemic AL amyloidosis. The medical charts of individuals flagged by the algorithm were subsequently reviewed by a trained clinician to confirm the diagnosis. Baseline characteristics, sequencing of pharmacologic therapies, overall survival (OS), and HCRU were evaluated. Individuals with AL amyloidosis were matched 1:4 with members of the general population based on age and sex. The mean difference in number of healthcare touch points was then estimated. HCRU was assessed starting from the time of diagnosis for individuals with AL amyloidosis and starting from the date of first encounter with the healthcare system within the corresponding calendar year for matched members of the general population. Robust variance estimation was used to address clustering due to matching. Results A total of 215 patients were confirmed to have AL amyloidosis. At baseline, the mean age at diagnosis was 66 years (range: 25 to 93 years). The majority of patients were men (59.5%), had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status between 0-1 (60.9%), and had at least one comorbidity (84.7%). Approximately 1 in 3 patients had a concurrent multiple myeloma diagnosis. Renal and cardiac involvement were more common at baseline (67.9% and 55.8%, respectively) than liver involvement (15.3%). CyBorD was given to 66.4% of patients who initiated pharmacologic therapy, while most of the remaining 33.6% of patients received another bortezomib-based combination therapy. The most common 2L therapy was the combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone which was given to 29.9% of individuals who initiated 2L. Median OS from initiation of 1L was markedly improved in patients diagnosed between 2012-2019 compared to 2010-2011 (63.4 vs. 34.5 months, respectively; log-rank p=0.07). Relative to age-sex matched members of the general population, individuals with AL amyloidosis had 118.7 more encounters with the healthcare system within the follow-up period (robust 95% CI: 79.4 to 157.9). Conclusions Since 2012, CyBorD has been the standard of care for Canadian AL amyloidosis patients. While survival has increased over time, 5-year survival remains low which highlights an unmet need for more effective therapies. Relative to the general population, individuals with AL amyloidosis had significantly higher HCRU, underscoring the high disease burden. Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disease with poor survival and significant morbidity. Limited information on the treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and clinical outcomes of Canadian AL amyloidosis patients is currently available. This study analyzed existing administrative claims data to better understand this patient population in the real-world setting. Population-based administrative databases in Alberta, Canada were queried from 2010 to 2019 using a claims-based algorithm to identify potential cases of systemic AL amyloidosis. The medical charts of individuals flagged by the algorithm were subsequently reviewed by a trained clinician to confirm the diagnosis. Baseline characteristics, sequencing of pharmacologic therapies, overall survival (OS), and HCRU were evaluated. Individuals with AL amyloidosis were matched 1:4 with members of the general population based on age and sex. The mean difference in number of healthcare touch points was then estimated. HCRU was assessed starting from the time of diagnosis for individuals with AL amyloidosis and starting from the date of first encounter with the healthcare system within the corresponding calendar year for matched members of the general population. Robust variance estimation was used to address clustering due to matching. A total of 215 patients were confirmed to have AL amyloidosis. At baseline, the mean age at diagnosis was 66 years (range: 25 to 93 years). The majority of patients were men (59.5%), had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status between 0-1 (60.9%), and had at least one comorbidity (84.7%). Approximately 1 in 3 patients had a concurrent multiple myeloma diagnosis. Renal and cardiac involvement were more common at baseline (67.9% and 55.8%, respectively) than liver involvement (15.3%). CyBorD was given to 66.4% of patients who initiated pharmacologic therapy, while most of the remaining 33.6% of patients received another bortezomib-based combination therapy. The most common 2L therapy was the combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone which was given to 29.9% of individuals who initiated 2L. Median OS from initiation of 1L was markedly improved in patients diagnosed between 2012-2019 compared to 2010-2011 (63.4 vs. 34.5 months, respectively; log-rank p=0.07). Relative to age-sex matched members of the general population, individuals with AL amyloidosis had 118.7 more encounters with the healthcare system within the follow-up period (robust 95% CI: 79.4 to 157.9). Since 2012, CyBorD has been the standard of care for Canadian AL amyloidosis patients. While survival has increased over time, 5-year survival remains low which highlights an unmet need for more effective therapies. Relative to the general population, individuals with AL amyloidosis had significantly higher HCRU, underscoring the high disease burden.

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is defined as the wavelength band of 400 to 700 nm, representing most of the visible solar radiation that could be used for photosynthesis. PAR is attenuated by the absorption and scattering of nonpigment suspended matter, chromophoric dissolved organic matter and phytoplankton, and it plays an important role in determining the density and distribution of aquatic organisms. This study developed an empirical model and presented the spatial-temporal distribution of PAR diffuse attenuation coefficient [Kd (PAR)] for the slightly turbid Xin'anjiang Reservoir based on the in situ ground data and the matching Landsat 8 data. The results showed that the three-hand combinational model of Kd ( PAR) using Band 2, Band 3 and Band 8 could give a reasonable and acceptable estimation accuracy with a determination coefficient of 0. 87. Independent dataset was used to validate the model with a mean relative error of 9.16% and a root mean square error of 0.06 m⁻¹. Therefore, the three-band combination using Landsat 8 data could be used to accurately estimate Kd (PAR) in the slightly turbid Xin'anjiang Reservoir. Kd (PAR) exhibited significant seasonal and spatial differences. Kd (PAR) was higher in autumn (September-November) and summer (June-August) with the average Kd (PAR) of (0.82 ± 0.60) m⁻¹ and (0.77 ± 0.41) m⁻¹, but lower in winter (December-February) and spring (March-May) with the average Kd (PAR) of (0.56 ± 0.50) m⁻¹ and (0.40 ± 0.45 ) m⁻¹, respectively. Spatially, Kd (PAR) ranged from 0.002 to 13.86 m⁻¹ with an average of (0.64 ± 0.49) m⁻¹. The temporal heterogeneity of Kd (PAR) was mainly caused by the seasonal rainfall and seasonal growth of phytoplankton. The spatial heterogeneity was mainly caused by suspended matter concentration derived from watershed inputs and human dredging activity.

Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048

Innovation is the motive power of a region or an industry. At the background of knowledge-based economy and network era, the needs and behaviors of tourists have undergone great changes. This has imposed new requirements to the development of tourism. Shandong travel has made great achievements, but also faces severe challenges. In order to maintain a strong competitive power, Shandong Province must intensify innovation of tourism, establish the innovation system that include product innovation, technical innovation, management innovation, culture innovation, marketing innovation and so on to promote the overall innovation of tourism.

Both whole Stellera chamaejasme and its extract are demonstrated to have powerful toxicity to some pest insects.The poison bait containing 17 % roots of Stellera chamaejasme was used to test the acute toxicity of Stellera chamaejasme in Mongolian gerbils according to Sun′s improved Kou′s Integrated Way.Mongolian gerbils were treated with 5 treatments of toxicant bait according to pretested results: the lowest dose was 7.0 g/kg and the optimal gradient dose radio was 0.65.Results indicate that the body weight of treatment group was significantly decreased as compared to control(P=0.0290.05).The rate of liver to body weight was significantly decreased in groupⅤ(P=0.0140.05,whereas,the percent of kidney to body weight was slightly increased in groupⅤ(P=0.1020.05) compared with controls.The LD50 of Stellera chamaejasme in Mongolian gerbils is 20.37±0.086 g/kg.The confidence limit on 95% is(20.37±7.84) g/kg.The acute virulence is slight as relates to the graded standard of toxicant against mice.

Field experiments are conducted separately in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake on Apr. and Jun. 2009. The changes in absorption spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) characteristics are analyzed using spectral differential analysis technology. According the spectral differential characteristic of absorption coefficient; absorption coefficient from 240 to 450 nm is divided into different stages, and the value of spectral slope S is calculated in each stage. In Stage A, S value of CDOM in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake are 0.0166-0.0102 nm(-1) [average (0.0132 +/- 0.0017) nm(-1)], 0.029-0.017 nm(-1) [average (0.0214 +/- 0.0024) nm(-1)]. In Stage B, S values are 0.0187-0.0148 nm(-1) [average (0.0169 +/- 0.001) nm(-1)], 0.0179-0.0055 nm(-1) [average (0.0148 +/- 0.002) nm(-1)]. In Stage C, S values are 0.0208-0.0164 nm(-1) [average (0.0186 +/- 0.0009) nm(-1)], 0.0253-0.0161 nm(-1) [average (0.0197 +/- 0.002) nm(-1)]. The results can be concluded as: (1) Absorption coefficient of water in Taihu Lake, and its contribution to absorption of each component is less than that of water in Chaohu Lake, however the standardized absorption coefficient is larger than that in Chaohu Lake. (2) Both in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, derivative spectra of CDOM absorption coefficient reached valley at 260nm, then rise to top at 290 nm, CDOM absorption coefficient can be delivered into three stages. (3) Generally speaking, content of CDOM in Taihu Lake is less than in Chaohu Lake. (4) pectrum slope (S value) of CDOM is related to composition of CDOM, when content of humic acid in CDOM gets higher, S value of Stage B is the most sensitive value, then is the S value of Stage C. Oppositely, S value of Stage B gets the most sensitive value, then is the S value of Stage A; the least sensitive value is in Stage B.

A hierarchical cluster analysis is applied to the data set of R(rs) spectra. Combing the inherent optical and measured water color characteristics, we determine factors of the variability for each class of R(rs) spectra. The R(rs) measured from Lake Taihu, Chaohu, Dianchi and Three Gorges Reservoir can be divided into three spectrally distinct classes: class 1, class 2 and class 3. Class 1 is associated with water optical property dominated by total suspended matter and phytoplankton. Class 2 is associated with water optical property dominated by phytoplankton. And Class 3 is associated with water optical property dominated by total suspended matter. The three wavelengths factor Chlorophyll a concentration inversion models were developed according to different class water optical characteristics, which means relative error and RMSE are 23.8% and 8.5 mg/m3, and have higher accuracy than the model developed without classification.

To acquire the depth profile of suspended particle scattering coefficient and the mechanism of surface reflection, three different depths of Taihu Lake scattering coefficient and backscattering coefficient are obtained in Nov. 2008, respectively. And their characteristic variation with depth is studied. Profiling distribution of the slope of particulate size distribution (PSD) is computed by the attenuation coefficient. Profiling distribution of the concentration and composition of suspended particle is computed according the relationship between the scattering coefficient and the suspended particle concentration. Impact dominant factors on scattering coefficient of the depth of water are divided according to the range of refractive index. At the three depths (0, 50, 100 cm), the particle scattering, with the percentage 14%, 17%, 12% of the samples are dominated by algae, respectively. 35%, 30%, 34% of the samples are dominated by inorganic particulate matter and Non-algal organic particulate matter,and 51%, 53%, 51% of the samples are dominated by the above all. The results can be concluded as: scattering and backscattering coefficient of Taihu Lake water body changes with depth slightly. The concentration of total suspended particles is of more diversity in different lake area, but there is less difference at different depths except those samples near the inflow rivers. The main factors of scattering coefficient of most aquatic scattering in Taihu Lake had little difference at different depths, except several samples beside the inflow rivers.