Julie Malclès

We update the profile of the CKM matrix. The apex (rhobar,etabar) of the Unitarity Triangle is given by means of a global fit. We propose to include therein sin2alpha from the CP-violating asymmetries in B0->rho+rho-, using isospin to discriminate the penguin contribution. The constraint from epsilon'/epsilon is briefly discussed. We study the impact from the measurement of the rare decay K+->pi+nunu-bar, and from a future observation of KL->pi0nunubar. The B system is investigated in detail, beginning with 2beta+gamma and gamma from B0->D(*)+-pi-+ and B+->D(*)0K+. A significant part of this paper is dedicated to B decays into pipi, Kpi, rhopi and rhorho. Various phenomenological and theoretical approaches are studied. Within QCD Factorization we find a remarkable agreement of the pipi and Kpi data with the other UT constraints. A fit of QCD FA to all pipi and Kpi data leads to precise predictions of the related observables. We analyze separately the B->Kpi decays, and in particular the impact of electroweak penguins in response to recent phenomenological discussions. We find no significant constraint on electroweak nor hadronic parameters. We do not observe any unambiguous sign of New Physics, whereas there is some evidence for potentially large rescattering effects. Finally we use a model-independent description of a large class of New Physics effects in both BBbar mixing and B decays, namely in the b->d and b->s gluonic penguin amplitudes, to perform a new numerical analysis. Significant non-standard corrections cannot be excluded yet, however standard solutions are favored in most cases.

A new type of ring-imaging Cherenkov detector is being used for hadronic particle identification in the BaBar experiment at the SLAC B Factory (PEP-II). This detector is called DIRC, an acronym for Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov (Light). This paper will discuss the construction, operation and performance of the BaBar DIRC in detail.

The result of a search at the LHC for heavy stable charged particles produced in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\;{\text{TeV}} $ is described. The data sample was collected with the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb−1. Momentum and ionization-energy-loss measurements in the inner tracker detector are used to identify tracks compatible with heavy slow-moving particles. Additionally, tracks passing muon identification requirements are also analyzed for the same signature. In each case, no candidate passes the selection, with an expected background of less than 0.1 events. A lower limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of a stable gluino is set at 398GeV/c 2, using a conventional model of nuclear interactions that allows charged hadrons containing this particle to reach the muon detectors. A lower limit of 311 GeV/c 2 is also set for a stable gluino in a conservative scenario of complete charge suppression, where any hadron containing this particle becomes neutral before reaching the muon detectors.

Hadronic event shapes have been measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV, with a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 inverse picobarns. Event-shape distributions, corrected for detector response, are compared with five models of QCD multijet production.

A measurement of the top-antitop production cross section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV has been performed at the LHC with the CMS detector. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns and is based on the reconstruction of the final state with one isolated, high transverse-momentum electron or muon and three or more hadronic jets. The kinematic properties of the events are used to separate the top-antitop signal from W+jets and QCD multijet background events. The measured cross section is 173 + 39 - 32 (stat. + syst.) pb, consistent with standard model expectations.

The charge asymmetry in the production of top quark and antiquark pairs is measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 inverse femtobarns, were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Events with a single isolated electron or muon, and four or more jets, at least one of which is likely to have originated from hadronization of a bottom quark, are selected. A template technique is used to measure the asymmetry in the distribution of differences in the top quark and antiquark absolute rapidities. The measured asymmetry is A[c,y] = [0.33 +/- 0.26 (stat) +/- 0.33 (syst)]%, which is the most precise result to date. The results are compared to calculations based on the standard model and on several beyond-the-standard-model scenarios.

This note documents predictions for the inclusive production cross sections of the Standard Model Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre of mass energy of 13.6 TeV. The predictions here are based on simple extrapolations of previously documented predictions published in the CERN Yellow Report "Deciphering the Nature of the Higgs Sector". The predictions documented in this note should serve as a reference while a more complete and update-to-date derivation of cross section predictions is in progress.

A search is performed for the production of a massive W′ boson decaying to a top and a bottom quark. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV. The hadronic decay products of the top quark with high Lorentz boost from the W′ boson decay are detected as a single top flavoured jet. The use of jet substructure algorithms allows the top quark jet to be distinguished from standard model QCD background. Limits on the production cross section of a right-handed W′ boson are obtained, together with constraints on the left-handed and right-handed couplings of the W′ boson to quarks. The production of a right-handed W′ boson with a mass below 2.02 TeV decaying to a hadronic final state is excluded at 95% confidence level. This mass limit increases to 2.15 TeV when both hadronic and leptonic decays are considered, and is the most stringent lower mass limit to date in the tb decay mode.

Abstract Data-driven methods are widely used to overcome shortcomings of Monte Carlo simulations (lack of statistics, mismodeling of processes, etc.) in experimental high energy physics. A precise description of background processes is crucial to reach the optimal sensitivity for a measurement. However, the selection of the control region used to describe the background process in a region of interest biases the distribution of some physics observables, rendering the use of such observables impossible in a physics analysis. Rather than discarding these events and/or observables, we propose a novel method to generate physics objects compatible with the region of interest and properly describing the correlations with the rest of the event properties. We use a generative adversarial network (GAN) for this task, as GANs are among the best generator models for various applications. We illustrate the method by generating a new misidentified photon for the $$\gamma + \textrm{jets}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>jets</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> background of the $$\textrm{H}\rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> analysis at the CERN LHC, and demonstrate that this GAN generator is able to produce a coherent object correlated with the different properties of the rest of the event.

The precise reconstruction of properties of photons and electrons in modern high energy physics detectors, such as the CMS or Atlas experiments, plays a crucial role in numerous physics results. Conventional geometrical algorithms are used to reconstruct the energy and position of these particles from the showers they induce in the electromagnetic calorimeter. Despite their accuracy and efficiency, these methods still suffer from several limitations, such as low-energy background and limited capacity to reconstruct close-by particles. This paper introduces an innovative machine-learning technique to measure the energy and position of photons and electrons based on convolutional and graph neural networks, taking the geometry of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter as an example. The developed network demonstrates a significant improvement in resolution both for photon energy and position predictions compared to the algorithm used in CMS. Notably, one of the main advantages of this new approach is its ability to better distinguish between multiple close-by electromagnetic showers.

Constraining CKM parameters from charmless hadronic B decays requires methods for addressing the hadronic uncertainties. A complete technique is presented, using relations between amplitudes in the B, Bs -> pipi, Kpi, KK system obtained in the exact SU(3) symmetry limit, without having to neglect annihilation/exchange topologies. Naive SU(3)-breaking effects in the decay amplitudes are taken into account, through the inclusion of pi and K decay constants in the normalisations and conservative theoretical errors. Already with the limited set of observables currently available, significant constraints on the CKM parameters are obtained. Also, subsets of observables are shown to bring non trivial constraints on the CKM angles alpha and beta, in agreement with analytical solutions that we derive. Finally, the future physics potential of this method is estimated, in light of the increased precision of measurements from the current B-factories, and the inclusion of several new observables from Bs decays expected to be provided by the LHC experiments.

A search for massive resonances decaying to a Z boson and a photon is performed in events with a hadronically decaying Z boson candidate, separately in light-quark and b quark decay modes, identified using jet substructure and advanced b tagging techniques. Results are based on samples of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at center-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and 2.7 inverse femtobarns, respectively. The results of the search are combined with those of a similar search in the leptonic decay modes of the Z boson, based on the same data sets. Spin-0 resonances with various widths and with masses in a range between 0.2 and 3.0 TeV are considered. No significant excess is observed either in the individual analyses or the combination. The results are presented in terms of upper limits on the production cross section of such resonances and constitute the most stringent limits to date for a wide range of masses.

The inelastic hadronic cross section in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.6 +/- 0.4 inverse nanobarns, has been collected with an unbiased trigger for inclusive particle production. The cross section is obtained from the measured number of proton-lead collisions with hadronic activity produced in the pseudorapidity ranges 3<abs(eta)<5 and/or -5<abs(eta)<-3, corrected for photon-induced contributions, experimental acceptance, and other instrumental effects. The inelastic cross section is measured to be sigma[inel,pPb]=2061 +/- 3 (stat) +/- 34 (syst) +/- 72 (lum) mb. Various Monte Carlo generators, commonly used in heavy ion and cosmic ray physics, are found to reproduce the data within uncertainties. The value of sigma[inel,pPb] is compatible with that expected from the proton-proton cross section at 5.02 TeV scaled up within a simple Glauber approach to account for multiple scatterings in the lead nucleus, indicating that further net nuclear corrections are small.

A measurement of the ttbar production cross section at sqrt(s)=13 TeV is presented using proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Final states with one isolated charged lepton (electron or muon) and at least one jet are selected and categorized according to the accompanying jet multiplicity. From a likelihood fit to the invariant mass distribution of the isolated lepton and a jet identified as coming from the hadronization of a bottom quark, the cross section is measured to be sigma(ttbar)= 835 +/- 3 (stat) +/- 23 (syst) +/- 23 (lum) pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction. Using the expected dependence of the cross section on the pole mass of the top quark (m[t]), the value of m[t] is found to be 172.7+2.4-2.7 GeV.

Data-driven methods are widely used to overcome shortcomings of Monte Carlo simulations (lack of statistics, mismodeling of processes, etc.) in experimental high energy physics. A precise description of background processes is crucial to reach the optimal sensitivity for a measurement. However, the selection of the control region used to describe the background process in a region of interest biases the distribution of some physics observables, rendering the use of such observables impossible in a physics analysis. Rather than discarding these events and/or observables, we propose a novel method to generate physics objects compatible with the region of interest and properly describing the correlations with the rest of the event properties. We use a generative adversarial network (GAN) for this task, as GANs are among the best generator models for various applications. We illustrate the method by generating a new misidentified photon for the $γ+ \mathrm{jets}$ background of the $\mathrm{H}\toγγ$ analysis at the CERN LHC, and demonstrate that this GAN generator is able to produce a coherent object correlated with the different properties of the rest of the event.

Measurements of the modes B → ππ and B → ρρ and their implications on the angle a of the CKM unitarity triangle are presented. Results of the Dalitz analysis of the modes B → D(*)0K(*) and the derived constraints on the angle γ are then shown. These measurements are based on a sample of approximately 230.106 B pairs taken at the Υ(4S) resonance collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP‐II asymmetric‐energy beam factory at SLAC.

L'analyse des modes B+/- -> pi+/- pi0 et B+/- -> K+/- pi0 a ete menee avec un echantillon de donnees de 205 fb-1 correspondant a environ 227 millions de paires de mesons B, collectees par le detecteur BABAR. Les rapports d'embranchement et les asymetries de CP obtenus sont: B( B+/- -> pi+/- pi0) = (5.57 +/- 0.60 +/- 0.33) 10E-6 B( B+/- -> K+/- pi0) = (11.50 +/- 0.65 +/- 0.57) 10E-6 Acp( B+/- -> pi+/- pi0) = -0.01 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.02 Acp( B+/- -> K+/- pi0)= 0.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.01 Les contraintes sur l'angle le triangle d'unitarite par les analyses d'isospin des modes pi pi et K pi ont ete etudiees. Des contraintes plus significatives ont ete obtenues avec la symetrie SU(3) pour les modes B, Bs -> pipi/ Kpi / KK. Elles sont en bon accord avec l'ajustement CKM standard. Dans le futur une telle analyse pourrait entrer en competition avec l'ajustement CKM standard, et permettre de determiner des parametres de Nouvelle Physique ou de brisure de SU(3) a partir des donnees.

Constraining CKM parameters from charmless hadronic B decays requires methods for addressing the hadronic uncertainties. A complete technique is presented, using relations between amplitudes in the B, Bs -&gt; pipi, Kpi, KK system obtained in the exact SU(3) symmetry limit, without having to neglect annihilation/exchange topologies. Naive SU(3)-breaking effects in the decay amplitudes are taken into account, through the inclusion of pi and K decay constants in the normalisations and conservative theoretical errors. Already with the limited set of observables currently available, significant constraints on the CKM parameters are obtained. Also, subsets of observables are shown to bring non trivial constraints on the CKM angles alpha and beta, in agreement with analytical solutions that we derive. Finally, the future physics potential of this method is estimated, in light of the increased precision of measurements from the current B-factories, and the inclusion of several new observables from Bs decays expected to be provided by the LHC experiments.