K. Mazumdar

This work summarizes and puts in an overall perspective studies done within the compact muon solenoid (CMS) concerning the discovery potential for squarks and gluinos, sleptons, charginos and neutralinos, supersymmetric (SUSY) dark matter, lightest Higgs, sparticle mass determination methods and the detector design optimization in view of SUSY searches. It represents the status of our understanding of these subjects as of summer 1997. As a benchmark we used the minimal supergravity-inspired supersymmetric standard model (mSUGRA) with a stable lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). Discovery of supersymmetry at the large hadron collider should be relatively straightforward. It may occur through the observation of large excesses of events in missing ET plus jets, or with one or more isolated leptons. An excess of trilepton events or isolated dileptons with missing ET, exhibiting a characteristic signature in the l+l− invariant mass distribution, could also be the first manifestation of SUSY production. Squarks and gluinos can be discovered for masses in excess of 2 TeV. Charginos and neutralinos can be discovered from an excess of events in dilepton or trilepton final states. Inclusive searches can give early indications from their copious production in squark and gluino cascade decays. Indirect evidence for sleptons can also be obtained from inclusive dilepton studies. Isolation requirements and a jet veto would allow detection of both the direct chargino/neutralino production and the directly produced sleptons. Squark and gluino production may also represent a copious source of Higgs bosons through cascade decays. The lightest SUSY Higgs h → b may be reconstructed with a signal/background ratio of order 1 thanks to hard cuts on ETmiss justified by escaping LSPs. The LSP of SUSY models with conserved R-parity represents a very good candidate for cosmological dark matter. The region of parameter space where this is true is well covered by our searches, at least for tanβ = 2.

This Report summarizes the results of the first 10 months' activities of the LHC Higgs Cross Sections Working Group. The main goal of the working group was to present the status-of-art on Higgs Physics at the LHC integrating all new results that have appeared in the last few years. The Report is more than a mere collection of the proceedings of the general meetings. The subgroups have been working in different directions. An attempt has been made to present the first Report from these subgroups in a complete and homogeneous form. The subgroups' contributions correspondingly comprise the main parts of the Report. A significant amount of work has been performed in providing higher-order corrections to the Higgs-boson cross sections and pinning down the theoretical uncertainty of the Standard Model predictions. This Report comprises explicit numerical results on total cross sections, leaving the issues of event selection cuts and differential distributions to future publications. The subjects for further study are identified.

A light Higgs boson with substantial branching ratio into invisible channels can occur in a variety of models with: light neutralinos, spontaneously broken lepton number, radiatively generated neutrino masses, additional singlet scalar(s) and/or right handed neutrinos in the extra dimensions of TeV scale gravity. We study the observability of the WH and ZH modes at LHC with H decaying invisibly, by carrying out a detailed simulation with two event generators (HERWIG and PYTHIA) and realistic detector simulations (GETJET and CMSJET). We find that the signal with ‘single lepton plus missing ET’ resulting from WH production suffers from a very large background due to the (off-shell) W∗ production via the Drell–Yan process. In contrast, the ZH mode provides a clean signal in the ‘dilepton plus missing ET’ channel. By exploiting this second signature, we show that invisible branching ratios of Higgs bosons, BRinv, larger than ∼0.42 (0.70) can be probed at 5σ level for MH=120 (160) GeV, respectively, assuming an accumulated luminosity of L=100 fb−1.

The characteristics of the L3 hadron calorimeter as realized in the observation of hadronic jets and other events from e+e− collisions at LEP are presented and discussed. The pattern-recognition algorithm utilizing the fine granulatiry of the calorimeter is described, and the observed overall resolution of 10.2% for hadron jets from Z decay is reported. The use of the calorimeter in providing information on muon energy losses is also noted.

This Report summarizes the results of the first 10 months' activities of the LHC Higgs Cross Sections Working Group. The main goal of the working group was to present the status-of-art on Higgs Physics at the LHC integrating all new results that have appeared in the last few years. The Report is more than a mere collection of the proceedings of the general meetings. The subgroups have been working in different directions. An attempt has been made to present the first Report from these subgroups in a complete and homogeneous form. The subgroups' contributions correspondingly comprise the main parts of the Report. A significant amount of work has been performed in providing higher-order corrections to the Higgs-boson cross sections and pinning down the theoretical uncertainty of the Standard Model predictions. This Report comprises explicit numerical results on total cross sections, leaving the issues of event selection cuts and differential distributions to future publications. The subjects for further study are identified.

This work summarizes the studies for the Higgs boson searches in CMS at the LHC collider. The main discovery channels are presented and the potential is given for the discovery of the SM Higgs boson and the Higgs bosons of the MSSM. The phenomenology, detector, trigger and reconstruction issues are briefly discussed.

This report summarizes the activities of the SM and NLO Multileg Working Group of the Workshop "Physics at TeV Colliders", Les Houches, France 8-26 June, 2009.

Experimental aspects of the electromagnetic response of conducting half-planes to a horizontal-loop prospecting system are discussed. A method of quantitative interpretation of the ratio of resistivity to thickness, depth, dip and the position vertically above the top edge of the conductor is developed. The families of response diagrams and curves presented in the text furnish satisfactory solutions of the unknown parameters related to conductors (embedded in a highly resistive host-rock) dipping between 20° and 90δ at depths ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 times the distance between the source and receiver dipoles. Some typical anomalies obtained in field surveys are analysed to illustrate the method of interpretation.

High soil salinity has an unfavorable consequence on the growth and productivity of rice crop. However, some salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (ST-PGPB) regulate specific physiological, biochemical, and molecular properties to promote crop growth while minimizing the detrimental effects of salt stress. In this regard, we isolated ST-PGPB from rhizospheric soil and examined it to mitigate the salinity stress in rice seedlings. The growth of the bacterium at 3 M NaCl demonstrated its halotolerance, and 16S rRNA sequencing identified it as Bacillus siamensis, and the isolated strain was named BW. Further study indicated that biopriming with BW strain helps plant growth promotion-related phenotype and significantly mitigates salinity stress in rice seedlings. Treatment of rice seeds with BW resulted in significantly improved germination of seedlings at 75 mM to 150 mM NaCl, along with better physiology and biochemical parameters than the untreated ones. Furthermore, Bacillus sp. BW efficiently colonizes rice roots and produces auxin and siderophore, via forming biofilm under different salt concentrations. Under 100–200 mM NaCl treatment conditions, the extracellular metabolite profile from BW showed a substantial abundance in specific metabolites, such as osmoprotective chemicals, suggesting the likely protective mechanism against salinity stress damage. This study demonstrates the role and potential of a halotolerant- BW strain in supporting the growth of rice plants under salinity conditions.

The distribution pattern of the different forms of sulphur in the coal seams of Meghalaya has been worked out. In general, the total sulphur content is found to increase from the base to the top of a seam. There is also a general trend of upward increase of sulphur content in the seam-wise sequence, i.e. the upper seam is found to contain more sulphur than the seam lying below. Pyritic sulphur shows an upward increasing tendency both intraseam- and interseam-wise. Variation in organic sulphur shows an apparent parallelism with that of total sulphur. A gradual decrease in total sulphur content is also seen in the coals of Meghalaya from east to west within the basin of deposition. This regional lateral variation in sulphur content was due to the more marine nature of the peat-forming swamps of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills (eastern Meghalaya) as compared to that of the Garo Hills (western Maghalaya).

This is the summary and introduction to the proceedings contributions for the Les Houches 2009 "Tools and Monte Carlo" working group.

The PMTs of the CMS Hadron Forward calorimeter were found to generate a large size signal when their windows were traversed by energetic charged particles. This signal, which is due to Čerenkov light production at the PMT window, could interfere with the calorimeter signal and mislead the measurements. In order to find a viable solution to this problem, the response of four different types of PMTs to muons traversing their windows at different orientations is measured at the H2 beam-line at CERN. Certain kinds of PMTs with thinner windows show significantly lower response to direct muon incidence. For the four anode PMT, a simple and powerful algorithm to identify such events and recover the PMT signal using the signals of the quadrants without window hits is also presented. For the measurement of PMT responses to Čerenkov light, the Hadron Forward calorimeter signal was mimicked by two different setups in electron beams and the PMT performances were compared with each other. Superior performance of particular PMTs was observed.

The charge-transfer interactions between 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline with chloranil have been studied at 298 K in different solvents. The compounds are found to form fairly stable complexes and the stability constants for chloranil-bipyridine complexes are higher then the corresponding chloranil-phenonthroline complexes. The K AD values in aliphatic solvents are almost the same but differ from those in aromatic solvents where the values are close

Report of the Higgs working group for the Workshop `Physics at TeV Colliders', Les Houches, France, 21 May - 1 June 2001. It contains 7 separate sections: A. Theoretical Developments B. Higgs Searches at the Tevatron C. Experimental Observation of an invisible Higgs Boson at LHC D. Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson using Vector Boson Fusion at the LHC E. Study of the MSSM channel $A/H \to ττ$ at the LHC F. Searching for Higgs Bosons in $t\bar t H$ Production G. Studies of Charged Higgs Boson Signals for the Tevatron and the LHC

The work contained herein constitutes a report of the ``Beyond the Standard Model'' working group for the Workshop Physics at TeV Colliders, Les Houches, France, 26 May--6 June, 2003. The research presented is original, and was performed specifically for the workshop. Tools for calculations in the minimal supersymmetric standard model are presented, including a comparison of the dark matter relic density predicted by public codes. Reconstruction of supersymmetric particle masses at the LHC and a future linear collider facility is examined. Less orthodox supersymmetric signals such as non-pointing photons and R-parity violating signals are studied. Features of extra dimensional models are examined next, including measurement strategies for radions and Higgs', as well as the virtual effects of Kaluza Klein modes of gluons. An LHC search strategy for a heavy top found in many little Higgs model is presented and finally, there is an update on LHC $Z'$ studies.

New projective prototypes of a scintillator/lead sandwich type sampling calorimeter Shashlik with a silicon preshower detector have been constructed and tested with an electron beam at CERN-SPS. The energy resolution is measured to be 8.7%E(GeV) in stochastic term, 0.330/E(GeV) in noise term and 0.5% in constant term. The angular resolution is better than 70 mradE(GeV).

The chemical compatibility of wave length shifting fibers with several liquid scintillators has been investigated. Based on systematic characterization of the behavior of the BC-517 family, a time of life of 70–450 years was estimated for the polystyrene based wave length shifting fiber in BC-517P scintillator. Wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers irradiated continuously to a dose of 6.4 Mrads (at .377 Mrad/hr of 60Co) were observed to decrease from 100% to 5% transmission; however, after 100 hours of annealing, the transmission increased to 90%. GEANT3 simulations of a simplified calorimeter located behind a BaF2 electromagnetic calorimeter for the GEM detector at SSC showed that the constant term in the energy resolution will change from 1.8 to 2.9 in five years at 1034 luminosity for pseudorapidity η=3.

Abstract In this study production of isomaltooligosaccharide from potato peels starch was carried out in three steps such as liquefaction, saccharification, and transglycosylation. Further, cloning α-transglucosidase gene from Aspergillus niger (GH31 family), transforming into E. coli BL21 (DE3), overexpressing and purifying the resulting protein for the production of α-transglucosidase. For improved reusability, the generated α-transglucosidase was then bound with magnetic nanoparticles (6 cycles). All the modifications were characterized using the following methods: Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Further The optimum conditions for transglycosylation were determined by RSM as follows: enzyme to substrate ratio 6.9 U/g, reaction time 9 h, temperature 45°C, and pH 5.5 with yield of 70 g/l (±2.1). MALDI-TOF-MS analysis showed DP of the IMOs in ranges of 2-10. The detailed structural characterization of isomaltooligosaccharide by GC-MS and NMR suggested the α-(1→4) and α-(1→6)-D-Glcp residues as major constituents along with minor α-(1→2) and α-(1→3)-D-Glcp residues.

This is a summary of the projects undertaken by the working group I on high energy and collider physics.

This is the summary and introduction to the proceedings contributions for the Les Houches 2009 Tools and Monte Carlo working group.

We study the light output, light collection efficiency and signal timing of a variety of organic scintillators that are being considered for the upgrade of the hadronic calorimeter of the CMS detector. The experimental data are collected at the H2 test-beam area at CERN, using a 150 GeV muon beam. In particular, we investigate the usage of over-doped and green-emitting plastic scintillators, two solutions that have not been extensively considered. We present a study of the energy distribution in plastic-scintillator tiles, the hit efficiency as a function of the hit position, and a study of the signal timing for blue and green scintillators.

The high parton densities at the Large Hadron Collider lead to a probability of occurrence of two or more parton-parton scatterings in a hadron-hadron collision. The possibility of two hard parton-parton scatterings in a hadron collision is known as double parton scattering (DPS) Double Parton Scattering (DPS) . The study of DPS processes, being performed using the various final states at different collision energies using the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, has been presented. The DPS processes play an important role in hadron-hadron collisions as they act as a backgroundBackground to new physics searches. The study of DPS processes provides information on the parton-parton correlations and parton distributions in a hadron.

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a next-generation experimental facility to explore fundamental laws of the Universe. The importance of electron-positron linear colliders as a future experimental facility has been long recognized by the worldwide high energy physics community. A global design team, the Global Design Efforts (GDE), was set up under the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA) for design and coordination of R&D activities of the ILC in 2005, and the ILC Technical Design Report (TDR) was completed in 2013. ICFA then established the Linear Collider Collaboration (LCC) and the Linear Collider Board (LCB) and has continued to support the worldwide efforts for realizing the ILC. Meanwhile, in 2012, KEK and the high energy physics community in Japan proposed that Japan should host the ILC, which was welcomed by the worldwide high energy physics community. Implementation of the ILC project will require strong involvements from international partners due to its scientific importance and large scale. Aspects of international cost sharing and governance of the organization carrying out the ILC project will need to be discussed and agreed at the governmental level. Therefore, KEK established an International Working Group (WG) on the ILC Project in May 2019, inviting scientific experts worldwide* , and asking them to study international aspects of the project implementation from viewpoints of researchers. They were requested to create a report on model of international cost sharing for construction and operation, organization and governance of the ILC Laboratory, and international sharing of the remaining technical preparation. The WG report was submitted to KEK on September 25, 2019. After reviewing the content of the report, KEK decided to make it available within this document entitled “Recommendations on ILC Project Implementation”. This document summarizes the deliberations from researchers’ viewpoints; it does not intend to pre-empt governments and funding agencies. It is hoped that it will be helpful for discussions among governments and funding agencies.

The CMS hadron calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with brass absorber and plastic scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibres for carrying the light to the readout device. The barrel hadron calorimeter is complemented with a outer calorimeter to ensure high energy shower containment in CMS and thus working as a tail catcher. Fabrication, testing and calibrations of the outer hadron calorimeter are carried out keeping in mind its importance in the energy measurement of jets in view of linearity and resolution. It will provide a net improvement in missing measurements at LHC energies. The outer hadron calorimeter has a very good signal to background ratio even for a minimum ionising particle and can hence be used in coincidence with the Resistive Plate Chambers of the CMS detector for the muon trigger.

The LHC experiments will perform a large number of precision measurements. Only W physics and top physics are discussed here. Lepton pair production through Drell Yan process, measurements in Higgs and SUSY sectors, determination of triple gauge boson couplings are also important for precision physics at LHC. Limited knowledge of physics may dictate the final precision.

The LHC potential for observing a light Higgs boson produced through Weak Boson Fusion mode, ${\rm qq}\to {\rm qqH}$, is presented. For non-hadronic decays modes of the Higgs boson the process is identified with a final state containing two energetic forward-backward jets, separated with a large rapidity and a hadronically quiet central region. The use of these properties, combined with special features of some of the decay modes enhances the potential of an early discovery of a light Higgs boson both in the Standard Model and beyond. The recent studies done in the context of CMS experiment are discussed.

Measurements of rare B meson decay properties provide an alternative approach to direct searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. These decays, which proceed through flavor-changing neutral currents, can have interferences from new physics through loop diagrams and hence an excellent probe. In particular, the angular distribution of the decay B→K⁎μ+μ− can be measured to estimate the forward-backward asymmetries of the muons, the longitudinal polarization fractions of K⁎ and the differential branching fractions, as a function of the dimuon invariant mass. Results based on data recorded by the CMS experiment at centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV are presented.

Transverse momentum spectra of vector bosons in Drell-Yan events have always been interesting observables since they test the theoretical description of the process. At lower end the spectrum tests the model of underlying event while the high tail can be compared with predictions from perturbative QCD. However the measurements at LHC are limited due to the resolution in the measurement of momenta of the daughter leptons, electron and muon, in particular. A novel variable phistar has been proposed recently which uses the angular correlation of the lepton pairs from Z decay to probe the transverse momenta the vector boson and hence has less systematic error.

Tau leptons appear in the final state of many important physics processes such as decay of the Higgs boson, supersymmetric particles and additional heavy gauge bosons corresponding to a new symmetry. Thus, tau leptons play a crucial role in LHC physics programme at all energies. Since majority of the tau lepton decays are hadronic, Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN employs a dedicated procedure to reconstruct tau leptons from the light hadrons inside jets. In view of the upcoming LHC run at 13–14 TeV, it is crucial to study the performance of tau reconstruction and identification at high pileup and with the upgraded CMS detector geometry. In this paper, an overview of the results from CMS simulations is presented including the fake rates and their dependence on kinematic variables.

Two hard parton-parton interactions in a single proton-proton (pp) collison lead to double parton scattering (DPS). We investigate DPS in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 7 TeV where the final state includes a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, and two jets. Various observables sensitive to double parton scattering are investigated after being corrected for detector effects and selection efficiencies. The fraction of W + 2-jet events due to double parton scattering as well as the effective transverse area ( $$\sigma _\mathrm{eff}$$ ) of the hard partonic interaction in the pp collision has been measured with the CMS experiment, using data collected at 7 TeV of center-of-mas energy corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $$\mathrm fb^{-1}$$ . Studies for the invariance of $$\sigma _\mathrm{eff}$$ with centre-of-mass energy, scale and different processes will also be presented in this talk, which are performed using the simulated events from Monte Carlo Event generator PYTHIA8.

In high energy proton-proton (pp) collisions at LHC, due to the composite nature of protons, it is possible to have two or more distinct hard parton-parton interactions occuring simultaneously in a single pp collision.

We compare a NLO W gamma matrix element generator with the leading order calculation in Pythia . A matching scheme between a next-to-leading order W gamma matrix element generator by Baur et. al. and the Pythia parton shower is presented. The NLO package produces W gamma+0 jet and W gamma+1jet final states in the hard scattering and the objective is to consistently match these to the initial state radiation from Pythia parton shower. The proposed methodology preserves both the rate of the hard scattering process as well as various kinematic distributions of experimental interest.

The Phase I upgrade of the CMS Hadron Endcap Calorimeters consists of new photodetectors (Silicon Photomultipliers in place of Hybrid Photo-Diodes) and front-end electronics. The upgrade will eliminate the noise and the calibration drift of the Hybrid Photo-Diodes and enable the mitigation of the radiation damage of the scintillators and the wavelength shifting fibers with a larger spectral acceptance of the Silicon Photomultipliers. The upgrade also includes increased longitudinal segmentation of the calorimeter readout, which allows pile-up mitigation and recalibration due to depth-dependent radiation damage. As a realistic operational test, the responses of the Hadron Endcap Calorimeter wedges were calibrated with a 60Co radioactive source with upgrade electronics. The test successfully established the procedure for future source calibrations of the Hadron Endcap Calorimeters. Here we describe the instrumentation details and the operational experiences related to the sourcing test.

The Large Hadron Collider, LHC, though meant for discovery, will provide enough data from early phase to also perform various studies of Standard Model processes in as yet unexplored kinematic regions. Precision measurements of the electroweak variables will be possible due to the large rates of W and Z boson productions combined with clean leptonic signatures. Examples of simulation results from CMS and ATLAS collaboration studies are presented to show the wide variety of measurements possible and how various issues like background estimation, determination of systematic effects will be taken care of by the experiments.

We present here a comparative study of PYTHIA monte carlo event generator and a matrix element calculation by Baur et. al. for W + production at proton-proton collision at the LHC. Baur’s calculation is at NLO containing all diagrams up to O( S) whereas PYTHIA contains diagrams only for the tree level process pp!W . We study how a NLO calculation makes a difference to the W + production mechanism at the LHC and what differences arise due to the use of parton shower modelling of the photon as well as the QCD radiation w.r.t. that from an exact matrix element calculation.

From 2027 onward, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) machine is expected to deliver proton-on-proton collisions with extremely high instantaneous luminosity, at the level of 5 to $$7.5\times 10^{34}$$ cm $$^{-2}$$ s $$^{-1}$$ . This HL-LHC avatar will boost the scientific capability, but will also pose major technical challenges, including trigger for the experiments which selects collision events in real time. The trigger and data acquisition system of CMS experiment will continue to follow a 2-level strategy while increasing the primary hardware maximum rate at level of about 750 kHz with a latency of 12.5 $$\upmu $$ s. The custom-made hardware design for primary level trigger is based on the advanced telecommunications architecture as well as state-of-the-art FPGAs connected via serial optical links running at speeds of up to 25 Gbps. Several types of prototype mezzanine electronic boards, incorporating system-on-chip, to be used in various subsystems of CMS experiment have been fabricated in Indian Industries. The functionality, challenges in fabrication of these boards, and the testing methodology using in-house setup in the lab is discussed briefly.

Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) has seen continuous evolution since its inception. As the LHC experiments prepare for future operations marked by higher production rate of data volume, the need for agile computing resources has also increased many folds. The community has been preparing for these challenges and over the years has been making important upgrades in almost all the aspects of the Grid such as networking, submission infrastructure, storage technologies and information system, to name a few. As one of the Tier-II sites for CMS experiments, TIFR has been part of this technological evolution and upgrades. Taking lead in many areas, we have been contributing to development, testing and deployment in tandem with grid requirements. We highlight key updates undertaken at the India-CMS Grid computing center under the aegis of WLCG.

Measurements concerning electroweak interactions continue to play a very important role, from testing the validity of standard model (SM) at high energies, to probing new physics with precision measurements. At the LHC, several interesting processes involving multiple heavy SM particles have opened up for the first time, providing crucial understanding of the nature of interactions among them. We only discuss interesting aspects of some of the important precision measurements at the LHC. Assuming new physics scale to be very high energy scale, effective field theory analyses at present lead to only moderate constraints on the couplings among various particles.

The typical methods for measuring missing transverse energy (MET) Missing Transverse Energy in an event in CMS experiment at LHC are presented. Tools for calculating the MET uncertainty and correction are studied.

Salient features of the measurements of $$B_{d,s} \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ by LHC experiments are reported including results for the branching fractions and effective lifetime for $$B_s \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ decay.

Shashlik calorimeter prototypes equipped with preshower detector have been tested in 3 T magnetic field with electron beam at CERN-SPS. The signal from electrons increases as much as 11% at 3 T magnetic field. No significant deterioration on the energy resolution as well as the preshower detector performance have been observed.

This is a report of the low energy and flavour physics working group at WHEPP-8, held at the Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India, during 5–16 January 2004.

During the preparatory phase of the International Linear Collider (ILC) project, all technical development and engineering design needed for the start of ILC construction must be completed, in parallel with intergovernmental discussion of governance and sharing of responsibilities and cost. The ILC Preparatory Laboratory (Pre-lab) is conceived to execute the technical and engineering work and to assist the intergovernmental discussion by providing relevant information upon request. It will be based on a worldwide partnership among laboratories with a headquarters hosted in Japan. This proposal, prepared by the ILC International Development Team and endorsed by the International Committee for Future Accelerators, describes an organisational framework and work plan for the Pre-lab. Elaboration, modification and adjustment should be introduced for its implementation, in order to incorporate requirements arising from the physics community, laboratories, and governmental authorities interested in the ILC.

We discuss issues of QCD at the LHC including parton distributions, Monte Carlo event generators, the available next-to-leading order calculations, resummation, photon production, small x physics, double parton scattering, and backgrounds to Higgs production.

The chemical compatibility of wave length shifting fibers with several liquid scintillators has been investigated. Based on systematic characterization of the behavior of the BC-517 family, a time of life of 70{endash}450 years was estimated for the polystyrene based wave length shifting fiber in BC-517P scintillator. WLS (wavelength shifting) fibers irradiated continuously to a dose of 6.4 Mrads (at .377Mrad/hr of Co-60) were observed to decrease from 100% to 5% transmission; however, after 100 hours of annealing, the transmission increased to 90%. Geant simulations of a simplified calorimeter located behind a BaF2 electromagnetic calorimeter for the GEM detector at SSC showed that the constant term in the energy resolution will change from 1.8 to 2.9 in five years at 10{star}{star}34 luminosity for psuedorapidity eta=3.