J. King

This paper describes the mechanical design, the readout chain, the production, testing and the installation of the Silicon Microstrip Tracker of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. In addition, we describe the performance and operational experience of the detector during the experiment data collection between 2001 and 2010.

The luminosity of a 210Po source has been detected using a photomultiplier technique. It is also found that photons are produced in air, glass and quartz when these materials are irradiated by α-particles. It is shown that the `scintillations' observed by Richards and Cole probably originated in these materials, and not in the various thin films to which they were ascribed.

Measurement-based quantum error correction relies on the ability to determine the state of a subset of qubits (ancillae) within a processor without revealing or disturbing the state of the remaining qubits. Among neutral-atom based platforms, a scalable, high-fidelity approach to mid-circuit measurement that retains the ancilla qubits in a state suitable for future operations has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, we perform imaging using a narrow-linewidth transition in an array of tweezer-confined $^{171}$Yb atoms to demonstrate nondestructive state-selective and site-selective detection. By applying site-specific light shifts, selected atoms within the array can be hidden from imaging light, which allows a subset of qubits to be measured while causing only percent-level errors on the remaining qubits. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of conditional operations based on the results of the mid-circuit measurements, and of our ability to reuse ancilla qubits, we perform conditional refilling of ancilla sites to correct for occasional atom loss, while maintaining the coherence of data qubits. Looking towards true continuous operation, we demonstrate loading of a magneto-optical trap with a minimal degree of qubit decoherence.

The MIP Timing Detector will provide additional timing capabilities for detection of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) at CMS during the High Luminosity LHC era, improving event reconstruction and pileup rejection. The central portion of the detector, the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL), will be instrumented with LYSO:Ce crystals and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) providing a time resolution of about 30 ps at the beginning of operation, and degrading to 50-60 ps at the end of the detector lifetime as a result of radiation damage. In this work, we present the results obtained using a 120 GeV proton beam at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility to measure the time resolution of unirradiated sensors. A proof-of-concept of the sensor layout proposed for the barrel region of the MTD, consisting of elongated crystal bars with dimensions of about 3 x 3 x 57 mm$^3$ and with double-ended SiPM readout, is demonstrated. This design provides a robust time measurement independent of the impact point of the MIP along the crystal bar. We tested LYSO:Ce bars of different thickness (2, 3, 4 mm) with a geometry close to the reference design and coupled to SiPMs manufactured by Hamamatsu and Fondazione Bruno Kessler. The various aspects influencing the timing performance such as the crystal thickness, properties of the SiPMs (e.g. photon detection efficiency), and impact angle of the MIP are studied. A time resolution of about 28 ps is measured for MIPs crossing a 3 mm thick crystal bar, corresponding to an MPV energy deposition of 2.6 MeV, and of 22 ps for the 4.2 MeV MPV energy deposition expected in the BTL, matching the detector performance target for unirradiated devices.

<h3>Introduction</h3> The common cause of medial midfoot pain following acute trauma usually, either pronatory or inversion sprain is due to tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction, tibialis posterior tendinopathy, Os naviculare syndrome, stress fracture of the navicular and Lisfranc ligament injury. These are disabling conditions which are often treated in isolation. <h3>Crisp-Padhiar syndrome</h3> We present a case history which highlights the complexity of the problem and discuss the findings of subsequent series of 42 patients who presented with post-traumatic medial midfoot pain. In Crisp-Padhiar syndrome patients present with combination of the following: (1) trauma, (2) presence of Os naviculare, (3) tibialis posterior tendinopathy, (4) tibialis posterior dysfunction, (5) acquired flatfoot, (6) Os naviculare synchondrosis and (7) anomalous tibialis posterior tendon attachment of Os naviculare. The treatment of choice in the initial stage is to stabilise the medial structures in Aircast Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction brace for 6 weeks, followed by intensive physiotherapy and dependent on reduction of symptoms and degree of flat footedness, consider fluoroscopy guided tendon distension injection and introduction of customised carbon fibre foot orthoses. Surgery was performed only in two patients who did not respond to conservative management.

Background: Achillodynia is common and includesAchilles tendinopathy, partial Achilles tears and Achilles tendon ruptures.However, we believe an additional pathology should be considered for Achillodynia differentials -the intratendinous tear (ITT).Methods: Examinations of 740 achillodynic patients in one specialist centre were reviewed.ITTs were defined as a clearly visualised echopoor area situated centrally and extending to, but not through the tendon periphery, with pain on palpation and no clinical findings consistent with Achilles rupture.Descriptive statistics were used to analyse differences between pathological sub-groups, and images described qualitatively. Results: 5% (29 males, 8 females) of 740 patients had an ITT.Patients typically presented with a history of sudden onset localised pain and the ability to train but not reach maximal loading.Average age was 36.3 years (range 20-64), significantly lower than mid-tendon tendinopathy (8.48 years; p<0.01).92% had concurrent Achilles tendinopathy.Elite sportspeople were more highly represented in the ITT than mid-tendon tendi nopathy groups (86.2%ITT group vs 13.8% mid-tendon AT group; p<0.01).Conclusions: ITTs should be actively searched for in patients with Achilles pathology, especially in elite male athletes with a history of high-impact pain.Prospective research is warranted concerning diagnosis and management.Level of evidence: IV.

Microcalorimeter detectors based on transition-edge sensors coupled to a bulk absorber are an emerging technology for hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray measurements. Monte Carlo simulations codes, like GEANT4, can be a valuable tool for evaluating detector design ideas, interpreting measured data, and predicting detector performance. We report on initial attempts to reproduce measured microcalorimeter data with GEANT4 simulations.