E. Kuznetsova

The goal of this report is to give a comprehensive overview of the rich field of forward physics, with a special attention to the topics that can be studied at the LHC. The report starts presenting a selection of the Monte Carlo simulation tools currently available, chapter 2, then enters the rich phenomenology of QCD at low, chapter 3, and high, chapter 4, momentum transfer, while the unique scattering conditions of central exclusive production are analyzed in chapter 5. The last two experimental topics, Cosmic Ray and Heavy Ion physics are presented in the chapter 6 and 7 respectively. Chapter 8 is dedicated to the BFKL dynamics, multiparton interactions, and saturation. The report ends with an overview of the forward detectors at LHC. Each chapter is correlated with a comprehensive bibliography, attempting to provide to the interested reader with a wide opportunity for further studies.

The custom Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) VMM3 and VMM3a were developed by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and are capable of simultaneous precise measurements of both the charge and time characteristics of signals in gaseous detectors. Its flexibility makes it attractive as a front-end electronics solution for a wide range of applications, including readout systems of Straw Trackers in future High Energy and Neutrino Physics experiments. We present first performance measurements done with straw drift tubes operated with VMM3 and VMM3a readouts implemented by the RD51 collaboration (CERN). Preliminary results obtained with the SPS muon beam at CERN are compared to the prediction of simulation studies done with GARFIEDL and LTSpice packages.

Studies of Cathode Strip Chamber longevity, comparing Ar+CO2 gas mixtures with fractions of 5%, 2%, and 0% CF4, were performed using several small cathode strip prototype chambers. In each trial, a localized source of radiation was used to irradiate up to an accumulated charge of about 300 mC/cm. Additionally, longevity of a uniformly irradiated prototype operating with 2% CF4 was studied at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility GIF++. Post-hoc analysis of the chamber electrodes using spectroscopy techniques was also done.

Abstract Studies of cathode strip chamber longevity, comparing Ar+CO $$_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> gas mixtures with fractions of 5%, 2%, and 0% CF $$_4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , were performed using several small cathode strip prototype chambers. In each trial, a localized source of radiation was used to irradiate up to an accumulated charge of about 300 mC/cm. Additionally, longevity of a uniformly irradiated prototype operating with 2% CF $$_4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> was studied at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility GIF++. Post-hoc analysis of the chamber electrodes using spectroscopy techniques was also done.

In the context of the Climate Agenda, CC(U)S technologies are promising decarbonization options, but they are not widespread. The costs of CC(U)S are still high, and economic assessment of such initiatives for different sites and regions are of particular interest. This paper is aim to analyze the main approaches to costing CC(U)S, as well as the economic assessment of the CO2 capture option implementation on coal-fired power plant in the Murmansk region (Russia). The paper presents a brief analysis of CC(U)S costing approaches and focuses on economic assessment of CO2 capture at Apatitskaya coal-fired power plant, determining such indicators as Levelized cost of electricity and Cost of CO2 captured. The calculations have shown that the cost of CO2 captured at power plant in the Murmansk region is relatively high (263 USD per tonne). The main reasons are high capital costs, lack of tax incentives and project support. Also, the reasons are lack of economies of scale and high energy penalty. Monetization of CO2, state support of CC(U)S, scaling technologies with accompanying cost reductions can be the basis for improving the economics of such projects.

The International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), launched in 2002, continues its successful work in observing the sky at energies E>20 keV. The legacy of the mission already includes a large number of discovered or previously poorly studied hard X-ray sources. The growing INTEGRAL archive allows one to conduct an all-sky survey including a number of deep extragalactic fields and the deepest ever hard X-ray survey of the Galaxy. Taking advantage of the data gathered over 17 years with the IBIS coded-mask telescope of INTEGRAL, we conducted survey of hard X-ray sources, providing flux information from 17 to 290 keV. The catalog includes 929 objects, 890 of which exceed a detection threshold of 4.5 sigma and the rest are detected at 4.0-4.5 sigma and belong to known cataloged hard X-ray sources. Among the identified sources of known or suspected nature, 376 are associated with the Galaxy and Magellanic clouds, including 145 low-mass and 115 high-mass X-ray binaries, 79 cataclysmic variables, and 37 of other types; and 440 are extragalactic, including 429 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), 2 ultra-luminous sources, one supernova (AT2018cow) and 8 galaxy clusters. 113 sources remain unclassified. 46 objects are detected in the hard X-ray band for the first time. The LogN-LogS distribution of 356 non-blazar AGNs is measured down to a flux of 2E-12 erg/s/cm2 and can be described by a power law with a slope of 1.44 +/- 0.09 and normalization 8E-3/deg2 at 1E-11 erg/s/cm2. The LogN-LogS distribution of unclassified sources indicates that the majority of them are of extragalactic origin.

Aging of CMS muon cathode strip chamber prototypes under sustained irradiation was studied. The tests were performed with three prototypes of different gas seal designs and with three gas mixtures Ar(30%)+CO2(50%)+CF4(20%), Ar(30%)+CO2(70%) and Ar(40%)+CO2(50%)+CF4(10%). The CF4-containing mixtures showed no or little aging for an overall accumulated charge per unit of wire length in excess of 13C/cm. In comparison, the performance deterioration in the Ar–CO2 mixture proved to be very dramatic: the gas gain falls by a factor of 2 for each 0.25C/cm of accumulated charge.

The muon detector of LHCb, which comprises 1368 multi-wire-proportional-chambers (MWPC) for a total area of 435 m 2 , is the largest instrument of its kind exposed to such a high-radiation environment. In nine years of operation, from 2010 until 2018, we did not observe appreciable signs of ageing of the detector in terms of reduced performance. However, during such a long period, many chamber gas gaps suffered from HV trips. Most of the trips were due to Malter-like effects, characterised by the appearance of local self-sustained high currents, presumably originating from impurities induced during chamber production. Very effective, though long, recovery procedures were implemented with a HV training of the gaps in situ while taking data. The training allowed most of the affected chambers to be returned to their full functionality and the muon detector efficiency to be kept close to 100%. The possibility of making the recovery faster and even more effective by adding a small percentage of oxygen in the gas mixture has been studied and successfully tested.

We present results from an aging investigation of straw drift-tubes placed under sustained irradiation from a 2 Ci 90Sr β-source. The aging phenomenon of gold-plated tungsten wires with diameters 25, 30 and 35 μm with accumulated charges up to 9 C/cm was studied thoroughly. Aging tests were carried out with different gas mixtures: 70% Xe+10% CO2+20% CF4, 60% Ar+30% CO2+10% CF4, 40% Ar+40% CO2+20% C2H2F4, and 60% Ar+30% CO2+10% C2H2F4. As a result of the aging process, the gold coating on the wires was damaged, and the wire diameter increased. For the first two gas mixtures, the wire swelling effect was concentrated only in the center of the irradiated zone. In comparison, the performance deterioration in the mixtures containing C2H2F4 proved to be quite different. The gold coating on the wires was damaged, but outside the irradiating area. Large deposits were found on the wire surface, both in the vicinity of the irradiated zone and downstream of the gas flow. All deposits contained tungsten and oxygen, resulting in the local increase of the wire diameter by 36% (from 30 to 41 μm). Our data show that both aforementioned aging effects have a similar reason: the swelling of the wire material that creates forces within the anode wire and cracks the gold coating.

We present results from an aging investigation of straw drift tubes placed under sustained irradiation from a 90Sr (2 Ci) β-source. Aging tests were performed with two different gas mixtures 70%Xe+10%CO2+20%CF4 and 40%Ar+40%CO2+20%C2H2F4. A thorough study of the aging phenomenon of gold-coated tungsten wires with a diameter of 35μm has been carried out with accumulated charges of 3.6 and 1.6C/cm. As a result of the aging process, the gold coating on the wires was damaged, and the wire diameter increased by about 5–6%. Using nuclear reaction analysis in combination with an SEM/XEM analysis we determined that there is a direct correlation between the amount of oxygen inside the gold coating and the anode wire diameter. This anode swelling effect can be explained as a result of tungsten oxidation underneath the wire coating. This phenomenon of anode wire swelling by forces applied from within the anode wire is a possible new phenomenon in anode aging.

Multicell avalanche photodiode structure operated in Geiger mode usually referred as silicon photomultiplier is a new intensively developing technology for photon detection. Insensitivity to magnetic fields, low operation voltage and small size make silicon photomultipliers very attractive for high-energy physics, astrophysics and medical applications. The presented results are obtained during the first steps taken in order to develop a setup and measurement procedures which allow to compare properties of diverse samples of silicon photomultipliers available on market. The response to low-intensity light was studied for silicon photomultipliers produced by CPTA (Russia), Hamamatsu (Japan), ITC-irst (Italy) and SensL (Ireland).

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD28-04 ADVANCED BURST WAVE LITHOTRIPSY FOR HUMAN TRIALS Arturo Holmes, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, Shivani Ramesh, Adam D. Maxwell, Ga Won Kim, John Kucewicz, Bryan W. Cunitz, Wayne Kreider, Barbrina Dunmire, Michael R. Bailey, Mathew D. Sorensen, and Jonathan D. Harper Arturo HolmesArturo Holmes More articles by this author , Ekaterina KuznetsovaEkaterina Kuznetsova More articles by this author , Shivani RameshShivani Ramesh More articles by this author , Adam D. MaxwellAdam D. Maxwell More articles by this author , Ga Won KimGa Won Kim More articles by this author , John KucewiczJohn Kucewicz More articles by this author , Bryan W. CunitzBryan W. Cunitz More articles by this author , Wayne KreiderWayne Kreider More articles by this author , Barbrina DunmireBarbrina Dunmire More articles by this author , Michael R. BaileyMichael R. Bailey More articles by this author , Mathew D. SorensenMathew D. Sorensen More articles by this author , and Jonathan D. HarperJonathan D. Harper More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003313.04AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The first in human trials of burst wave lithotripsy (BWL) demonstrated consistent fragmentation of upper tract stones with no or mild hematuria. However, for a randomized, controlled trial of treating 2-7 mm stones we wanted improved image resolution to not miss any fragments and ability to break stones to<1 mm at skin to stone depths of 4-10 cm on ultrasound. The system was redesigned and tested to add these improvements. METHODS: A new ultrasound platform for imaging, ultrasonic propulsion, and BWL was designed and constructed (‘Propulse2’). The imaging employed high-bandwidth phased array probes and Verasonics Vantage imaging engine. Resolution changes were compared against existing devices in a standard imaging phantom. Longer focus therapy transducers were designed. Additionally, the transducers operate at frequencies between 350-800 kHz. A high-power pulse generator was developed to achieve pressure at greater depths, produce longer duration pulses, and enable interleaving BWL with ultrasonic propulsion pulses and accelerate fragmentation. To test the therapeutic capabilities, rehydrated 2-7 mm calcium oxalate monohydrate stones were sonicated with each transducer and frequency in a calyx phantom in 2.5-minute intervals for 20 minutes. After each interval, the fragments were weighed and sieved to 1 and 2 mm, then returned to the phantom. Burst cycle durations between 5 to 160 cycles were tested with and without interleaved pulses and depths 4-10 cm all at focal peak negative pressures of 7 MPa. RESULTS: Imaging contrast (signal to noise ratio) with the old and new systems was 1.62 and 3.45 at 6 cm depth and 1.07 and 1.75 at 10 cm depth. Lateral resolution was improved by a factor of 2.1 at 6 cm and 2.5 at 10 cm. Targeting accuracy was measured to be within 1 mm for all transducers. On average for all stones and conditions, 81% and 75% of the stone mass was comminuted to<2 mm and < 1mm fragments respectively in 20 minutes (Figure 1A). Subanalysis of fragmentation to<2 mm fragments showed fewer than 20 cycles were less effective even with increased pulse repetition rate to equalize energy (Figure 1B). CONCLUSIONS: The system demonstrated over twice the imaging contrast and resolution and capability to fragment stones more finely over a 4-10 cm depth. Propulse2 has been approved for human trials (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04796792). Source of Funding: Work supported by NIDDK P01 DK043881. © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e819 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Arturo Holmes More articles by this author Ekaterina Kuznetsova More articles by this author Shivani Ramesh More articles by this author Adam D. Maxwell More articles by this author Ga Won Kim More articles by this author John Kucewicz More articles by this author Bryan W. Cunitz More articles by this author Wayne Kreider More articles by this author Barbrina Dunmire More articles by this author Michael R. Bailey More articles by this author Mathew D. Sorensen More articles by this author Jonathan D. Harper More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP65-03 ASSESSMENT OF UROSTOMY PARASTOMAL HERNIATION FORCES AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES Diboro Kanabolo, Adam Maxwell, Yashwanth Nanda Kumar, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, and George Schade Diboro KanaboloDiboro Kanabolo More articles by this author , Adam MaxwellAdam Maxwell More articles by this author , Yashwanth Nanda KumarYashwanth Nanda Kumar More articles by this author , Ekaterina KuznetsovaEkaterina Kuznetsova More articles by this author , and George SchadeGeorge Schade More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003323.03AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Approximately 10,000 patients undergo cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion annually in the USA, of which∼50% will subsequently develop a parastomal hernia (PSH) at 2 years. Despite this, no well-established “best” practice for stoma creation exists. Due to the knowledge gap between urostomy surgical factors and abdominal wall forces, we developed a silicone and ex-vivo porcine fascia-based model for study. Our objective was to measure the relationship between incision size/type/material and axial tension force (ATF) as a surrogate for herniation force. This model was then used to evaluate a clinically applicable prevention strategy. METHODS: See system in Fig. 1a. Using incisions (linear, cruciate, circular) ranging from 1 to 3 cm (0.5cm increments) in 0.5mm silicone sheets, a dynamometer was hooked to a Foley catheter at the drainage aperture. Balloons were hydrated to 125% incision dimension. Upward ATF was recorded until balloon herniation and repeated up to N=5 membranes/size. Clinically applicable sized fascia was then used. To test force with suture, 4-0 Nylon purse string suture 1.5mm from incision edge were used (1b). A plastic tab 10% of incision diameter was laid while tying suture to prevent incisional constriction. RESULTS: The silicone ATF for herniation varied widely by incision type (Range 2.36 – 35.05 N). Linear ATF was highest, matched for size. Cruciate ATF was significantly higher than circular for each size. 3 cm incisions in ex vivo porcine fascia (Fig. 2) performed similarly. Suture reinforcement significantly raised herniation ATF for all incision types in both silicone and fascia. For example, for 3 cm cruciate, suture increased ATF 2.4-fold in silicone (p=0.008) and 3.3-fold in fascia (p=0.0001, Fig. 2). CONCLUSIONS: This ex-vivo study suggests incision type, size, and suture reinforcement have predictable influences on ATF for herniation. En-bloc porcine and cadaveric human studies are underway to assessing these factors in more clinically optimized models. If confirmed, these data may be used to standardize urostomy creation, reducing PSH risk. Source of Funding: American Urology Association, Urology Care Foundation Research Award © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e890 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Diboro Kanabolo More articles by this author Adam Maxwell More articles by this author Yashwanth Nanda Kumar More articles by this author Ekaterina Kuznetsova More articles by this author George Schade More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

In the modern world, electronic devices have become an integral part of our daily life. However, with the development of technology and an increase in the number of electromagnetic sources, such as mobile phones, radio stations, radars, wireless networks and others, there is a risk of unintentional electromagnetic interference that can negatively affect the operation of electronic devices.

Abstract The aim of this work is to describe method of modeling straw signal using Garfield++ interface to LTspice. Straw Tube Trackers will be use in the SPD experiment. When designing such large scale and complex detector it is of extreme importance to run precise simulations. The physical task of this research is to reliably predict drift time and shape signal, which is important for further modeling of electronics for SPD Straw Trackers

We present results from an aging investigation of straw drift tubes placed under sustained irradiation from an 90 Sr (2 Ci) b-source. A thorough study of the aging phenomenon of the gold-plated tungsten wires with an accumulated charge of 9 C/cm was performed. Aging tests were performed with a gas mixture containing Xe, CO2 and CF4 .A s a result of the aging process, the gold coating on the wires was damaged, and the wire diameter increased from 35 to 42mm. This phenomenon of anode wire swelling by forces applied from within the anode wire is a possible new aging mechanism. We show that this anode swelling effect can be explained by production of tungsten oxidation in the wire. Using Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA), in combination with an SEM/XEM analysis, it is determined that deposits containing tungsten and oxygen are distributed along the wire corresponding to the gas flow direction. The concentration of oxygen as a function of depth within the wire has also been investigated using NRA, and it is shown that oxygen transportation into the depth of the wire occurs. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

We present the scope of research of a new collaboration FLAP (Fundamental & applied Linear Accelerator Physics collaboration) devoted to the study of the basics of electromagnetic interactions and new applications of controllable generation of electromagnetic radiation by relativistic electrons using functional materials.

Abstract Recent results of aging investigations of straw drift tubes with different gas mixtures have shown that an oxidation process takes place underneath the gold coating of the anode wire. We demonstrate the efficiency of the Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) in combination with Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (SEM/XEM) analysis for such processes in aging investigations of straw drift tubes flushed with a 40% Ar+40% CO2+20% C2H2F4 gas mixture. The sensitivity of NRA to carbon, oxygen and nitrogen is better than 5×10−2. The precision of the quantitative evaluation of the element content depends on the accuracy to which the differential cross-sections for the following nuclear reactions are known: 16 O(d,p) 17 O, 12 C(d,p) 13 C, 14 N(d,p) 15 N, 14 N(d,α) 12 C, 19 F(p,αγ) 16 O (about 5%). A thorough study of the aging degradation of gold-cladded tungsten wire has been carried out. An aging test under sustained irradiation from an intense 90 Sr β-source was carried out up to a total accumulated charge of 1.6 C/cm. Subsequent SEM/XEM analysis demonstrated the destruction of the gold surface and showed that many spots along the wire, both in the irradiated zone and downstream along the direction of the gas flow, contained oxygen and tungsten. The wire diameter was found to increase in this region. Using the NRA, we established the distribution of oxygen and carbon along the wire, confirming the SEM/XEM data and matching the observed increase in the wire diameter. The concentration of oxygen and carbon as a function of depth within the wire has also been investigated by means of the NRA.

Estimation of the Photon Detect Efficiency (PDE) of multi-pixe l Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (G-APD) based on measurements of the G-APD response to low-intensity light is presented. The fit of the light-response spectra takes into account after-pulsing and cross-talk effects and yields the value of initial photons. Using a calibrated photo-detector as a reference, the value of the PDE can be calculated. The sources of systematic error of the obtained PDE is discussed as well as possibility for its minimization.

CASTOR (Centauro And Strange Object Research) is a Čerenkov quartz-tungsten sampling calorimeter installed in the very forward region of the CMS experiment covering the pseudorapidity range −5.2 to −6.6. The location of CASTOR and current geometry of the shielding imply operation under relatively high radiation dose and magnetic field. Except for very particular regions, the calorimeter read-out with fine mesh PMTs demonstrates good performance under these rough conditions. Relative calibration of CASTOR is done using beam halo muons. To obtain relevant data, a dedicated CASTOR trigger was developed and activated during beam injections and ramp-ups. The triggered events correspond to an isolated particle penetrating the calorimeter parallel to the beam axis. Analysis of the obtained spectra provides relative response to a muon per individual read-out channel. An absolute CASTOR calibration is not discussed here.

The photon detection efficiencies of multi-pixel Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes manufactured by different produ cers are estimated. A new fit method of the response spectra to low-intensity light, taking into ac count after-pulse and cross-talk effects is proposed to yield the initial number of photons. The value of photon detection efficiency is calculated using a calibrated photodetector as a reference.

The appearance of a limited streamer mode in straw drift tubes operating with a Xe/CO2/CF4 gas mixture has been investigated. The space distribution of streamers across the straw has been measured for different gas gains and anode wire offsets. Streamer mode discharges have been found to be generated when ionization from the particles occurs within a narrow zone (FWHM≈400 μm) surrounding the anode wire. It was shown that the streamer contribution sharply increases with high voltage reaching almost 100% at a gas gain of about 1.2×105. It was found that the streamer intensity is very sensitive to the wire offset. Consequently, at a gas gain of 7×104 the number of streamers doubles when a wire is offset by 300 μm. This may greatly boost the aging of anode wires because streamers are an additional source of active radicals generated in the gas discharge since the total charge produced by streamer may be a hundred times larger than that from a proportional mode discharge.

Soft QCD measurements play am important role in fundamental QCD studies as well as in tuning of corresponding Monte Carlo generator models for a good description of experimental data. The presented overview covers CMS studies on Underlying Event activity, transitions between perturbative and non-perturbative QCD regions, inclusive studies of diffractive production and recent measurements of the charged hadron multiplicity in inelastic production. Presented at LHCP2015 The 3rd Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics

Which systems are ideal to obtain negative refraction with no absorption? Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a method to suppress absorption and make a material transparent to a field of a given frequency. Such a system has been discussed in [1]; however the main limitations for negative refraction introduced are the necessity of resonant electric and magnetic dipole transitions, and the necessity of very dense media. We suggest using frequency translators in a composite system that would provide negative refraction for a range of optical frequencies while attempting to overcome the limitations discussed above. In the process of using frequency translators, we also find composite systems that can be used for refractive index enhancement.

The photon detection efficiencies of multi-pixel Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes manufactured by different produ cers are estimated. A new fit method of the response spectra to low-intensity light, taking into ac count after-pulse and cross-talk effects is proposed to yield the initial number of photons. The value of photon detection efficiency is calculated using a calibrated photodetector as a reference.

Our first results on Silicon Photo-Multiplier (SiPM) properties study are presented. The reported measurements allowed us to develop and tune both the setup and the measurement analysis procedures. The current-voltage (I-V) characterization and the response to low-intensity light were studied on samples produced by CPTA (Russia), Hamamatsu (Japan), ITC-irst (Italy) and SensL (Ireland). Limitations of our present setup and the underway improvements in our laboratory are discussed in order to add also the Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) in the qualification parameters of diverse samples of SiPM available on market.

We present preliminary results on efficiency and light collection uniformity read out performances of different assemblies of scintillator tiles, coupled with solid state photon detectors of different make. Our test beam data suggest that the use of 2 mm scintillator tiles without wavelength shifting fibers may be possible in an ILC hadron calorimeter.

Abscesses are infected walled-off collections of pus and bacteria. They can affect any part of the body. Current treatment is typically limited to antibiotics, catheter drainage and hospitalization, or surgical wash-out. Although bacteria can develop drug resistance, they remain susceptible to thermal and mechanical damage. Histotripsy generates localized cavitation without heating and represents a potential new noninvasive treatment modality. Successful histotripsy treatments were demonstrated with gram-negative E-coli in both in vitro and in vivo studies [Brayman et al., UMB 44, 1996–2008 (2018); Matula et al., UMB 47, 603–619 (2020)]. Interestingly, preliminary data showed that boiling histotripsy was less effective than cavitation histotripsy in killing bacteria. In this talk, we will describe more in-depth studies that compare cavitation histotripsy (low number of cycles, high-pulse repetition rate) with boiling histotripsy (high number of cycles, low-pulse repetition rate) on inactivation rates of microbes. [Work funded in part by NIH NIBIB No. R01EB019365.]

The presented results are obtained during the first steps taken in order to develop a setup and measurement procedures which allow to compare properties of diverse kinds of silicon photomultiplier. The response to low-intensity light was studied for silicon photomultipliers produced by MEPhI/PULSAR (Russia), CPTA (Russia), Hamamatsu (Japan), ITC-irst (Italy) and SensL (Ireland).

В статье рассмотрены современные и перспективные методы подводной радиационной разведки, сформулированы их преимущества и недостатки для решения задач обнаружения, идентификации и оценки состояния затопленных объектов имеющих в своем составе делящиеся материалы. Представлен анализ перспективных разработок в области сорбционных технологий, применение которых особенно эффективно при малых (фоновых) концентрациях радионуклидов в воде, когда методы подводной радиометрии и спектрометрии практически не работают. Рассмотрена технология обнаружения радионуклидов в воде за счет регистрирования черенковского излучения высокоэнергетических электронов с использованием современных солнечно-слепых ультрафиолетовых камер. Представлены результаты измерений погружного гамма-спектрометра в присутствии калиброванных точечных источников гамма-излучения двумя способами – в открытой акватории автономно и при его установке на телеуправляемый необитаемый подводный аппарат. Сформулированы направления технического дооснащения погружных спектрометров для повышения эффективности подводных работ. Показаны особенности совместного применения погружного гамма-спектрометра и детекторов черенковского излучения с использованием телеуправляемого необитаемого подводного аппарата при проведении работ по обнаружению и идентификации радионуклидов под водой. На основании анализа проведенных экспериментальных исследований, а также ранее полученных результатов работ по генерации и детектированию терагерцового излучения в воде сформулированы перспективные направления развития подводной радиационной разведки связанные с использованием в комплексе погружных спектрометров, солнечно-слепых ультрафиолетовых камер, а также цифровых видеокамер и сонаров в составе телеуправляемого необитаемого подводного аппарата. The article discusses modern and promising methods of underwater radiation measurements, formulates their advantages and disadvantages for solving the problems of detection, identification and assessment of the state of dumped objects containing fissile materials The analysis of promising developments in the field of sorption technologies, the use of which is effective at low concentrations of radionuclides in water, is presented. The technology of detecting radionuclides in water by registering Cherenkov radiation of high-energy electrons using modern solar-blind ultraviolet cameras is considered. The results of measurements of an immersion gamma-ray spectrometer in the presence of calibrated point sources of gamma radiation are presented. The experiment was conducted in two ways – in an open water area independently and when it was installed on a remote-controlled uninhabited underwater vehicle. The directions of technical retrofitting of submersible spectrometers for improvement of work are formulated. The article shows the features of joint use of a submerged gamma-ray spectrometer and Cherenkov radiation detectors using a remote-controlled uninhabited underwater vehicle. Based on the analysis of experimental studies as well as previously obtained results of the generation and detection of terahertz radiation in water prospective lines of development of underwater radiation survey associated with use of submersible spectrometers, solar-blind ultraviolet cameras and digital video cameras and sonar in the composition of the remotely operated underwater vehicle.

Сибирское юридическое обозрение.№ 1. 2019.С. 13-19.

The multiplicity distribution of the negative pions produced in central collisions of various nuclei at a beam energy near 4 GeV/nucleon is similar to a Poisson distribution.