Gourab Saha

Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies of all solid cancers. Precancerous lesions for PDAC include PanIN, IPMNs and MCNs. PDAC has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival of approximately 6%. Whereas Periampulary AdenoCarcinoma (PAC) having four anatomic subtypes, pancreatic, Common Bile Duct (CBD), ampullary and duodenum shows relative better prognosis. The highest incidence of PDAC has been reported with black with respect to white population. Similarly, incidence rate of PAC also differs with different ethnic populations. Several lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposures including long-term diabetes, obesity, and smoking, have been linked to PDAC, however, for PAC the causal risk factors were poorly described. It is now clear that PDAC and PAC are a multi-stage process resulting from the accumulation of genomic alterations in the somatic DNA of normal cells as well as inherited mutations. Approximately 10% of PDAC have a familial inheritance. Germline mutations in CDKN2A, BRCA2, STK11, PALB2, PRSS1, etc., as well as certain syndromes have been well associated with predisposition to PDAC. KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4 are the 4 "mountains" (high-frequency driver genes) which have been known to earliest somatic alterations for PDAC while relatively less frequent in PAC. Our understanding of the molecular carcinogenesis has improved in the last few years due to extensive research on PDAC which was not well explored in case of PAC. The genetic alterations that have been identified in PDAC and different subgroups of PAC are important implications for the development of genetic screening test, early diagnosis, and prognostic genetic markers. The present review will provide a brief overview of the incidence and prevalence of PDAC and PAC, mainly, increased risk in India, the several kinds of risk factors associated with the diseases as well as required genetic alterations for disease initiation and progression.

Commercial plant tissue culture now primarily serves the ornamental horticulture industry. The main pillars of the commercial tissue culture business are scalability of production, cost reduction, limited labor involvement, high quality, and genetic homogeneity of propagated plants. Based on these requirements, the current protocol employs a partially immersed liquid culture medium supported by a flexible aluminum mesh raft with a wire stand to facilitate shoot organogenesis from the horizontally placed root explants and hold the plants upright for shoot multiplication and rooting of Limonium Misty Blue. It is a florist crop that is in high demand as both dried and fresh flower fillers in various floral decorations. The majority of cultivated Limonium or statice cultivars are heterozygous in nature and propagate commercially through in vitro propagation to cater to the huge demand for planting materials needed for flower production. This is the first protocol to describe direct shoot organogenesis from the roots in a liquid half-component of Murashige and Skoog's (1962) (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.6 μM NAA and 1.1 μM BA. The regenerated shoots are multiplied and rooted at the same time on the raft in a MS-based liquid culture medium that included 0.44 μM BA and 1.07 μM NAA. In comparison to agar-gelled medium, plants cultured in liquid medium grow more quickly without any signs of hyperhydricity. In liquid medium, a clump of 4-5 shoots is formed from a single shoot explant within 4 weeks and are rooted simultaneously within 6 weeks. On average, seven explants may fit on each raft, so on average, 25 healthy plants are produced from a single bottle. The regenerated plants are easily hardened in the greenhouse, and using ISSR-based molecular markers, the genetic homogeneity of the randomly selected hardened plants can be determined.

Countless research has suggested Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) to be a top candidate for being implemented as thermal barrier coatings (TBC). However, when exposed to prolonged service, temperature and stress variations succeed in initiating a catastrophic phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic structure in Zirconia. Hence, the estimation of endurance for YSZ-based TBC is necessary to minimize failure in such situations. The main purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between tribological investigations and the estimated lifespan of YSZ coatings accurately. The study used various methods such as wear resistance testing, optical profilometry, specific wear rate, and coefficient of friction to estimate the maximum durability of TBCs. The research also provided insights into the composition and microstructure of the TBC system and found the optimized concentration of Yttrium doping to be 3.5 wt %. The study discovered that erosion was the main cause of roughness depreciation from SN to S1000. The estimation of the service life was primarily made based on optical profilometry, specific wear rate (SWR), coefficient of friction (COF) and wear resistance values which were further supported by the results of chemical characterization of the samples through electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results were reliable and accurate and suggested future areas of investigation, such as 3D profilometry for surface roughness and thermal conductivity evaluation using laser-assisted infrared thermometers.

Abstract A color octet isodoublet can have esoteric origins and it complies with minimal flavour violation. In this study, we take a scenario where the well known Type-X Two-Higgs doublet model is augmented with a color octet isodoublet. We shed light on how such a setup can predict the recently observed value for the W -boson mass. The two-loop Barr-Zee contributions to muon $$g-2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> stemming from the colored scalars are evaluated. It is subsequently found that the parameter space compatible with the observed muon $$g-2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> gets relaxed w.r.t. what it is in the pure Type-X 2HDM by virtue of the contribution from the colored scalars. The extended parameter region therefore successfully accounts for both the W -mass and muon $$g-2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> anomalies simultaneously. Finally, a collider signature leading to a $$\tau ^+ \tau ^- b \overline{b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> final state is explored at the 14 TeV LHC using both cut-based and multivariate techniques. Such a signal can confirm the existence of both colorless as well colored scalars that are introduced by this framework.

Abstract Background Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer of the exocrine pancreas and 5-year survival rates remain constant at 7%. Along with PDAC, Periampullary Adenocarcinoma (PAC) accounts for 0.5–2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Genomic observations were well concluded for PDAC and PACs in western countries but no reports are available from India till now. Methods Targeted Next Generation Sequencing were performed in 8 (5 PDAC and 3 PAC) tumour normal pairs, using a panel of 412 cancer related genes. Primary findings were replicated in 85 tumour samples (31 PDAC and 54 PAC) using the Sanger sequencing. Mutations were also validated by ASPCR, RFLP, and Ion Torrent sequencing. IHC along with molecular dynamics and docking studies were performed for the p.A138V mutant of TP53 . Key polymorphisms at TP53 and its associated genes were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method and association with somatic mutations were evaluated. All survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier survival method which revealed that the survival rates varied significantly depending on the somatic mutations the patients harboured. Results Among the total 114 detected somatic mutations, TP53 was the most frequently mutated (41%) gene, followed by KRAS , SMAD4 , CTNNB1 , and ERBB3. We identified a novel hotspot TP53 mutation ( p.A138V , in 17% of all patients). Low frequency of KRAS mutation (33%) was detected in these samples compared to patients from Western counties. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and DNA-protein docking analysis predicted p.A138V to have oncogenic characteristics. Patients with p.A138V mutation showed poorer overall survival ( p = 0.01 ). So, our finding highlights elevated prevalence of the p53 p.A138V somatic mutation in PDAC and pancreatobiliary PAC patients. Conclusion Detection of p.A138V somatic variant in TP53 might serve as a prognostic marker to classify patients. It might also have a role in determining treatment regimes. In addition, low frequency of KRAS hotspot mutation mostly in Indian PDAC patient cohort indicates presence of other early drivers in malignant transformation.

Paperless Operation has become a very big matter of fact and demand of the society in this fast growing world around us. With increasing population and proportionally increasing services day by day it is ethically very hard to accommodate every single transaction with a piece of paper because that costs a number of trees to the environment. As this rapid cutting of trees have adverse effect on environment and the ecological balance. To solve such problem we need paperless technologies. DSign is a digital signature system that facilitates creation of digital signatures for documents/articles online, and also facilitates users to communicate online without a need to use any complicated methodology like RSA encryption or USB e-token. It also allows status tracking of the document and empowers the proprietor to maintain the same. DSign has built in features which allows feasibility of operation with digital signatures and also allows faster creation of signature keys alongside provide instant verification of document/article online. It binds every single signatory and addressee together into a same network for easier and faster communication that has never been possible before. DSign do not encrypt the entire document, it creates signatures using basic information of any document/article. It hosts a public database to index the all the documents created by various proprietor in one place. That helps easy accessibility for validation of information about any document/article.

Angular distributions of products formed in the reactions 65 Cu(p,pn) 64 Cu, 197 Au(p,pn) I96 Au, and 197 Au(p,p3n) 194 Au in the range of proton energy 30–85 MeV were studied. The angular distribution results of 64 Cu and 196 Au show forward peaking at low energy and sidewise peaking at higher energies. Approximate symmetry about 90° was observed for the angular distribution of 194 Au in the center-of-mass system. The experimental results have been compared with (a) Monte Carlo evaporation calculations, (b) cascade–evaporation calculations at 85 MeV for 64 Cu, and (c) inelastic scattering plus evaporation calculations.Good agreement was obtained with statistical theory calculations at low energy and inelastic scattering model calculations at higher energies. The comparisons indicate that the reactions proceed by the compound nucleus mechanism at lower energies and the direct interaction mechanism predominates at higher energies.

The global floriculture market is expected to reach US$41.1 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 5% over the analysis period 2020–2027; on the year 2020, the recorded market value in this trade was US$29.2 billion. The florists mainly use Anthurium andraeanum flowers in fashionable bouquets and floral arrangements because of their beautiful, attractive bright colored eye-catching spathe, candle-like spadix, prolonged vase life, etc. The cut flower industry always seeks elite cultivars and new hybrids of A. andraeanum, that in turn depend on the availability of large numbers of clonal planting propagules. In vitro somatic embryogenesis is an important technique for large-scale clonal propagation, development of transgenic plants, creation of new variety by somaclonal variation, mutagenesis on in vitro plants, and germplasm preservation for future use. Here, we describe the protocol of somatic embryogenesis of Anthurium andraeanum cv. Cancan, an important commercial cultivated variety. The protocol has been optimized by using 4 different types of culture media which are used during embryogenic callus induction, multiplication of callus, induction of somatic embryogenesis, and maturation plus conversion of embryos into plantlets. The protocol outlines the detailed methods from mother plant procurement to hardening of micro plants that is ready to transfer in the field and it can be used for large-scale commercial propagation.

We analyse in a model independent way the possibilities of digging out neutral exotic Higgs states, should they exist endowed with unconventional couplings with ordinary matter and gauge fields, at the 14 TeV run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), adding some comparative studies for 13.6 and 13 TeV runs. Flavor models, based on some discrete symmetry groups, with extended scalar sectors are known to yield exotic spin-0 states, both CP-even and CP-odd, with purely flavor off-diagonal Yukawa couplings. The gauge interaction of one such CP-even state is also unusual that, unlike the Standard Model Higgs boson, it does not couple to gauge boson pairs. Such unconventional properties immune these exotic states from receiving traditional collider and electroweak constraints, and hence those states could be light. Without committing to any specific model, exploiting their peculiar Yukawa and gauge properties, we explore the discovery potential of those exotic Higgs states through some interesting topologies by figuring out some specific kinematic variables that suppress the backgrounds.

Abstract Introduction: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common primary malignant disease of the pancreas and the periampullary region, accounts for about 75% of all nonendocrine tumors arising in this region. It is 4th most lethal malignancies. The 5 year survivability rate is below 5%. At the beginning of the 21st century, the estimated number of PC worldwide was 110,000, with an estimated global mortality rate of 98%. Incidence of periampullary adenocarinoma (PACs) is low, approximately 0.5-2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies and 20% of all tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tree. Aims &amp; Objectives: To identify the somatic single nucleotide variants (SNV’s) in 412 cancer related genes in PDAC &amp; PAC’s. To identify possible altered biological pathways enriched in these cancers. Methodology: DNA samples from Tissue and blood were sequenced for exon sequencing of 412 cancer related genes (NIMBLGNE panel, Custom). Raw fastq files processed using GATK tools and variants identified by Varscan2, &amp; MuTect. Altered pathways identified by KEEG. Result: A total 105 Somatic exonic Single Nucleotide Variants (SNV’s), 9 somatic exonic Indels, 22 LOH mutations (both Indel and SNV’s) were identified in our sample set. Among the candidate genes of PDAC somatic SNV’s were found in TP53, SMAD4 in some patient whereas frequency of KRAS mutation was less frequent. Fourteen SNV’s were reported in cosmic database which includes 5 pathogenic variants, whereas 91 SNV’s were novel. A total 75 non-synonymous, 6 stopgain, and 24 synonymous SNV’s were observed among 105 SNV’s. Fifty eight percent of transversion and 52% of transition observed from all SNVs. Among all transversion fifty five percent SNV’s were C&amp;gt;T, G&amp;gt;T. PI3-Akt, Proteoglycans in cancer, Transcription misregulation, Rap1, ErbB, Neurotrophin pathways were found to be most commonly enriched in our patient population. Our data strongly suggest PI3-Akt, Proteoglycans in cancer pathways play a critical role in the disease. Conclusion: This study implicates a landscape of somatic SNV’s in PDAC’s and PAC’s and alteration of biological pathways in our patient population. We also observeed ERBB2 and KMT2C genes are predominantly alerted in PDAC’s and PAC’s. P53, KRAS and SMAD4 are the known mutated genes contributes very similar mutational pattern. Citation Format: Nilabja Sikdar, Gourab Saha, Richa Singh, Dhiraj Anchlia, Paromita Roy, Supriyo Ghatak, Sudeep Banerjee, Sumit Gulati, Shibajyoti Ghosh. Somatic genomic alteration of 412 cancer-targeted genes of periampullary and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Indian patient population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4395. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4395

We analyse in a model independent way the possibilities of digging out neutral exotic Higgs states, should they exist endowed with unconventional couplings with ordinary matter and gauge fields, at the 14 TeV run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), adding some comparative studies for 13.6 and 13 TeV runs. Flavor models, based on some discrete symmetry groups, with extended scalar sectors are known to yield exotic spin-0 states, both CP-even and CP-odd, with purely flavor off-diagonal Yukawa couplings. The gauge interaction of one such CP-even state is also unusual that, unlike the Standard Model Higgs boson, it does not couple to gauge boson pairs. Such unconventional properties immune these exotic states from receiving traditional collider and electroweak constraints, and hence those states could be light. Without committing to any specific model, exploiting their peculiar Yukawa and gauge properties, we explore the discovery potential of those exotic Higgs states through some interesting topologies by figuring out some specific kinematic variables that suppress the backgrounds.

Exotic spin-$0$ states with unusual couplings with the gauge and matter fields of the Standard Model are worth exploring at the CERN LHC. Though our approach is largely model independent, we take inspiration from flavor models based on some discrete symmetries which predict a set of a scalar and a pseudoscalar having purely off-diagonal Yukawa interactions with quarks and leptons. In a previous paper, some of us explored how to decipher such exotic scalar and pseudoscalar states whose off-diagonal Yukawa couplings involve light quarks. In this work we follow a complementary path and focus on the Yukawa couplings that necessarily involve a top quark. If one such spin-$0$ state is lighter than the top quark, then the rare decay of the latter, on account of the high yield of the $t\bar t$ events, could provide a potential hunting ground of those exotic states particularly during the high luminosity phase of the LHC run. We carry out an exhaustive collider analysis of some promising signatures of those exotic states using sophisticated Machine Learning techniques and obtain considerable signal significance.

A color octet isodoublet can have esoteric origins and it complies with minimal flavour violation. In this study, we take a scenario where the well known Type-X Two-Higgs doublet model is augmented with a color octet isodoublet. We shed light on how such a setup can predict the recently observed value for the $W$-boson mass. We also evaluate the two-loop Barr-Zee contributions to muon $g-2$ stemming from the colored scalars. The parameter space compatible with the observed muon $g-2$ gets relaxed w.r.t. what it is in the pure Type-X 2HDM by virtue of the contribution from the colored scalars. The extended parameter region therefore successfully accounts for both the $W$-mass and muon $g-2$ anomalies successfully. Finally, a collider signature leading to $\tau^+ \tau^- b \bar{b}$ final state is explored at the 14 TeV LHC using both cut-based and multivariate techniques. Such a signal can confirm the existence of both colorless as well colored scalars that are introduced by this framework.

Background: The peripheral interstitial involvement in diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) can affect the small airways and, thus influence the FEF25–75 (forced expiratory flow), a marker of small airway function in spirometry. Here we evaluate the role of FEF25–75 for the diagnosis of DPLD that is otherwise diagnosed by high-resolution computerized tomography of chest.

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Thick-target recoil experiments were performed to study (p,pn) reactions induced in 65 Cu and 197 Au in the energy range of 20–85 MeV and the average ranges projected in the forward, backward, and perpendicular directions were determined. Recoil parameters have been calculated to show approximately the amount of energy transfer and their energy dependence. The average range results have been compared with statistical theory, cascade–evaporation (85 MeV only), and inelastic scattering model calculations. The statistical calculations show reasonable agreement up to 30–40 MeV. However, the calculated projected range values, based on the cascade–evaporation and the inelastic scattering models, are consistently lower than the measured values. The analyses of the projected range values support the prevalent view that at low energies (~ 30–35 MeV), the compound nucleus mechanism is predominant and at higher energies, the direct interaction mechanism makes a major contribution.

The present CMS Tracker will be replaced by a new improved tracking detector for operation at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC).The outer part of the new tracking detector will comprise modules with two closely spaced parallel silicon sensors with front-end ASICs capable of transmitting information about high transverse momentum tracks to the CMS Level-1 trigger system at the 40 MHz beam bunch crossing rate.The inclusion of tracking information in the L1 trigger decision will be crucial to select events of interest with high efficiency at the HL-LHC.The three outermost layers of the Tracker will be made of strip-strip (2S) sensors and read out by the CMS Binary Chip (CBC) designed to correlate hits on the pair of sensors, forming so-called track stubs.Three full-sized 2S modules, equipped with the final version of the CBC (version 3) have been tested in a beam test setup at DESY, Germany.Here, the performance of one of the prototype 2S modules has been discussed in detail.