H. Liao

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7\ \mathrm{TeV}$ corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb−1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-k t algorithm with distance parameters R=0.4 or R=0.6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta p T≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities |η|<4.5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2.5 % in the central calorimeter region (|η|<0.8) for jets with 60≤p T<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for p T<30 GeV in the most forward region 3.2≤|η|<4.5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon p T, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-p T jets recoiling against a high-p T jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-p T jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined.

Very large third-order optical nonlinearity, χ(3)∼2.5×10−6 esu, measured by a degenerate four wave mixing method using a short pulse (70 picosecond) laser, has been found in the rapid-thermal annealed Au:SiO2 composite films at concentrations below the Au percolation threshold. The dependence of the χ(3) on Au concentration, p, follows a cubic power law. The maximum figure of merit, χ(3)/α (with α being the absorption coefficient) is about 10−11 esu cm. We explain this result as due to local field enhancement arising from the Mie resonance of the Au nanoclusters, with strong interaction between the nanoclusters further promoting the effect.

A partial wave analysis is presented of J/ψ→ϕπ+π− and ϕK+K− from a sample of 58M J/ψ events in the BES II detector. The f0(980) is observed clearly in both sets of data, and parameters of the Flatté formula are determined accurately: M=965±8(stat)±6(syst)MeV/c2, g1=165±10±15MeV/c2, g2/g1=4.21±0.25±0.21. The ϕππ data also exhibit a strong ππ peak centred at M=1335MeV/c2. It may be fitted with f2(1270) and a dominant 0+ signal made from f0(1370) interfering with a smaller f0(1500) component. There is evidence that the f0(1370) signal is resonant, from interference with f2(1270). There is also a state in ππ with M=1790−30+40MeV/c2 and Γ=270−30+60MeV/c2; spin 0 is preferred over spin 2. This state, f0(1790), is distinct from f0(1710). The ϕKK¯ data contain a strong peak due to f2′(1525). A shoulder on its upper side may be fitted by interference between f0(1500) and f0(1710).

The wavelength dependence of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities, χ(3), of the Au:TiO2 composite films with Au concentration varying from 15% to 60% (volume fraction), was measured by a degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) technique using a probe laser with a pulse width of 200 fs. It was found that, with the wavelength of the probe laser close to the surface plasmon resonance (∼680 nm), both the χ(3) and the figure of merit, χ(3)/α (α is optical absorption coefficient) were significantly enhanced. The maximum value of the χ(3) was 6×10−7 esu and occurred at an Au concentration of about 38%. Femtosecond time-resolved DFWM measurements revealed that the response time of the optical nonlinearity in the Au:TiO2 films is extremely fast. The time-resolved DFWM results suggest that the main physical mechanism involved in the optical nonlinearity in Au:TiO2 films on the femtoseconds time scale is the interband electric–dipole transition, and the hot electron excitation only partially contributes to the χ(3) on the femtosecond time scale and it becomes dominant only in the picosecond region.

The decay channel J/psi --> gamma(pi)(+)pi(-)eta is analyzed using a sample of 5.8 x 10(7) J/psi events collected with the BESII detector. A resonance, the Chi(1835), is observed in the pi(+)pi(-)eta invariant-mass spectrum with a statistical significance of 7.7 sigma. A fit with a Breit-Wigner function yields a mass M = 1833.7 +/- 6.1(stat) +/- 2.7(syst) MeV/c(2), a width Tau = 67.7 +/- 20.3(stat) +/- 7.7(syst) MeV/c(2), and a product branching fraction B(J/psi --> gammaChi) . B(Chi --> pi(+)pi(-)eta) = [2.2 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.4(syst)] x 10(-4). The mass and width of the Chi(1835) are not compatible with any known meson resonance. Its properties are consistent with expectations for the state that produces the strong pp mass threshold enhancement observed in the J/psi --> gammapp process at BESII.

A search for doubly-charged Higgs bosons decaying to pairs of electrons and/or muons is presented. The search is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1 of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Pairs of prompt, isolated, high-pT leptons with the same electric charge (ee, emu, mumu) are selected, and their invariant mass distribution is searched for a narrow resonance. No significant excess over Standard Model background expectations is observed, and limits are placed on the cross section times branching ratio for pair production of doubly-charged Higgs bosons. The masses of doubly-charged Higgs bosons are constrained depending on the branching ratio into these leptonic final states. Assuming pair production, coupling to left-handed fermions, and a branching ratio of 100% for each final state, masses below 409 GeV, 375 GeV, and 398 GeV are excluded for ee, emu, mumu, respectively.

The nonlinear accelerated degradation severely limits the lifetime of fuel cells. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of polarization processes during accelerated performance degradation. The double trap model is applied to reveal kinetic degradation, and an equivalent circuit model based on the distribution of relaxation times is proposed to identify and quantify the polarization loss and low-frequency inductive loop. Combined with monitoring dynamic voltage, the results show that the accelerated performance decline is dominated by the growth of platinum oxides rather than kinetic degradation and structural damage. The platinum oxides reduce the cathode mixed potential gradually, leading to the accelerated decay occurring earlier at low current density. Meanwhile, the high oxide coverage hinders oxygen diffusion and water removal, resulting in sudden and drastic concentration polarization in the high current density region. Furthermore, the formation and reduction of platinum oxide affect voltage stability and steady performance of loading and unloading processes due to their potential dependency. The present study helps in modeling and predicting the nonlinear accelerated ageing to improve the lifetime of fuel cells.

Three sorts of probe laser, which have pulse durations of 200 fs, 35 ps, and 70 ps, were employed in the measurement of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility x((3)) in Au:SiO(2) composite films in a degenerate four-wave mixing scheme. We found that the composite films at their absorption peak (~550 nm) had a maximum x((3)) , which depends strongly on the pulse width of the probe laser. The value of x((3)) measured with a 70-ps laser was ~30 times larger than that measured with a 200-fs laser. The time-resolved measurements revealed that the optical nonlinearity on the femtosecond time scale is attributable mainly to contributions from the interband electric-dipole transition (especially at low concentrations) and partly to those from hot electrons rather than being dominated by hot-electron excitation in the picosecond regime.

The decays of J/ψ→ηϕf0(980)[η→γγ,ϕ→K+K−,f0(980)→π+π−] are analyzed using a sample of 5.8×107 J/ψ events collected with the BESII detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. A structure at around 2.18 GeV/c2 with about 5σ significance is observed in the ϕf0(980) invariant mass spectrum. A fit with a Breit-Wigner function gives the peak mass and width of m=2.186±0.010(stat)±0.006(syst) GeV/c2 and Γ=0.065±0.023(stat)±0.017(syst) GeV/c2, respectively, which are consistent with those of Y(2175), observed by the BABAR Collaboration in the initial-state radiation process e+e−→γISRϕf0(980). The production branching ratio is determined to be Br(J/ψ→ηY(2175))Br(Y(2175)→ϕf0(980))Br(f0(980)→π+π−)=[3.23±0.75(stat)±0.73(syst)]×10−4, assuming that the Y(2175) is a 1−− state.Received 7 December 2007DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.102003©2008 American Physical Society

Based on 58 million BESII J/ψ events, the K¯∗(892)0K+π− channel in K+K−π+π− is studied. A clear low mass enhancement in the invariant mass spectrum of K+π− is observed. The low mass enhancement does not come from background of other J/ψ decay channels, nor from phase space. Two independent partial wave analyses have been performed. Both analyses favor that the low mass enhancement is the κ, an iso-spinor scalar resonant state. The average mass and width of the κ in the two analyses are 878±23−55+64MeV/c2 and 499±52−87+55MeV/c2, respectively, corresponding to a pole at (841±30−73+81)−i(309±45−72+48)MeV/c2.

$R$ measurement data taken with the BESII detector at center-of-mass energies between 3.7 and 5.0 GeV is fitted to determine resonance parameters (mass, total width, electron width) of the high mass charmonium states, $ψ(3770)$, $ψ(4040)$, $ψ(4160)$ and $ψ(4415)$. Various effects, including the relative phases between the resonances, interferences, the energy-dependence of the full widths, and the initial state radiative correction, are examined. The results are compared to previous studies.

The development of adaptive building envelopes with advanced PCM to reduce building energy consumption is a promising topic. This study proposed an adaptive ventilation and sunlight regulation wall (AVSRW) by combining the variable transparency shape-stabilized PCM (VTSS-PCM), reflective film, and ventilation cavity. The combination of VTSS-PCM and reflective film could passively regulate the solar absorptivity (SA) of AVSRW. The ventilation cavity with airflow control enhanced the heat storage and release efficiency of VTSS-PCM. A dynamic photo-thermal coupling model of the AVSRW was presented and validated by a full-scale experiment in summer and winter conditions. Then, based on the weather data of the typical meteorological year of Changsha, China, the performances of AVSRW on days, months, and a year were evaluated. The impact of three influential factors and their combined effects on the performance of AVSRW were analyzed. Ultimately, a global optimization was conducted to improve the performance of AVSRW, and compared with the massive wall. The results showed that the AVSRW passively decreased its SA on summer days and increased its SA on winter days. The total annual undesired heat exchange (TAHE) of AVSRW first decreased and then increased with the increase of melting temperature (Tm) and thickness (L) of VTSS-PCM. The reflective film had an opposite effect on the annual heat gain (AHG) and annual heat loss (AHL) of AVSRW, resulting in the TAHE remaining unchanged with the increase of reflectivity (R) of the reflective film. The greater the L, the smaller effect of the Tm and R on the AHG and AHL, and the greater the R, the greater effect of the Tm and L on the AHG and AHL. After optimization, the values of the Tm, L, and R corresponding to the optimal solution were 24.60 °C, 0.17 m, and 0.63, respectively. Compared with the reference wall, the AVSRW with the best performance had lower AHG and AHL, and the annual energy-saving rate of the AVSRW reached 43.49%. This study guides the application and parameter optimization of AVSRW in hot summer and cold winter regions.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a prospective energy storage solution in the near future due to the abundance and wide distribution of sodium resource on the earth. The exploration of high-performance cathode materials is the key to the practical application of advanced SIBs. Among various SIB cathode materials, NaFePO4 possesses the advantages of abundant reserve, low cost and safety, which make it an ideal positive electrode material for SIBs. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the research progress and future prospect of NaFePO4 positive electrode material. Firstly, different crystal structures and sodium storage mechanisms of NaFePO4 have been discussed. Then, the synthesis methods, morphologies, electrochemical properties, and optimization strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of NaFePO4 cathode materials in SIBs are summarized in details. Theoretical studies on the structure-performance relationship and the prediction of high-performance NaFePO4 have also been introduced. Finally, the current challenges, potential research directions and future prospects of NaFePO4 toward commercialization have been proposed. This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of high-performance NaFePO4 cathode materials and to accelerate the practical application of NaFePO4 in SIBs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295565.].

Results are presented on ψ(2S) and J/ψ hadronic decays to K0SpK−n̄ and K0S¯pK+n final states from data samples of 14 million ψ(2S) and 58 million J/ψ events accumulated at the BES II detector. No Θ(1540) signal, the pentaquark candidate, is observed, and upper limits are set for B(ψ(2S)→Θ¯Θ→K0SpK−n̄+K0S¯pK+n)<0.84×10−5 and B(J/→ψΘ¯Θ→K0SpK−n̄+K0S¯pK+n)<1.1×10−5 at the 90% confidence level. For single Θ(1540) production, the upper limits determined by our analysis are also on the order of 10−5 in both ψ(2S) and J/ψ decays. Received 4 February 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.012004©2004 American Physical Society

Using a sample of 58 million J/ψ events recorded in the BESII detector, the decay J/ψ→ωπ+π− is studied. There are conspicuous ωf2(1270) and b1(1235)π signals. At low ππ mass, a large, broad peak due to the σ is observed, and its pole position is determined to be (541±39)−i(252±42)MeV from the mean of six analyses. The errors, which are dominated by the systematic errors, cover the statistical and systematic errors in the six analyses, as well as the observed variation of the six analyses.

Using the BES-II detector at the BEPC Collider, we measured the lowest order cross sections and the R values (R=σe+e−→hadrons0/σe+e−→μ+μ−0) for inclusive hadronic event production at the center-of-mass energies of 3.650, 3.6648 and 3.773 GeV. The results lead to R¯uds=2.218±0.019±0.089 which is the average of these measured at 3.650 GeV and 3.6648 GeV, and R=3.746±0.037±0.187 at s=3.773GeV. We determined the lowest order cross section for ψ(3770) production to be σψ(3770)B=(9.323±0.253±0.801)nb at 3.773 GeV, the branching fractions for ψ(3770) decays to be BF(ψ(3770)→D0D¯0)=(49.5±1.3±3.8)%, BF(ψ(3770)→D+D−)=(35.7±1.1±3.4)% and BF(ψ(3770)→DD¯)=(85.5±1.7±5.8)%, which result in the total non-DD¯ branching fraction of ψ(3770) decay to be BF(ψ(3770)→non-DD¯)=(14.5±1.7±5.8)%.

We measure the branching fractions for $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\overline{D}}^{0}$, ${D}^{+}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $D\overline{D}$, and non-$D\overline{D}$ to be $(46.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.3)%$, $(36.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.8)%$, $(83.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.2)%$, and $(16.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.2)%$, respectively. The resonance parameters of $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ and $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$ are measured to be ${M}_{\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)}=3772.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)}^{\mathrm{tot}}=26.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)}^{ee}=251\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$; ${M}_{\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)}=3685.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)}^{\mathrm{tot}}=331\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)}^{ee}=2.330\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.036\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.110\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$. We also measure the light hadron $R$ value to be ${R}_{\mathrm{uds}}=2.262\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.054\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.109$ in the energy region from 3.660 to 3.872 GeV.

A search for pair-produced massive coloured scalar particles decaying to a four-jet final state is performed by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mbox{TeV}$ . The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1. No deviation from the Standard Model is observed in the invariant mass spectrum of the two-jet pairs. A limit on the scalar gluon pair production cross section of 70 pb (10 pb) is obtained at the 95 % confidence level for a scalar gluon mass of 150 GeV (350 GeV). Interpreting these results as mass limits on scalar gluons, masses ranging from 150 GeV to 287 GeV are excluded at the 95 % confidence level.

Tetraphenylpyrazine (TPP) is a promising heterocycle-based aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) which has sparked multiple applications in organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, and biotherapy. However, the utility of it in developing information storage materials is relatively rare. Moreover, TPP is mostly employed as an electronic acceptor in molecular design, while the consideration of it as an electronic donor is attractive in studies which may provide a full understanding of its property to tailor the materials. In this work, we synthesize three TPP-based molecules by decorating it with acrylonitrile and isomeric pyridine units, which show AIE behavior by property inheritance from their parent unit. Interestingly, the effective intramolecular charge transfer takes place from the TPP electronic donor to the acrylonitrile and pyridine electronic acceptor, therefore inducing a remarkable solvatochromic effect as the solvent polarity improves. Moreover, it is revealed that the isomeric effect of the nitrogen atom in the pyridines may pose an influence on the absorption, solvatochromism, and AIE behavior. In addition, the acrylonitrile and pyridine groups are reactive to light and acid–base stimuli with irreversible and reversible responses, respectively. Combined with the high light-harvesting ability of these AIEgens, they show great potential in the stimuli-responsive materials for dual information storage.

Gallium nitride (GaN) thin films with a wurtzite structure were grown on fused silica (FS) substrates by pulsed laser ablation of a liquid gallium target in the presence of ammonia gas. X-ray diffraction measurement shows a single c-axis orientation for the GaN film grown with a thin (&amp;lt;1000 Å) zinc oxide (ZnO) film as an alignment layer. There is a great improvement in the surface morphology as well as optical transmission for the GaN film grown on the ZnO buffered FS substrate. The energy band gap obtained from the absorption spectrum is about 3.45 eV.

A Monte Carlo program based on Geant3 has been developed for BESII detector simulation. The organization of the program is outlined, and the digitization procedure for simulating the response of various sub-detectors is described. Comparisons with data show that the performance of the program is generally satisfactory.

Au:oxide composite multilayer films with Au nanoparticles sandwiched by oxide layers (such as SiO2, ZnO, and TiO2) were prepared in a magnetron sputtering system. Their photoluminescence (PL) spectra were investigated by employing a micro-Raman system in which an Argon laser with a wavelength of 514 nm was used as the pumping light. Distinct PL peaks located at a wavelength range between 590 and 680 nm were observed in most of our samples, with Au particle size varying from several to hundreds of nanometers. It was found that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in these composites exerted a strong influence on the position of the PL peaks but had little effect on the PL intensity.

The decay J/ψ→N¯Nπ provides an effective isospin 1/2 filter for the πN system due to isospin conservation. Using 58×106 J/ψ decays collected with the Beijing Electromagnetic Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, more than 100 thousand J/ψ→pπ−n¯+c.c. events are obtained. Besides the two well-known N* peaks at around 1500 MeV/c2 and 1670 MeV/c2, there are two new, clear N* peaks in the pπ invariant mass spectrum around 1360 MeV/c2 and 2030 MeV/c2 with statistical significance of 11σ and 13σ, respectively. We identify these as the first direct observation of the N*(1440) peak and a long-sought missing N* peak above 2 GeV/c2 in the πN invariant mass spectrum.Received 16 May 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.062001©2006 American Physical Society

Results are presented on J/ψ radiative decays to π+π− and π0π0 based on a sample of 58M J/ψ events taken with the BES II detector. Partial wave analyses are carried out using the relativistic covariant tensor amplitude method in the 1.0 to 2.3GeV/c2ππ mass range. There are conspicuous peaks due to the f2(1270) and two 0++ states in the 1.45 and 1.75 GeV/c2 mass regions. The first 0++ state has a mass of 1466±6±20MeV/c2, a width of 108−11+14±25MeV/c2, and a branching fraction B(J/ψ→γf0(1500)→γπ+π−)=(0.67±0.02±0.30)×10−4. Spin 0 is strongly preferred over spin 2. The second 0++ state peaks at 1765−3+4±13MeV/c2 with a width of 145±8±69MeV/c2. If this 0++ is interpreted as coming from f0(1710), the ratio of its branching fractions to ππ and KK¯ is 0.41−0.17+0.11.

The results of a search for the production of second generation scalar leptoquarks are presented for final states consisting of either two oppositely charged muons and at least two jets or a muon plus missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. A total of 1.03/fb integrated luminosity of proton-proton collision data produced by the Large Hadron Collider at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector is used for the search. The event yields in the signal regions are found to be consistent with the Standard Model background expectations. The production of second generation leptoquarks is excluded for a leptoquark mass m_LQ < 594 (685) GeV at 95% confidence level, for a branching ratio of 0.5 (1.0) for leptoquark decay to a muon and a quark.

Cross sections for e+e−→pp¯ have been measured at 10 center-of-mass energies from 2.0 to 3.07 GeV by the BESII experiment at the BEPC, and proton electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region have been determined.

Results are presented on J/ψ radiative decays to K+K− and K0SK0S based on a sample of 58M J/ψ events taken with the BES II detector. A partial wave analysis is carried out using the relativistic covariant tensor amplitude method in the 1–2 GeV mass range. There is conspicuous production due to the f′2(1525) and f0(1710). The latter peaks at a mass of 1740±4+10−25MeV with a width of 166+5+15−8−10MeV. Spin 0 is strongly preferred over spin 2. For the f′2(1525), the helicity amplitude ratios are determined to be x2=1.00±0.28+1.06−0.36 and y2=0.44±0.08+0.10−0.56. Received 22 July 2003DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.052003©2003 American Physical Society

Using 58 million J/ψ and 14 million ψ(2S) decays obtained by the BES II experiment, the branching fraction of J/→ψπ+π−π0 is determined. The result is (2.10±0.12)×10−2, which is significantly higher than previous measurements.Received 5 February 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.012005©2004 American Physical Society

A partial wave analysis of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0}$ decay is presented using a sample of $14\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$ events accumulated by the BES II detector. The data are fitted to the sum of relativistic covariant tensor amplitudes for intermediate resonant decay modes. From the fit, significant contributions to ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0}$ decays from the channels ${f}_{0}(980){f}_{0}(980)$, ${f}_{0}(980){f}_{0}(2200)$, ${f}_{0}(1370){f}_{0}(1710)$, ${K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}{\overline{K}}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$, ${K}_{0}^{*}(1430){\overline{K}}_{0}^{*}(1430)$, ${K}_{0}^{*}(1430){\overline{K}}_{2}^{*}(1430)+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$, and ${K}_{1}(1270)K$ are found. Flavor-SU(3)-violating ${K}_{1}(1270)\ensuremath{-}{K}_{1}(1400)$ asymmetry is observed. Values obtained for the masses and widths of the resonances ${f}_{0}(1710)$, ${f}_{0}(2200)$, ${f}_{0}(1370)$, and ${K}_{0}^{*}(1430)$ are presented.

By tagging the largest energy of the assumed kaon in the final states of e+e−→hadrons, we measured the cross sections for e+e−→hadrons|non-DD¯ in the range from 3.65 to 3.87 GeV. Analyzing these cross sections yields the branching fraction for the decay ψ(3770)→non-DD¯ to be BF[ψ(3770)→non-DD¯]=(15.1±5.6±1.8)%, and the observed non-DD¯ and DD¯ cross sections to be σhad-non-DD¯obs=(1.08±0.40±0.15) nb and σDD¯obs=(6.07±0.40±0.35) nb, respectively, at the center-of-mass energy Ecm=3.7724 GeV.

Using psi(2S) --> pi(+)pi(-) J/psi events in a sample of 14.0 x 10(6) psi(2S) decays collected with the BES-II detector, a search for the decay of the J/psi to invisible final states is performed. No signal is found, and an upper limit at the 90% confidence level is determined to be 1.2 x 10(-2) for the ratio B(J/psi --> invisible)/B(J/psi-->mu(+)mu(-)). This is the first search for J/psi decays to invisible final states.

Building energy flexibility is important for reducing peak-to-valley differences in air-conditioner loads. Integrating phase change material into office building envelopes and precooling can effectively reduce peak load, but precooling may increase total energy consumption. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate its energy flexibility and energy consumption features. In present work, a heat transfer model of phase change material (PCM)-integrated office building walls was established firstly and verified by experiments. Then, the energy flexibility and energy-saving potential of the PCM-integrated wall under different precooling strategies were studied, and the effects of various PCM parameters on energy flexibility and energy-saving potential were evaluated. Finally, the influence of different peak-to-valley electricity tariff differences on electricity costs was analyzed. The results show that the optimized precooling strategy and peak-to-valley electricity tariff difference make the energy flexibility index of the PCM-integrated wall up to 69.7% at a total load reduction of 1.3% and save the electricity cost by 51%. The PCM location and melting point have the most significant effect on the energy flexibility and energy-saving potential of the PCM-integrated wall under precooling operating conditions. This study guides the selection of energy flexibility and energy-saving precooling strategy and PCM parameters for PCM-integrated office building walls and the formulation of time-of-use tariff policies.

An enhancement near the mp+MΛ mass threshold is observed in the combined pΛ¯ and p¯Λ invariant-mass spectrum from J/ψ→pK−Λ¯+c.c. decays. It can be fit with an S-wave Breit-Wigner resonance with a mass m=2075±12(stat)±5(syst) MeV and a width of Γ=90±35(stat)±9(syst) MeV; it can also be fit with a P-wave Breit-Wigner resonance. Evidence for a similar enhancement is also observed in ψ′→pK−Λ¯+c.c. decays. The analysis is based on samples of 5.8×107J/ψ and 1.4×107ψ′ decays accumulated in the BES II detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider.Received 19 May 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.112002©2004 American Physical Society

An investigation of Au/SiO2 composite multilayer films with a large third-order optical nonlinearity is reported in this article. Multilayer films containing Au nanoparticles with narrow size and shape distributions can be obtained by controlling the thickness of the Au layer, as well as the annealing temperature and time duration. It is found that the peak of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of films with mean nanoparticle size of 30 nm is located at 2.35 eV with a width of 350 meV. The SPR peak of films containing larger or smaller particles red-shifts and broadens due to the particle size and shape effects. The third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of these films has a maximum value of about 5.1×10−6 esu at 532 nm when the mean nanoparticle size is around 30 nm. We attribute the observed size dependence of χ(3) to the competition between the enhancement of the local field factor and the skin-depth effect.

The decay $J/\psi \to \omega p \bar p$ is studied using a $5.8 \times 10^7$ $J/\psi$ event sample accumulated with the BES II detector at the Beijing electron-positron collider. The decay branching fraction is measured to be $B(J/\psi \to \omega p \bar p)=(9.8\pm 0.3\pm 1.4)\times 10^{-4}$. No significant enhancement near the $p\bar p$ mass threshold is observed, and an upper limit of $B(J/\psi \to \omega X(1860))B(X(1860)\to p\bar p)$$ $$< 1.5 \times 10^{-5}$ is determined at the 95% confidence level, where X(1860) designates the near-threshold enhancement seen in the $p\bar p$ mass spectrum in $J/\psi \to \gamma p \bar p$ decays.

By analyzing the data collected at the center-of-mass energy ${E}_{\mathrm{cm}}=3.773\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ and below the $D\overline{D}$ meson pair production threshold with the BES-II detector at the BEPC Collider, we directly measured the observed non-$D\overline{D}$ cross section of $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ decay to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{non}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}D\overline{D}}^{\mathrm{obs}}=(0.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.29)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ at ${E}_{\mathrm{cm}}=3.773\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, and the branching fraction $BF[\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{non}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}D\overline{D}]=(13.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.6)%$ for inclusive non-$D\overline{D}$ decay of $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$. We also determined the cross section for $D\overline{D}$ meson pair production to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{D\overline{D}}^{\mathrm{obs}}=(6.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ at ${E}_{\mathrm{cm}}=3.773\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$.

Reasonable welding speeds are a prerequisite for obtaining high-quality joints by friction stir welding (FSW). In this paper, 2195-T8 Al-Li alloy FSW joints were successfully fabricated at different welding speeds (100–600 mm/min) with a constant rotation speed. The effect of welding speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties was analyzed under different experimental methods. Microstructural characterization was conducted using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties were measured by a hardness test and a tensile test. The results showed that the original T1 precipitates disappeared in the nugget zone (NZ), generating many dislocations. With welding speeds increasing, joints obtained at lower welding speeds developed coarser T1 precipitates in the heat-affected zone. Also, the equiaxed grains with a bigger size and a higher fraction of high angle boundaries (HABs) were detected in the NZ of these joints. As the welding speed increased, the area of hardness value changes gradually shrunk, which was consistent with the trend of the cross-section morphology. A kissing bond and macroscopic cracking were observed in the joints that were fabricated at the higher welding speeds. The appearance of those defects significantly reduced the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the joints at high welding speeds. Fracture morphologies of the different joints were all characterized in quasi-cleavage fractures.

We report measurements of the continuum R(uds) near the center-of-mass energy of 3.70 GeV, the R[uds(c)+psi(3770)](s) and the R(had)(s) values in e(+)e(-) annihilation at 68 energy points in the energy region between 3.650 and 3.872 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC Collider. We obtain the R(uds) for the continuum light hadron (containing u, d, and s quarks) production near the DD threshold to be R(uds)=2.141+/-0.025+/-0.085.

This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of and correspond to an integrated luminosity of . The measurement is performed by reconstructing the boosted W or Z bosons in single jets. The reconstructed jet mass is used to identify the W and Z bosons, and a jet substructure method based on energy cluster information in the jet centre-of-mass frame is used to suppress the large multi-jet background. The cross-section for events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson, with transverse momentum and pseudorapidity , is measured to be pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques.

A variety of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks of gold nanoparticles was detected in the wavelength range between the SPR peak of Au/SiO2(∼535 nm) and Au/TiO2(∼655 nm) with the parameter x in the triple-component composite films, (SiO2)1−x/Au/(TiO2)x. Based on the spectrum of the dielectric constant of Au and the location of the SPR peaks, the effective refractive index neff of these composite films was found to be almost equal to nSiO2∙(1−x)+n_TiO2∙x. These composite films can be used as optical filters owing to their high damage threshold value (&gt;6.5 MW/cm2). Their potential applications in nonlinear optical devices are due to their larger third-order nonlinear susceptibilities, chi(3), which were measured by the degenerate four-wave-mixing method at a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The chi(3) value reached 2.6×10^−6 esu.

Using 58 million J/ψ events collected by the BES-II detector at the BEPC, the decays J/ψ→ΛΛ¯ and Σ0Σ¯0 are analysed. The branching fractions are measured to be Br(J/ψ→ΛΛ¯)=(2.03±0.03±0.15)×10−3 and Br(J/ψ→Σ0Σ¯0)=(1.33±0.04±0.11)×10−3. The angular distribution is of the form dNdcosθ=N0(1+αcos2θ), with α=0.65±0.11±0.03 for J/ψ→ΛΛ¯ and α=−0.24±0.19±0.07 for J/ψ→Σ0Σ¯0.

The absolute branching fractions for the decays $D^0 \to K^-e ^+\nu_e$ and $D^0 \to \pi^-e^+\nu_e$ are determined using $7584\pm 198 \pm 341$ singly tagged $\bar D^0$ sample from the data collected around 3.773 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC. In the system recoiling against the singly tagged $\bar D^0$ meson, $104.0\pm 10.9$ events for $D^0 \to K^-e ^+\nu_e$ and $9.0 \pm 3.6$ events for $D^0 \to \pi^-e^+\nu_e$ decays are observed. Those yield the absolute branching fractions to be $BF(D^0 \to K^-e^+\nu_e)=(3.82 \pm 0.40\pm 0.27)%$ and $BF(D^0 \to \pi^-e^+\nu_e)=(0.33 \pm 0.13\pm 0.03)%$. The vector form factors are determined to be $|f^K_+(0)| = 0.78 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.03$ and $|f^{\pi}_+(0)| = 0.73 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.06$. The ratio of the two form factors is measured to be $|f^{\pi}_+(0)/f^K_+(0)|= 0.93 \pm 0.19 \pm 0.07$.

The absolute branching fraction for the decay $D^+ \to \bar K^0 e^+\nu_e$ is determined using $5321\pm 149 \pm 160$ singly tagged $D^-$ sample from the data collected around 3.773 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider. In the system recoiling against the singly tagged $D^-$ meson, $34.4\pm 6.1$ events for $D^+ \to \bar K^0 e ^+\nu_e$ is observed. Those yield the absolute branching fraction to be $BF(D^+ \to \bar K^0 e^+\nu_e)=(8.95 \pm 1.59\pm 0.67)%$. The ratio of the two partial widths for the decays of $D^0 \to K^-e^+\nu_e$ and $D^+ \to \bar K^0 e ^+\nu_e$ is determined to be $ \Gamma (D^0 \to K^-e^+\nu_e)/ \Gamma (D^+ \to \bar K^0 e^+\nu_e) = 1.08\pm 0.22 \pm 0.07$.

The decay channel J/\psi->gamma omega omega, omega -> pi+ pi- pi0 is analyzed using a sample of 5.8x10^7 J/psi events collected with the BESII detector. The omega omega invariant mass distribution peaks at 1.76 GeV/c^2, just above the omega omega threshold. Analysis of angular correlations indicate that the omega omega system below 2 GeV/c^2 is predominantly pseudoscalar. A partial wave analysis confirms the predominant pseudoscalar structure, together with small 0^{++} and 2^{++} contributions, and yields a pseudoscalar mass M = 1744 \pm 10 (stat) \pm 15 (syst) MeV/c^2, a width Gamma = 244^{+24}_{-21} (stat) \pm 25 (syst) MeV/c^2, and a product branching fraction Br(J/psi-> gamma eta(1760)) \cdot Br(\eta(1760)->omega omega) = (1.98 \pm 0.08 (stat) \pm 0.32 (syst)) x 10^{-3}.

Using a data sample of 58×106 J/ψ decays collected with the Beijing Spectrometer II detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, searches for invisible decays of η and η′ in J/ψ to ϕη and ϕη′ are performed. The ϕ signals, which are reconstructed in K+K− final states, are used to tag the η and η′ decays. No signals are found for the invisible decays of either η or η′, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level are determined to be 1.65×10−3 for the ratio B(η→invisible)B(η→γγ) and 6.69×10−2 for B(η′→invisible)B(η′→γγ). These are the first searches for η and η′ decays into invisible final states.Received 4 July 2006DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.202002©2006 American Physical Society

By analyzing the R values measured at 68 energy points in the energy region between 3.650 and 3.872 GeV reported in our previous paper, we have precisely measured the mass, the total width and the leptonic width of the ψ(3770) resonance to be Mψ(3770)=3772.4±0.4±0.3MeV, Γψ(3770)tot=28.5±1.2±0.2MeV and Γψ(3770)ee=277±11±13eV, respectively. We have measured the leptonic branching fraction of the ψ(3770) decays and the ψ(3770) production cross section at its peak to be B[ψ(3770)→e+e−]=(0.97±0.03±0.05)×10−5 and σprd[e+e−→ψ(3770)]=10.0±0.3±0.5 nb, respectively. The latter one results in the corresponding observed cross section of σobs[e+e−→ψ(3770)]=7.2±0.2±0.4 nb. We have also measured Ruds=2.121±0.023±0.084 for the continuum light hadron production in the region from 3.650 to 3.872 GeV.

We observe an obvious anomalous line shape of the e+e−→ hadrons total cross sections in the energy region between 3.700 and 3.872 GeV. It is inconsistent with the explanation for only one simple ψ(3770) resonance with a statistical significance of 7σ. The anomalous line shape may be explained by two possible enhancements of the inclusive hadron production near the center-of-mass energies of 3.764 and 3.779 GeV, indicating that either there is likely a new structure in addition to the ψ(3770) resonance around 3.773 GeV, or there are some physics effects reflecting the D¯¯¯D production dynamics.Received 3 June 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.102004©2008 American Physical Society

With a sample of 14×106ψ(2S) events collected by the BESII detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC), the decay channels ψ(2S)→B8B¯8(pp¯,ΛΛ¯,Σ0Σ¯0,Ξ−Ξ¯+) are measured, and their branching ratios are determined to be (3.36±0.09±0.25)×10−4, (3.39±0.20±0.32)×10−4, (2.35±0.36±0.32)×10−4, (3.03±0.40±0.32)×10−4, respectively. In the decay ψ(2S)→pp¯, the angular distribution parameter α is determined to be 0.85±0.24±0.04.

We report measurements of the line shapes of D+D−, D0D¯0 and DD¯ production as well as the line shape of the ratio of the production rates of D+D− and D0D¯0 in e+e− annihilation at ψ(3770) resonance. We find that the line shapes of D+D−, D0D¯0 and DD¯ production are similar to an anomalous line shape of cross sections for e+e−→hadrons observed in the center-of-mass energy range from 3.70 to 3.87 GeV.

摘要:

Eurycomanone (EN) is a diterpenoid compound isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia). Previous studies have confirmed that E. longifolia can enhance bone regeneration and bone strength. We previously isolated and identified ten quassinoids from E. longifolia, and the result displayed that five aqueous extracts have the effects on promotion of bone formation, among whom EN showed the strongest activity. However, the molecular mechanism of EN on bone formation was unknown, and we further investigated in this study. After the verification of purity of extracted EN, following experiments were conducted. Firstly, the pharmacologic action of EN on normal bone mineralization and the therapeutic effect of EN on Dex-induced bone loss using zebrafish larvae. The mineralization area and integral optical density (IOD) were evaluated using alizarin red staining. Then the vital signaling pathways of EN relevant to OP was identified through network pharmacology analysis. Eventually in vitro, the effect of EN on cell viability, osteogenesis activities were investigated in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and C3H10 cells, and the molecular mechanisms by which applying AKT inhibitor A-443654 in hMSCs. In zebrafish larvae, the administration in medium of EN (0.2, 1, and 5 μM) dramatically enhanced the skull mineralization area and integral optical density (IOD), and increased mRNA expressions of osteoblast formation genes (ALP, RUNX2a, SP7, OCN). Meanwhile, exposure of EN remarkably alleviated the inhibition of bone formation induced by dexamethasone (Dex), prominently improved the mineralization, up-regulated osteoblast-specific genes and down-regulated osteoclast-related genes (CTSK, RANKL, NFATc1, TRAF6) in Dex-treated bone loss zebrafish larvae. Network pharmacology outcomes showed the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways are closely associated with 10 hub genes (especially AKT1), and AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin was selected as the candidate analysis pathway. In hMSCs and C3H10 cells, results showed that EN at appropriate concentrations of 0.008–5 μM effectively increased the cell proliferation. In addition, EN (0.04, 0.2, and 1 μM) significantly stimulated osteogenic differentiation and mineralization as well as significantly increased the protein phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, and expression of β-catenin, evidencing by the results of ALP and ARS staining, qPCR and western blotting. Whereas opposite results were presented in hMSCs when treated with AKT inhibitor A-443654, which effectively inhibited the pro-osteogenesis effect induced by EN, suggesting EN represent powerful potential in promoting osteogenesis of hMSCs, which may be closely related to the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Altogether, our findings indicate that EN possesses remarkable effect on bone formation via activating AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in most tested concentrations. This study demonstrates EN is a new effective monomer in promoting bone formation, which may be a promising anabolic agent for osteoporosis (OP) treatment.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination is considered an effective way to prevent cervical cancer. Although the vast majority of people experience no obvious adverse reactions after being vaccinated with HPV vaccine, the continuous monitoring of adverse events following immunization is important. Herein, we report the case of a previously healthy young woman who developed unilateral extraocular muscle palsy after receiving the third dose of the Gardasil HPV 9-valent vaccine (9vHPV) and was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (MG). The patient developed swelling of the left eye on the 3rd day after vaccination and ptosis of the left eyelid on the 18th day after vaccination. She was treated with oral pyridostigmine and methylprednisolone. Her symptoms began to improve after 2 weeks of treatment and resolved completely after 3 weeks. After excluding other possible causes and considering the close temporal relationship between the timing of the 9vHPV vaccination and the onset of symptoms, 9vHPV appears to have triggered MG. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case report of 9vHPV-associated MG in China. Although ocular MG may be a rare adverse event after vaccination with 9vHPV, there is currently no direct evidence establishing a causal relationship; therefore, the safety of 9vHPV remains unquestioned.

Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) has been applied to various large-scale infrastructure monitoring areas in smart cities, leading to a new generation of fiber-optic Internet of Things for ground listening. However, its single-source detection and recognition methods may fail in unpredictable multi-source interfering environments in urban. When an unknown number of sources are nonlinearly mixed at the DAS's fiber receiver, it increases the difficulty of multiple source separation further. Therefore, in this paper, it is proposed a novel multi-source separation method in fiber-optic DAS to separate individual vibration signals from the unidentified nonlinear mixing procedure with unknown number of sources. Firstly, the mixed source number is blindly estimated by utilizing the Gerschgorin disk estimator (GDE), which is effective and robust in real-field applications of DAS. Secondly, the statistically independent sources are separated with the extended slow feature analysis (xSFA) according to the nonlinear instantaneous mixing model constructed for DAS in this paper, which considers the complexity of the vibration wave propagation to the subsurface fiber. It relies on the temporal correlation to recover structure of the source signals that has been destroyed in the nonlinear mixing procedure. Finally, evaluation indices for separation are studied and the effectiveness of both the multi-source separation and the source number estimation are verified through simulation experiments and field tests. Compared with the two benchmark methods of fast independent component analysis (FastICA) and the independent slow feature analysis (ISFA), it shows the complicated nonlinear mixture of DAS signals can be separated with higher reliability in both the artificially and the real-field mixed cases.

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δβ-thalassemia is a rare type of thalassemia characterized by increased Hb F levels, including mainly Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia, Yunnanese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia, Cantonese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia in China. Due to the low rate of δβ-thalassemia carriers, there are few reports of δβ-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia causing β-thalassemia major. Herein, we described the combination of Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia and β-thalassemia leading to β-thalassemia major in a Chinese patient. Hemoglobin analysis was performed by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Routine genetic analysis was carried out by gap-polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR) and PCR and reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB). Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect the large deletion, and Gap-PCR confirmed the deletion. A CE result showed an elevated Hb F level of 98.7% and 11.7% in the proband and her mother, but the proband was diagnosed with βCD17M/βCD17M using routine genetic analysis. However, her father was heterozygous for CD17 in β-globin, and her mother was detected as SEA heterozygous. The further analysis presented that the proband had actually missed the diagnosis of Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia by MLPA and PCR-RDB. Finally, the genotype of the proband was corrected from βCD17M/βCD17M to βCD17M/βGγ(Aγδβ)0. This is the first report of Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia resulting in β-thalassemia major in China. Screening for δβ-thalassemia by Hb analysis could be an effective method.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of aflibercept combined with sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in treating diabetic macular edema (DME) and to examine changes in growth factors and inflammatory mediator levels in aqueous humor after injection. METHODS: Totally 67 DME patients (67 eyes) and 30 cataract patients (32 eyes) were enrolled as the DME group and the control group, respectively. The DME group was divided into the aflibercept group (34 cases) and the aflibercept combined with TA group (combined group, 33 cases). The aqueous humor of both groups was collected during the study period. The aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected using a microsphere suspension array technology (Luminex 200TM). Aqueous cytokines, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and complications before and after treatment were compared between the aflibercept group and combined group. RESULTS: The concentrations of VEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in the aqueous humor were significantly higher in the DME group than those of the control group (all P&lt;0.01). After 1mo of surgery, the concentrations of VEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in the aqueous humor were significantly lower in the combined group than those of the aflibercept group (all P&lt;0.01). The BCVA and CMT values of the two groups were statistically different after 1 and 2mo of treatment (P&lt;0.01). However, the difference was not statistically significant after 3mo of treatment (P&gt;0.05). CONCLUSION: The cytokines VEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in the aqueous humor of DME patients are significantly increased. Aflibercept and aflibercept combined with TA have good efficacy in DME patients, can effectively reduce CMT, improve the patient’s vision, and have high safety. Aflibercept combined with TA can quickly down-regulate the aqueous humor cytokines and help to relieve macular edema rapidly. However, the long-term efficacy is comparable to that of aflibercept alone.

Over the past decade, Meituan, China’s premier online food delivery (OFD) platform, has witnessed remarkable growth. Central to this expansion is its state-of-the-art real-time intelligent dispatch system. This advanced system harnesses the power of operations research and machine learning algorithms to fine-tune order assignments, simultaneously addressing the needs of consumers, couriers, merchants, and the platform itself.

Post-weld heat treatment and rolling deformation are used to improve the mechanical properties of 2195-O Al–Li alloy friction stir welding (FSW) joints, and the effects on the grain structure, precipitation behaviors, hardness distribution, and tensile performance are discussed. Microstructural characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties were measured by hardness test and tensile test. Results show that coarse precipitates are subjected to various degrees of dissolution after FSW. Solution treatment following artificial aging (SAA) and 40% rolling deformation + SAA treatment (R40-SAA) enables the dissolution of coarse precipitates completely and precipitation of strengthening phases (T1 and θ′) in the nugget zone (NZ), thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ). These strengthening precipitates have little difference in precipitation behavior after SAA and R40-SAA treatment and remain consistent across all regions, resulting in joint hardness change a little between these two joints with a homogeneous distribution. The change in precipitates leads to an increase in hardness and enhances both the SAA joint strength and the R40-SAA joint strength to 503 MPa and 528 MPa (superior to the original joints by 309 MPa and 334 MPa, respectively), respectively. The SAA joints fracture in the NZ resulting from the development of AGG, and develop an intergranular fracture morphology with an elongation of 4.2%. The R40-SAA joints have an elongation of 7.2% due to the generation of uniformly fine grains in the NZ, and fail in the HAZ exhibiting a brittle fracture mechanism.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as an alternative to and even replacement of lithium-ion batteries in the near future in order to address the energy crisis and scarcity of lithium resources due to the wide distribution and abundance of sodium resources on the earth. The exploration and development of high-performance anode materials are critical to the practical applications of advanced SIBs. Among various anode materials, bimetallic oxides (BMOs) have attracted special research attention because of their abundance, easy access, rich redox reactions, enhanced capacity and satisfactory cycling stability. Although many BMO anode materials have been reported as anode materials in SIBs, very limited studies summarized the progress and prospect of BMOs in practical applications of SIBs. In this review, recent progress and challenges of BMO anode materials for SIBs have been comprehensively summarized and discussed. First, the preparation methods and sodium storage mechanisms of BMOs are discussed. Then, the challenges, optimization strategies, and sodium storage performance of BMO anode materials have been reviewed and summarized. Finally, the prospects and future research directions of BMOs in SIBs have been proposed. This review aims to provide insight into the efficient design and optimization of BMO anode materials for high-performance SIBs.

The stable manipulation, high undercooling, and thermophysical property measurement of the liquid Nb84.1Si15.9 refractory alloy were successfully achieved by the electrostatic levitation technique on board the China Space Station. By controlling the superheating temperature, a maximum liquid undercooling up to 421 K (0.18 TL) was obtained in the space environment, and two distinct solidification paths with different recalescence features were realized at metastable undercooled states. The liquid density and the ratio of specific heat to emissivity were measured in a wide temperature range from 1841 to 2346 K, which displayed linear and quadratic relations vs temperature, respectively. The liquid emissivity was further deduced from the specific heat of the liquid alloy calculated by molecular dynamics simulation. In addition, both the density and structural characteristics of the undercooled liquid alloy were also analyzed by MD calculations.

The liquid Zr100−xVx (x = 8.6, 16.5, 30) alloys were undercooled to the maximum undercooling of 364 K (0.18 TL), 405 K (0.21 TL), and 375 K (0.21 TL), respectively, by using electrostatic levitation technique. The Zr91.4V8.6 and Zr83.5V16.5 alloys present only one recalescence during liquid/solid phase transition, while the Zr70V30 alloy presents a transformation from two recalescence to one recalescence phenomenon with a critical undercooling of approximately 300 K. According to the LKT/BCT model, the calculated results of the primary β-Zr dendrite growth velocity in undercooled liquid Zr91.4V8.6 and Zr83.5V16.5 alloys agree well with the experiments. The velocity inflection points at 119 K of Zr91.4V8.6 alloy and 201 K of Zr83.5V16.5 alloy could be explained by the competition between solutal undercooling control and thermal undercooling control modes. For Zr70V30 alloy solidified in the P1 with twice recalescence, a critical second undercooling of 253 K and corresponding undercooling of 65 and 244 K are obtained. When the undercooling is in the range of 65–244 K, the second undercooling would be greater than 253 K, and the residual liquid phase would solidify into anomalous eutectic microstructure for Zr70V30 alloy. The Vickers hardness of Zr100−xVx (x = 8.6, 16.5, 30) alloys all show a quadratic relationship with undercooling. Under electrostatic levitation condition, the mechanical property of Zr-V alloys could be significantly regulated through solidifying the alloys at different undercoolings.

Eutectic alloys display excellent application performances since the essential function of coupled microstructures is quite different from that of single-phase and peritectic alloys. However, due to the strong natural convection within liquid alloys under normal gravity, the eutectic growth process on earth usually produces traditional rod-like or lamellar composite microstructures, which hinders the exploration of distinctive coupled growth patterns. Here, we carried out the rapid solidification of hypoeutectic Zr64V36 alloy to explore novel coupled growth dynamics aboard the China Space Station under a long-term stable microgravity condition. An extreme liquid undercooling of 253 K was achieved for this refractory alloy, displaying a strong metastability in outer space. We find that a radial coupled pattern grew out of the nucleation site, accompanying a ripple-like surface microstructure. This resulted from the rapid eutectic growth within a highly undercooled alloy in combination with a liquid surface wave excited by the electrostatic field under microgravity. Especially, a spiral coupled growth mode occurred during radial eutectic growth and surface wave spreading, which were controlled by the Marangoni convection effect on the fluid flow pattern and eutectic growth dynamics. Our findings contribute to the coupled growth investigation by modulating gravity levels to develop multi-pattern microstructures.

The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities, chi(3), of composite films consisting of nanocrystalline Au and ZnO particles were investigated by use of a degenerate four-wave mixing scheme. The maximum value of chi(3), measured at a laser wavelength of 532 nm and a pulse duration of 70 ps, was approximately 2 x 10(-6) esu. Also, this chi(3) value was achieved with small absorption (the surface-plasmon peak was at the 615-nm wavelength). Our composite materials showed no discernible degradation after they were subjected to irradiation for a total of 3 x 10(7) high-intensity pulses (24 Mw/cm2, 70-ps pulse duration at 500 Hz) during 16 h of testing.

Using $\gamma \gamma J/\psi, J/\psi \ra e^+ e^-$ and $\mu^+ \mu^-$ events from a sample of $14.0\times 10^6$ $\psip$ decays collected with the BESII detector, the branching fractions for $\psip\ra \pi^0\J$, $\eta\J$, and $\psi(2S)\ar\gamma\chi_{c1},\gamma\chi_{c2}\ar\gamma\gamma\jpsi$ are measured to be $B(\psip\ra \pi^0\J) = (1.43\pm0.14\pm0.13)\times 10^{-3}$, $B(\psip\ra \eta\J) = (2.98\pm0.09\pm0.23)%$, $B(\psi(2S)\ar\gamma\chi_{c1}\ar\gamma\gamma\jpsi) = (2.81\pm0.05\pm 0.23)%$, and $B(\psi(2S)\ar\gamma\chi_{c2}\ar\gamma\gamma\jpsi) = (1.62\pm0.04\pm 0.12)%$.

The absolute branching fraction for the decay D+→μ+ν has been directly measured based on a data sample of about 33 pb−1 collected around s=3.773GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider. A total of 5321±149±160 D− mesons are reconstructed in nine hadronic decay modes. In the system recoiling against these singly tagged D− mesons, 2.67±1.74 purely leptonic decay events of D+→μ+νμ are observed. Those yield the branching fraction of BF(D+→μ+νμ)=(0.122−0.053+0.111±0.010)%, and a corresponding value of the pseudoscalar decay constant fD+=(371−119+129±25)MeV.

The decay modes J/ψ → γπ 0 , γη and γη ′ are analyzed using a data sample of 58 million J/ψ decays collected with the BESII detector at BEPC.The branching fractions are determined to be: Br(J/ψ → γπ 0 ) = (3.13+0.65 -0.44 ) × 10 -5 , Br(J/ψ → γη) = (11.23 ± 0.89) × 10 -4 , and Br(J/ψ → γη ′ ) = (5.55 ± 0.44) × 10 -3 , where the errors are combined statistical and systematic errors.The ratio of partial widths Γ(J/ψ → γη ′ )/Γ(J/ψ → γη) is measured to be 4.94 ± 0.40, and the singlet-octet pseudoscalar mixing angle of η -η ′ system is determined to be θ P = (-22.08±0.81)• .

Cross sections and form factors for e+e−→ωπ0, ρη, and ρη′ at center of mass energies of 3.650, 3.686, and 3.773 GeV are measured using data samples collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC. Also, the branching fractions of ψ(2S)→ωπ0, ρη, and ρη′ are determined to be (1.87+0.68−0.62±0.28)×10−5, (1.78+0.67−0.62±0.17)×10−5, and (1.87+1.64−1.11±0.33)×10−5, respectively.Received 11 October 2004Corrected 27 December 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.112007©2004 American Physical Society

Using a sample of 14×106 ψ(2S) events accumulated with the BES II detector, evidence for f0(980)f0(980) production in χc0 decays is obtained for the first time; the branching ratio is determined to be B[χc0→f0(980)f0(980)→π+π−π+π−]=[7.6±1.9 (stat)±1.6 (syst)]×10−4. The significance of the f0(980) signal is about 4.6σ.Received 28 June 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.092002©2004 American Physical Society

Using 14 million ψ(2S) events collected with the BESII detector, branching fractions of ψ(2S)→K∗(892)+K−+c.c. and K∗(892)0K¯0+c.c. are determined to be: B(ψ(2S)→K∗(892)+K−+c.c.)=(2.9−1.7+1.3±0.4)×10−5 and B(ψ(2S)→K∗(892)0K¯0+c.c.)=(13.3−2.7+2.4±1.7)×10−5. The results confirm the violation of the “12% rule” for these two decay channels. A large isospin violation between the charged and neutral modes is observed.

Using a sample of $58\times 10^6$ $J/\psi$ events collected with the BESII detector, radiative decays $J/\psi\to\gamma\gamma V$, where $V=\rho$ or $\phi$, are studied. A resonance around 1420 MeV/c$^2$ (X(1424)) is observed in the $\gamma\rho$ mass spectrum. Its mass and width are measured to be $1424\pm 10(stat)\pm 11(sys)$ MeV/c$^2$ and $ 101.0\pm 8.8 \pm 8.8$ MeV/c$^2$, respectively, and its branching ratio $B(J/\psi\to \gamma X(1424)\to \gamma \gamma \rho)$ is determined to be $(1.07\pm0.17 \pm 0.11)\times 10^{-4}$. A search for $X(1424)\to \gamma\phi$ yields a 95% C.L. upper limit $B(J/\psi\to \gamma X(1424)\to \gamma\gamma \phi) < 0.82 \times 10^{-4}$.

The processes ψ′→p¯pπ0 and ψ′→p¯pη are studied using a sample of 14×106 ψ′ decays collected with the Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. The branching fraction of ψ′→p¯pπ0 is measured with improved precision as (13.2±1.0±1.5)×10−5, and ψ′→p¯pη is observed for the first time with a branching fraction of (5.8±1.1±0.7)×10−5, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic.1 MoreReceived 1 March 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.072006©2005 American Physical Society

The branching ratio of J/ψ → K 0 S K 0 L is measured with improved precision to be B(J/ψ → K 0 S K 0 L ) = (1.82± 0.04 ± 0.13) × 10 -4 using J/ψ data collected with the Beijing Spectrometer (BESII) at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider.This result is used to test the perturbative QCD "12%" rule between ψ(2S) and J/ψ decays and to investigate the relative phase between the three-gluon and one-photon annihilation amplitudes in J/ψ decays.

Using the data sets of 17.3 pb$^{-1}$ collected at $\sqrt{s}=$ 3.773 GeV and 6.5 pb$^{-1}$ collected at $\sqrt{s}=$ 3.650 GeV with the BESII detector at the BEPC collider, we have measured the observed cross sections for 18 exclusive light hadron final states produced in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at the two energy points.

A search is presented for a high mass neutral particle that decays directly to the e ± μ ∓ final state. The data sample was recorded by the ATLAS detector in $\sqrt{s}=7\mbox{~TeV}$ pp collisions at the LHC from March to June 2011 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.07 fb−1. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model background. The high e ± μ ∓ mass region is used to set 95% confidence level upper limits on the production of two possible new physics processes: tau sneutrinos in an R-parity violating supersymmetric model and Z′-like vector bosons in a lepton flavor violating model.

New metastable massive particles with electric and colour charge are features of many theories beyond the Standard Model. A search is performed for long-lived gluino-based R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 31 pb−1. We search for evidence of particles that have come to rest in the ATLAS detector and decay at some later time during the periods in the LHC bunch structure without proton–proton collisions. No significant deviations from the expected backgrounds are observed, and a cross-section limit is set. It can be interpreted as excluding gluino-based R-hadrons with masses less than 341 GeV at the 95 % C.L., for lifetimes from 10−5 to 103 seconds and a neutralino mass of 100 GeV.

By analyzing the data sets of 17.3 pb−1 taken at s=3.773 GeV and 6.5 pb−1 taken at s=3.650 GeV with the BESII detector at the BEPC collider, we have measured the observed cross sections for 12 exclusive light hadron final states produced in e+e− annihilation at the two energy points. We have also set the upper limits on the observed cross sections and the branching fractions for ψ(3770) decay to these final states at 90% C.L.

Based on 58 million J/Psi events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC, the baryon pair processes J/Psi to $\Sigma^+ \bar{\Sigma}^-$ and J/Psi to $\Xi^0 \bar{\Xi}^0$ are observed for the first time. The branching fractions are measured to be ${\cal B}(J/Psi to \Sigma^+ \bar{\Sigma}^-)=(1.50\pm 0.10\pm 0.22)\times 10^{-3}$ and ${\cal B}(J/Psi to \Xi^0 \bar{\Xi}^0)=(1.20\pm 0.12\pm 0.21)\times 10^{-3}$, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic.

KS0KL0 from ψ′′ decays is searched for using the ψ′′ data collected by BESII at BEPC, and the upper limit of the branching fraction is determined to be B(ψ′′→KS0KL0)<2.1×10−4 at 90% C.L. The measurement is compared with the prediction of the S- and D-wave mixing model of the charmonia, based on the measurements of the branching fractions of J/ψ→KS0KL0 and ψ′→KS0KL0.Received 12 August 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.077101©2004 American Physical Society

Non-$D\overline{D}$ decay $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$ is searched for using a data sample of $(17.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{p}{\mathrm{b}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESII detector at the BEPC. No $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$ signal is observed, and the upper limit of the cross section is measured to be $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi})&lt;6.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pb}$ at 90% C. L. Considering the interference between the continuum amplitude and the $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ resonance amplitude, the branching fraction of $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ decays to $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$ is determined to be $\mathcal{B}(\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi})\ensuremath{\in}(6.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6},2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3})$ at 90% C. L. This is in agreement with the prediction of the $S$- and $D$-wave mixing scheme of the charmonium states for solving the ``$\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$ puzzle'' between $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ and $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$ decays.

Au/TiO2/SiO2 sandwich composite multilayer films were deposited by alternating multitarget magnetron sputtering technique. Annealing process was performed for as-growth. Au particles appeared between the layers and grew with the increasing of the annealing temperature. The surface plasmon resonance of the annealed films is around 570–590 nm. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility was measured with the backward degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) scheme at a 532 nm wavelength. The calculated values of χ(3) at 532 nm of the composite films are larger than 1.02 × 10−6 esu. We assume the multilayer sandwich topology of the Au/TiO2/SiO2 composite films has greatly enhanced the local field factor f and caused a larger χ(3) which is even not measured at the wavelength near the surface plasmon resonance of the composite materials.

Using 5.8×107J/ψ events collected in the BESII detector, the radiative decay J/ψ→γϕϕ→γK+K−KS0KL0 is studied. The ϕϕ invariant mass distribution exhibits a near-threshold enhancement that peaks around 2.24 GeV/c2. A partial wave analysis shows that the structure is dominated by a 0−+ state (η(2225)) with a mass of 2.24−0.02+0.03−0.02+0.03 GeV/c2 and a width of 0.19±0.03−0.04+0.06 GeV/c2. The product branching fraction is: Br(J/ψ→γη(2225))⋅Br(η(2225)→ϕϕ)=(4.4±0.4±0.8)×10−4.

The permeability of loosely porous media is difficult to test. A vacuum extraction based in-situ permeability test for loose porous media has been proposed. The calculation follows from the typical Darcy's law. A mathematical computational model of in situ permeability testing based on pressure decay curves has been developed. The effect of the depth of the return packing on the permeability test is analysed and the permeability of the porous media is obtained to verify the validity of the calculated method.

Identification of sugarcane stem nodes is generally dependent on high-performance recognition equipment in sugarcane seed pre-cutting machines and inefficient. Accordingly, this study proposes a novel lightweight architecture for the detection of sugarcane stem nodes based on the YOLOv5 framework, named G-YOLOv5s-SS. Firstly, the study removes the CBS and C3 structures at the end of the backbone network to fully utilize shallow-level feature information. This enhances the detection performance of sugarcane stem nodes. Simultaneously, it eliminates the 32 times down-sampled branches in the neck structure and the 20x20 detection heads at the prediction end, reducing model complexity. Secondly, a Ghost lightweight module is introduced to replace the conventional convolution module in the BottleNeck structure, further reducing the model’s complexity. Finally, the study incorporates the SimAM attention mechanism to enhance the extraction of sugarcane stem node features without introducing additional parameters. This improvement aims to enhance recognition accuracy, compensating for any loss in precision due to lightweight modifications. The experimental results showed that the average precision of the improved network for sugarcane stem node identification reached 97.6%, which was 0.6% higher than that of the YOLOv5 baseline network. Meanwhile, a model size of 2.6MB, 1,129,340 parameters, and 7.2G FLOPs, representing respective reductions of 82%, 84%, and 54.4%. Compared with mainstream one-stage target detection algorithms such as YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv4, YOLOv5n, YOLOv6n, YOLOv6s, YOLOv7-tiny, and YOLOv7, G-YOLOv5s-SS achieved respective average precision improvements of 12.9%, 5.07%, 3.6%, 2.1%, 1.2%, 3%, and 0.4% in sugarcane stem nodes recognition. Meanwhile, the model size was compressed by 88.9%, 98.9%, 33.3%, 72%, 92.9%, 78.8% and 96.3%, respectively. Compared with similar studies, G-YOLOv5s-SS not only enhanced recognition accuracy but also considered model size, demonstrating an overall excellent performance that aligns with the requirements of sugarcane seed pre-cutting machines.

Using photon conversions to e+e− pairs, the energy spectrum of inclusive photons from ψ(2S) radiative decays is measured with photon energy resolution (σEγ) in the range from 2.3 to 3.8 MeV by BESII at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. The χcJ(1P) states (J=0,1,2) are clearly observed, and their masses and the spin-averaged χcJ mass are determined to be Mχc0=3414.21±0.39±0.27, Mχc1=3510.30±0.14±0.16, Mχc2=3555.70±0.59±0.39, and M(Pcog3)=3524.85±0.32±0.30 MeV/c2, respectively.Received 6 February 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.092002©2005 American Physical Society

Using $J/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\psi}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays from a sample of approximately $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$ events collected with the BESI detector, the branching fractions of $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}J/\ensuremath{\psi},$ ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}J/\ensuremath{\psi},$ and anything $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ normalized to that of $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ are measured. The results are $B(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}J/\ensuremath{\psi})/B(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi})=0.098\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010,$ $B(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}J/\ensuremath{\psi})/B(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi})=0.570\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.026,$ and $B(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{anything}J/\ensuremath{\psi})/B(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi})=1.867\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.026\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.055.$

Decays of the $\psi(2S)$ into Vector plus Pseudoscalar meson final states have been studied with 14 million $\psi(2S)$ events collected with the BESII detector. Branching fractions of $\psi(2S) \rar\phi\eta$, $\phi\etap$, and $\omega\etap$, and upper limits of $\psi(2S) \rar \phi\piz$ and $\omega\eta$ are obtained: $B(\psi(2S) \rar\phi\eta) = (3.3\pm 1.1 \pm 0.5) \times 10^{-5}$, $B(\psi(2S) \rar\phi\etap) = (3.1\pm 1.4 \pm 0.7)\times 10^{-5}$, and $B(\psi(2S) \rar\omega\etap) = (3.2^{+2.4}_{-2.0} \pm 0.7) \times 10^{-5}$; and $B(\psi(2S) \rar\phi\piz) < 0.40 \times 10^{-5}$, and $B(\psi(2S) \rar\omega\eta) < 3.1 \times 10^{-5}$ at the 90 % C.L.. These results are used to test the pQCD ``12% rule''.

The lepton flavor violation processes $J/\psi \to \mu\tau$ and $e\tau$ are searched for using a sample of 5.8$\times 10^7$ $J/\psi$ events collected with the BESII detector. Zero and one candidate events, consistent with the estimated background, are observed in $J/\psi \to \mu\tau, \tau\to e\bar\nu_e\nu_{\tau}$ and $J/\psi\to e\tau, \tau\to\mu\bar\nu_{\mu}\nu_{\tau}$ decays, respectively. Upper limits on the branching ratios are determined to be $Br(J/\psi\to\mu\tau)<2.0 \times 10^{-6}$ and $Br(J/\psi \to e\tau) < 8.3 \times10^{-6}$ at the 90% confidence level (C.L.).

The cross sections for D-0 D-0, D+ D- and DD production by e(+)e(-) annihilation at the center-of-mass energy root s- = 3.773 GeV have been directly measured with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider. The measurement of the cross sections is made by analyzing both the singly tagged D events and the doubly tagged DD events from the data sample of about 17.3 pb(-1) collected at root s = 3.773 GeV. The observed cross sections are sigma(D0D0)(obs) = (3.47 +/- 0.32 +/- 0.21) nb, sigma(D+D-)(obs) = (2.46 +/- 0.33 +/- 0.20) nb and sigma(DD)(obs) = (5.93 +/- 0.46 +/- 0.35) nb, which correspond to the tree level cross sections to be sigma(D0D0) = (4.45 +/- 0.41 +/- 0.32) nb, sigma(D+D-) = (3.16 +/- 0.42 +/- 0.28) nb and sigma(DD) = (7.61 +/- 0.59 +/- 0.54) nb, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crystalline beta barium borate (β-BaB2O4) thin films have been successfully prepared in situ on several kinds of substrates by using opposed-targets magnetron sputtering. The crystallinity of these films is highly dependent on the deposition temperature. Crystalline films start to form at 500 °C and gradually become c-axis aligned as the temperature is increased. At 700 °C the film grown on sapphire substrates shows hundred-micrometer-sized domain structures with a single (006) x-ray diffraction peak normal to the film surface. For a linearly polarized fundamental beam incident along the surface normal, the second harmonic intensity exhibits a sixfold azimuthal pattern with a d22 second harmonic coefficient of 1.2 pm/V.

In a sample of 58 million J/ψ events collected with the BES II detector, the process J/ψ→γηc is observed in five decay channels: ηc→K+K−π+π−, π+π−π+π−, K±K0Sπ∓ (with K0S→π+π−), φφ (with φ→K+K−) and pp̄. From these signals, we determine Br(J/ψ→γηc)Br(ηc→K+K−π+π−)=(1.5±0.2±0.2)×10−4,Br(J/ψ→γηc)Br(ηc→π+π−π+π−)=(1.3±0.2±0.4)×10−4,Br(J/ψ→γηc)Br(ηc→K±KS0π∓)=(2.2±0.3±0.5)×10−4,Br(J/ψ→γηc)Br(ηc→φφ)=(3.3±0.6±0.6)×10−5,Br(J/ψ→γηc)Br(ηc→pp̄)=(1.9±0.3±0.3)×10−5.

Based on 5.8×107J/ψ events detected in BESII, the branching fractions of J/ψ→ϕη and ϕη′ are measured for different η and η′ decay modes. The results are significantly higher than previous measurements. An upper limit on B(J/ψ→ϕπ0) is also obtained.3 MoreReceived 15 October 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.032003©2005 American Physical Society

Decays of $\chi_{c0,2}\ar\ww$ are observed for the first time using a sample of $14.0\times 10^6$ $\psi(2S)$ events collected with the BESII detector. The branching ratios are determined to be ${\cal B}(\chi_{c0}\ar \ww)=(2.29\pm 0.58\pm 0.41)\times 10^{-3}$ and ${\cal B}(\chi_{c2}\ar\ww)=(1.77\pm 0.47\pm 0.36)\times 10^{-3}$, where the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. The significances of the two signals are $4.4\sigma$ and $4.7\sigma$, respectively.

Using 14×106 ψ(2S) events collected with the Beijing Spectrometer (BESII) at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider, the branching fractions of ψ(2S) decays to pn¯π− and p¯nπ+ and the branching fractions of the main background channels ψ(2S)→pn¯π−π0, ψ(2S)→γχc0→γpn¯π−, ψ(2S)→γχc2→γpn¯π−, and ψ(2S)→γχcJ→γpn¯π−π0 are determined. The contributions of the N* resonances in ψ(2S)→pn¯π−+c.c. are also discussed.1 MoreReceived 11 May 2006DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.74.012004©2006 American Physical Society

We report on a search for the decays J/ψ→Ds−e+νe+c.c., J/ψ→D−e+νe+c.c., and J/ψ→D0¯e+e−+c.c. in a sample of 5.8×107J/ψ events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC. No excess of signal above background is observed, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions are set: B(J/ψ→Ds−e+νe+c.c.)<4.9×10−5, B(J/ψ→D−e+νe+c.c.)<1.2×10−5, and B(J/ψ→D0¯e+e−+c.c.)<1.1×10−5.

We report measurements of the observed cross sections for e+e-→ωπ+π-, ωK+K-, ωpp̄, K+K-ρ0π0, K+K-ρ+π-+c.c., K*0K-π+π0+c.c., K*+K-π+π-+c.c., φπ+π-π0 and ΛΛ̄π0 at $\sqrt{s}= 3.773$ and 3.650 GeV. Upper limits (90% C.L.) are given for observed cross sections and for ψ(3770) decay branching fractions for production of these final states. These measurements are made by analyzing the data sets of 17.3 pb-1 collected at $\sqrt{s}=$ 3.773 GeV and 6.5 pb-1 collected at $\sqrt{s}=$ 3.650 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider.

We have prepared crystalline beta barium borate, β-BaB2O4 (the so-called BBO), thin films on several kinds of substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and opposed-targets magnetron sputtering (OTMS) techniques. From the measurement of X-ray diffraction, we have found that the crystallinity of the BBO film grown by both techniques is highly dependent on the deposition temperature and the choice of the substrates. There is a different phase transition temperature for the BBO films grown on different substrates and by different deposition techniques. The best films obtained were the ones grown on a sapphire (0 0 0 1) substrate at a deposition temperature of 800°C by PLD and 700°C by OTMS, which show a single X-ray diffraction (0 0 6) peak normal to the surface of the film. The second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of these films reveals a 6-fold symmetry with a large magnitude contrast between its maximum (1.2 pm/V) and minimum (0.2 pm/V).