J. Schulz

We present a new observational campaign, DWARF, aimed at detection of circumbinary extrasolar planets using the timing of the minima of low-mass eclipsing binaries. The observations will be performed within an extensive network of relatively small to medium-size telescopes with apertures of ~20-200 cm. The starting sample of the objects to be monitored contains (i) low-mass eclipsing binaries with M and K components, (ii) short-period binaries with sdB or sdO component, and (iii) post-common-envelope systems containing a WD, which enable to determine minima with high precision. Since the amplitude of the timing signal increases with the orbital period of an invisible third component, the timescale of project is long, at least 5-10 years. The paper gives simple formulas to estimate suitability of individual eclipsing binaries for the circumbinary planet detection. Intrinsic variability of the binaries (photospheric spots, flares, pulsation etc.) limiting the accuracy of the minima timing is also discussed. The manuscript also describes the best observing strategy and methods to detect cyclic timing variability in the minima times indicating presence of circumbinary planets. First test observation of the selected targets are presented.

A simulation study of the energy released by extensive air showers in the form of MHz radiation is performed using the CoREAS simulation code. We develop an efficient method to extract this radiation energy from air-shower simulations. We determine the longitudinal profile of the radiation energy release and compare it to the longitudinal profile of the energy deposit by the electromagnetic component of the air shower. We find that the radiation energy corrected for the geometric dependence of the geomagnetic emission scales quadratically with the energy in the electromagnetic component of the air shower with a second-order dependence on the atmospheric density at the position of the maximum shower development Xmax. In a measurement where Xmax is not accessible, this second order dependence can be approximated using the zenith angle of the incoming direction of the air shower with only a minor loss in accuracy. Our method results in an intrinsic uncertainty of 4% in the determination of the energy in the electromagnetic air-shower component, which is well below current experimental uncertainties.

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Education is of great importance in the context of climate change, as it can promote pro-environmental behaviour. However, climate change education is accompanied by didactic and pedagogical challenges because, among other reasons, climate change is a complex phenomenon and many people have a psychological distance to the topic. A promising approach to face these challenges is inquiry-based learning (IBL), as several studies show. To date, however, there are barely any empirically tested instructional designs, especially for close-to-science IBL, focusing on climate change. The study presented here therefore addresses the question of how a science propaedeutic seminar for upper secondary schools on the regional implications of climate change should be designed to ensure successful learning processes. Based on the design-based research approach, qualitative research methods (focus group discussions, semi-standardised written teacher surveys, and participant observations) were used to identify target-oriented design guidelines and implementation principles for such seminars. In the seminars, 769 students have so far researched different aspects of climate change in their own regions. The identified design guidelines and implementation principles were further operationalised for teaching practice, so that the research generated both a contribution to theory building and an applicable concept for schools.

This contribution presents a novel wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for single stage single lobe progressing cavity pumps. We study the wear-induced material loss of the pump components and the impact of this material loss on the volumetric efficiency. The results are combined with an established backflow model to implement a backflow calculation procedure that is adaptive to wear. We use a laboratory test setup with a highly abrasive fluid and operate a pump from new to worn condition to validate our approach. The obtained measurement data show that the presented virtual sensor is capable of calculating the flow rate of a pump being subject to wear during its regular operation.

Artificial intelligence is reshaping society, but human forces shape AI. Social scientists and humanities experts explore how to harness the interaction, revealing urgent avenues for research and policy.

Abstract This systematic review reports on research investigating the impact of multi‐word unit (MWU) input on young learners' second language (L2) attainment in instructed settings. Recent findings suggest that L2 learners can generalise from MWU input, abstract patterns and employ such schemata productively via slot‐filling, indicating that MWUs are key catalysts of learners' L2 development. Simultaneously, primary school L2 instruction is on the rise worldwide and the importance of MWUs is acknowledged in curricula, teacher education and teaching materials. Therefore, the incentive of this review is to systematically report the state of the art of research regarding the impact of MWU instruction in early L2 teaching contexts. The review covers English, German and French research into typically developing monolingual children aged 5–12 learning an L2 in instructed teaching settings. Only two of the total results ( n = 2233) met the inclusion criteria. Following quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and based on a narrative synthesis of available results, we cannot report trustworthy evidence of the effectiveness of teaching MWUs to young L2 learners. We highlight the lack of research evidence and conclude that existing research lacks robust evidence that MWU input already established in teaching contexts has a measurable effect on specific aspects of students' L2 attainment, such as productive skills. Although we promote MWU's potentially facilitating role in L2 development, we call for more classroom‐based intervention research on MWUs in primary school contexts to enable much‐needed evidence‐based recommendations for L2 teaching to support L2 learning outcomes in primary schools. Context and implications Rationale for this study Research has shown that multi‐word units (MWUs) are key catalysts for L1 and L2 learning. MWUs are crucial to current primary school L2 teaching and their importance is acknowledged in curricula. This review systematically examines the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of MWU instruction on L2 attainment. Why the findings matter Our review cannot report trustworthy evidence of the effectiveness of teaching MWUs to young L2 learners. This lack of evidence is striking since early L2 instruction is on the rise worldwide and MWUs are already integral parts of L2 curricula, teacher education and teaching materials. Implications for the research community and policy makers Given our findings, we call for more research in instructed settings to better understand the impact of MWU input on specific aspects of students' L2 attainment, such as productive skills. Based on such work, researchers could provide policy makers and practitioners with evidence‐based recommendations that help integrate MWU input into L2 curricula and teaching in such a way that is most beneficial for young students' L2 attainment.

We have examined muon data collected with the IMB (Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven) proton-decay detector in search of a muon flux associated with the x-ray binary Cygnus X-3. A sample of 3.6×104 muons from the direction of Cygnus X-3 during the period September 1982 until April 1984 shows no evidence of its characteristic 4.8-h periodicity. In the phase interval 0.65 to 0.90 where a signal has been reported by other workers at a similar depth we obtain a 90%-confidence-level limit to the flux of 6.9×10−11 cm−2sec−1 for a depth of 1800 m water equivalent. This limit does not conflict with the reported signal. Three subsets of the data taken during Cygnus X-3 radio bursts have been separately analyzed. We find some evidence for an excess in the phase interval 0.50–0.60 at the time of the October 1983 outburst. We examine this excess in detail.Received 8 December 1986DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.36.30©1987 American Physical Society

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is an extension of the Pierre Auger Observatory. It is used to detect radio emission from extensive air showers in the 30 - 80 MHz frequency band. A focus of interest is the dependence of the radio emission on shower parameters such as the energy and the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum. After three phases of deployment, AERA now consists of 153 autonomous radio stations with different spacings, covering an area of about 17 km$^2$. The size, station spacings, and geographic location at the same site or near other Auger extensions, are all targeted at cosmic ray energies above 10$^{17}$ eV. The array allows us to explore different technical schemes to measure the radio emission as well as to cross calibrate our measurements with the established baseline detectors of the Auger Observatory. We present the most recent technological developments and selected experimental results obtained with AERA.

A simulation study of the energy released by extensive air showers in the form of MHz radiation is performed using the CoREAS simulation code. We develop an efficient method to extract this radiation energy from air-shower simulations. We determine the longitudinal profile of the radiation energy release and compare it to the longitudinal profile of the energy deposit by the electromagnetic component of the air shower. We find that the radiation energy corrected for the geometric dependence of the geomagnetic emission scales quadratically with the energy in the electromagnetic component of the air shower with a second order dependency on the atmospheric density at the position of the maximum of the shower development Xmax. In a measurement where Xmax is not accessible, this second order dependence can be approximated using the zenith angle of the incoming direction of the air shower with only a minor deterioration in accuracy. This method results in an intrinsic uncertainty of 4% with respect to the electromagnetic shower energy which is well below current experimental uncertainties.

Abstract The position of light adsorbates such as hydrogen isotopes on a crystal surface can be investigated by direct recoil detection. Together with low energy ion scattering from the substrate adsorption sites can be identified. By these means the adsorption of H on Ru(001) was studied using 1.5 keV Ne + ions. At 138 K adsorption in a threefold coordinated hollow position was found, the hydrogen being at a distance of 1.01 ± 0.07 A above the topmost Ru layer. This distance is larger at 300 K and no lateral ordering was detected at this temperature, indicating a high mobility of hydrogen under these conditions. The experimental results are confirmed by numerical simulations using the computer code MARLOWE.

In this thesis a search for electroweak production of gauginos in the theoretical context of gauge mediated supersymmetry is presented. Under the assumption of a bino-like mixture of the gauge eigenstates of the lightest neutralino, being the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle in this analysis, decays of the lightest neutralino into a photon and a gravitino are highly preferred. Due to R-parity conservation, the gravitino is stable. Since it does not interact with the detector, an increased amount of missing transverse energy is expected in the event. The search is performed using a parked dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.4 fb−1, recorded by the CMS detector during the proton-proton collisions at the LHC in 2012. The search strategy is focused on selecting high energetic photons accompanied by significantly high genuine missing transverse energy. Due to the focus on electroweak production, the event selection favors final states with a moderate amount of hadronic activity, complementing the classical single photon analysis. The analysis uses data to model the contribution of the dominant standard model background processes by using a Monte-Carlo normalization and a fully data-driven method. The control and signal regions are defined using the 6ET significance and the transverse mass of the leading photon and the missing transverse energy, resulting in an excellent separation of background and signal events together with good conditions for the development of the analysis in the control region. Sufficiently small uncertainties are achieved, ensuring sensitivity to new physics in the signal region. Good agreement between standard model prediction and measurement is observed in the final selection. Four statistically independent search channels are defined to perform a statistical interpretation of the results. A general gauge mediation signal scenario with electroweak production is used to calculate upper cross-section limits at 95% confidence level. The calculated exclusion limits indicate a significant improvement of the currently best exclusion limits in the phase space examined by the analysis.

In community detection, datasets often suffer a sampling bias for which nodes which would normally have a high affinity appear to have zero affinity. This happens for example when two affine users of a social network were not exposed to one another. Community detection on this kind of data suffers then from considering affine nodes as not affine. To solve this problem, we explicitly model the (non-) exposure mechanism in a Bayesian community detection framework, by introducing a set of additional hidden variables. Compared to approaches which do not model exposure, our method is able to better reconstruct the input graph, while maintaining a similar performance in recovering communities. Importantly, it allows to estimate the probability that two nodes have been exposed, a possibility not available with standard models.

We have measured the phonon-electron attenuation αPE (10) in Cu single crystals of widely different purity (20

Tagungsbericht zur Internationalen Konferenz Kant and Republicanism, Universität Hamburg vom 8.–10. April 2014-----Bibliographie: Schulz, Johannes: Kant, ein Republikaner?, ZPTh, 2-2014, S. 291-295. https://doi.org/10.3224/zpth.v5i2.17129

Eines der Schlagworter, das die Hochschullehre in den letzten Jahren fur sich entdeckt hat, ist das Blended Learning. Nach einer Ernuchterung uber das Potential von eLearning, setzte sich die Idee der Kombination aus Prasenzlehre und eLearning immer starker durch . Die Entstehung zahlreicher universitarer eLearning- und Blended-Learning-Zentren tritt den Beweis dafur an, dass die Erganzung des herkommlichen Hochschulunterrichts durch eLearning-Einheiten nicht mehr nur das Steckenpferd einiger technikaffiner Dozenten ist, sondern weitreichende Akzeptanz an Hochschulen gefunden hat. Die Universitiit Wurzburg hat 2007 mit dem Beginn ihres Blended-Learning-Projekts entschieden, der Hochschuldidaktik einen hoheren Stellenwert einzuraumen und der Entwicklung neuer Systeme damit Tur und Tor zu offnen. Inzwischen ist nicht nur die Lernplattform Moodle unter der Bezeichnung WueCampus universitatsweit etabliert. Im Zuge des Blended-Learning-Projekts wurde auch ein computerbasiertes System fur fallbasierte Trainingseinheiten (CaseTrain) entwickelt, das die Prasenzlehre in fast allen Fakultaten unterstutzt und damit problembasiertes Lernen aus der Medizin und den Rechtswissenschaften in andere Fakultaten tragt. Auch die Universitatsbibliothek hat schnell das Potential dieser Software fur die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz erkannt und setzt das System seit 2008 mit zunehmender Akzeptanz bei den Studierenden ein.

We study time averages of single particle trajectories in scale free anomalous diffusion processes, in which the measurement starts at some time t_a>0 after initiation of the process at the time origin, t=0. Using ageing renewal theory we show that for such non-stationary processes a large class of observables are affected by a unique ageing function, which is independent of boundary conditions or the external forces. We quantify the weakly non-ergodic nature of this process in terms of the distribution of time averages and the ergodicity breaking parameter which both explicitly depend on the ageing time t_a. Consequences for the interpretation of single particle tracking data are discussed.

This systematic review reports on research investigating the effectiveness of multi-word unit (MWU) input in instructed foreign language (FL) settings on young learners’ L2 attainment. Recent findings suggest that L2 learners can generalise from MWU input, abstract patterns and employ such schemata productively via slot-filling, indicating that MWUs are key catalysts of learners’ L2 development. At the same time, primary school L2 instruction is on the rise worldwide. Congruously, the importance of MWUs in L2 development is acknowledged in primary school curricula, teacher education and teaching materials: MWUs are considered crucial in the L2 classroom. Therefore, the incentive of this review is to systematically report the state of the art of research regarding the impact of MWU instruction in early L2 teaching contexts. The review covers English, German and French research into typically developing monolingual children aged 5 to 12 learning FLs in instructed teaching settings. Only two of the total results (n=2,233) met the inclusion criteria. Following quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and based on a narrative synthesis of available results, we cannot report trustworthy evidence of the effectiveness of teaching MWUs to young L2 learners. We conclude that the extant research lacks robust evidence that MWU input already established in teaching contexts has a measurable effect on specific aspects of students’ L2 attainment, such as productive skills. While we promote MWU’s potential facilitating role in L2 development, we call for more classroom-based intervention research on MWUs in primary school contexts to enable much needed evidence-based recommendations for L2 teaching to support L2 learning outcomes in primary schools.

Zusammenfassung Die moderne Welt ist gekennzeichnet durch eine fortschreitende Technologisierung und einen steten Wandel. Die damit einhergehenden Anforderungen lassen neue Fähigkeiten relevant werden. Diese häufig als 21 st Century Skills bezeichneten Fähigkeiten umfassen unter anderem das sogenannte Critical Thinking. Der Begriff selbst entzieht sich dabei aber bisher einer einheitlichen und umfassenden Definition. Dieser Artikel verfolgt daher das Ziel, den Begriff Critical Thinking in seinen verschiedenen Facetten und Praxisausprägungen zu erläutern. Dafür werden zunächst Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, die sich dem Critical Thinking zuordnen lassen, aus einer theoretischen Perspektive betrachtet, die Relevanz dieser Fähigkeiten in Bezug auf die MINT-Fächer herausgearbeitet und Querverbindungen zu verwandten Konzepten hergestellt. Ein anschließender Praxisteil illustriert an drei Beispielen, dass und wie Critical Thinking in konkrete Lernsituationen integriert werden kann. Insgesamt stellt dieser Beitrag damit ein Plädoyer dafür dar, Critical Thinking nicht als ein lästiges, auch noch zu beachtendes Unterrichtsziel zu verstehen, sondern vielmehr als einen integralen Bestandteil des MINT-Lernens der Zukunft.

Searches for new physics in events with one or more photons and missing transverse momentum produced in proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment during the CERN LHC Run2 operations (2016) are presented. The results of four searches are statistically combined and interpreted in the context of gauge-mediated supersymmetry models. A search for supersymmetry in events with at least one photon, missing transverse momentum, and large hadronic activity is presented, exploiting the b-jet multiplicity of the signal events.

Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference North Central Branch-Entomological Society of America Minneapolis, Minnesota, March 25–27, 1970 J. T. Schulz J. T. Schulz Secretary-Treasurer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 16, Issue 3, 15 September 1970, Page 171, https://doi.org/10.1093/besa/16.3.171 Published: 15 September 1970

We present a virtual sensor that estimates the flow rate in progressing cavity pumps. The approach uses a model for the interaction of rotor and stator inside the pump, combined with easy-to-acquire measurements. The proposed approach is adaptive in that it adjusts the model parameters online when the pump characteristics change, e.g., due to wear. We validate the presented approach with a laboratory test setup.

The wear and failure of pin joints integrated in coupling rods of process equipment can lead to unpredictable breakdown with severe consequences. We present a simple algorithm for a non-invasive online detection of wear in pin joints where a progressing cavity pump serves as an example. The algorithm only requires a pressure sensor and a binary speed signal of the motor. We verify the algorithm with a laboratory test setup and an embedded system. The results show that the proposed algorithm can reliably monitor joint wear during regular pump operation.

No AccessViertes Kapitel: Auswirkung der Religionskämpfe in Deutschland auf das an Schlesien grenzende deutsche Siedlungsgebiet in Polenhttps://doi.org/10.7788/9783412310172-012SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverVolume 7 1ISBN: 978-3-412-04175-5 eISBN: 978-3-412-31017-2HistoryPublished online:July 2018 PDF download

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No AccessStammtafel der Familie Schulzhttps://doi.org/10.7788/9783412310172-023SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverVolume 7 1ISBN: 978-3-412-04175-5 eISBN: 978-3-412-31017-2HistoryPublished online:July 2018 PDF download

No AccessViertes Kapitel: Kirche und kirchliches Leben in Schwetzkauhttps://doi.org/10.7788/9783412310172-016SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverVolume 7 1ISBN: 978-3-412-04175-5 eISBN: 978-3-412-31017-2HistoryPublished online:July 2018 PDF download

No AccessErstes Kapitel: Die Zeit von 1793 bis 1815https://doi.org/10.7788/9783412310172-018SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverVolume 7 1ISBN: 978-3-412-04175-5 eISBN: 978-3-412-31017-2HistoryPublished online:July 2018 PDF download

No AccessZweites Kapitel: Während des Zweiten Weltkriegeshttps://doi.org/10.7788/9783412310172-021SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverVolume 7 1ISBN: 978-3-412-04175-5 eISBN: 978-3-412-31017-2HistoryPublished online:July 2018 PDF download

No AccessErstes Kapitel: Die Reformation in Polenhttps://doi.org/10.7788/9783412310172-009SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverVolume 7 1ISBN: 978-3-412-04175-5 eISBN: 978-3-412-31017-2HistoryPublished online:July 2018 PDF download

No AccessDrittes Kapitel: Die Geschichte der deutschen Siedler unter polnischer Herrschafthttps://doi.org/10.7788/9783412310172-007SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverVolume 7 1ISBN: 978-3-412-04175-5 eISBN: 978-3-412-31017-2HistoryPublished online:July 2018 PDF download

We have examined muon data collected with the IMB (Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven) proton-decay detector in search of a muon flux associated with the x-ray binary Cygnus X-3. A sample of 3.6 x 10/sup 4/ muons from the direction of Cygnus X-3 during the period September 1982 until April 1984 shows no evidence of its characteristic 4.8-h periodicity. In the phase interval 0.65 to 0.90 where a signal has been reported by other workers at a similar depth we obtain a 90%-confidence-level limit to the flux of 6.9 x 10/sup -11/ cm/sup -2/sec/sup -1/ for a depth of 1800 m water equivalent. This limit does not conflict with the reported signal. Three subsets of the data taken during Cygnus X-3 radio bursts have been separately analyzed. We find some evidence for an excess in the phase interval 0.50--0.60 at the time of the October 1983 outburst. We examine this excess in detail.