Christopher West

Based on the full BABAR data sample, we report improved measurements of the ratios R(D(*))=B(B[over ¯]→D(*)τ(-)ν[over ¯](τ))/B(B[over ¯]→D(*)ℓ(ℓ)(-)ν[over ¯](ℓ)), where ℓ is either e or μ. These ratios are sensitive to new physics contributions in the form of a charged Higgs boson. We measure R(D)=0.440±0.058±0.042 and R(D(*))=0.332±0.024±0.018, which exceed the standard model expectations by 2.0σ and 2.7σ, respectively. Taken together, our results disagree with these expectations at the 3.4σ level. This excess cannot be explained by a charged Higgs boson in the type II two-Higgs-doublet model.

Based on the full BaBar data sample, we report improved measurements of the ratios R(D(*)) = B(B -> D(*) Tau Nu)/B(B -> D(*) l Nu), where l is either e or mu. These ratios are sensitive to new physics contributions in the form of a charged Higgs boson. We measure R(D) = 0.440 +- 0.058 +- 0.042 and R(D*) = 0.332 +- 0.024 +- 0.018, which exceed the Standard Model expectations by 2.0 sigma and 2.7 sigma, respectively. Taken together, our results disagree with these expectations at the 3.4 sigma level. This excess cannot be explained by a charged Higgs boson in the type II two-Higgs-doublet model. Kinematic distributions presented here exclude large portions of the more general type III two-Higgs-doublet model, but there are solutions within this model compatible with the results.

Dark sectors charged under a new Abelian force have recently received much attention in the context of dark matter models. These models introduce a light new mediator, the so-called dark photon (A'), connecting the dark sector to the Standard Model. We present a search for a dark photon in the reaction e+e- -> gamma A', A'-> e+e-, mu+mu- using 514 fb-1 of data collected with the BABAR detector. We do not observe a significant signal and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the mixing strength between the photon and dark photon at the level of 10^-4 - 10^-3 for dark photon masses in the range 0.02 - 10.2 GeV. We further constrain the range of the parameter space favored by interpretations of the discrepancy between the calculated and measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.

In a sample of 471 million BB events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider we study the rare decays B -> K(*) l+ l-, where l+ l- is either e+e- or mu+mu-. We report results on partial branching fractions and isospin asymmetries in seven bins of di-lepton mass-squared. We further present CP and lepton-flavor asymmetries for di-lepton masses below and above the J/psi resonance. We find no evidence for CP or lepton-flavor violation. The partial branching fractions and isospin asymmetries are consistent with the Standard Model predictions and with results from other experiments.

Although CP violation in the B meson system has been well established by the B factories, there has been no direct observation of time-reversal violation. The decays of entangled neutral B mesons into definite flavor states (B(0) or B(0)), and J/ψK(L)(0) or ccK(S)(0) final states (referred to as B(+) or B(-)), allow comparisons between the probabilities of four pairs of T-conjugated transitions, for example, B(0) → B(-) and B(-) → B(0), as a function of the time difference between the two B decays. Using 468 × 10(6) BB pairs produced in Υ(4S) decays collected by the BABAR detector at SLAC, we measure T-violating parameters in the time evolution of neutral B mesons, yielding ΔS(T)(+) = -1.37 ± 0.14(stat) ± 0.06(syst) and ΔS(T)(-) = 1.17 ± 0.18(stat) ± 0.11(syst). These nonzero results represent the first direct observation of T violation through the exchange of initial and final states in transitions that can only be connected by a T-symmetry transformation.

We search for the flavor-changing neutral-current decays $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, and the invisible decays $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ and $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ via $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{(*)}J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ and $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$, respectively, using a data sample of $471\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected by the BABAR experiment. We fully reconstruct the hadronic decay of one of the $B$ mesons in the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}$ decay, and search for the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ decay in the rest of the event. We observe no significant excess of signal decays over background and report branching fraction upper limits of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})<3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})<8.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})<11.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})<9.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, and combined upper limits of $\mathcal{B}(B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})<3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})<7.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, all at the 90% confidence level. For the invisible quarkonium decays, we report branching fraction upper limits of $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})<3.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})<15.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ at the 90% confidence level. Using the improved kinematic resolution achieved from hadronic reconstruction, we also provide partial branching fraction limits for the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ decays over the full kinematic spectrum.

We present a study of the ${D}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, and ${D}^{*+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ systems in inclusive ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\overline{c}$ interactions in a search for new excited $D$ meson states. We use a data set, consisting of $\ensuremath{\sim}454\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, collected at center-of-mass energies near 10.58 GeV by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy collider. We observe, for the first time, candidates for the radial excitations of the ${D}^{0}$, ${D}^{*0}$, and ${D}^{*+}$, as well as the $L=2$ excited states of the ${D}^{0}$ and ${D}^{+}$, where $L$ is the orbital angular momentum of the quarks.

The process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is studied using $469\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, at an ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center-of-mass energy of 10.6 GeV. From the analysis of the $p\overline{p}$ invariant mass spectrum, the energy dependence of the cross section for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}$ is measured from threshold to 4.5 GeV. The energy dependence of the ratio of electric and magnetic form factors, $|{G}_{E}/{G}_{M}|$, and the asymmetry in the proton angular distribution are measured for $p\overline{p}$ masses below 3 GeV. The branching fractions for the decays $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}$ and $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}$ are also determined.

We describe a measurement of the time-integrated luminosity of the data collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and in a continuum region below each resonance. We measure the time-integrated luminosity by counting e+e-→e+e- and (for the ϒ(4S) only) e+e-→μ+μ- candidate events, allowing additional photons in the final state. We use data-corrected simulation to determine the cross-sections and reconstruction efficiencies for these processes, as well as the major backgrounds. Due to the large cross-sections of e+e-→e+e- and e+e-→μ+μ-, the statistical uncertainties of the measurement are substantially smaller than the systematic uncertainties. The dominant systematic uncertainties are due to observed differences between data and simulation, as well as uncertainties on the cross-sections. For data collected on the ϒ(3S) and ϒ(2S) resonances, an additional uncertainty arises due to ϒ→e+e-X background. For data collected off the ϒ resonances, we estimate an additional uncertainty due to time dependent efficiency variations, which can affect the short off-resonance runs. The relative uncertainties on the luminosities of the on-resonance (off-resonance) samples are 0.43% (0.43%) for the ϒ(4S), 0.58% (0.72%) for the ϒ(3S), and 0.68% (0.88%) for the ϒ(2S).

We study the reactions e+e−→e+e−η(') in the single-tag mode and measure the γγ∗→η(') transition form factors in the momentum-transfer range from 4 to 40 GeV2. The analysis is based on 469 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected at PEP-II with the BABAR detector at e+e− center-of-mass energies near 10.6 GeV.11 MoreReceived 5 January 2011DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.84.052001© 2011 American Physical Society

We present measurements of Collins asymmetries in the inclusive process e+e- -->pi pi X, where pi stands for charged pions, at a center-of-mass energy of 10.6 GeV. We use a data sample of 468 fb-1 collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II B factory at SLAC, and consider pairs of charged pions produced in opposite hemispheres of hadronic events. We observe clear asymmetries in the distributions of the azimuthal angles in two distinct reference frames. We study the dependence of the asymmetry on several kinematic variables, finding that it increases with increasing pion momentum and momentum transverse to the analysis axis, and with increasing angle between the thrust and beam axis.

We study the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}(2S){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ with initial-state-radiation events produced at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy collider. The data were recorded with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies at and near the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(\mathrm{nS})$ ($n=2,3,4$) resonances and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $520\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We investigate the $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mass distribution from 3.95 to $5.95\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, and measure the center-of-mass energy dependence of the associated ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}(2S){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ cross section. The mass distribution exhibits evidence of two resonant structures. A fit to the $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mass distribution corresponding to the decay mode $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ yields a mass value of $4340\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}16\text{ }(\text{stat})\text{ }\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9\text{ }(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}\text{ }$ and a width of $94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}32\text{ }(\text{stat})\text{ }\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}13\text{ }(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ for the first resonance, and for the second a mass value of $4669\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}21\text{ }(\text{stat})\text{ }\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\text{ }(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}\text{ }$ and a width of $104\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}48\text{ }(\text{stat})\text{ }\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10\text{ }(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. In addition, we show the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mass distributions for these resonant regions.

The Curriculum Committee of AIChE's Education Division surveyed chemical engineering departments across the United States and Canada in Fall 2021 about material and energy balances (MEB) courses.Courses have been described by 84 faculty at 75 institutions.MEB is taught primarily to first-term sophomores (78% of schools) majoring in only chemical engineering (46% of schools).Over 70% of the schools require only one MEB course, and 24% require two courses.All schools require general chemistry as a prerequisite, with half requiring Calculus II (integrals).Faculty do not expect incoming MEB students to be experienced or proficient in any software packages, but they are expected to be at least novices in word processing, spreadsheets, and presentation software.Over 40% of schools expect at least novicelevel understanding of computerized algebra systems, primarily MATLAB.Schools provide students with computer labs, with almost 60% of schools maintaining the labs at the college level.Exams and homework are the most popular assessments, appearing in over 90% of courses.Over half of the courses also have pre-announced quizzes, and team homework is used in 45% of the courses.In a majority of the courses (67%), twenty percent or fewer of the assignments are completed with a computer.The Felder, Rousseau, and Bullard textbook is used in nearly 80% of the courses.Textbook topics through energy balances on reactive systems are covered in over 70% of courses.Only the topics of computer-aided balance calculations and transient balances receive low coverage, in under 50% of the courses.Second courses in MEB tend to emphasize energy balances.In professional skills, only formal problem-solving strategies are covered in over half of the courses.Lecture section sizes are 40 students or smaller for over half of the reporting courses.

We report the results of a study of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decays, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, and ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ ($\ensuremath{\ell}=e$ or $\ensuremath{\mu}$) undertaken with approximately $462\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the BABAR detector. The analysis uses events in which the signal $B$ decays are reconstructed with a loose neutrino reconstruction technique. We obtain partial branching fractions in several bins of ${q}^{2}$, the square of the momentum transferred to the lepton-neutrino pair, for ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, and ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$. From these distributions, we extract the form-factor shapes ${f}_{+}({q}^{2})$ and the total branching fractions $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})=(1.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.04}_{\mathrm{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.06}_{\mathrm{syst}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ (combined ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ decay channels assuming isospin symmetry), $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})=(1.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.16}_{\mathrm{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.09}_{\mathrm{syst}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})=(0.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.05}_{\mathrm{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.05}_{\mathrm{syst}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. We also measure $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})=(0.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.08}_{\mathrm{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.03}_{\mathrm{syst}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. We obtain values for the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $|{V}_{ub}|$ by direct comparison with three different QCD calculations in restricted ${q}^{2}$ ranges of $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ decays. From a simultaneous fit to the experimental data over the full ${q}^{2}$ range and the FNAL/MILC lattice QCD predictions, we obtain $|{V}_{ub}|=(3.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.31)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, where the error is the combined experimental and theoretical uncertainty.

We perform amplitude analyses of the decays $B^0 \to K^+K^-K^0_S$, $B^+ \rightarrow K^+K^-K^+$, and $B^+ \to K^0_S K^0_S K^+$, and measure CP-violating parameters and partial branching fractions. The results are based on a data sample of approximately $470\times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ decays, collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$ factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. For $B^+ \to K^+K^-K^+$, we find a direct CP asymmetry in $B^+ \to \phi(1020)K^+$ of $A_{CP}= (12.8\pm 4.4 \pm 1.3)%$, which differs from zero by $2.8 \sigma$. For $B^0 \to K^+K^-K^0_S$, we measure the CP-violating phase $\beta_{\rm eff} (\phi(1020)K^0_S) = (21\pm 6 \pm 2)^\circ$. For $B^+ \to K^0_S K^0_S K^+$, we measure an overall direct CP asymmetry of $A_{CP} = (4 ^{+4}_{-5} \pm 2)%$. We also perform an angular-moment analysis of the three channels, and determine that the $f_X(1500)$ state can be described well by the sum of the resonances $f_0(1500)$, $f_2^{\prime}(1525)$, and $f_0(1710)$.

We study the process $e^+e^-\to J/\psi\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ with initial-state-radiation events produced at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy collider. The data were recorded with the BaBar detector at center-of-mass energies 10.58 and 10.54 GeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 454 $\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$. We investigate the $J/\psi \pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ mass distribution in the region from 3.5 to 5.5 $\mathrm{GeV/c^{2}}$. Below 3.7 $\mathrm{GeV/c^{2}}$ the $\psi(2S)$ signal dominates, and above 4 $\mathrm{GeV/c^{2}}$ there is a significant peak due to the Y(4260). A fit to the data in the range 3.74 -- 5.50 $\mathrm{GeV/c^{2}}$ yields a mass value $4244 \pm 5$ (stat) $ \pm 4$ (syst)$\mathrm{MeV/c^{2}}$ and a width value $114 ^{+16}_{-15}$ (stat)$ \pm 7$(syst)$\mathrm{MeV}$ for this state. We do not confirm the report from the Belle collaboration of a broad structure at 4.01 $\mathrm{GeV/c^{2}}$. In addition, we investigate the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ system which results from Y(4260) decay.

We present a search for the decay ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ using $467.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II $B$-Factory. We select a sample of events with one completely reconstructed ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in the hadronic decay mode (${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)0}{X}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{X}^{\ensuremath{-}}$). We examine the rest of the event to search for a ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ decay. We identify the ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}$ lepton in the following modes: ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$. We find an excess of events with respect to the expected background, which excludes the null signal hypothesis at the level of $3.8\ensuremath{\sigma}$ (including systematic uncertainties) and corresponds to a branching fraction value of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})=({1.83}_{\ensuremath{-}0.49}^{+0.53}(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.24(\mathrm{syst}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$.

A precise measurement of the cross section for the process e+e- --> K+K-(gamma) from threshold to an energy of 5 GeV is obtained with the initial-state radiation (ISR) method using 232 fb^{-1} of data collected with the BaBar detector at e+e- center-of-mass energies near 10.6 GeV. The measurement uses the effective ISR luminosity determined from the e+e- --> mu+mu-(gamma)gamma_ISR process with the same data set. The corresponding lowest-order contribution to the hadronic vacuum polarization term in the muon magnetic anomaly is found to be a_mu^{KK, LO}=(22.93 +- 0.18_{stat} +- 0.22_{syst}) * 10^{-10}. The charged kaon form factor is extracted and compared to previous results. Its magnitude at large energy significantly exceeds the asymptotic QCD prediction, while the measured slope is consistent with the prediction.

We study the process $\gamma \gamma \to J/\psi \omega$ using a data sample of 519.2 $fb^{-1}$ recorded by the BaBar detector at SLAC at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider at center-of-mass energies near the $\Upsilon(nS)$ ($n = 2,3,4$) resonances. We confirm the existence of the charmonium-like resonance X(3915) decaying to $J/\psi \omega$ with a significance of 7.6 standard deviations, including systematic uncertainties, and measure its mass $(3919.4 \pm 2.2 \pm 1.6) MeV/c^2$ and width $(13 \pm 6 \pm 3) MeV$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. A spin-parity analysis supports the assignment $J^P=0^+$ and therefore the identification of the signal as due to the $\chi_{c0}(2P)$ resonance. In this hypothesis we determine the product between the two-photon width and the final state branching fraction to be $(52 \pm 10 \pm 3) eV$

The photon spectrum in the inclusive electromagnetic radiative decays of the B meson, B → X(s)γ plus B → X(d)γ, is studied using a data sample of (382.8 ± 4.2) × 10(6)Υ(4S) → BB decays collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. The spectrum is used to extract the branching fraction B(B → X(s)γ) = (3.21 ± 0.33) × 10(-4) for E(γ) >1.8 GeV and the direct CP asymmetry A(CP) (B → X(s+d)γ) = 0.057 ± 0.063. The effects of detector resolution and Doppler smearing are unfolded to measure the photon energy spectrum in the B meson rest frame.

Cross sections for the reactions e(+)e(-) -> K+K-pi(+)pi(-), K+K-pi(0)pi(0), and

Recent astrophysical and terrestrial experiments have motivated the proposal of a dark sector with GeV-scale gauge boson force carriers and new Higgs bosons. We present a search for a dark Higgs boson using 516 fb-1 of data collected with the BABAR detector. We do not observe a significant signal and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the Standard Model-dark sector mixing angle and the dark sector coupling constant.

The production of the heavy stable proton-rich isotopes between 74Se and 196Hg -- the p nuclides -- is due to the contribution from different nucleosynthesis processes, activated in different types of stars. Whereas these processes have been subject to various studies, their relative contributions to Galactic Chemical Evolution are still a matter of debate. We investigate for the first time the nucleosynthesis of p nuclides in GCE by including metallicity and progenitor mass-dependent yields of core-collapse supernovae (ccSNe) into a chemical evolution model. We used a grid of metallicities and progenitor masses from two different sets of stellar yields and followed the contribution of ccSNe to the Galactic abundances as function of time. In combination with previous studies on p-nucleus production in thermonuclear supernovae (SNIa), and using the same GCE description, this allows us to compare the respective roles of SNeIa and ccSNe in the production of p-nuclei in the Galaxy. The gamma process in ccSN is very efficient for a wide range of progenitor masses (13M_sun_- 25M_sun) at solar metallicity. Since it is a secondary process with its efficiency depending on the initial abundance of heavy elements, its contribution is strongly reduced below solar metallicity. This makes it challenging to explain the inventory of the p nuclides in the Solar System by the contribution from ccSNe alone. In particular, we find that ccSNe contribute less than 10% of the solar p nuclide abundances, with only a few exceptions. Due to the uncertain contribution from other nucleosynthesis sites in ccSNe, such as neutrino winds or $\alpha$-rich freeze out, we conclude that the light p-nuclides 74$Se,78$Kr, 84Sr, and 92Mo may either still be completely or only partially produced in ccSNe.

We use 429 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the BABAR detector to measure the radiative transition rate of $b\rightarrow s\gamma$ with a sum of 38 exclusive final states. The inclusive branching fraction with a minimum photon energy of 1.9 GeV is found to be $\mathcal{B}(\bar B \rightarrow X_{s}\gamma)=(3.29\pm 0.19\pm 0.48)\times 10^{-4}$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We also measure the first and second moments of the photon energy spectrum and extract the best fit values for the heavy-quark parameters, $m_{b}$ and $\mu_{\pi}^{2}$, in the kinetic and shape function models.

The e+ e- --> p anti-p cross section and the proton magnetic form factor have been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 3.0 to 6.5 GeV using the initial-state-radiation technique with an undetected photon. This is the first measurement of the form factor at energies higher than 4.5 GeV. The analysis is based on 469 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider at e+e- center-of-mass energies near 10.6 GeV. The branching fractions for the decays J/psi --> p anti-p and psi(2S) --> p anti-p have also been measured.

We search for single-photon decays of the Υ(1S) resonance, Υ → γ + invisible, where the invisible state is either a particle of definite mass, such as a light Higgs boson A⁰, or a pair of dark matter particles, χχ. Both A⁰ and χ are assumed to have zero spin. We tag Υ(1S) decays with a dipion transition Υ(2S) → π⁺π⁻Υ(1S) and look for events with a single energetic photon and significant missing energy. We find no evidence for such processes in the mass range m(A⁰) ≤ 9.2 GeV and m(χ) ≤ 4.5 GeV in the sample of 98 × 10⁶ Υ(2S) decays collected with the BABAR detector and set stringent limits on new physics models that contain light dark matter states.

Inclusive production cross sections of $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$ and $p\bar{p}$ per hadronic $e^+e^-$ annihilation event in $e^+e^-$ are measured at a center-of-mass energy of 10.54 GeV, using a relatively small sample of very high quality data from the BaBar experiment at the PEP-II $B$-factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The drift chamber and Cherenkov detector provide clean samples of identified $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$ and $p\bar{p}$ over a wide range of momenta. Since the center-of-mass energy is below the threshold to produce a $B\bar{B}$ pair, with $B$ a bottom-quark meson, these data represent a pure $e^+e^- \rightarrow q\bar{q}$ sample with four quark flavors, and are used to test QCD predictions and hadronization models. Combined with measurements at other energies, in particular at the $Z^0$ resonance, they also provide precise constraints on the scaling properties of the hadronization process over a wide energy range.

We present improved measurements of $CP$-violation parameters in the decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, and of the branching fractions for ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$. The results are obtained with the full data set collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$ factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, corresponding to $(467\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs. We find the $CP$-violation parameter values and branching fractions: ${S}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}}=\ensuremath{-}0.68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$, ${C}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}}=\ensuremath{-}0.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, ${\mathcal{A}}_{{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}}=\ensuremath{-}0.107\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.016}_{\ensuremath{-}0.004}^{+0.006}$, ${C}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}}=\ensuremath{-}0.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})=(1.83\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, $\text{ }\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(10.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, where in each case, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We observe $CP$ violation with a significance of 6.7 standard deviations for ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and 6.1 standard deviations for ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, including systematic uncertainties. Constraints on the unitarity triangle angle $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ are determined from the isospin relations among the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ rates and asymmetries. Considering only the solution preferred by the Standard Model, we find $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ to be in the range [71\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{},109\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}] at the 68% confidence level.

We search for di-muon decays of a low-mass Higgs boson (A^0) produced in radiative \Upsilon(1S) decays. The \Upsilon(1S) sample is selected by tagging the pion pair in the \Upsilon(2S, 3S) \to \pi^+ \pi^- \Upsilon(1S) transitions, using a data sample of 92.8 \times 10^6 \Upsilon(2S) and 116.8 \times 10^6 \Upsilon(3S) events collected by the \babar\ detector. We find no evidence for A^0 production and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product branching fraction \mathcal{B} (\Upsilon(1S) \to \gamma A^0) \times \mathcal{B} (A^0 \to \mumu) in the range of (0.28 - 9.7) \times 10^{-6} for 0.212 \le m_{A^0} \le 9.20 GeV/c^2. The results are combined with our previous measurements of \Upsilon(2S,3S) \to \gamma A^0, A^0 \to \mumu to set limits on the effective coupling of the \b-quark to the A^0.

We study the processes $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 \gamma$, $K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-\gamma$, where the photon is radiated from the initial state, providing cross section measurements for the hadronic states over a continuum of center-of-mass energies. The results are based on 469 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the BaBar detector at SLAC. We observe the $\phi(1020)$ resonance in the $K_S^0 K_L^0$ final state and measure the product of its electronic width and branching fraction with about 3% uncertainty. We present a measurement of the $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 $ cross section in the energy range from 1.06 to 2.2 GeV and observe the production of a resonance at 1.67 GeV. We present the first measurements of the $e^+ e^-\to K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-$ cross sections, and study the intermediate resonance structures. We obtain the first observations of \jpsi decay to the $K_S^0 K_L^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, $K_S^0 K_S^0 \pi^+\pi^-$, and $K_S^0 K_S^0 K^+K^-$ final states.

We study the rare B meson decays B{+-,0} --> J/\psi\ K^+ K^- K{+-,0}, B{+-,0} --> J/\psi\ \phi\ K{+-,0}, and search for B0 --> J/\psi\ \phi, using 469 million BBbar events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- asymmetric-energy collider. We present new measurements of branching fractions and a study of the J/\psi\phi mass distribution in search of new charmonium-like states. In addition, we search for the decay B0 --> J/\psi\ \phi, and find no evidence of a signal.

We study the lepton forward-backward asymmetry AFB and the longitudinal K* polarization FL, as well as an observable P2 derived from them, in the rare decays B->K*l+l-, where l+l- is either e+e- or mu+mu-, using the full sample of 471 million BBbar events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Babar detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider. We separately fit and report results for the B+->K*+l+l- and B0->K*0l+l- final states, as well as their combination B->K*l+l-, in five disjoint dilepton mass-squared bins. An angular analysis of B+->K*+l+l- decays is presented here for the first time.

We present searches for rare or forbidden charm decays of the form $X_c^+\to h^\pm\ell^\mp\ell^{(\prime)+}$, where $X_c^+$ is a charm hadron ($D^+$, $D^+_s$, or $\Lambda_c^+$), $h^\pm$ is a pion, kaon, or proton, and $\ell^{(\prime)\pm}$ is an electron or muon. The analysis is based on $384 fb^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ annihilation data collected at or close to the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the BaBar detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. No significant signal is observed for any of the 35 decay modes that are investigated. We establish 90% confidence-level upper limits on the branching fractions between $1 \times 10^{-6}$ and $44 \times 10^{-6}$ depending on the channel. In most cases, these results represent either the first limits or significant improvements on existing limits for the decay modes studied.

We search for hadronic decays of a light Higgs boson (A(0)) produced in radiative decays of an Υ(2S) or Υ(3S) meson, Υ→γA(0). The data have been recorded by the BABAR experiment at the Υ(3S) and Υ(2S) center-of-mass energies and include (121.3±1.2)×10(6) Υ(3S) and (98.3±0.9)×10(6) Υ(2S) mesons. No significant signal is observed. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product branching fractions B(Υ(nS)→γA(0))B(A(0)→hadrons) (n=2 or 3) that range from 1×10(-6) for an A(0) mass of 0.3 GeV/c(2) to 8×10(-5) at 7 GeV/c(2).

We search for the $Z_1(4050)^+$ and $Z_2(4250)^+$ states, reported by the Belle Collaboration, decaying to $\chi_{c1} \pi^+$ in the decays $\bar B^0 \to \chi_{c1} K^- \pi^+$ and $B^+ \to \chi_{c1} K^0_S \pi^+$ where $\chi_{c1} \to \jpsi \gamma$. The data were collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider operating at center-of-mass energy 10.58 GeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 429 fb$^{-1}$. In this analysis, we model the background-subtracted, efficiency-corrected $\chi_{c1}\pi$ mass distribution using the $K \pi$ mass distribution and the corresponding normalized $K \pi$ Legendre polynomial moments, and then test the need for the inclusion of resonant structures in the description of the $\chi_{c1}\pi$ mass distribution. No evidence is found for the $Z_1(4050)^+$ and $Z_2(4250)^+$ resonances, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions are reported for the corresponding $B$-meson decay modes.

We present a search for the lepton flavor violating decay modes B+/- to h+/- tau l (h= K,pi; l= e,mu) using the BaBar data sample, which corresponds to 472 million BBbar pairs. The search uses events where one B meson is fully reconstructed in one of several hadronic final states. Using the momenta of the reconstructed B, h, and l candidates, we are able to fully determine the tau four-momentum. The resulting tau candidate mass is our main discriminant against combinatorial background. We see no evidence for B+/- to h+/- tau l decays and set a 90% confidence level upper limit on each branching fraction at the level of a few times 10^-5.

We present a measurement of ${D}^{0}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}{\overline{D}}^{0}$ mixing and $CP$ violation using the ratio of lifetimes simultaneously extracted from a sample of ${D}^{0}$ mesons produced through the flavor-tagged process ${D}^{*+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, where ${D}^{0}$ decays to ${K}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$, or ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, along with the untagged decays ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$. The lifetimes of the $CP$-even, Cabibbo-suppressed modes ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ are compared to that of the $CP$-mixed mode ${K}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ in order to measure ${y}_{CP}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}Y$. We obtain ${y}_{CP}=[0.72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12(\mathrm{syst})]%$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}Y=[0.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06(\mathrm{syst})]%$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}Y$ constrains possible $CP$ violation. The ${y}_{CP}$ result excludes the null mixing hypothesis at $3.3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ significance. This analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of $468\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.

We report the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa CP-violating angle gamma through the combination of various measurements involving B^{+-} --> D K^{+-}, B^{+-} --> D^{*} K^{+-}, and B^{+-} --> D K^{*+-} decays performed by the BaBar experiment at the PEP-II e^{+}e^{-} collider at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Using up to 474 million B\bar{B} pairs, we obtain gamma = (69 ^{+17}_{-16})^\circ (modulo 180^\circ). The total uncertainty is dominated by the statistical component, with the experimental and amplitude-model systematic uncertainties amounting to +-4^\circ. The corresponding two-standard-deviation region is 41^\circ < gamma < 102^\circ. This result is inconsistent with gamma = 0 with a significance of 5.9 standard deviations.

Based on a sample of 500 million ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\overline{c}$ events recorded by the BABAR detector at c.m. energies of close to 10.6 GeV, we report on a study of the decay ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$. We measure the ratio of branching fractions, ${R}_{D}=\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e})/\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})=0.0713\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001{7}_{\text{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002{4}_{\text{syst}}$, and use the present world average for $\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})$ to obtain $\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e})=(2.770\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06{8}_{\text{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09{2}_{\text{syst}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03{7}_{\text{ext}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ where the third error accounts for the uncertainty on the branching fraction for the reference channel. The measured dependence of the differential branching fraction on ${q}^{2}$, the four-momentum transfer squared between the $D$ and the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ meson, is compared to various theoretical predictions for the hadronic form factor, ${f}_{+,D}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}({q}^{2})$, and the normalization $|{V}_{cd}|\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{f}_{+,D}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}({q}^{2}=0)=0.1374\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.003{8}_{\text{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002{2}_{\text{syst}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000{9}_{\text{ext}}$. is extracted from a fit to data. Using the most recent LQCD prediction of ${f}_{+,D}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}({q}^{2}=0)=0.666\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.029$, we obtain $|{V}_{cd}|=0.206\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00{7}_{\text{exp}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00{9}_{\mathrm{LQCD}}$. Assuming, instead, $|{V}_{cd}|=|{V}_{us}|=0.2252\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0009$, we obtain ${f}_{+,D}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}({q}^{2}=0)=0.610\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02{0}_{\text{exp}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00{5}_{\text{ext}}$. The ${q}^{2}$ dependence of ${f}_{+,D}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}({q}^{2})$ is compared to a variety of multipole parametrizations. This information is applied to ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ decays and, combined with an earlier ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ measurement by BABAR, is used to derive estimates of $|{V}_{ub}|$.

We report on analyses of tau lepton decays $\tau^- \to \eta K^- \nu_{\tau}$ and $\tau^- \to \eta \pi^- \nu_{\tau}$, with $\eta \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$, using 470 fb$^{-1}$ of data from the Babar experiment at PEP-II, collected at center-of-mass energies at and near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance. We measure the branching fraction for the $\tau^- \to \eta K^- \nu_{\tau}$ decay mode, $\Br(\tau^- \to \eta K^- \nu_{\tau}) = (1.42\pm0.11\text{(stat)}\pm0.07\text{(syst)})\times10^{-4}$, and report a 95% confidence level upper limit for the second-class current process $\tau^- \to \eta \pi^- \nu_{\tau}$, $\Br(\tau^- \to \eta \pi^- \nu_{\tau}) < 9.9\times10^{-5}$.

The photon spectrum in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{s}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay, where ${X}_{s}$ is any strange hadronic state, is studied using a data sample of $(382.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}$ events collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II collider. The spectrum is used to measure the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{s}\ensuremath{\gamma})=(3.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and the first, second, and third moments $⟨{E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}⟩=2.267\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.019\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.032\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, $⟨({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{-}⟨{E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}⟩{)}^{2}⟩=0.0484\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0053\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0077\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$, and $⟨({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{-}⟨{E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}⟩{)}^{3}⟩=\ensuremath{-}0.0048\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0011\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0011\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0004\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{3}$, for the range ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}&gt;1.8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, where ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ is the photon energy in the $B$-meson rest frame. Results are also presented for narrower ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ ranges. In addition, the direct $CP$ asymmetry ${A}_{CP}(B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{s+d}\ensuremath{\gamma})$ is measured to be $0.057\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.063$. The spectrum itself is also unfolded to the $B$-meson rest frame; that is the frame in which theoretical predictions for its shape are made.

We report a search for CP violation in the decay \tau- -> \pi - \K^0_S (>= 0 \pi 0) \nu_\tau\ using a dataset of 437 million \tau\ lepton pairs, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 476 fb^{-1}, collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e+e- storage rings. The CP-violating decay-rate asymmetry is determined to be (-0.45 +/- 0.24 +/- 0.11)%, approximately three standard deviations from the Standard Model prediction of (0.33 +/- 0.01)%.

Measurement of the B(0) -> pi(-)l(+)nu and B(+) -> eta(l)l(+)nu branching fractions, the B(0) -> pi(-)l(+)nu and B(+) -> eta l(+

Using 347.5 fb-1 of data recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II electron-positron collider, 244*10^3 signal events for the D+ --> K- pi+ e+ nu_e decay channel are analyzed. This decay mode is dominated by the \bar{K}^*(892)^0 contribution. We determine the \bar{K}^*(892)^0 parameters: m_{K^*(892)^0}=(895.4 +- 0.2 +- 0.2) MeV/c^{2}, \Gamma^0_{K^*(892)^0}=(46.5 +- 0.3 +- 0.2) MeV/c^{2} and the Blatt-Weisskopf parameter $r_{BW}=2.1 +- 0.5 +- 0.5 (GeV/c)^{-1} where the first uncertainty comes from statistics and the second from systematic uncertainties. We also measure the parameters defining the corresponding hadronic form factors at q^{2}=0 (r_{V} = V(0) / A_{1}(0)=1.463 +- 0.017 +- 0.031, r_{2} = A_{2}(0) / A_{1}(0) = 0.801 +- 0.020 +- 0.020) and the value of the axial-vector pole mass parameterizing the q^2 variation of A_{1} and A_{2}: m_{A}=(2.63 +- 0.10 +- 0.13) GeV/c^{2}. The S-wave fraction is equal to (5.79 +- 0.16 +- 0.15)%. Other signal components correspond to fractions below 1%. Using the D+ --> K- pi+ pi+ channel as a normalization, we measure the D+ semileptonic branching fraction: BR(D+ --> K- pi+ e+ nu_e) = (4.04 +- 0.03 +- 0.04 +- 0.09) \times 10^{-2} where the third uncertainty comes from external inputs. We then obtain the value of the hadronic form factor A_1 at q^{2}=0: A_{1}(0) = 0.6226 +- 0.0056 +- 0.0065 +- 0.0074. Fixing the P-wave parameters we measure the phase of the S-wave for several values of the Kpi mass. These results confirm those obtained with Kpi production at small momentum transfer in fixed target experiments.

We analyze the decay B0--&gt;K+ pi- pi0 with a sample of 454 million B Bbar events collected by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC, and extract the complex amplitudes of seven interfering resonances over the Dalitz plot. These results are combined with amplitudes measured in B0--&gt;K_S pi+ pi- decays to construct isospin amplitudes from B0--&gt;K* pi and B0--&gt;rho K decays. We measure the phase of the isospin amplitude Phi_3/2, useful in constraining the CKM unitarity triangle angle gamma and evaluate a CP rate asymmetry sum rule sensitive to the presence of new physics operators. We measure direct CP violation in B0--&gt;K*+ pi- decays at the level of 3 sigma when measurements from both B0--&gt;K+ pi- pi0 and B0--&gt;K_S pi+ pi- decays are combined.

We search for a low-mass scalar CP-odd Higgs boson, A0, produced in the radiative decay of the Upsilon resonance and decaying into a tau+tau- pair: Upsilon(1S)->gamma A0. The production of Upsilon(1S) mesons is tagged by Upsilon(2S)->pi+pi-Upsilon(1S) transitions, using a sample of (98.3+/-0.9) million Upsilon(2S) mesons collected by the BaBar detector. We find no evidence for a Higgs boson in the mass range 3.5 GeV<= m(A0)<=9.2 GeV, and combine these results with our previous search for the tau decays of the light Higgs in radiative Upsilon(3S) decays, setting limits on the coupling of A0 to the b/bbar quarks in the range 0.09-1.9. Our measurements improve the constraints on the parameters of the Next-to-Minimal-Supersymmetric Standard Model and similar theories with low-mass scalar degrees of freedom.

We present Dalitz plot analyses for the decays of $B$ mesons to ${D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{D}^{0}{K}^{+}$ and ${\overline{D}}^{0}{D}^{0}{K}^{+}$. We report the observation of the ${D}_{s1}^{*}(2700{)}^{+}$ resonance in these two channels and obtain measurements of the mass $M({D}_{s1}^{*}(2700{)}^{+})={2699}_{\ensuremath{-}7}^{+14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ and of the width $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}({D}_{s1}^{*}(2700{)}^{+})={127}_{\ensuremath{-}19}^{+24}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, including statistical and systematic uncertainties. In addition, we observe an enhancement in the ${D}^{0}{K}^{+}$ invariant mass around $2350--2500\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ in both decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{D}^{0}{K}^{+}$ and ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{D}^{0}{K}^{+}$, which we are not able to interpret. The results are based on $429\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data containing $471\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

We present a search for a neutral, long-lived particle L that is produced in e+ e- collisions and decays at a significant distance from the e+ e- interaction point into various flavor combinations of two oppositely charged tracks. The analysis uses an e+ e- data sample with a luminosity of 489.1 fb(-1) collected by the BABAR detector at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and just below the ϒ(4S). Fitting the two-track mass distribution in search of a signal peak, we do not observe a significant signal, and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the L production cross section, branching fraction, and reconstruction efficiency for six possible two-body L decay modes as a function of the L mass. The efficiency is given for each final state as a function of the mass, lifetime, and transverse momentum of the candidate, allowing application of the upper limits to any production model. In addition, upper limits are provided on the branching fraction B(B→XsL), where Xs is a strange hadronic system.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTREPTOTHRICIN AND STREPTOLIN: THE STRUCTURE OF STREPTOLIDINE (ROSEONINE)H. E. Carter, C. C. Sweeley, E. E. Daniels, J. E. McNary, C. P. Schaffner, C. A. West, E. E. Van Tamelen, J. R. Dyer, and H. A. WhaleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 20, 4296–4297Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01481a052Request reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (247 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

We report on a search for eleven lepton-number violating processes B+ -> X- l+ l'+ with X- = K-, pi-, rho-, K*- or D- and l+/l'+ = e+ or mu+, using a sample of 471+/-3 million BBbar events collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We find no evidence for any of these modes and place 90% confidence level upper limits on their branching fractions in the range $(1.5-26)\times 10^{-7}$.

We used a one-zone chemical evolution model to address the question of how many masses and metallicities are required in grids of massive stellar models in order to ensure reliable galactic chemical evolution predictions. We used a set of yields that includes seven masses between 13 and 30 M⊙, 15 metallicities between 0 and 0.03 in mass fraction, and two different remnant mass prescriptions. We ran several simulations where we sampled subsets of stellar models to explore the impact of different grid resolutions. Stellar yields from low- and intermediate-mass stars and from Type Ia supernovae have been included in our simulations, but with a fixed grid resolution. We compared our results with the stellar abundances observed in the Milky Way for O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, and Mn. Our results suggest that the range of metallicity considered is more important than the number of metallicities within that range, which only affects our numerical predictions by about 0.1 dex. We found that our predictions at [Fe/H] ≲ −2 are very sensitive to the metallicity range and the mass sampling used for the lowest metallicity included in the set of yields. Variations between results can be as high as 0.8 dex. At higher [Fe/H], we found that the required number of masses depends on the element of interest and on the remnant mass prescription. With a monotonic remnant mass prescription where every model explodes as a core-collapse supernova, the mass resolution induces variations of 0.2 dex on average. But with a remnant mass prescription that includes islands of non-explodability, the mass resolution can cause variations of about 0.2–0.7 dex depending on the choice of the lower limit of the metallicity range. With such a remnant mass prescription, explosive or non-explosive models can be missed if not enough masses are selected, resulting in over- or underestimations of the mass ejected by massive stars.

We report searches for $B$-meson decays to the charmless final states $\ensuremath{\rho}{K}^{*}$ and ${f}_{0}(980){K}^{*}$ with a sample of $232\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We measure in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ the following branching fractions, where the first error quoted is statistical and the second systematic, or upper limits are given at the 90% confidence level : $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{K}^{*+})&lt;6.1$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}{K}^{*0})=9.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{*+})&lt;12.0$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{K}^{*0})=5.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3$, $\mathcal{B}\mathbf{(}{B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{f}_{0}(980){K}^{*+}\mathbf{)}=5.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$, and $\mathcal{B}\mathbf{(}{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{f}_{0}(980){K}^{*0}\mathbf{)}&lt;4.3$. For the significant modes, we also measure the fraction of longitudinal polarization and the charge asymmetry: ${f}_{L}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}{K}^{*0})=0.52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$, ${f}_{L}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{K}^{*0})=0.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$, ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}{K}^{*0})=\ensuremath{-}0.01\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{K}^{*0})=0.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, and ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}\mathbf{(}{B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{f}_{0}(980){K}^{*+}\mathbf{)}=\ensuremath{-}0.34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$.

The absolute branching fractions for the decays $D^-_s\!\rightarrow\!\ell^-\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ ($\ell=e$, $\mu$, or $\tau$) are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 521 fb$^{-1}$ collected at center of mass energies near 10.58 GeV with the \mbox{\slshape B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A}\kern-0.1em B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A\kern-0.2em R}} detector at the PEP-II $e^+e^-$ collider at SLAC. The number of $D^-_s$ mesons is determined by reconstructing the recoiling system $DKX\gamma$ in events of the type $e^+e^-{\rightarrow}DKXD^{*-}_s$, where $D^{*-}_s\rightarrow D^-_s\gamma$ and $X$ represents additional pions from fragmentation. The $D^-_s\!\rightarrow\!\ell^-\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ events are detected by full or partial reconstruction of the recoiling system $DKX\gamma\ell$. The branching fraction measurements are combined to determine the $D^-_s$ decay constant $f_{D_s} = (258.6 \pm 6.4 \pm 7.5)$ MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

We report measurements of partial branching fractions for inclusive charmless semileptonic B decays Bbar --> Xu l nubar, and the determination of the CKM matrix element |V_{ub}|. The analysis is based on a sample of 467 million Upsilon(4S) --> BBar decays recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II e^+ e^- storage rings. We select events in which the decay of one of the B mesons is fully reconstructed and an electron or a muon signals the semileptonic decay of the other B meson. We measure partial branching fractions DeltaB in several restricted regions of phase space and determine the CKM element |V_{ub}| based on four different QCD predictions. For decays with a charged lepton momentum p_l^* > 1.0 GeV in the B meson rest frame, we obtain DeltaB = (1.80 \pm 0.13 (stat.) \pm 0.15 (sys.) \pm 0.02 (theo.)) \times 10^{-3} from a fit to the two-dimensional mX-q^2 distribution. Here, mX refers to the invariant mass of the final state hadron X and q^2 is the invariant mass squared of the charged lepton and neutrino. From this measurement we extract |V_{ub}| = (4.33\pm 0.24 (exp.) \pm 0.15 (theo.)) \times 10^{-3} as the arithmetic average of four results obtained from four different QCD predictions of the partial rate. We separately determine partial branching fractions for B^0 and B^- decays and derive a limit on the isospin breaking in Bbar --> Xu l nubar decays.

We measure the mass difference $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{0}$ between the ${D}^{*}(2010{)}^{+}$ and the ${D}^{0}$ and the natural linewidth $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ of the transition ${D}^{*}(2010{)}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. The data were recorded with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies at and near the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of approximately $477\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The ${D}^{0}$ is reconstructed in the decay modes ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. For the decay mode ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ we obtain $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=(83.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{0}=(145425.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, where the quoted errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. For the ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ mode we obtain $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=(83.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.6)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{0}=(145426.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$. The combined measurements yield $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=(83.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{0}=(145425.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$; the width is a factor of approximately 12 times more precise than the previous value, while the mass difference is a factor of approximately 6 times more precise.

We search for the rare decay of the ${D}^{0}$ meson to two photons, ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and present a measurement of the branching fraction for a ${D}^{0}$ meson decaying to two neutral pions, $B({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})$. The data sample analyzed corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $470.5\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at SLAC. We place an upper limit on the branching fraction, $B({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma})&lt;2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, at 90% confidence level. This limit improves on the existing limit by an order of magnitude. We also find $B({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})=(8.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$.

We study the sensitivity of presupernova evolution and supernova nucleosynthesis yields of massive stars to variations of the helium-burning reaction rates within the range of their uncertainties. We use the current solar abundances from Lodders (2009) for the initial stellar composition. We compute a grid of 12 initial stellar masses and 176 models per stellar mass to explore the effects of independently varying the 12^C(a,g)16^O and 3a reaction rates, denoted R_a12 and R_3a, respectively. The production factors of both the intermediate-mass elements (A=16-40) and the s-only isotopes along the weak s-process path (70Ge, 76Se, 80Kr, 82Kr, 86Sr, and 87Sr) were found to be in reasonable agreement with predictions for variations of R_3a and R_a12 of +/-25%; the s-only isotopes, however, tend to favor higher values of R_3a than the intermediate-mass isotopes. The experimental uncertainty (one standard deviation) in R_3a(R_a12) is approximately +/-10%(+/-25%). The results show that a more accurate measurement of one of these rates would decrease the uncertainty in the other as inferred from the present calculations. We also observe sharp changes in production factors and standard deviations for small changes in the reaction rates, due to differences in the convection structure of the star. The compactness parameter was used to assess which models would likely explode as successful supernovae, and hence contribute explosive nucleosynthesis yields. We also provide the approximate remnant masses for each model and the carbon mass fractions at the end of core-helium burning as a key parameter for later evolution stage

We have searched for the lepton-number violating processes ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{h}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}$ with ${h}^{\ensuremath{-}}={K}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}={e}^{+}/{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$, using a sample of $471\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$ million $B\overline{B}$ events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We find no evidence for these decays and place 90%-confidence-level upper limits on their branching fractions $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{e}^{+})&lt;2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{e}^{+})&lt;3.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+})&lt;10.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$, and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+})&lt;6.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$.

We present results of a search for $CP$ violation in ${B}^{0}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\text{ }{\overline{B}}^{0}$ mixing with the BABAR detector. We select a sample of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}X{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ decays with a partial reconstruction method and use kaon tagging to assess the flavor of the other $B$ meson in the event. We determine the $CP$ violating asymmetry ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}\ensuremath{\equiv}[N({B}^{0}{B}^{0})\ensuremath{-}N({\overline{B}}^{0}{\overline{B}}^{0})]/[N({B}^{0}{B}^{0})+N({\overline{B}}^{0}{\overline{B}}^{0})]=(0.06\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.17}_{\ensuremath{-}0.32}^{+0.38})%$, corresponding to ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{CP}=1\ensuremath{-}|q/p|=(0.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.84}_{\ensuremath{-}1.61}^{+1.88})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.

We present measurements of the branching fractions of 3-prong and 5-prong tau decay modes using a sample of 430 million tau lepton pairs, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 468 fb-1, collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e+e- storage rings. The τ- --&gt; (3π)- ην, τ- --&gt; (3π)- ων, and τ- --&gt; π- f_1(1285)ν, branching fractions are presented as well as a new limit on the branching fraction of the isospin-forbidden, second-class current, τ- --&gt; π-η'(958)ν, decay. We find no evidence for charged kaons in these decay modes and place the first upper limits on their branching fractions.

We study the process e+e- -> pi+pi-pi+pi-gamma, with a photon emitted from the initial-state electron or positron, using 454.3 fb^-1 of data collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC, corresponding to approximately 260,000 signal events. We use these data to extract the non-radiative sigma(e+e- ->pi+pi-pi+pi-) cross section in the energy range from 0.6 to 4.5 Gev. The total uncertainty of the cross section measurement in the peak region is less than 3%, higher in precision than the corresponding results obtained from energy scan data.

We study the processes $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\eta}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ using a data sample of $519\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ recorded with the BABAR detector operating at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at center-of-mass energies at and near the $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(nS)$ ($n=2,3,4$) resonances. We observe ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\eta}$ decays, measure their relative branching fraction, and perform a Dalitz plot analysis for each decay. We observe the ${K}_{0}^{*}(1430)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\eta}$ decay and measure its branching fraction relative to the $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay mode to be $\mathcal{R}({K}_{0}^{*}(1430))=\frac{\mathcal{B}({K}_{0}^{*}(1430)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\eta})}{\mathcal{B}({K}_{0}^{*}(1430)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\pi})}=0.092\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02{5}_{\ensuremath{-}0.025}^{+0.010}$. The ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\eta}$ and ${K}_{0}^{*}(1430)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\eta}$ results correspond to the first observations of these channels. The data also show evidence for ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and first evidence for ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\eta}$.

We present measurements of Collins asymmetries in the inclusive process $e^+e^- \rightarrow h_1 h_2 X$, $h_1h_2=KK,\, K\pi,\, \pi\pi$, at the center-of-mass energy of 10.6 GeV, using a data sample of 468 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the BaBar experiment at the PEP-II $B$ factory at SLAC National Accelerator Center. Considering hadrons in opposite thrust hemispheres of hadronic events, we observe clear azimuthal asymmetries in the ratio of unlike- to like-sign, and unlike- to all charged $h_1 h_2$ pairs, which increase with hadron energies. The $K\pi$ asymmetries are similar to those measured for the $\pi\pi$ pairs, whereas those measured for high-energy $KK$ pairs are, in general, larger.

Using a sample of 122 million Upsilon(3S) events recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC, we search for the $h_b(1P)$ spin-singlet partner of the P-wave chi_{bJ}(1P) states in the sequential decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P), h_b(1P) --> gamma eta_b(1S). We observe an excess of events above background in the distribution of the recoil mass against the pi0 at mass 9902 +/- 4(stat.) +/- 2(syst.) MeV/c^2. The width of the observed signal is consistent with experimental resolution, and its significance is 3.1sigma, including systematic uncertainties. We obtain the value (4.3 +/- 1.1(stat.) +/- 0.9(syst.)) x 10^{-4} for the product branching fraction BF(Upsilon(3S)-->pi0 h_b) x BF(h_b-->gamma eta_b).

We report on a search for CP violation in the decay $ D^\pm \to K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S} \pi^\pm $ using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $ 469\,\,fb^{-1} $ collected with the \slshape B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A}\kern-0.1em B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A\kern-0.2em R} detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy $e^+e^-$ storage rings. The CPviolating decay rate asymmetry $A_{CP}$ is determined to be $(-0.44 \pm 0.13 \mathrm{(stat)} \pm 0.10 \mathrm{(syst)})%$, consistent with zero at 2.7 $\sigma$ and with the standard model prediction of $(-0.332 \pm 0.006)%$. This is currently the most precise measurement of this parameter.

We present the first results on the Dalitz-plot structure and improved measurements of the time-dependent CP-violation parameters of the process $B^0 \rightarrow K^0_S K^0_S K^0_S$ obtained using $468\times10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$ factory at SLAC. The Dalitz-plot structure is probed by a time-integrated amplitude analysis that does not distinguish between $B^0$ and $\bar{B}^0$ decays. We measure the total inclusive branching fraction ${\cal B}($B^0$ \rightarrow K^0_S K^0_S K^0_S)=\rm (6.19 \pm 0.48 \pm 0.15 \pm 0.12)\times 10^{-6}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third represents the Dalitz-plot signal model dependence. We also observe evidence for the intermediate resonant states $f_0(980)$, $f_0(1710)$, and $f_2(2010)$. Their respective product branching fractions are measured to be $\rm(2.70\,^{+1.25}_{-1.19} \pm 0.36 \pm 1.17)\times 10^{-6}$, $\rm(0.50\,^{+0.46}_{-0.24} \pm 0.04 \pm 0.10)\times 10^{-6}$, and $\rm(0.54\,^{+0.21}_{-0.20} \pm 0.03 \pm 0.52)\times 10^{-6}$. Additionally, we determine the mixing-induced CP-violation parameters to be ${\cal S} = -0.94\,^{+0.24}_{-0.21} \pm 0.06 $ and ${\cal C} = -0.17 \pm 0.18 \pm 0.04 $, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. These values are in agreement with the standard model expectation. For the first time, we report evidence of CP violation in $B^0$ \rightarrow K^0_S K^0_S K^0_S$ decays; CP conservation is excluded at 3.8 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties.

We present results for B-meson decay modes involving a charm meson, protons, and pions using 455 x 10^6 BBbar pairs recorded by the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider. The branching fractions are measured for the following ten decays: B0bar to D0 p pbar, B0bar to D*0 p pbar, B0bar to D+ p pbar pi-, B0bar to D*+ p pbar pi-, B- to D0 p pbar pi-, B- to D*0 p pbar pi-, B0bar to D0 p pbar pi- pi+, B0bar to D*0 p pbar pi- pi+, B- to D+ p pbar pi- pi-, and B- to D*+ p pbar pi- pi-, The four B- and the two five-body B0bar modes are observed for the first time. The four-body modes are enhanced compared to the three- and the five-body modes. In the three-body modes, the M(p pbar) and M(D(*)0 p) invariant mass distributions show enhancements near threshold values. In the four-body mode B0bar to D+ p pbar pi-, the M(p pi-) distribution shows a narrow structure of unknown origin near 1.5 GeV/c^2. The distributions for the five-body modes, in contrast to the others, are similar to the expectations from uniform phase-space predictions.

We present a measurement of the branching fractions of the 22 decay channels of the B0 and B+ mesons to Dbar(*)D(*)K, where the D(*) and Dbar(*) mesons are fully reconstructed. Summing the 10 neutral modes and the 12 charged modes, the branching fractions are found to be B(B0 -> Dbar(*)D(*)K) = (3.68 +- 0.10 +- 0.24)% and B(B+ -> Dbar(*)D(*)K) = (4.05 +- 0.11 +- 0.28)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are based on 429 fb^-1 of data containing 471.10^6 BBbar pairs collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the BaBar detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

We study the processes gamma gamma -> K^0_S K pi and gamma gamma -> K+ K- pi+ pi- pi0 using a data sample of 519.2 fb-1 recorded by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at center-of-mass energies near the Upsilon(nS) (n = 2,3,4) resonances. We observe the eta_c(1S), chi_c0(1P) and eta_c(2S) resonances produced in two-photon interactions and decaying to K+K-pi+pi-pi0, with significances of 18.1, 5.4 and 5.3 standard deviations (including systematic errors), respectively, and report 4.0sigma evidence of the chi_c2(1P) decay to this final state. We measure the eta_c(2S) mass and width in K^0_S K pi decays, and obtain the values m(eta_c(2S))= 3638.5 +/- 1.5 +/- 0.8 MeV/c^2 and Gamma(eta_c(2S)) = 13.4 +/- 4.6 +/- 3.2 MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We measure the two-photon width times branching fraction for the reported resonance signals, and search for the \chi_{c2}(2P) resonance, but no significant signal is observed.

Searches for $B$ mesons decaying to final states containing a baryon and a lepton are performed, where the baryon is either ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{c}$ or $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and the lepton is a muon or an electron. These decays violate both baryon and lepton number and would be a signature of physics beyond the standard model. No significant signal is observed in any of the decay modes, and upper limits in the range $(3.2--520)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ are set on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level.

All stellar evolution models for nucleosynthesis require an initial isotopic abundance set to use as a starting point. Generally, our knowledge of isotopic abundances of stars is fairly incomplete except for the Sun. We present a first model for a complete average isotopic decomposition as a function of metallicity. Our model is based on the underlying nuclear astrophysics processes, and is fitted to observational data, rather than traditional forward galactic chemical evolution modeling which integrates stellar yields beginning from big bang nucleosynthesis. We first decompose the isotopic solar abundance pattern into contributions from astrophysical sources. Each contribution is then assumed to scale as a function of metallicity. The resulting total isotopic abundances are summed into elemental abundances and fitted to available halo and disk stellar data to constrain the model's free parameter values. This procedure allows us to use available elemental observational data to reconstruct and constrain both the much needed complete isotopic evolution that is not accessible to current observations, and the underlying astrophysical processes. As an example, our model finds a best fit for Type Ia contributing ≃ 0.7 to the solar Fe abundance, and Type Ia onset occurring at [Fe/H] ≃ −1.1, in agreement with typical values.

We measure the direct CP violation asymmetry, A_CP, in B to X_s gamma and the isospin difference of the asymmetry, Delta A_CP, using 429 fb^-1 of data collected at Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- storage rings operating at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. B mesons are reconstructed from 10 charged B final states and 6 neutral B final states. We find A_CP = +(1.7 +- 1.9 +- 1.0)%, which is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction and provides an improvement on the world average. Moreover, we report the first measurement of the difference between A_CP for charged and neutral decay modes, Delta A_CP = +(5.0 +- 3.9 +- 1.5)%. Using the value of Delta A_CP, we also provide 68% and 90% confidence intervals on the imaginary part of the ratio of the Wilson coefficients corresponding to the chromo-magnetic dipole and the electromagnetic dipole transitions.

We present results for a time-dependent Dalitz plot measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in the mode B^0 -> pi^+ pi^- pi^0. The dataset is derived from the complete sample of 471 x 10^6 BBbar meson pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory operating on the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We extract parameters describing the time-dependent B^0 -> rho pi decay probabilities and CP asymmetries, including C = 0.016\pm0.059\pm0.036, DeltaC = 0.234\pm0.061\pm0.048, S = 0.053\pm0.081\pm0.034, and DeltaS = 0.054\pm0.082\pm0.039, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We perform a two-dimensional likelihood scan of the direct CP-violation asymmetry parameters for B^0 -> rho^\pm pi^\mp decays, finding the change in chi^2 between the minimum and the origin (corresponding to no direct CP violation) to be Delta(chi^2)=6.42. We present information on the CP-violating parameter alpha in a likelihood scan that incorporates B^\pm -> rho pi measurements.

We present a measurement of the asymmetry A_{CP} between same-sign inclusive dilepton samples ℓ^{+}ℓ^{+} and ℓ^{-}ℓ^{-} (ℓ=e, μ) from semileptonic B decays in ϒ(4S)→BB[over ¯] events, using the complete data set recorded by the BABAR experiment near the ϒ(4S) resonance, corresponding to 471×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs. The asymmetry A_{CP} allows comparison between the mixing probabilities P(B[over ¯]^{0}→B^{0}) and P(B^{0}→B[over ¯]^{0}), and therefore probes CP and T violation. The result, A_{CP}=[-3.9±3.5(stat)±1.9(syst)]×10^{-3}, is consistent with the standard model expectation.

Abstract This work explores the application of the questionable use of machine learning (ML), specifically the ChatGPT 3.5 system, in the training of student formulators. Here, an experiment is undertaken to explore the ability of ML to aid in training students in the role of formulators of a personal care product. The focus is on whether or not the students can successfully rely on ML to guide them through the formulation process of a 10-minute hydrating face mask recipe. While exploring the iterative process of recipe adjustments with ML, it was found that the language model demonstrates the ability to help formulators in training due to its above-average knowledge in chemistry, but when given clear prompts, it performs much better at providing helpful suggestions for ingredient substitutions. However, ML lacks a reliable memory, even within a single extended conversation and struggles with mathematical calculations. ML is not found to be proficient in accurately calculating cost adjustments. Additionally, the contribution of ML may only be marginally helpful in the training of more seasoned formulator. Despite its limitations, ML can quickly and effectively, in the hands of student formulators in-training, provide direction and support to produce and improve upon a base formula resulting in a quality product.

Half of the students who begin college do not complete a degree or certificate. The odds of completing a degree are decreased if a student has a low socio-economic status (SES), is the first in a family to attend college (first-generation), attends multiple institutions, stops out multiple times, reduces credit loads over time, performs poorly in major-specific coursework, has competing family obligations, and experiences financial difficulties. Stopping out of college does not always indicate that a student is no longer interested in pursuing an education; it can be an indication of a barrier, or several barriers faced. Institutions can benefit themselves and students by utilizing person-centered statistical methods to re-engage students they have lost, particularly those near the end of their degree plan. Using demographic, academic, and financial variables, this study applied latent class analysis (LCA) to explore subgroups of seniors who have stopped out of a public four-year Tier One Research intuition before graduating with a four-year degree. The findings indicated a six-class model was the best fitting model. Similar to previous research, academic and financial variables were key determinants of the latent classes. This paper demonstrates how the results of an LCA can assist institutions in the decisions around intervention strategies and resource allocations.

Surprisingly, in this age of communication, the business world is still populated by some poor communicators; individuals and companies who feel tha staff, customers, owners, and others who can influence the fortunes of the organization, can be left in partial or complete ignorance of corporate objectives, strategies, needs, and methods without any ill effects. However, the days of successful autocratic management have passed, along with the 50-hour working week and child labour. Successful companies are distinguished by frequent and intense communication between managers, and, for complete success, this practice is extended to all groups that are involved in the operations of the company. It must be recognized, however, that it is one thing for a small group informally to understand one another’s requirements and motives and quite another for this to be achieved among much larger groups, where a formal communications strategy is required.

Abstract A crucial goal of Open Innovation is to capture external knowledge that flows between organizations, allowing firms to be more successful at innovation than firms that close off such flows. As has been discussed in Part I, one goal of external innovation is to capture the value of internal knowledge transferred to other firms. In other cases, firms find it more efficient and effective to incorporate external knowledge rather than develop it internally. In the overall scope of innovation, most new ideas emerge from outside companies, and those that emerge inside can leave if not quickly captured (Chesbrough 2003a; Moore and Davis 2004). However, prior research on Open Innovation has mostly focused on the firm level of analysis and has not emphasized the role of the firm ‘s external institutional and geographic context in shaping the flows of knowledge that the firm can act on in pursuing an Open Innovation strategy.

We establish improved upper limits on branching fractions for B0 decays to final States 10 where the decay products are purely invisible (i.e., no observable final state particles) and for final states where the only visible product is a photon. Within the Standard Model, these decays have branching fractions that are below the current experimental sensitivity, but various models of physics beyond the Standard Model predict significant contributions for these channels. Using 471 million BB pairs collected at the Y(4S) resonance by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II e+e- storage ring at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, we establish upper limits at the 90% confidence level of 2.4x10^-5 for the branching fraction of B0-->Invisible and 1.7x10^-5 for the branching fraction of B0-->Invisible+gamma

We report the measurement of the baryonic B decay B- -> SigmaC++ p- pi- pi-. Using a data sample of 467*10^6 B B-bar pairs collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II storage ring at SLAC, the measured branching fraction is (2.98 +/- 0.16 (stat) +/- 0.15 (syst) +/- 0.77 (LambdaC+))*10^{-4}, where the last error is due to the uncertainty in the branching fraction of the decay LambdaC+ -> p+ K- pi+. The data suggest the existence of resonant subchannels B- -> LambdaC(2595)+ p- pi- and, possibly, B- -> SigmaC++ anti-Delta-- pi-. We see unexplained structures in m(SigmaC++ pi- pi-) at 3.25 GeV/c^2, 3.8 GeV/c^2, and 4.2 GeV/c^2.

We measure the mass difference, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{0}$, between the ${D}^{*}(2010{)}^{+}$ and the ${D}^{0}$ and the natural linewidth, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, of the transition ${D}^{*}(2010{)}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. The data were recorded with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies at and near the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of approximately $477\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The ${D}^{0}$ is reconstructed in the decay modes ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. For the decay mode ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ we obtain $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=(83.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{0}=(145425.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, where the quoted errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. For the ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ mode we obtain $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=(83.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.6)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{0}=(145426.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$. The combined measurements yield $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=(83.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{0}=(145425.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$; the width is a factor of approximately 12 times more precise than the previous value, while the mass difference is a factor of approximately 6 times more precise.

We search for the decay $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{A}^{0}$, ${A}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}gg$ or $\mathrm{s}\overline{\mathrm{s}}$, where ${A}^{0}$ is the pseudoscalar light Higgs boson predicted by the next-to-minimal supersymmetric Standard Model. We use a sample of $(17.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ mesons produced in the BABAR experiment via ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$. We see no significant signal and set 90%-confidence-level upper limits on the product branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{A}^{0})\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathcal{B}({A}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}gg\text{ }\mathrm{\text{or}}\text{ }\mathrm{s}\overline{\mathrm{s}})$ ranging from ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ for ${A}^{0}$ masses in the range $0.5--9.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$.

We use (111±1) million Υ(3S) and (89±1) million Υ(2S) events recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B-factory at SLAC to perform a study of radiative transitions between bottomonium states using photons that have been converted to e+e− pairs by the detector material. We observe Υ(3S)→γχb0,2(1P) decay, make precise measurements of the branching fractions for χb1,2(1P,2P)→γΥ(1S) and χb1,2(2P)→γΥ(2S) decays, and search for radiative decay to the ηb(1S) and ηb(2S) states.1 MoreReceived 27 April 2011Corrected 18 October 2011DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.84.072002© 2011 American Physical Society

We present a measurement of the B -> omega l nu branching fraction based on a sample of 467 million BB pairs recorded by the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-2 e+e- collider. We observe 1125 +- 131 signal decays, corresponding to a branching fraction of BF(B -> omega l nu) = (1.21 +- 0.14 +- 0.08) x 10^{-4}, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. The dependence of the decay rate on q^2, the momentum transfer squared to the lepton system, is compared to QCD predictions of the form factors based on a quark model and light-cone sum rules.

We report an analysis of the charmless hadronic decays of charged B meson to the final state K+pi0pi0, using a data sample of 470+/-2.8 million BBbar events collected at the Y(4S) resonance. We observe an excess of signal events, with a significance above 10 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties, and measure the branching fraction and CP asymmetry to be B(B+->K+pi0pi0)=(16.2+/-1.2+/-1.5)x10^-6 and A_CP(B+->K+pi0pi0)=-0.06+/-0.06+/-0.04, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic respectively. Additionally we study the contributions of the B+->K*(892)+pi0, B+->f0(980)K+ and B+->chic0K+ quasi-two body decays. We report the world's best measurements of the branching fractions and CP asymmetry of the B+->K+pi0pi0 and B+->K*(892)+pi0 channels.

We report a search for CP violation in the decay modes $D^{\pm} \to K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S} K^\pm$, $D_s^{\pm} \to K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S} K^\pm$, and $D_s^{\pm}\to K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S} \pi^\pm$ using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $469\,{\,fb}^{-1}$ collected with the {\slshape B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A}\kern-0.1em B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A\kern-0.2em R}} detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy $e^+e^-$ storage rings. The decay rate CP asymmetries, $A_{CP}$, are determined to be $(+0.13 \pm 0.36 \stat \pm 0.25 \syst)%$, $(-0.05 \pm 0.23 \stat \pm 0.24 \syst)%$, and $(+0.6 \pm 2.0 \stat \pm 0.3 \syst)%$, respectively. These measurements are consistent with zero, and also with the standard model prediction ($(-0.332 \pm 0.006)%$ for the $D^{\pm} \to K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S} K^\pm$ and $D_s^{\pm} \to K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S} K^\pm$ modes, and $(+0.332 \pm 0.006)%$ for the $D_s^{\pm}\to K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S} \pi^\pm$ mode). They are the most precise determinations to date.

We report updated branching fraction measurements of the color-suppressed decays B0bar to D0 pi0, D*0 pi0, D0 eta, D*0 eta, D0 omega, D*0 omega, D0 eta_prime, and D*0 eta_prime. We measure the branching fractions (*10^-4): BF(B0bar to D0 pi0) = 2.69 +/- 0.09 +/- 0.13, BF(B0bar to D*0 pi0) = 3.05 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.28, BF(B0bar to D0 eta) = 2.53 +/- 0.09 +/- 0.11, BF(B0bar to D*0 eta) = 2.69 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.23, BF(B0bar to D0 omega) = 2.57 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.14, BF(B0bar to D*0 omega) = 4.55 +/- 0.24 +/- 0.39, BF(B0bar to D0 eta_prime) = 1.48 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.07,and BF(B0bar to D*0 eta_prime) = 1.49 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.15. We also present the first measurement of the longitudinal polarization fraction of the decay channel D*0 omega, f_L = (66.5+/- 4.7+/- 1.5) %. In the above, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The results are based on a sample of (454 +/- 5)*10^6 BBbar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance, with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II storage rings at SLAC. The measurements are the most precise determinations of these quantities from a single experiment. They are compared to theoretical predictions obtained by factorization, Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) and perturbative QCD (pQCD). We find that the presence of final state interactions is favored and the measurements are in better agreement with SCET than with pQCD.

Effective values for the key helium burning reaction rates, triple-α and (12)C(α, γ)(16)O, are obtained by adjusting their strengths so as to obtain the best match with the solar abundance pattern of isotopes uniquely or predominately made in core-collapse supernovae. These effective rates are then used to determine the production of the neutrino isotopes. The use of effective rates considerably reduces the uncertainties in the production factors arising from uncertainties in the helium burning rates, and improves our ability to use the production of B11 to constrain the neutrino emission from supernovae.

The $e^+e^-\to K^+K^-$ cross section and charged-kaon electromagnetic form factor are measured in the $e^+e^-$ center-of-mass energy range ($E$) from 2.6 to 8.0 GeV using the initial-state radiation technique with an undetected photon. The study is performed using 469 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II $e^+e^-$ collider at center-of-mass energies near 10.6 GeV. The form factor is found to decrease with energy faster than $1/E^2$, and approaches the asymptotic QCD prediction. Production of the $K^+K^-$ final state through the $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ intermediate states is observed. The results for the kaon form factor are used together with data from other experiments to perform a model-independent determination of the relative phases between single-photon and strong amplitudes in $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)\to K^+K^-$ decays. The values of the branching fractions measured in the reaction $e^+e^- \to K^+K^-$ are shifted relative to their true values due to interference between resonant and nonresonant amplitudes. The values of these shifts are determined to be about $\pm5\%$ for the $J/\psi$ meson and $\pm15\%$ for the $\psi(2S)$ meson.

We report on measurements of the decays of B¯ mesons into the semileptonic final states B¯→D^(*)π^(+)π^(-)ℓ^(-)ν¯, where D^(*) represents a D or D^(*) meson and ℓ^(-) is an electron or a muon. These measurements are based on 471×10^(6) BB ¯ pairs recorded with the BABAR detector at the SLAC asymmetric B factory PEP-II. We determine the branching fraction ratios R_{π^{+}π^{-}}^{(*)}=B(B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}π^{+}π^{-}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯])/B(B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]) using events in which the second B meson is fully reconstructed. We find R_{π^{+}π^{-}}=0.067±0.010±0.008 and R_{π^{+}π^{-}}^{*}=0.019±0.005±0.004, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Based on these results and assuming isospin invariance, we estimate that B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}ππℓ^{-}ν[over ¯] decays, where π denotes either a π^{±} and π^{0} meson, account for up to half the difference between the measured inclusive semileptonic branching fraction to charm hadrons and the corresponding sum of previously measured exclusive branching fractions.

We measure the time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in the radiative-penguin decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, using a sample of $471\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B\overline{B}$ events recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ storage ring at SLAC. Using events with ${m}_{K\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}&lt;1.8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$, we measure the branching fractions of ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, the branching fractions of the kaonic resonances decaying to ${K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, as well as the overall branching fractions of the ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $S$-wave ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(K\ensuremath{\pi}{)}_{0}^{*0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ components. For events from the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ mass band, we measure the $CP$-violating parameters ${\mathcal{S}}_{{K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}}=0.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ and ${\mathcal{C}}_{{K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}}=\ensuremath{-}0.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2{0}_{\ensuremath{-}0.02}^{+0.03}$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We extract from this measurement the time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry related to the $CP$ eigenstate ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{K}_{S}^{0}$ and obtain ${\mathcal{S}}_{{K}_{S}^{0}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\gamma}}=\ensuremath{-}0.18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3{2}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05}^{+0.06}$, which provides information on the photon polarization in the underlying $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transition.

We search for CP violation in a sample of 20000 Cabibbo-suppressed decays, $D^+\rightarrow K^+K^0_S\pi^+\pi^-$, and 30000 Cabibbo-favored decays, $D_s^+\rightarrow K^+K^0_S\pi^+\pi^-$. We use 520 $fb^{-1}$ of data recorded by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider operating at center of mass energies near 10.6 $GeV$. We search for CP violation in the difference between the $T$-odd asymmetries obtained using triple product correlations of the $D^+$ ($D_s^+$) and $D^-$ ($D_s^-$) decays, respectively. The $T$ violation parameter values obtained are $\mathcal{A}_T(D^+) = (-12.0 \pm 10.0_{stat} \pm 4.6_{syst})\times 10^{-3}$ and $\mathcal{A}_T(D_s^+) = (-13.6 \pm 7.7_{stat} \pm 3.4_{syst}) \times10^{-3}$, which are consistent with the standard model expectations.

We report a measurement of the inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the B_s meson using data collected with the BaBar detector in the center-of-mass (CM) energy region above the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We use the inclusive yield of phi mesons and the phi yield in association with a high-momentum lepton to perform a simultaneous measurement of the semileptonic branching fraction and the production rate of B_s mesons relative to all B mesons as a function of CM energy. The inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the B_s meson is determined to be B(B_s to l nu X)=9.5 (+2.5/-2.0)(stat)(+1.1/-1.9)(syst)%, where l indicates the average of e and mu.

We present measurements of the inclusive production of antideuterons in $e^+e^-$ annihilation into hadrons at $\approx 10.58 \mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}$ center-of-mass energy and in $\Upsilon(1S,2S,3S)$ decays. The results are obtained using data collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II electron-positron collider. Assuming a fireball spectral shape for the emitted antideuteron momentum, we find $\mathcal{B}(\Upsilon(1S) \to \bar{d}X) = (2.81 \pm 0.49 \mathrm{(stat)} {}^{+0.20}_{-0.24} \mathrm{(syst)})/! \times /! 10^{-5}$, $\mathcal{B}(\Upsilon(2S) \to \bar{d}X) = (2.64 \pm 0.11 \mathrm{(stat)} {}^{+0.26}_{-0.21} \mathrm{(syst)})/! \times /! 10^{-5}$, $\mathcal{B}(\Upsilon(3S) \to \bar{d}X) = (2.33 \pm 0.15 \mathrm{(stat)} {}^{+0.31}_{-0.28} \mathrm{(syst)})/! \times /! 10^{-5}$, and $\sigma (e^+e^- \to \bar{d}X) = (9.63 \pm 0.41 \mathrm{(stat)} {}^{+1.17}_{-1.01} \mathrm{(syst)}) \mbox{\,fb}$.

Charge asymmetry in processes e+ e- --> mu+ mu- gamma and e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma is measured using 232 fb-1 of data collected with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies near 10.58 GeV. An observable is introduced and shown to be very robust against detector asymmetries while keeping a large sensitivity to the physical charge asymmetry that results from the interference between initial and final state radiation. The asymmetry is determined as afunction of the invariant mass of the final-state tracks from production threshold to a few GeV/c2. It is compared to the expectation from QED for e+ e- --> mu+ mu- gamma and from theoretical models for e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma. A clear interference pattern is observed in e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma, particularly in the vicinity of the f_2(1270) resonance. The inferred rate of lowest order FSR production is consistent with the QED expectation for e+ e- --> mu+ mu- gamma, and is negligibly small for e+ e- --> pi+ pi- gamma.

We present a study of the decays ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ with $D$ mesons reconstructed in the ${K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ or ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ final states, where $D$ indicates a ${D}^{0}$ or a ${\overline{D}}^{0}$ meson. Using a sample of $474\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at SLAC, we measure the ratios ${R}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}[{K}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{]}_{D}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}[{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{]}_{D}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})}$. We obtain ${R}^{+}=({5}_{\ensuremath{-}10}^{+12}(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}4}^{+2}(\mathrm{syst}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}}=({12}_{\ensuremath{-}10}^{+12}(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}5}^{+3}(\mathrm{syst}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, from which we extract the upper limits at 90% probability: ${R}^{+}&lt;23\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}}&lt;29\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Using these measurements, we obtain an upper limit for the ratio ${r}_{B}$ of the magnitudes of the $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}u$ and $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c$ amplitudes ${r}_{B}&lt;0.13$ at 90% probability.

We study the $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S,2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ and $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S,2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ transitions with $122\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S)$ and $100\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)$ mesons collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We measure $\mathcal{B}[\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)]=(2.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.31(\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14(\mathrm{syst}.))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}[\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)]/\ensuremath{\Gamma}[\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)]=(1.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17(\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08(\mathrm{syst}.))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We find no evidence for $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ and obtain $\mathcal{B}[\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)]&lt;1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}[\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)]/\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\Gamma}[\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)]&lt;2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ as upper limits at the 90% confidence level. We also provide improved measurements of the $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)\ensuremath{-}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ and $\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S)\ensuremath{-}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ mass differences, $562.170\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007(\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.088(\mathrm{syst}.)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ and $893.813\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015(\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.107(\mathrm{syst}.)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, respectively.

We report on a search for direct $CP$ violation in the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay ${D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ using a data sample of $476\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation data accumulated with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II electron-positron collider, running at and just below the energy of the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance. The integrated $CP$-violating decay rate asymmetry ${A}_{CP}$ is determined to be $(0.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)%$. Model-independent and model-dependent Dalitz plot analysis techniques are used to search for $CP$-violating asymmetries in the various intermediate states. We find no evidence for $CP$-violation asymmetry.

We have used effective reaction rates (ERRs) for the helium burning reactions to predict the yield of the gamma-emitting nuclei 26Al, 44Ti, and 60Fe in core-collapse supernovae (SNe). The variations in the predicted yields for values of the reaction rates allowed by the ERR are much smaller than obtained previously, and smaller than other uncertainties. A "filter" for SN nucleosynthesis yields based on pre-SN structure was used to estimate the effect of failed SNe on the initial mass function averaged yields; this substantially reduced the yields of all these isotopes, but the predicted yield ratio 60Fe/26Al was little affected. The robustness of this ratio is promising for comparison with data, but it is larger than observed in nature; possible causes for this discrepancy are discussed.

We present branching fraction measurements for the decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{K}^{*0}$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{f}_{0}{K}^{*0}$, and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{*+}$, where ${K}^{*}$ is an $S$-wave $(K\ensuremath{\pi}{)}_{0}^{*}$ or a ${K}^{*}(892)$ meson; we also measure ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{f}_{0}{K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}$. For the ${K}^{*}(892)$ channels, we report measurements of longitudinal polarization fractions (for $\ensuremath{\rho}$ final states) and direct $CP$ violation asymmetries. These results are obtained from a sample of $(471.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We observe ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}(K\ensuremath{\pi}{)}_{0}^{*0}$, ${f}_{0}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$, and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{+}$ with greater than $5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ significance, including systematics. We report first evidence for ${f}_{0}(K\ensuremath{\pi}{)}_{0}^{*0}$ and ${f}_{0}{K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}$, and place an upper limit on ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}}(K\ensuremath{\pi}{)}_{0}^{*+}$. Our results in the ${K}^{*}(892)$ channels are consistent with no direct $CP$ violation.