Erik Butz

A new pixel detector for the CMS experiment was built in order to cope with the instantaneous luminosities anticipated for the Phase~I Upgrade of the LHC. The new CMS pixel detector provides four-hit tracking with a reduced material budget as well as new cooling and powering schemes. A new front-end readout chip mitigates buffering and bandwidth limitations, and allows operation at low comparator thresholds. In this paper, comprehensive test beam studies are presented, which have been conducted to verify the design and to quantify the performance of the new detector assemblies in terms of tracking efficiency and spatial resolution. Under optimal conditions, the tracking efficiency is $99.95\pm0.05\,\%$, while the intrinsic spatial resolutions are $4.80\pm0.25\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ and $7.99\pm0.21\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ along the $100\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ and $150\,\mu \mathrm{m}$ pixel pitch, respectively. The findings are compared to a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the pixel detector and good agreement is found.

The CMS silicon strip tracker is the largest silicon detector ever built with almost 10 million readout channels and an active area of close to 200 m 2 .With more than 15,000 individual microstrip silicon modules are powered by almost 1000 power supply modules and produce more than 60 kW of power while operating at low temperatures.Results from the successful operation of the tracker at the first LHC collisions at 0.9, 2.4, and 7 TeV, including environmental control, calibration, detector performance, and monitoring, are discussed.The detector performance is excellent manifested in a nearly 100 % functional tracker with high single hit efficiency, good S/N performance, and high quality track resolution.This is made possible by a fine-grained calibration process and a monitoring of all important quantities for the detector performance during different stages of the operation.

The CMS silicon tracker is the largest silicon detector ever built.It consists of a hybrid pixel detector with 66 million channels and a 200 m 2 silicon strip detector with 10 million readout channels.We describe the operation of this detector during the first three year of LHC both during proton-proton as well as heavy ion collisions with results on the operational performance, calibration, signal-to-noise ratio, timing, etc.The resolution and efficiency of the track and vertex reconstruction are measured with data and compared to the results from simulation.With increasing integrated luminosity, monitoring of radiation-induced effects becomes more and more important.Our methods for measuring the evolution of full depletion voltage and leakage current will be presented and the results discussed.

The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker with its more than 15000 silicon modules and 200 m 2 of active silicon area has been running together with the other subsystems of CMS for several years.We present the performance of the detector in the LHC Run 2 data taking.Results for signal-to-noise, hit efficiency and single hit resolution are presented.We review the behavior of the system when running at beyond-design instantaneous luminosity and describe challenges observed under these conditions.The evolution of detector parameters under the influence of radiation damage are presented and compared to simulations.

The era of High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will pose unprecedented challenges for detector design and operation. The planned luminosity of the upgraded machine is 5–7.5×1034cm−2s−1, reaching an integrated luminosity of 3000–4000 fb−1 by the end of 2039. The CMS Tracker detector will have to be replaced in order to fully exploit the delivered luminosity and cope with the demanding operating conditions. The new detector will provide robust tracking as well as input for the first level trigger. This report is focusing on the replacement of the CMS Outer Tracker system, describing new layout and technological choices together with some highlights of research and development activities.

The CMS silicon strip tracker is the largest silicon detector ever built.It has an active area of 200 m 2 of silicon segmented into almost 10 million readout channels.We describe some operational aspects of the system during its first years of operation during the LHC run 1.During the long shutdown 1 of the LHC an extensive work program was carried out on the strip tracker services in order to facilitate operation of the system at sub-zero temperatures in the LHC run 2 and beyond.We will describe these efforts and give a motivation of the choice of run 2 operating temperature.Finally a brief outlook on the operation of the system in the upcoming run 2 will be given.

The CMS silicon tracker is the largest silicon detector ever built. It consists of a hybrid pixel detector with 66 million channels and a 200 m2 silicon strip detector with 10 million readout channels. We describe the operation of this detector during the first three year of LHC both during proton-proton as well as heavy ion collisions with results on the operational performance, calibration, signal-to-noise ratio, timing, etc. The resolution and efficiency of the track and vertex reconstruction are measured with data and compared to the results from simulation. With increasing integrated luminosity, monitoring of radiation-induced effects becomes more and more important. Our methods for measuring the evolution of full depletion voltage and leakage current will be presented and the results discussed.

The era of High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will pose unprecedented challenges for detector design and operation. The planned luminosity of the upgraded machine is 5-7.5 x 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, reaching an integrated luminosity of 3000-4000 fb$^{-1}$ by the end of 2039. The CMS Tracker detector will have to be replaced in order to fully exploit the delivered luminosity and cope with the demanding operating conditions. The new detector will provide robust tracking as well as input for the first level trigger. This report is focusing on the replacement of the CMS Outer Tracker system, describing new layout and technological choices together with some highlights of research and development activities.

In this chapter we will present the results of the impact of radiation on electronics and opto-electronics for two of the LHC experiments during Run 1 and Run 2. ATLAS results are presented in Section 6.1; CMS in Section 6.2. In Section 6.3 we will present a comparison between the two experiments, highlighting operational guidelines and proposing solutions to build the electronics and opto-electronics of the future LHC experiments.