F. Ligabue

The Italian institute for nuclear physics (INFN) has financed the SIMP project (2019–2021) in order to strengthen its skills and technologies in the field of meV detectors with the ultimate aim of developing a single microwave photon detector. This goal will be pursued by improving the sensitivity and the dark-count rate of two types of photodetectors: current-biased Josephson junction (CBJJ) for the frequency range 10–50 GHz and transition-edge sensor (TES) for the frequency range 30–100 GHz. Preliminary results on materials and devices characterization are presented.

Multiple scattering effects of 12 and 20 GeV electrons on 8 and 20 mm thickness carbon targets have been studied with high-resolution silicon microstrip detectors of the UA9 apparatus at the H8 line at CERN . Comparison of the scattering angle between data and GEANT4 simulation shows excellent agreement in the core of the distributions leaving some residual disagreement in the tails.

Abstract Josephson junctions, in appropriate configurations, can be excellent candidates for detection of single photons in the microwave frequency band. Such possibility has been recently addressed in the framework of galactic axion detection. Here are reported recent developments in the modelling and simulation of dynamic behaviour of a Josephson junction single microwave photon detector. For a Josephson junction to be enough sensitive, small critical currents and operating temperatures of the order of ten of mK are necessary. Thermal and quantum tunnelling out of the zero-voltage state can also mask the detection process. Axion detection would require dark count rates in the order of 0.001 Hz. It is, therefore, is of paramount importance to identify proper device fabrication parameters and junction operation point.

The CDF Associative-Memory device (AM), proven technology developed for the Silicon-Vertex-Trigger at the CDF experiment, is one of the proposed solutions at the LHC for track reconstruction at level-1 in the HL-LHC upgrade, for very high-luminosity conditions (hundreds proton-proton collisions every 25 ns, at 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">34</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">- 2</sup> sec <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">- 1</sup> ). This luminosity requires a drastic revision of the existing trigger strategies. In the CMS experiment, one of the identified challenges for future upgrades is the capability of using already at L1 the tracker information to trigger events. Simulation studies show that this can be achieved by correlating hits on two closely spaced silicon strip sensors. This strategy requires massive computing power, to minimize the online execution time of complex tracking algorithms and the “combinatorial challenge.” The AM allows to compare the tracker information of each event to pre-calculated “expectations” (pattern matching) in a so short time that tracks can contribute to the trigger decision. One of the main challenges for the CMS tracker is the latency due to the tracker data distribution to the AM processors. A very parallelized readout architecture and a possible layout are discussed.

The response to pions of an ALEPH electromagnetic calorimeter petal combined with the ALEPH hadron calorimeter prototype has been studied in the energy range between 2 and 30 GeV. The resolution of the combined calorimeters was found to be lower than that for the hadron calorimeter alone at low energies and approached this value at higher energies.

Experience at high luminosity hadrons collider experiments shows that tracking information enhances the trigger rejection capabilities while retaining high efficiency for interesting physics events.The design of a tracking based trigger for Super LHC (S-LHC), the already envisaged high luminosity upgrade of the LHC collider, is an extremely challenging task, and requires the identification of high-momentum particle tracks as a part of the Level 1 Trigger.Simulation studies show that this can be achieved by correlating hits on two closely spaced silicon strip sensors.The progresses on the design and development of this micro-strip stacked prototype modules and the performance of few prototype detectors will be presented.The prototypes have been built with the silicon sensors and electronics used to equip the present CMS[1] Tracker.Preliminary results of a simulated tracker layout equipped with stacked modules are discussed in terms of p T resolution and triggering capabilities.The study of real prototypes in terms of signal over noise and tracking performance with cosmic rays and a dedicated beam test experiment will also be shown.©2011 CERN, for the benefit of CMS Collaboration.

CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass) is a multi-flight balloon mission designed to collect direct data on the elemental composition and individual energy spectra of cosmic rays. Two instrument suites have been built to be flown alternately on a yearly base. The tungsten/Sci-Fi imaging calorimeter for the second flight, scheduled for December 2005, was calibrated with electron and proton beams at CERN. A calibration procedure based on the study of the longitudinal shower profile is described and preliminary results of the beam test are presented.

The CDF Associative-Memory device (AM), proven technology developed for the Silicon-Vertex-Trigger at the CDF experiment, is one of the proposed solutions at the LHC for track reconstruction at level-1 in the HL-LHC upgrade, for very high-luminosity conditions (hundreds proton-proton collisions every 25 ns, at 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">34</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> sec <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ). This luminosity requires a drastic revision of the existing trigger strategies. In the CMS experiment, one of the identified challenges for future upgrades is the capability of using already at L1 the tracker information to trigger events. Simulation studies show that this can be achieved by correlating hits on two closely spaced silicon strip sensors. This strategy requires massive computing power, to minimize the online execution time of complex tracking algorithms and the “combinatorial challenge”. The AM allows to compare the tracker information of each event to pre-calculated “expectations” (pattern matching) in a so short time that tracks can contribute to the trigger decision. One of the main challenges for the CMS tracker is the latency due to the tracker data distribution to the AM processors. A very parallelized readout architecture and a possible layout are discussed.

We have proposed CALET (CALorimetric Electron Telescope) mission to make observations of high energy cosmic rays, electrons, gamma-rays, and nuclei, on the International Space Station (ISS). CALET mission has been approved as one of candidates for the next mission utilizing the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). The detector of CALET consists of an imaging calorimeter (IMC) and a total absorption calorimeter (TASC). Main objective of cosmic-ray observation with CALET is to determine precise energy spectrum of electrons up to 20 TeV. As the super nova remnants (SNR) are taken to be sources of electrons, some structure caused by nearby electron sources is expected to appear in the energy spectrum over 1 TeV. Gamma-rays from 20 MeV to a few TeV can be also observed by CALET. Because a thick TASC of CALET gives high energy resolution, annihilation line of SUSY particle, which is a candidate of the dark matter, can be detected. Observation of nuclei is also possible up to 1000 TeV owing to the thick TASC. We have been going on conceptual design of CALET to clear a next judgment in one or two years to proceed to practical development for launching in 2013.

Tracker Inner Barrel half-cylinders and Tracker Inner Disks of the CMS tracker have been integrated in three INFN sites. Integrated structures are submitted to an extensive set of tests whose main aim is to validate the functioning of the structures in CMS-like conditions. The tests have furthermore proven to be a great opportunity to study several aspects of the performance in detail. In this note the tests are described in some detail and an overview of the results is presented.

CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass) is a multi-flight balloon mission designed to collect direct data on the elemental composition and individual energy spectra of cosmic rays. Two instrument suites have been built to be flown alternately on a yearly base. The tungsten/Sci-Fi imaging calorimeter for the second flight, scheduled for December 2005, was calibrated with electron and proton beams at CERN. A calibration procedure based on the study of the longitudinal shower profile is described and preliminary results of the beam test are presented.

Hadronic showers in an iron-streamer tube sampling calorimeter have been studied for energies ranging between 3 and 25 GeV. Longitudinal and transverse energy distributions have been parametrized and compared with those determined for iron-scintillator calorimeters.

The search for the rare \BMuMu and \BsMuMu decays in pp collisions at $\sqrt s = 7$~GeV and $\sqrt s = 8$~GeV, collected at the LHC in 2011 and 2012, is briefly reviewed. The data analyzed by CMS correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 5 and 20 $\rm fb^{-1}$, respectively. The time-integrated average branching fraction $\left $ has been measured to be $(3.0 ^{+1.0}_{-0.9})\times 10^{-9}$ in accordance with the Standard Model predictions, while an upper limit $\left < 1.1\times 10^{-9}) $ has been placed on the other investigated decay at 95% CL. A preliminary combination with the results from LHCb is also presented for both channels, and prospects for the future are briefly discussed.

The search for the rare \BMuMu and \BsMuMu decays in pp collisions at $\sqrt s = 7$~GeV and $\sqrt s = 8$~GeV, collected at the LHC in 2011 and 2012, is briefly reviewed. The data analyzed by CMS correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 5 and 20 $\rm fb^{-1}$, respectively. The time-integrated average branching fraction $\left<{\mathcal B }( { B^{0}_{s}\rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-} )\right>$ has been measured to be $(3.0 ^{+1.0}_{-0.9})\times 10^{-9}$ in accordance with the Standard Model predictions, while an upper limit $\left<{ \mathcal B }( B^{0}\rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-)\right> < 1.1\times 10^{-9}) $ has been placed on the other investigated decay at 95% CL. A preliminary combination with the results from LHCb is also presented for both channels, and prospects for the future are briefly discussed.

The first results in b physics obtained by the CMS collaboration from the data collected in pp collisions at 7 TeV at the LHC. In particular, results are reported on heavy quarkoniun production (J/ψ) and Y), and on inclusive b jet production cross section. Progress on exclusive reconstructions is also mentioned.

The gas gain monitoring system of the Aleph hadron calorimeter is described. The dependence of the charge response to a) the ratio between the pressure to temperature and b) the gas mixture parameters (Ar/CO2 ratio and isobutane percentage) have been determined. The total gain variation is measured with a precision of about 0.4%.

The inner portion of the CMS microstrip Tracker consists of 3540 silicon detector modules; its construction has been under full responsibility of seven INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) and University laboratories in Italy. In this note procedures and strategies, which were developed and perfected to qualify the Tracker Inner Barrel and Inner Disks modules for installation, are described. In particular the tests required to select highly reliable detector modules are illustrated and a summary of the results from the full Inner Tracker module test is presented. 1) INFN sez. di Catania and Universita di Catania, Italy 2) INFN sez. di Perugia and Universita di Perugia, Italy 3) INFN sez. di Pisa and Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy 4) INFN sez. di Pisa and Universita di Pisa, Italy 5) INFN sez. di Pisa, Italy 6) INFN sez. di Torino and Universita di Torino, Italy 7) INFN sez. di Torino, Italy 8) INFN sez. di Firenze, Italy 9) INFN sez. di Bari and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica di Bari, Italy 10) INFN sez. di Bari, Italy 11) INFN sez. di Padova, Italy 12) INFN sez. di Firenze and Universita di Firenze, Italy 13) INFN sez. di Padova and Universita di Padova, Italy 14) INFN sez. di Perugia, Italy a) On leave from ISS, Bucharest, Romania b) On leave from IFIN-HH, Bucharest, Romania c) Corresponding Author

The methods used by the four LEP experiments to select W pair events are briefly reviewed, as well as the main methods for extracting the W mass and width. The currently relevant and in some cases still open systematic issues are illustrated. The preliminary results based on approximately 2500 pb−1 collected from 1996 to 2000, have been combined to give MW = 80.450 ± 0.039 GeV/c2 and ΓW = 2.150 ± 0.091 GeV/c2.