Fabio Monti

Abstract The Italian monthly temperature (mean, maximum and minimum) and precipitation secular data set was updated and completely revised. Station density and metadata availability were greatly improved and the series were subjected to a detailed quality control and homogenisation procedure. The data homogenisation is described in detail. The bias affecting original data is quantified by studying the temporal evolution of the mean adjustments applied to the series and examined in the light of the stations history. The results stress the importance of homogenisation in climate change studies. The final data set was clustered into climatically homogeneous regions by means of a Principal Component Analysis. Yearly and seasonal trend analyses were performed both on regional average series and on the mean Italian series. The results highlight a positive trend for mean temperature of about 1 K per century all over Italy; it is generally higher for minimum temperature than for the maximum temperature. The progressive application of trend analysis shows that, in the last 50 years, behaviour is the opposite; the maximum temperature trend being stronger than that of the minimum temperature. This has led to a negative trend in the daily temperature range that for the last 50 years has become positive. Precipitation shows a decreasing tendency, even if low and rarely significant, the negative trend being only 5% per century on a yearly basis. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.

A new data set of 45 daily precipitation series, covering quite uniformly Italian territory for the period 1880–2002, was recovered. The series have been homogenized on daily basis, completed by means of statistical methods and grouped into five regions by a Principal Component Analysis. Seasonal and yearly total precipitation, number of wet days, and precipitation intensity were analyzed for each station record and averaged into five regional series for a synthetic description of the results. Proportion and frequency of daily rainfall amounts, belonging to six precipitation class‐intervals, defined on the basis of some percentiles of the precipitation distribution, were also analyzed. The results show a negative significant trend in the number of wet days all over Italy, and a positive trend in precipitation intensity, which is significant only in the northern regions. The negative trend in wet days has persisted since the end of 19th century and is due to the marked decrease in the number of low intensity precipitation events. An increase in the number of events belonging to the highest intensity class interval was observed too, but only in northern regions.

The voluntary control of phonation is a crucial achievement in the evolution of speech. In humans, ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and Broca's area are known to be involved in voluntary phonation. In contrast, no neurophysiological data are available about the role of the oro-facial sector of nonhuman primates PMv in this function. In order to address this issue, we recorded PMv neurons from two monkeys trained to emit coo-calls. Results showed that a population of motor neurons specifically fire during vocalization. About two thirds of them discharged before sound onset, while the remaining were time-locked with it. The response of vocalization-selective neurons was present only during conditioned (voluntary) but not spontaneous (emotional) sound emission. These data suggest that the control of vocal production exerted by PMv neurons constitutes a newly emerging property in the monkey lineage, shedding light on the evolution of phonation-based communication from a nonhuman primate species.

The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, was a success achieved with only a percent of the entire dataset foreseen for the LHC. It opened a landscape of possibilities in the study of Higgs boson properties, Electroweak Symmetry breaking and the Standard Model in general, as well as new avenues in probing new physics beyond the Standard Model. Six years after the discovery, with a conspicuously larger dataset collected during LHC Run 2 at a 13 TeV centre-of-mass energy, the theory and experimental particle physics communities have started a meticulous exploration of the potential for precision measurements of its properties. This includes studies of Higgs boson production and decays processes, the search for rare decays and production modes, high energy observables, and searches for an extended electroweak symmetry breaking sector. This report summarises the potential reach and opportunities in Higgs physics during the High Luminosity phase of the LHC, with an expected dataset of pp collisions at 14 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 ab$^{-1}$. These studies are performed in light of the most recent analyses from LHC collaborations and the latest theoretical developments. The potential of an LHC upgrade, colliding protons at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV and producing a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$^{-1}$, is also discussed.

This document presents the measurements of the Higgs boson (H) couplings with the data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment. After more than ten years since the H discovery, one of the main goals of the LHC physics program is the characterization of this particle, which includes measurements of its mass, decay width, and couplings. In order to perform an extensive test of the standard model (SM) predictions, the measurements of the H cross sections and branching ratios in the most sensitive production and decay channels are statistically combined. The measurements are interpreted in terms of deviations of H couplings to fermions and vector bosons from the SM. No significant deviations are observed. The uncertainty on most of the couplings is better than $10\% $. Constraints on the H boson trilinear self-coupling constant ($\lambda$) are also extracted from the combined H cross section and branching ratio measurements. The H production cross sections and decay branching ratios depend on $\lambda$ because of electroweak corrections at the next-to-leading order. The results are found consistent with the SM and the constraints on $\lambda$ are similar to the ones extracted from the searches for the H pair production.

Abstract For optimal operations in the high radiation and pileup environment of the HL-LHC, the CMS-HGCAL requires precise timing information at the level of 30 ps (RMS) for a particle shower. The time measurement in silicon detector modules is performed using a per-channel time-of-arrival discriminator coupled with charge measurement to correct for the time-walk. The module design includes access holes in the PCB and in the sensor passivation to enable infrared laser light to be injected directly into the sensor cells. We present the calibration and timing-in of the system used to perform measurements.

Abstract A homogenized 236 year daily regional sea‐level pressure (SLP) record is constructed for the Po Plain (north Italy) by means of six station records: Bologna, Genoa, Lugano, Milan, Padua and Turin. Station records are subjected to a first homogenization in order to reduce all observations to sea level and to 0°C and to correct the bias introduced by calculating daily means using different sets of observation hours. A second homogenization is performed by means of comparison with other Italian and European series. After homogenization, the root‐mean square error of the yearly station records is evaluated within 0.2 hPa after 1880, whereas for the periods 1834–1880 and 1765–1833 it is estimated as between 0.2 and 0.3 hPa and as around 0.4 hPa respectively. Trend analysis is applied to the annual and seasonal regional records and concerns both SLP and its day‐to‐day variability. The results show that neither the SLP nor its day‐to‐day variability have an evident trend when considering the entire 1765–2000 period. However, if the series is divided roughly in two parts, then significant trends can be highlighted. The annual and seasonal regional SLP records are also compared with corresponding regional temperature series. The results show that, especially in spring and in summer, temperature and SLP are in good agreement. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society

Summary. — The awareness of the importance of data quality and homogeneity issues in the correct detection of climate change has increased rapidly in the last few years. Most of the contributions have been addressed to upper air data, however errors and inhomogeneities also concern surface ones. At surface level it is often assumed that such inhomogeneities have random distribution and that, considering a sufficiently large number of series, average records with negligible bias can be obtained. This assumption is likely to be correct if global or hemispheric averages are considered, but it may not be correct at a regional scale. The aim of the work is a rigorous reconstruction of the Italian climate for the last centuries (the longest series start in the late 1700s), with particular attention to the identification of spurious non-climatic signals introduced by changing instruments and methods in the measurement procedures. A data set of 111 precipitation series, 48 minimum and maximum temperature series and 67 mean temperature series was set up, together with the information about the station history (metadata). The records were subjected to a detailed quality control and homogenisation procedure that was extensively supported by a large metadata availability. The series were grouped by means of Principal Component Analysis and regional average records were obtained and analysed for trends. Trend analysis was performed on seasonal and annual basis by means of the progressive Mann-Kendall statistics and the progressive analysis of the linear regression coefficients. A comparison between the homogenized and the original series and the preliminary results of the analysis are presented. Particular emphasis is given to stress the importance of data homogenisation in the correct detection of long-term trends. PACS 92.60.Ry – Climatology. PACS 92.60.Jq – Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation). PACS 92.60.Wc – Weather analysis and prediction. PACS 01.30.Cc – Conference proceedings.

The expected shortfall or conditional value-at-risk is discussed as often it is now recommended as an alternative to the risk measure of value-at-risk. At the same time, the Monte Carlo method is widely used as a way to derive a statistical approximation of the results. In this note, it is demonstrated that the Monte Carlo method can have extremely bad convergence properties for heavy tailed distributions in combination with specific risk measures, including conditional value-at-risk.

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsVolume 5, Issue 3 p. 203-207 Serum levels, tissue distribution and residues of neomycin following intramuscular administration in chicks S. CARLI, S. CARLI Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this authorG. PERRETTA, G. PERRETTA Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this authorF. MONTI, F. MONTI Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this authorO. SONZOGNI, O. SONZOGNI Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this authorR. FAUSTINI, R. FAUSTINI Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this author S. CARLI, S. CARLI Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this authorG. PERRETTA, G. PERRETTA Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this authorF. MONTI, F. MONTI Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this authorO. SONZOGNI, O. SONZOGNI Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this authorR. FAUSTINI, R. FAUSTINI Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1982 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1982.tb00433.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume5, Issue3September 1982Pages 203-207 RelatedInformation

Precise calibration and monitoring of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is a key ingredient in achieving the excellent ECAL performance required by many physics analyses employing electrons and photons. This poster describes the methods used to monitor and inter-calibrate the ECAL response, using physics channels such as W/Z boson decays to electrons and pi0/eta decays to photon pairs, and also exploiting the azimuthal symmetry of the minimum bias events. Results of the calibrations obtained with Run 2 data are presented.